CN115290919A - Unconventional method for measuring rotating speed of steam turbine - Google Patents
Unconventional method for measuring rotating speed of steam turbine Download PDFInfo
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- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses an unconventional method for measuring the rotating speed of a steam turbine, which relates to the field of measuring the rotating speed of the steam turbine and comprises the steps of acquiring the voltage of the output end of an auxiliary exciter of a real-time self-excited generator, acquiring the frequency change condition of the voltage of the output end of the auxiliary exciter, converting the frequency into standard direct-current voltage output according to linear proportion, performing analog-to-digital conversion on the frequency change, and transmitting the analog-to-digital conversion result to a rotating speed display; the invention utilizes the self-excitation to generate the auxiliary excitation voltage when the turbine rotor rotates, the change frequency of the voltage changes along with the difference of the number of pole pairs of the exciter and the difference of the rotating speed of the rotor, and the faster the rotating speed of the rotor, the higher the phase change frequency of the excitation voltage; at the moment, the frequency change of the voltage at the output end of the auxiliary exciter of the self-excited generator is measured, the frequency is converted into standard direct current voltage or direct current which is output according to linear proportion through a frequency transmitter, and the measurement of the rotating speed of the steam turbine in an unconventional mode can be realized after the standard direct current voltage or the direct current is processed through an analog-digital conversion device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of turbine rotating speed measurement, in particular to an unconventional turbine rotating speed measurement method.
Background
For the turbonators produced in China in recent years, two sets of speed measuring fluted discs are designed on different positions of a steam turbine rotor, and two sets of speed measuring devices can be installed, so that the requirements are completely met. However, for the national old steam turbines in the nineties, the steam turbine rotor is basically provided with only one set of speed measuring fluted disc, namely only one set of speed measuring fluted disc and one set of speed measuring device can be installed, and the requirements of related policies cannot be met, so that a set of steam turbine speed measuring device needs to be installed.
At present, according to a conventional speed measurement mode, a set of speed measurement fluted disc and an electric eddy current probe are required to be added on a steam turbine rotor, which is almost impossible, because the steam turbine rotor runs at a high speed at 3000 rpm when in normal running, the vibration of the steam turbine is aggravated when the rotor is slightly deviated in balance, and more specifically, a speed measurement disk which is as heavy as 50kg is added on the existing basis, and if the device is required to be added, the whole device needs to be returned to a factory for customized processing, and the cost can exceed 500 million RMB. Obviously, it is not feasible to add a set of speed measuring device according to the conventional way.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects that the rotating speed of the old type steam turbine is difficult to measure in a conventional mode and the cost of the conventional refitting mode is high in the prior art, and provides an unconventional method for measuring the rotating speed of the steam turbine.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring the rotating speed of an unconventional steam turbine comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the voltage of the output end of an auxiliary exciter of a real-time self-excited generator;
s2, acquiring the frequency change condition of the voltage at the output end of the auxiliary exciter;
s3, converting the frequency into a standard direct-current voltage which is output according to a linear proportion;
s4, performing analog-to-digital conversion on the frequency change;
and S5, transmitting the analog-to-digital conversion result to a rotating speed display.
Preferably, the obtaining of the voltage at the output end of the secondary exciter of the real-time self-excited generator specifically includes:
the voltage measuring instrument is connected to a terminal of the output end of the auxiliary exciter of the self-excited generator, and the auxiliary exciter is a permanent magnet rotor, so that the auxiliary exciter can generate auxiliary excitation voltage in a self-excited mode while the turbine rotor rotates, and therefore real-time voltage of the output end of the auxiliary exciter when the self-excited generator rotates can be obtained through the voltage measuring instrument.
Preferably, the obtaining of the frequency change of the voltage at the output end of the secondary exciter specifically includes:
inputting the voltage of the output end of the auxiliary exciter acquired in real time to a voltage-frequency converter, and converting a voltage signal into a frequency signal by using the voltage-frequency converter; and the change frequency of the voltage changes along with the difference of the number of pole pairs of the exciter and the difference of the rotor rotating speed, and the faster the rotor rotating speed is, the higher the phase change frequency of the exciting voltage is.
Preferably, the converting the frequency into a standard dc voltage output in a linear proportion specifically includes:
converting the frequency signal into standard direct current voltage which is output according to linear proportion by a frequency transmitter;
the calculation method for frequency transmitter conversion mainly comprises the following steps: calculating distorted voltage waveform, windowing harmonic signals, performing discrete Fourier transform and dual-spectral-line interpolation FFT operation, and solving the correction of fundamental frequency, fundamental wave, harmonic amplitude and phase angle;
wherein the voltage waveform for the distortion is calculated as follows:
in the formula: u (t) is the distorted voltageWaveform, f is fundamental frequency, h is harmonic order, U h Is the amplitude of the h-th harmonic,
the harmonic phase angle is h, and p is the maximum harmonic number contained in the waveform;
the voltage waveform is sampled as follows:
in the formula: f. of s Is the sampling frequency, and N is the sampling data length;
wherein, the harmonic signal windowing calculation is as follows:
in the formula: m is the number of phases in the window, a m Is a constant coefficient of a window function;
the discrete Fourier transform and the double-spectral-line interpolation FFT operation are as follows:
in the formula:
is the frequency interval, k is the serial number of smoking frequency, C is a complex constant,
is the number W of windows n A spectral function of (a);
wherein, the fundamental frequency is calculated as follows:
wherein, the correction calculation of the fundamental wave, the harmonic amplitude and the phase angle is as follows:
preferably, the performing analog-to-digital conversion on the frequency variation specifically includes:
carrying out digital processing on the analog signal through a digital-to-analog converter;
sampling and quantizing the analog signal with a sampling rate much greater than the nyquist frequency, and outputting a digital bit stream of one bit;
a digital filter is adopted to filter quantization noise existing in analog-to-digital conversion;
and carrying out downsampling on the data bit stream to obtain a final quantization result.
In any analog-to-digital converter, an error introduced by quantization noise is one of main reasons for restricting the conversion precision of the analog-to-digital converter, the analog-to-digital converter adopts a noise shaping technology in order to reduce the quantization error and achieve the purpose of improving the conversion precision, and in order to better explain the noise shaping, the following calculation formula is introduced for explanation:
assuming a quantization noise source N s Let a noise source N s =0, have
Obtaining a transfer function of the input signal:
let the input signal X again s =0, have
Obtaining a transfer function of quantization noise:
from the above analysis results, the analog-to-digital converter is a low-pass filter for the input signal and a high-pass filter for the noise, and by using the different transmission characteristics of the analog-to-digital converter for the two different signals, the analog-to-digital converter oversamples the measured signal at a sampling rate much greater than the nyquist frequency, so that the spectrum structure of the noise is changed, and as a result, the frequency range of the noise distribution is enlarged, but the amplitude is reduced, and most of the quantization noise is pushed to the high-frequency part because the analog-to-digital converter is equivalent to a high-pass filter for the quantization noise; therefore, the quantization noise power in the bandwidth of the converted signal can be greatly reduced, while the quantization noise distributed outside the bandwidth can be filtered by the digital low-pass filter, and the analog-to-digital converter changes the quantization noise frequency spectrum by utilizing oversampling and the transmission characteristic thereof, so that the quantization noise of the whole system is reduced, and the process of improving the conversion precision is called as noise shaping; it is worth noting that noise shaping does not change the total quantization noise power, but changes its energy distribution in the frequency domain.
Preferably, the transmitting the analog-to-digital conversion result to the rotation speed display specifically includes:
the rotating speed of the steam turbine after the analog-to-digital conversion is calculated by adopting a rotating speed measuring formula,
wherein, the rotating speed measurement formula is as follows:
in the formula: n is the speed of the secondary exciter, f is the frequency obtained in the above process, and p is the pole pair number of the stator;
and transmitting the calculated rotating speed value to a rotating speed display through a telecommunication network channel, and storing the partial data into a cloud network platform.
A computer apparatus comprising a memory having computer readable instructions stored therein and a processor that implements the steps of a non-conventional turbine speed measurement method when executing the computer readable instructions.
A computer readable storage medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of a non-conventional method of measuring turbine rotational speed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the characteristic that the steam turbine rotor, the generator rotor, the main exciter rotor and the auxiliary exciter rotor of the old steam turbine generator are all coaxial, and the auxiliary exciter is a permanent magnet rotor, and can generate auxiliary excitation voltage by self excitation while the steam turbine rotor rotates, the change frequency of the voltage changes along with the difference of the number of pole pairs of the exciter and the difference of the rotating speed of the rotor, and the faster the rotating speed of the rotor is, the higher the phase change frequency of the excitation voltage is; at the moment, the frequency change of the voltage at the output end of the auxiliary exciter of the self-excited generator is measured, the frequency is converted into standard direct current voltage or direct current which is output according to linear proportion through a frequency transmitter, and the measurement of the rotating speed of the steam turbine in an unconventional mode can be realized after the standard direct current voltage or the direct current is processed through an analog-digital conversion device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of a method for measuring the rotational speed of a non-conventional steam turbine according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device of an unconventional method for measuring the rotating speed of a steam turbine according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-2, an unconventional method for measuring the rotational speed of a steam turbine includes the following steps:
s1, acquiring the voltage of the output end of an auxiliary exciter of a real-time self-excited generator, and specifically comprising the following steps:
the voltage measuring instrument is connected to a terminal of the output end of the auxiliary exciter of the self-excited generator, and the auxiliary exciter is a permanent magnet rotor, so that the auxiliary exciter can generate auxiliary excitation voltage in a self-excited mode while the turbine rotor rotates, and therefore real-time voltage of the output end of the auxiliary exciter when the self-excited generator rotates can be obtained through the voltage measuring instrument.
S2, acquiring the frequency change condition of the voltage at the output end of the auxiliary exciter, and specifically comprising the following steps:
inputting the voltage of the output end of the auxiliary exciter acquired in real time to a voltage-frequency converter, and converting a voltage signal into a frequency signal by using the voltage-frequency converter; and the change frequency of the voltage changes along with the difference of the number of pole pairs of the exciter and the difference of the rotor rotating speed, and the faster the rotor rotating speed is, the higher the phase change frequency of the exciting voltage is.
S3, converting the frequency into a standard direct-current voltage output according to a linear proportion, and specifically comprising the following steps:
converting the frequency signal into standard direct current voltage which is output according to linear proportion by a frequency transmitter;
the calculation method for frequency transmitter conversion mainly comprises the following steps: calculating the distorted voltage waveform, windowing harmonic signals, performing discrete Fourier transform and double-spectral-line interpolation FFT operation, and solving the correction of fundamental frequency, fundamental wave and harmonic amplitude and phase angle;
wherein the voltage waveform for the distortion is calculated as follows:
in the formula: u (t) is the distorted voltage waveform, f is the fundamental frequency, h is the harmonic order, U h Is the amplitude of the h-th harmonic,
the harmonic phase angle is h, and p is the maximum harmonic number contained in the waveform;
the voltage waveform is sampled as follows:
in the formula: f. of s Is the sampling frequency, N is the sampling data length;
wherein, the harmonic signal windowing calculation is as follows:
in the formula: m is the number of window phases, a m Is a constant coefficient of a window function;
the discrete Fourier transform and the double-spectral-line interpolation FFT operation are as follows:
in the formula:
is the frequency interval, k is the serial number of smoking frequency, C is a complex constant,
is the number W of windows n A spectral function of (a);
wherein, the fundamental frequency is calculated as follows:
wherein, the correction calculation of the fundamental wave, the harmonic amplitude and the phase angle is as follows:
the interpolation FFT harmonic phasor calculation method based on the Rife-Vincent window provides a calculation formula of frequency, amplitude and phase angle, can reduce the influence of frequency spectrum leakage on signal analysis, reduces mutual interference among harmonics, improves the signal analysis precision, and realizes accurate analysis and calculation of complex harmonic signal phasors.
S4, performing analog-to-digital conversion on the frequency change, and specifically comprising the following steps:
carrying out digital processing on the analog signal through a digital-to-analog converter;
sampling and quantizing the analog signal by using a sampling rate far greater than the Nyquist frequency, and outputting a digital bit stream of one bit;
a digital filter is adopted to filter quantization noise existing in analog-to-digital conversion;
and carrying out downsampling on the data bit stream to obtain a final quantization result.
In any analog-to-digital converter, an error introduced by quantization noise is one of main reasons for restricting the conversion precision of the analog-to-digital converter, the analog-to-digital converter adopts a noise shaping technology for reducing the quantization error and achieving the purpose of improving the conversion precision, and in order to better explain the noise shaping, the following calculation formula is introduced for explanation:
assuming a quantization noise source N s Let a noise source N s =0, have
Obtaining a transfer function of the input signal:
let the input signal X again s =0, have
Obtaining a transfer function of quantization noise:
from the above analysis results, the analog-to-digital converter is a low-pass filter for the input signal and a high-pass filter for the noise, and by using the different transmission characteristics of the analog-to-digital converter for the two different signals, the analog-to-digital converter oversamples the measured signal at a sampling rate much greater than the nyquist frequency, so that the spectrum structure of the noise is changed, and as a result, the frequency range of the noise distribution is enlarged, but the amplitude is reduced, and most of the quantization noise is pushed to the high-frequency part because the analog-to-digital converter is equivalent to a high-pass filter for the quantization noise; therefore, the quantization noise power in the bandwidth of the converted signal can be greatly reduced, while the quantization noise distributed outside the bandwidth can be filtered by the digital low-pass filter, and the analog-to-digital converter changes the quantization noise frequency spectrum by utilizing oversampling and the transmission characteristic thereof, so that the quantization noise of the whole system is reduced, and the process of improving the conversion precision is called as noise shaping; it is worth noting that noise shaping does not change the total quantization noise power, but changes its energy distribution in the frequency domain.
The analog-to-digital converter has high conversion precision and cost performance, is convenient to use, can improve the performance of the whole system by using the analog-to-digital converter, and provides a plurality of convenience for hardware design and debugging of the system.
S5, transmitting the analog-to-digital conversion result to a rotating speed display, and specifically comprising the following steps:
the rotating speed of the steam turbine after the analog-to-digital conversion is calculated by adopting a rotating speed measuring formula,
wherein, the rotating speed measurement formula is as follows:
in the formula: n is the speed of the secondary exciter, f is the frequency obtained in the above process, and p is the pole pair number of the stator;
where the real-time frequency f of the secondary exciter voltage is obtained by measurement, and the number of pole pairs p of the secondary exciter is a known quantity.
And transmitting the calculated rotating speed value to a rotating speed display through a telecommunication network channel, and storing the partial data into a cloud network platform.
A computer apparatus comprising a memory having computer readable instructions stored therein and a processor that when executed perform the steps of a non-conventional method of measuring turbine speed.
A computer readable storage medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of a non-conventional method of measuring turbine rotational speed.
The invention utilizes the characteristic that the steam turbine rotor, the generator rotor, the main exciter rotor and the auxiliary exciter rotor of the old steam turbine generator are all coaxial, and the auxiliary exciter is a permanent magnet rotor and can generate auxiliary excitation voltage by self excitation while the steam turbine rotor rotates, the change frequency of the voltage changes along with the difference of the number of pole pairs of the exciter and the difference of the rotating speed of the rotor, and the faster the rotating speed of the rotor is, the higher the phase change frequency of the excitation voltage is; at the moment, the frequency change of the voltage at the output end of the auxiliary exciter of the self-excited generator is measured, the frequency is converted into standard direct current voltage or direct current which is output according to linear proportion through a frequency transmitter, and the measurement of the rotating speed of the steam turbine in an unconventional mode can be realized after the standard direct current voltage or the direct current is processed through an analog-digital conversion device.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An unconventional method for measuring the rotating speed of a steam turbine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring the output end voltage of an auxiliary exciter of the real-time self-excited generator;
acquiring the frequency change condition of the voltage at the output end of the auxiliary exciter;
converting the frequency into a standard direct current voltage which is output according to a linear proportion;
performing analog-to-digital conversion on the frequency change;
and transmitting the analog-to-digital conversion result to a rotating speed display.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining the voltage at the output end of the secondary exciter of the real-time self-excited generator specifically comprises:
the voltage measuring instrument is connected to a terminal of the output end of the auxiliary exciter of the self-excited generator, and the auxiliary exciter is a permanent magnet rotor, so that the auxiliary exciter can generate auxiliary excitation voltage in a self-excited mode while the turbine rotor rotates, and therefore real-time voltage of the output end of the auxiliary exciter when the self-excited generator rotates can be obtained through the voltage measuring instrument.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the frequency change of the voltage at the output of the secondary exciter specifically comprises:
inputting the voltage of the output end of the auxiliary exciter acquired in real time to a voltage-frequency converter, and converting a voltage signal into a frequency signal by using the voltage-frequency converter; and the change frequency of the voltage changes along with the difference of the number of pole pairs of the exciter and the difference of the rotor rotating speed, and the faster the rotor rotating speed is, the higher the phase change frequency of the exciting voltage is.
4. The method for measuring the rotating speed of the steam turbine according to claim 1, wherein the step of converting the frequency into the standard direct voltage which is output in a linear proportion comprises the following steps:
converting the frequency signal into standard direct current voltage which is output according to linear proportion by a frequency transmitter;
the calculation method for frequency transmitter conversion mainly comprises the following steps: calculating the distorted voltage waveform, windowing harmonic signals, performing discrete Fourier transform and double-spectral-line interpolation FFT operation, and solving the correction of fundamental frequency, fundamental wave and harmonic amplitude and phase angle;
wherein the voltage waveform for the distortion is calculated as follows:
in the formula: u (t) is the distorted voltage waveform, f is the fundamental frequency, h is the harmonic order, U h Is the amplitude of the h-th harmonic,
the phase angle is h harmonic, and p is the maximum harmonic number contained in the waveform;
the voltage waveform is sampled as follows:
in the formula: f. of s Is the sampling frequency, and N is the sampling data length;
wherein, the harmonic signal windowing calculation is as follows:
in the formula: m is the number of window phases, a m Is a constant coefficient of the window function;
the discrete Fourier transform and the double-spectral-line interpolation FFT operation are as follows:
in the formula:
is a frequency interval, k is a smoke frequency number, C is a complex constant,
is the number W of windows n A spectral function of (a);
wherein, the fundamental frequency is calculated as follows:
wherein, the correction calculation of the fundamental wave, the harmonic amplitude and the phase angle is as follows:
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein the performing an analog-to-digital conversion of the frequency change comprises:
carrying out digital processing on the analog signal through a digital-to-analog converter;
sampling and quantizing the analog signal with a sampling rate much greater than the nyquist frequency, and outputting a digital bit stream of one bit;
a digital filter is adopted to filter quantization noise existing in analog-to-digital conversion;
and carrying out downsampling on the data bit stream to obtain a final quantization result.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of transmitting the analog-to-digital conversion result to a rotation speed display comprises:
the rotating speed of the steam turbine after the analog-to-digital conversion is calculated by adopting a rotating speed measuring formula,
wherein, the rotating speed measurement formula is as follows:
in the formula: n is the speed of the secondary exciter, f is the frequency obtained in the above process, and p is the pole pair number of the stator;
and transmitting the calculated rotating speed value to a rotating speed display through a telecommunication network channel, and storing the partial data into a cloud network platform.
7. A computer apparatus comprising a memory having computer readable instructions stored therein and a processor that when executed performs the steps of the unconventional method of measuring rotational speed of a steam turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. A computer readable storage medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a processor, perform the steps of the unconventional steam turbine speed measurement method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116950729A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-10-27 | 华能山东发电有限公司烟台发电厂 | Turbine blade fault detection method and system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116950729A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-10-27 | 华能山东发电有限公司烟台发电厂 | Turbine blade fault detection method and system |
| CN116950729B (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2024-02-27 | 华能山东发电有限公司烟台发电厂 | Turbine blade fault detection method and system |
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