CN115288684A - Downward segmented filling mining method suitable for thick, large and broken ore bodies - Google Patents

Downward segmented filling mining method suitable for thick, large and broken ore bodies Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115288684A
CN115288684A CN202210788065.1A CN202210788065A CN115288684A CN 115288684 A CN115288684 A CN 115288684A CN 202210788065 A CN202210788065 A CN 202210788065A CN 115288684 A CN115288684 A CN 115288684A
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ore
stope
mining
filling
roadway
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刘育明
陈小伟
梁新民
王志远
夏长念
吴昊燕
李�浩
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China ENFI Engineering Corp
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China ENFI Engineering Corp
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E21F15/005Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material

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  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a downward segmented filling mining method suitable for thick and large, safe and efficient stoping of broken ore bodies, a stope is arranged in a vertical direction, and medium-length hole rock drilling and blasting are adopted, so that the blasting efficiency can be effectively improved, the mining cost is reduced, the production capacity of the stope is improved, and the method is more suitable for mining operation by adopting automatic mining equipment; in addition, personnel and equipment operate in a relatively stable rock drilling roadway without entering a goaf, and safety can be guaranteed. The invention has the characteristics of safety, economy and high efficiency, particularly has obvious economic benefit when low-grade and high-value strategic resources are mined, and can provide reference for mining body mining under similar mining technical conditions.

Description

Downward segmented filling mining method suitable for thick, large and broken ore bodies
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a downward segmented filling mining method suitable for thick and large broken ore bodies.
Background
For thick and large ore bodies with high ground stress and soft broken ore rocks, as the mining technical conditions are complex and the large deformation control difficulty of the soft surrounding rocks is large, in order to ensure the mining safety, a downward layered approach cemented filling mining method or a downward hexagonal approach cemented filling mining method is generally adopted for mines, the mining sequence from top to bottom is adopted, workers operate under the protection of artificial false roofs, and the exposed area of an approach stope is reduced to prevent the instability damage of the stope.
Fig. 1a to 1c are schematic diagrams of a conventional downward layered access type cemented filling mining method, as shown in fig. 1a to 1c, 1' is a slope dividing way, 2' is a sectional communicating way, 3' is a sectional way, 4' is a chute, 5' is a chute communicating way, 6' is a layered communicating way, 7' is a layered way, 8' is a footwall lean ore, 9' is a return air filling small well, 10' is an access, 11' is a vein penetrating filling return air duct, 12' is a footwall vein filling return air duct, 13' is an upper middle-section vein-following conveying way, 14' is a vein penetrating ore discharging way, and 15' is an upper and lower vein-following conveying way.
However, the mining method generally has the defects of frequent mining and filling operation conversion, low unit mining strength, poor operation safety, high supporting cost, high management difficulty and the like, and when low-grade ore bodies are mined, the mining method has poor economic benefit and is easy to cause serious waste of mineral resources.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a new safe, efficient, and low-cost mining process to recover such resources.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a downward sublevel filling mining method suitable for thick and large broken ore bodies, which is arranged in a vertical ore body trend of a stope, and adopts medium-length hole drilling and blasting to reduce mining cost and improve stope production capacity.
The invention provides a downward sublevel filling mining method suitable for thick, large and broken ore bodies, which comprises the following five stages:
a panel and stope arrangement stage; the middle section adopts a top-down stoping sequence, and the stoping work of each section is carried out under the protection of the artificial false roof of the last section; and during the middle section stoping, dividing the stope into panels along the trend of the ore body, and dividing the panels into two-step stopes of an ore room and an ore pillar;
a mining preparation and cutting engineering stage; arranging mining preparation projects according to the stability degree of the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower trays;
drilling, ventilating and ore removal stages; the method comprises the following steps that a medium-length hole drilling trolley is used for drilling an upward fan-shaped medium-length hole in the rock drilling process, fresh air flow after blasting is pressed into a stope through a local fan, and blasted ores are concentrated at the bottom of the stope for ore removal;
a stope supporting stage, which is used for supporting the stope roof during ore removal;
and a stope filling stage, which is used for respectively filling the stope and the ore pillar by adopting cemented filling materials after the stope is mined.
The method comprises the following steps of firstly forming a top control layer by using a route filling method during middle section stoping, arranging a route along the trend of an ore body, supporting a top plate of the top control layer by using an anchor-shotcrete net, and paving ribs on a bottom plate.
Wherein, the selectable scheme is that the stope adopts a flat-bottom structure without a top column and a bottom column.
According to the optional scheme, the lower part of the top control layer is divided into panels at intervals of preset distance along the direction of an ore body, and the panels are used as mining units to organize production; the ore room and the ore pillar are arranged perpendicular to the direction of the ore body and are arranged in a staggered way with the top control layer; the length of the stope is the thickness of an ore body, and the stope room is firstly stoped, and then the ore pillar is stoped.
The mining preparation engineering is arranged on the upper wall of the ore body when the lower wall surrounding rock is broken and the upper wall surrounding rock is stable; and when the footwall surrounding rock is stable, arranging the mining preparation project on the footwall of the ore body.
The method comprises the following steps of selecting a mining preparation project, wherein the mining preparation project comprises a mining preparation slope ramp, a subsection roadway, an ore removal roadway and a rock drilling roadway; the sublevel roadway is communicated with the mining preparation slope way up and down through the mining preparation slope way, and the ore removal roadway and the rock drilling roadway are tunneled from the sublevel roadway to an ore body; the cutting project comprises cutting a patio.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) performing groove broaching and medium-length hole broaching on the end part of the rock drilling roadway by taking the cutting raise as a free face, performing fractional blasting, and performing retreat type recovery; after centralized blasting ore breaking, fresh air flows through the mining preparation slope way and the ventilation raise to enter each subsection roadway and the rock drilling roadway, the fresh air flows are pressed into a stope through a local fan, and then dirty air is discharged to an air return roadway through an air return raise arranged outside the stope; and concentrating the exploded ore at the bottom of the stope by using a scraper or an automatic scraper, discharging the ore into an ore pass outside the vein, and lowering the ore into a middle-section haulage roadway.
In the stope supporting stage, the rock drilling roadway and the sectional roadway are supported by using an anchor-spraying net, and a local crushing place is supported by using an anchor-spraying net and an anchor rope in a combined manner.
In the stope filling stage, the filling slurry concentration of the cemented filling material filling the lower parts of the stope and the ore pillar is 70-82%, and the ratio of ash to sand is 1; the concentration of filling slurry of the cemented filling material filling the upper part of the ore pillar is 70-82%, and the ash-sand ratio is 1.
Optionally, in the stope filling stage, when the length of the stope exceeds 50m, the cemented filling operation is performed in a partition filling manner.
By utilizing the downward segmented filling mining method suitable for thick, large and broken ore bodies, and through a downward segmented filling method arranged in a vertical direction, the medium-length hole rock drilling blasting is adopted, so that the blasting efficiency can be effectively improved, the mining cost is reduced, the stope production capacity is improved, and the method is more suitable for mining construction by adopting automatic mining equipment; in addition, personnel and equipment operate in a relatively stable rock drilling roadway without entering a goaf, and safety can be guaranteed. The downward segmented filling mining method suitable for the thick and large crushed ore bodies has the characteristics of safety, economy and high efficiency, particularly has obvious economic benefit when strategic resources with low grade and high value are mined, and can provide reference for mining of ore bodies with similar mining technical conditions.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects of the invention comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the invention. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed. Further, the present invention is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.
Drawings
Other objects and results of the present invention will become more apparent and readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
FIGS. 1a to 1c are schematic views of a conventional downward stratified-access type cemented filling mining method;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method of down-cut block and fill mining for thick, broken-up ore bodies, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
3 a-3 c are schematic views of a down cut and fill mining method with a stoping project arranged on the upper tray, according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4a to 4c are schematic diagrams of a downward sublevel cut-and-fill mining method when a stoping project is arranged on a footwall according to an embodiment of the invention.
The same reference numbers in all figures indicate similar or corresponding features or functions.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be evident, however, that such embodiment(s) may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing one or more embodiments.
Aiming at the problems commonly existing in the existing mining method, the invention provides a downward segmented filling mining method which is arranged in a vertical direction and is suitable for thick and broken ore bodies. Wherein, the middle section adopts a stoping sequence from top to bottom, and the stoping work of each section is carried out under the protection of the artificial roof of the last section; dividing the ore body into panels along the direction of the ore body, and dividing the panels into two-step stopes of an ore room and an ore pillar; and the medium-length hole drilling is stably adopted, so that the mining cost is reduced, and the production capacity of a stope is improved.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of a downward block cut and fill mining method suitable for thick and broken ore bodies according to an embodiment of the invention, fig. 3a to 3c show schematic diagrams of the downward block cut and fill mining method when a stoping project is arranged on an upper tray according to the invention, and fig. 4a to 4c are schematic diagrams of the downward block cut and fill mining method when the stoping project is arranged on a lower tray according to the embodiment of the invention. In fig. 3a to 3c and fig. 4a to 4c, 1 is an anchor rod, 2 is an anchor net, 3 is an artificial false bottom control top layer, 4 is an ore body, 5 is a rock drilling roadway, 6 is a cutting raise, 7 is a segmentation roadway, 8 is a mine removal roadway, 9 is a middle section transportation roadway, 10 is a mining slope ramp, 11 is an ore pass, 12 is a ventilation raise, 13 is a filling tie ramp, 14 is a low-strength filling body, 15 is a high-strength filling body, and 16 is a blast hole.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 3a to fig. 3c and fig. 4a to fig. 4c, the present embodiment provides a downward sublevel filling mining method suitable for thick and large broken ore bodies, which mainly includes the following five stages:
s110: a panel arrangement and stope stage; the middle section adopts a top-down stoping sequence, and the stoping work of each section is carried out under the protection of the artificial false roof of the last section; and when the middle section is stoped, the stope is divided into panels along the trend of the ore body, and the panels are divided into two-step stopes of ore rooms and ore pillars.
Specifically, as an example, during the middle-section extraction, a top control layer is formed by using a route filling method, the route is arranged along the trend of the ore body, the size of the route can be set to be width =5m × 4m according to the specific condition of the ore body, a top plate of the top control layer is supported by an anchor net 2, and an anchor rod 1 is laid on a bottom plate to serve as an anchor bar of the anchor net, so that a reliable artificial bottom control layer 3 is formed. The lower part of the artificial bottom control top layer 3 can be divided into a disc area at intervals of preset distance (such as 100 m) along the running direction of the ore body 4, and the disc area is taken as a recovery unit to organize production. The interior of each panel area is divided into a stope (shown as A in figures 3a to 3c and 4a to 4 c) and a pillar (shown as B in figures 3a to 3c and 4a to 4 c); the ore rooms and the ore pillars are arranged perpendicular to the trend of the ore body and are arranged in a staggered manner with the top control layer, so that the stability of the artificial roof is improved; the width of the stope is 10 m-12 m, the length of the stope is the thickness of an ore body, and in the stope stoping process, stopes are stoped firstly, and then stopes are stoped.
S120: a mining preparation and cutting engineering stage; and arranging mining preparation projects according to the stability degree of the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower walls.
Specifically, as an example, when the lower wall rock is broken and the upper wall rock is stable, the preparation project may be arranged on the upper wall of the ore body, as shown in fig. 3a to 3 c; when the surrounding rock of the footwall is relatively stable, the mining preparation project is usually arranged on the footwall of the ore body, as shown in the attached figures 4a to 4 c.
In the embodiment, the mining preparation project mainly comprises a mining preparation slope ramp 10, a sectional roadway 7, an ore removal roadway 8, a rock drilling roadway 5, an ore chute 11, a filling connecting roadway 13, a ventilation patio 12 and the like, wherein the ventilation patio comprises an air inlet patio and an air return patio. The cutting work includes cutting the patio 6. The sublevel roadway 7 is communicated with the upper part and the lower part through a mining-preparation slope ramp 10, and an ore removal roadway 8 and a rock drilling roadway 5 are tunneled from the sublevel roadway 7 to an ore body. The stope adopts a flat-bottom structure without a top column and a bottom column.
S130: drilling, ventilating and ore removal stages; the method comprises the following steps that a medium-length hole drilling jumbo is used for drilling upward sector medium-length holes as blast holes 16, fresh air flow after blasting is pressed into a stope through a local fan, and ores after blasting are concentrated at the bottom of the stope for ore removal.
Specifically, as an example, a medium-length hole drilling jumbo is adopted to drill an upward fan-shaped medium-length hole, a slot is broached at the end part of a rock drilling roadway 5 by taking a cutting raise 6 as a free surface to serve as a blast hole 16, and the step blasting and the retreat type stoping are carried out. In the process of fractional blasting, 3-4 rows of blasting are carried out each time, emulsion explosives are filled in a charging trolley, and a non-electric blasting system is used for detonation.
After centralized blasting ore breaking, fresh air flows through a mining standard slope 10 and an air inlet raise to enter each subsection roadway 7 and a rock drilling roadway 5, then is pressed into a stope through a local fan, and then is discharged to an air return roadway through an air return raise arranged outside the veins. The exploded ore can be collected at the bottom of the stope by a scraper or an automatic scraper, and discharged into an ore pass 11 outside the vein and then placed into a middle section haulage roadway 9.
S140: and a stope supporting stage, which is used for supporting the stope roof during ore removal.
The support treatment of the stope can be flexibly treated according to the specific stope conditions, for example, the anchor-spraying net support is adopted in a rock drilling roadway and a subsection roadway, and the anchor-spraying net and anchor rope combined support is adopted in a local crushing place. In addition, it should be noted that during ore removal, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the top plate of the stope and strictly implement the management measures of forced mining, forced discharging and forced charging so as to reduce the exposure time of the top plate and prevent the top plate from collapsing and increase the ore depletion rate.
S150: and a stope filling stage, which is used for respectively filling the stope and the ore pillar by adopting cemented filling materials after the stope is mined.
And immediately carrying out filling preparation and filling work after ore removal of the stope is finished. The strength of the filling material can be determined according to a specific filling position, and by way of example, in the embodiment, a high-strength filling body 15 (filling slurry concentration is 78%, and a sand-lime ratio is 1; for the ore pillar, the ore pillar is filled in two sections, and is used as a false roof of the lower section, the lower section is filled with high-strength (filling slurry concentration is 78%, sand-lime ratio is 1.
In another embodiment of the invention, a high-strength (filling slurry concentration is 75%, ash-sand ratio is 1; for the ore pillar, two-section filling is performed, and as a false roof of the lower section, the lower section is filled with high-strength (filling slurry concentration is 75%, sand-lime ratio is 1.
The concentration of the paste filling slurry and the ratio of the ash to the sand used for filling the chambers and pillars in the panel may be adjusted by a filling test according to actual needs in the field, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Generally, the filling slurry concentration is 70% -82%, the sand-lime ratio of the high-strength cemented filling material is 1.
When the length of the stope exceeds 50m, a partition filling mode can be adopted, the phenomenon that the exposed area is too large is avoided, and the instability risk of the stope is reduced.
The method of the present invention for down-cut sublevel filling mining of a thick, fragmented ore body suitable for use with a steep dip thick ore body, the angle of inclination of the ore body, in accordance with the present invention, is described above with reference to the accompanying drawings
Figure BDA0003732338500000061
Is positioned at 30-90 degrees, and the thickness of the ore body is more than 20m.
In addition, the mining sequence in the mining process by applying the invention can be determined according to the stability of the top and the bottom of the ore body, and is not limited to the mining sequence mode described in the above embodiment. For example, when the top plate is broken, a mining sequence from top to bottom is adopted; when the top plate is stable, a bottom-up stoping sequence can be adopted.
In addition, the middle section height, the subsection height, the width and the height of the ore room and the ore pillar in the embodiment of the invention can be optimized and adjusted according to the production current situation of the mine and the actually disclosed rock mass quality index, and are not limited to the structural parameters in the attached drawings. The height of the middle section is 60-100 m, the height of the subsection is 15-30 m, and the width of the chamber and the pillar is 10-20 m.
According to the embodiment, the downward segmented filling mining method provided by the invention is applied to mining thick and large and broken ore bodies, and is suitable for adopting automatic mining equipment; the stope layout of the invention uses the bionics principle for reference, and the stope filled with the cemented filling body is in a honeycomb-shaped close staggered layout, thus effectively improving the stability of the whole ore block; personnel and equipment operate in a relatively stable rock drilling roadway without entering a goaf, and safety can be guaranteed. The high-efficiency mining process provided by the invention fully combines the advantages of a caving method, a filling method and an open stope method, has the characteristics of safety, economy and high efficiency, particularly has obvious economic benefit when strategic resources with low grade and high value are mined, and can provide reference for mining under similar mining technical conditions.
A method of down-cut-and-fill mining adapted for use with thick, fragmented ore bodies according to the invention is described above by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to the method of the invention as described above for use in down-cut sublevel filling mining of large, fragmented ore bodies without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be determined by the contents of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A downward sublevel cut-and-fill mining method suitable for thick and large broken ore bodies is characterized by comprising the following five stages:
a panel and stope arrangement stage; the middle section adopts a top-down stoping sequence, and the stoping work of each section is carried out under the protection of the artificial false roof of the last section; and when the middle section is stoped, dividing the stope into panels along the trend of the ore body, and dividing the panels into two-step stopes of a stope room and a stope pillar;
a mining preparation and cutting engineering stage; wherein, the mining preparation project is arranged according to the stability degree of the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower walls;
drilling, ventilating and ore removal stages; the method comprises the following steps that a medium-length hole drilling trolley is used for drilling an upward fan-shaped medium-length hole, a fresh air flow after blasting is pressed into a stope through a local fan, and ores after blasting are concentrated at the bottom of the stope for ore removal;
a stope supporting stage, which is used for supporting the stope roof during ore removal;
and a stope filling stage, which is used for respectively filling the stope and the ore pillar by adopting cemented filling materials after the stope is mined.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein during the mid-section extraction, the top control layer is formed by using an access filling method, the access is arranged along the trend of the ore body, the top plate of the top control layer is supported by using an anchor-jet net, and the bottom plate is provided with ribs.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the stope is of a flat-bottomed construction without roof and sill pillars.
4. The method of cut-and-fill mining of thick, broken ore bodies according to claim 2, wherein the lower part of the top control layer is divided into panels at intervals of a preset distance along the direction of the ore body, and the panels are used for organizing the production of the mining units; the ore rooms and the ore pillars are arranged perpendicular to the trend of the ore body and are staggered with the top control layer; the length of the stope is the thickness of an ore body, and the stope room is stoped firstly, and then the ore pillar is stoped.
5. A method of cut-and-fill mining in a downward direction for thick, fragmented ore bodies according to claim 4,
when the lower wall surrounding rock is broken and the upper wall surrounding rock is stable, arranging the mining preparation project on the upper wall of the ore body;
and when the footwall surrounding rock is stable, arranging the mining preparation project on the footwall of the ore body.
6. The method of downward cut-and-fill mining of thick, broken-up ore bodies according to claim 4,
the mining preparation engineering comprises a mining preparation slope ramp, a subsection roadway, a mine removal roadway and a rock drilling roadway; the sublevel roadway is communicated with the mining preparation slope way up and down through the mining preparation slope way, and the ore removal roadway and the rock drilling roadway are tunneled from the sublevel roadway to an ore body;
the cutting project comprises cutting a patio.
7. The method of downward cut-and-fill mining of thick, broken-up ore bodies according to claim 6,
drawing a groove medium-length hole at the end part of the rock drilling roadway by taking the cutting raise as a free surface, blasting for multiple times, and performing retreat type recovery;
after centralized blasting ore breaking, fresh air flows through the mining preparation ramp and the ventilation raise to enter each subsection roadway and the rock drilling roadway, the fresh air flows are pressed into a stope through a local fan, and then dirty air is discharged to an air return roadway through an air return raise arranged outside the veins;
and concentrating the exploded ore at the bottom of the stope by using a scraper or an automatic scraper, discharging the ore into an ore pass outside the vein, and lowering the ore into a middle-section haulage roadway.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein in the stope support stage, the rock drilling roadway and the sublevel roadway are supported by using a shotcrete net, and a local crushing place is supported by using a shotcrete net and an anchor rope in combination.
9. The method of downward block cut mining for thick, broken ore bodies according to claim 8, characterized in that, in the stope filling phase,
the concentration of filling slurry for filling the cementing filling materials at the lower parts of the ore room and the ore pillar is 70-82%, and the ratio of ash to sand is 1; the concentration of filling slurry of the cemented filling material filling the upper part of the ore pillar is 70-82%, and the ash-sand ratio is 1.
10. The method of downward segmented cut-and-fill mining of claim 9, characterized in that, in the stope filling phase, when the length of the stope exceeds 50m, the cemented filling operation is performed by means of zone filling.
CN202210788065.1A 2022-07-06 2022-07-06 Downward segmented filling mining method suitable for thick, large and broken ore bodies Pending CN115288684A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116892391A (en) * 2023-05-11 2023-10-17 山东黄金矿业(莱州)有限公司三山岛金矿 Medium-length hole mining method for inclined thick and large crushed ore body

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116892391A (en) * 2023-05-11 2023-10-17 山东黄金矿业(莱州)有限公司三山岛金矿 Medium-length hole mining method for inclined thick and large crushed ore body
CN116892391B (en) * 2023-05-11 2024-05-03 山东黄金矿业(莱州)有限公司三山岛金矿 Medium-length hole mining method for inclined thick and large crushed ore body

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