CN115287440A - Heat treatment process of novel high-speed steel roll collar casting - Google Patents

Heat treatment process of novel high-speed steel roll collar casting Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115287440A
CN115287440A CN202211050439.6A CN202211050439A CN115287440A CN 115287440 A CN115287440 A CN 115287440A CN 202211050439 A CN202211050439 A CN 202211050439A CN 115287440 A CN115287440 A CN 115287440A
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roll collar
temperature
furnace
speed steel
casting
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Inventor
陶国斌
何玉平
史承海
邵觉敏
余中伙
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Maanshan Fangyuan Material Engineering Co ltd
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Maanshan Fangyuan Material Engineering Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
    • B21B27/02—Shape or construction of rolls
    • B21B27/024—Rolls for bars, rods, rounds, tubes, wire or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/04—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of shallow solid or hollow bodies, e.g. wheels or rings, in moulds rotating around their axis of symmetry
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
    • C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/56—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat treatment process of a novel high-speed steel roll collar casting, belonging to the heat treatment process of a roll collar, comprising smelting; molding by adopting a high-speed centrifugal casting method, wherein the rotation number of a centrifugal machine is 720-1200 rpm; annealing: the annealing process of the high-speed steel roll collar casting comprises the following steps: 860 to 910 ℃, preserving heat for 3 to 5 hours, cooling the furnace to 730 to 770 ℃, preserving heat for 3 to 5 hours, cooling the furnace to 350 ℃, discharging the furnace for air cooling, and ensuring that the hardness of the roller ring is 230 to 250HB after annealing; quenching: placing the high-speed steel roll collar casting in a 45KW box type resistance furnace for heating, and controlling the quenching temperature to be 1150-1200 ℃; air cooling: discharging the roll collar from the furnace, placing the roll collar in an air cooling box machine to move at a low speed, slowing the temperature reduction to below 700 ℃, placing the roll collar in a tempering furnace to cool the roll collar to below 400 ℃, discharging the roll collar from the furnace, and air cooling the roll collar to room temperature; tempering: the high-speed steel roll collar casting is placed in a tempering furnace, tempered at 520-550 ℃ and repeated for 2-4 times. The invention provides a continuous sectional cooling mode for optimizing a high-speed steel roll collar casting.

Description

Heat treatment process of novel high-speed steel roll collar casting
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a roll collar heat treatment process, and particularly relates to a heat treatment process of a novel high-speed steel roll collar casting.
Background
Hot rolling is an important process in the steel industry, and hot rolls are key tools in hot rolling production and must be able to withstand the effects of considerable forces and heat. In addition to good fracture resistance, the surface should also have good wear and heat resistance properties, not only because the rolls are closely related to the cost of the product, but also directly determine the quality of the hot rolled product and the operating rate of the hot rolling mill.
The roll manufacturing process is continuously improved and developed from common integral casting to flushing pouring and centrifugal composite casting, and the roll is changed from a general type to a combined type, namely formed by sleeving a roll collar and a mandrel, so that the strength of a roll neck can be improved, the mandrel can be reused, and the cost of the roll can be reduced.
At present, the roll collar mainly uses an alloy cast iron roll collar and a hard alloy roll collar, and the alloy cast iron roll collar has high strength and good toughness, but has low hardness, poor red hardness and low wear resistance. The hard alloy roll collar has the advantages of high hardness, good wear resistance and the like, but has large brittleness, and is easy to peel and crack in use.
Secondly, the cooling device for the pre-finishing roller box of the reference CN202121977621.7 is usually vertical cooling, and the cooling device sprays cooling water while rotating to rapidly cool the roller box, and is not beneficial to the natural growth of crystals due to the short-time sudden temperature drop, and the common air cooling is to separately cool a single roller ring or also adopts vertical cooling, but the high-temperature feeding arbitrarily needs manual feeding, and is more difficult to process the roller ring with large volume.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a continuous sectional cooling mode to optimize the high-speed steel roll collar casting.
In order to solve the technical problems, the inventor obtains the technical scheme of the invention through practice and summary, and the invention discloses a heat treatment process of a novel high-speed steel roll collar casting, which comprises the following process steps:
smelting: in the smelting process, high-speed steel waste, scrap steel, pig iron, ferromolybdenum and ferrotungsten are added firstly, ferrochromium is added after molten steel is melted down, ferroniobium and ferrovanadium are added before the molten steel is taken out of a furnace, and then silicon calcium powder is used for diffusion deoxidation of the molten steel:
molding by adopting a high-speed centrifugal casting method, wherein the rotation number of a centrifugal machine is 720-1200 rpm;
in the tapping process, when 40-60% of molten steel is tapped, adding a sodium-potassium composite modifier;
controlling the mass percentages of all elements of the high-speed steel roll collar: c: 1.6-1.9%, less than or equal to 0.8% of Si, less than or equal to 1.0% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.025% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, W:5.0 to 8.0%, nb:0.5 to 2.5%, cr:4.0 to 8.0%, V:3.5 to 8.0%, mo:5.0 to 8.0%, ni:0.5 to 2.0%, K:0.05 to 0.1%, na:0.06 to 0.15 percent, and the balance of Fe;
the reason why the above elements are set is as follows:
carbon: the addition of C element not only ensures that enough carbide is formed with carbide forming elements such as W, mo and Cr, but also has a certain amount of carbon dissolved into high-temperature austenite, so that high-hardness martensite is obtained after the roll collar is quenched, but the content is too high, the number of carbide is increased, and the brittleness is increased. The content of C% is controlled to be 1.6-1.9% by comprehensive consideration.
Chromium, vanadium, molybdenum: cr is mainly added to the depth of a hardening layer in high-speed steel, the content of Cr is generally about 4 percent, and the content of Cr is controlled to be 4.0 to 8.0 percent according to the condition of a scrap returns. The V content in the steel is increased, the wear resistance is improved, but the V content is too high, the cost of the roll collar is increased, and therefore, the V content is controlled to be 3.5-8.0%. When nickel and molybdenum are used simultaneously, the quenching hardness and wear resistance of the roll body are improved, the depth of a quenching hardening layer is increased, and the hardness drop of the roll body is reduced. The molybdenum increases hardenability, hot hardness and hot strength, prevents temper brittleness, improves magnetism and the like, and the content of the molybdenum is controlled to be 5.0-8.0%. The nickel and chromium have little influence on the plasticity and toughness of the semi-steel roll during strengthening, and the nickel content is controlled to be 0.5-2.0%.
Tungsten: w can form carbide in steel and is partially dissolved in solid solution, so that the tempering stability of the steel is improved. Mo is similar to W in structure and physical properties and can be replaced by 1% by weight, 1% by weight of Mo can be replaced by 1.6% to 2.0% by weight of W, the nonuniformity of the carbide of the Mo-containing high-speed steel is remarkably superior to that of the tungsten-based high-speed steel, the red hardness of the Mo-based high-speed steel is lower than that of the tungsten-based high-speed steel, but the bending strength and impact toughness are remarkably superior to those of the W-based high-speed steel. Therefore, the W content is controlled to 5.0 to 8.0% and the Mo content is controlled to 5.0 to 8.0%.
Niobium: the centrifugal casting method is adopted to manufacture the high-speed steel roll collar, so that the casting defects such as compact structure, shrinkage cavity, looseness, air holes and the like are obviously reduced. However, fromHigh-speed steel contains a large amount of alloying elements such as W, cr, mo, and V, and the density of these elements is greatly different: w (19300 kg/m) 3 )、Mo(10000kg/m 3 )、Cr(7100kg/m 3 )、V(6000kg/m 3 )、Fe(7860kg/m 3 ). The high-speed steel roll collar is produced by a common centrifugal casting method, and elements are easy to generate segregation to seriously affect the quality of the roll collar. Therefore, the addition of the niobium element leads to the formation of V, mo and Nb series carbides, and the density of the carbides is close to that of molten steel, so that VC is reduced, the carbide segregation of the centrifugal casting high-speed steel is effectively controlled, and the wear resistance of the high-speed steel roll is improved.
Sodium and potassium: K. na can reduce the primary crystal crystallization temperature and the eutectic crystallization temperature of high-speed steel, the primary crystal crystallization temperature and the eutectic crystallization temperature are reduced, the supercooling of molten steel in a liquidus line and a eutectic area is facilitated, the crystallization supercooling degree of alloy is increased, and the nucleation rate is greatly increased. Therefore, K and Na increase primary austenite nuclei to refine primary austenite, and the refinement of primary austenite increases the tendency of separating residual molten steel from each other during eutectic reaction, thereby refining the eutectic structure. In addition, K and Na are selectively adsorbed on the surface of the eutectic carbide in the preferred growth direction during the eutectic crystallization to form an adsorption film, so that Fe, W, mo, cr, C and other atoms in the molten steel are prevented from growing into the eutectic carbide crystals, the growth speed of the eutectic carbide in the preferred direction is reduced, the growth in the direction is slowed, and the eutectic carbide is changed into an irregular block. The refinement of primary austenite and the improvement of the form of eutectic carbide are beneficial to greatly improving the mechanical property, especially the impact toughness of high-speed steel. K. The Na addition is too small, so that the performance of the high-speed steel is not greatly influenced; too much addition results in an increase in the number of inclusions in the alloy and also in an adverse effect on the mechanical properties. Comprehensively considering, the residual content of K is controlled to be 0.05-0.1%, and the residual content of Na is controlled to be 0.06-0.15%.
Manganese and phosphorus are self-contained elements of the steel plate, and the manganese deoxidizes and removes sulfur elements, so that cold cracks can be generated when the manganese is excessive, the mass ratio of Mn is less than or equal to 1.0 percent, the phosphorus can cause the cold brittleness of the steel to be increased, and the mass ratio of P is less than or equal to 0.025 percent. The silicon is used as a deoxidizer in smelting, and the limited content of Si is less than or equal to 0.8 percent.
Annealing: the annealing process of the high-speed steel roll collar casting comprises the following steps: 860-910 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, cooling the furnace to 730-770 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, cooling the furnace to 350 ℃, discharging the furnace for air cooling, and annealing the roll collar with the hardness of 230-250 HB to achieve better machining performance;
quenching: placing the high-speed steel roll collar casting in a 45KW box type resistance furnace for heating, and controlling the quenching temperature to be 1150-1200 ℃; in order to avoid the too fast temperature rise, the temperature is kept at 660-680 ℃ for 40 minutes;
air cooling: discharging the roll collar from the furnace, placing the roll collar in an air cooling box machine to move at a low speed, slowing the temperature reduction to below 700 ℃, placing the roll collar in a tempering furnace to cool the roll collar to below 400 ℃, discharging the roll collar from the furnace, and air cooling the roll collar to room temperature;
secondary tempering: the high-speed steel roll collar casting is placed in a tempering furnace, tempering is carried out at the temperature of 520-550 ℃, and the tempering is repeated for 2-4 times, so that the Rockwell hardness of the roll collar can be obtained and is more than HRC 64.
In a further technical scheme, in the air cooling step, the air cooling box machine comprises a main body frame, wherein a continuous transmission roller shaft is arranged on the main body frame and is suitable for being installed on the main body frame, a sectional type box body is arranged on the main body frame, a temperature interval and temperature detection equipment are arranged in the sectional type box body, and the temperature detection equipment is suitable for detecting the temperature in the sectional type box body.
In a further technical scheme, the main part frame is installed the support frame outward, install driving motor on the support frame, the speed reducer is installed to driving motor's output, the speed reducer is suitable for to connect on the transmission roller axle and is suitable for the rotation of drive transmission roller axle.
In a further technical scheme, an air source is arranged outside the air box cooling machine, and the output end of the air source is connected with a main pipeline;
the air cooling box machine comprises a first area, a second area and a third area, wherein the temperatures of the first area are different from each other, and the temperature T1 of the first area is as follows: 580 to 660 ℃; the temperature T2 of the second area is 520-580 ℃; the temperature T3 of the third area is 400-520 ℃;
specifically, the temperature range refers to the qualified standard temperature of the digital infrared temperature sensor, when the temperature reaches the standard, an output signal is given and transmitted to the control part, the control part can refer to the single chip microcomputer/PLC, the control part is used for processing the output signal, and the output motor is controlled to achieve the rotating effect of the baffle.
Spraying expansion pieces are arranged on the corresponding first area, the corresponding second area and the corresponding third area, and the spraying expansion pieces are suitable for cooling the roll collar;
the side end of the air box cooler is downward opened at each area.
In a further technical scheme, the spraying telescopic piece comprises an air cylinder, a branch pipeline is installed outside the air cylinder and connected with the air cylinder, a transmission rod is arranged at the output end of the air cylinder in a downward direction and is installed, a fixed plate is installed on one side, back to the air cylinder, of the transmission rod, a pneumatic nozzle is installed at the bottom of the fixed plate and is suitable for cooling the surface of the roll collar;
and a digital infrared temperature sensor is arranged on the fixing plate and is suitable for detecting the surface temperature of the roll collar.
In a further technical scheme, the inner wall of the air-cooling box machine is coated with a high-temperature resistant material; a gap is formed between every two adjacent transmission roller shafts and is suitable for being inserted with a baffle, an output motor is installed at the bottom of the baffle, a driving gear is installed at the output end of the output motor, the driving gear is an incomplete gear, a moving plate is installed outside the driving gear, a gear groove is formed in the moving plate, the gear groove is in an annular runway shape and is provided with a tooth-shaped part, and the tooth-shaped part is meshed with the driving gear;
a limiting plate is arranged outside the movable plate, the limiting plate is fixedly arranged on the main body frame, two groups of ear plates which are vertically distributed are arranged on the limiting plate, and the baffle plate is suitable for penetrating through the ear plates;
and a baffle is arranged at the top of the moving plate, and the thickness and the length of the baffle are smaller than the gaps between the adjacent transmission roller shafts.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:
the invention firstly adds K and Na to reduce the primary crystal crystallization temperature and the eutectic crystallization temperature of the high-speed steel, and the primary crystal crystallization temperature and the eutectic crystallization temperature are reduced, which is beneficial to the supercooling of molten steel in a liquidus line and an eutectic area, and the crystallization supercooling degree of alloy is increased, so that the nucleation rate is greatly increased. Therefore, K and Na increase primary austenite nuclei to refine primary austenite, and the refinement of primary austenite increases the tendency of separating residual molten steel from each other during eutectic reaction, thereby refining the eutectic structure. In addition, K and Na are selectively adsorbed on the surface of the eutectic carbide in the preferred growth direction during the eutectic crystallization to form an adsorption film, so that Fe, W, mo, cr, C and other atoms in the molten steel are prevented from growing into the eutectic carbide crystals, the growth speed of the eutectic carbide in the preferred direction is reduced, the growth in the direction is slowed, and the eutectic carbide is changed into irregular lumps. The refinement of primary austenite and the improvement of the form of eutectic carbide are beneficial to the mechanical property of high-speed steel.
Secondly, the invention adopts a continuous temperature cooling mode, and adopts air cooling to rapidly cool the roll collar instead of water cooling, which is beneficial to protecting the metal performance of the roll collar; through continuous equipment cooling, the raw materials which are manually heated and cooled by water are prevented from being taken and placed, and production accidents and the labor intensity of production personnel are reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a temperature profile of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of temper hardness according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the air cooling apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the air cooling apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the air cooling apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the moving plate of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a limiting plate of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a main body frame; 2. a drive roll shaft; 3. a support frame; 4. a drive motor; 5. a speed reducer; 6. a source of wind; 7. a main pipeline; 8. a first area; 9. a second area; 10. a third area; 11. a roll collar; 12. a top cover; 13. a cylinder; 14. a branch pipeline; 15. a fixing plate; 16. a pneumatic nozzle; 17. a digital infrared temperature sensor; 18. a baffle plate; 19. an output motor; 20. a driving gear; 21. moving the plate; 22. a limiting plate; 23. an ear plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The application of the principles of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A heat treatment process of a novel high-speed steel roll collar casting comprises the following process steps:
smelting: during the smelting process, high-speed steel waste, scrap steel, pig iron, ferromolybdenum and ferrotungsten are added firstly, ferrochromium is added after molten steel is completely melted down, ferroniobium and ferrovanadium are added before the molten steel is discharged, the temperature is raised to 1560-1660 ℃ after the components are adjusted to be qualified in front of the furnace, and then silicon calcium powder is used for diffusion deoxidation of the molten steel:
in the tapping process, when 40-60% of molten steel is tapped, adding a sodium-potassium composite modifier;
molding by adopting a high-speed centrifugal casting method, wherein the rotation speed of a centrifugal machine is 500-1200 rpm;
controlling the mass percentages of all elements of the high-speed steel roll collar as follows: c: 1.6-1.9%, si is less than or equal to 0.8%, mn is less than or equal to 1.0%, P is less than or equal to 0.025%, S is less than or equal to 0.025%, W:5.0 to 8.0%, nb:0.5 to 2.5%, cr:4.0 to 8.0%, V:3.5 to 8.0%, mo:5.0 to 8.0%, ni:0.5 to 2.0%, K:0.05 to 0.1%, na:0.06 to 0.15 percent, and the balance of Fe;
and (3) annealing: the annealing process of the high-speed steel roll collar casting comprises the following steps: 860-910 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, cooling the furnace to 730-770 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, cooling the furnace to 350 ℃, discharging the furnace for air cooling, and obtaining the roller ring with the hardness of 230-250 HB after annealing, thereby having better machining performance;
quenching: placing the high-speed steel roll collar casting in a 45KW box type resistance furnace for heating, and controlling the quenching temperature to be 1150-1200 ℃; in order to avoid the too fast temperature rise, the temperature is kept at 660-680 ℃ for 40 minutes; the high-speed steel roll collar heat treatment is carried out in a 45kW box type resistance furnace. The quenching temperature of the roll collar is controlled to be 1150-1200 ℃, in order to ensure that the roll collar does not crack in the quenching process, the common quenching cooling mode adopts water mist blowing cooling, but the strength does not reach the standard due to rapid water spraying cooling.
The influence of the tempering temperature on the hardness of the high-speed steel roll collar is researched, and the hardness of the high-speed steel roll collar is obviously improved after one-time tempering treatment, so that the actual heat treatment process of the roll collar is as follows: (1150-1200) DEG C for (3-4) h, and the heat preservation is carried out for 40 minutes in the midway at 660-680 ℃, so that the better metal performance can be kept.
Air cooling: discharging the roll collar from the furnace, placing the roll collar in an air cooling box machine to move at a low speed, slowing the temperature reduction to below 700 ℃, placing the roll collar in a tempering furnace to cool the roll collar to below 400 ℃, discharging the roll collar from the furnace, and air cooling the roll collar to room temperature;
secondary tempering: the high-speed steel roll collar casting is placed in a tempering furnace, tempering is carried out at the temperature of 520-550 ℃, and the tempering is repeated for 2-4 times, so that the Rockwell hardness of the roll collar can be obtained and is more than HRC 64.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in another embodiment of the present invention, in the air cooling step, the air cooler includes a main body frame 1, a continuous transmission roller shaft 2 is disposed on the main body frame 1, the transmission roller shaft 2 is adapted to be mounted on the main body frame 1, a sectional type box is disposed on the main body frame 1, a temperature interval and a temperature detection device are disposed in the sectional type box, and the temperature detection device is adapted to detect a temperature in the sectional type box.
In a further technical scheme, main part frame 1 installs support frame 3 outward, install driving motor 4 on the support frame 3, speed reducer 5 is installed to driving motor 4's output, speed reducer 5 is suitable for to connect on driving roller axle 2 and is suitable for driving roller axle 2 and rotates.
In a further technical scheme, an air source 6 is arranged outside the air box cooling machine, and the output end of the air source 6 is connected with a main pipeline 7;
the air cooling box machine comprises a first area 8, a second area 9 and a third area 10 which are different in temperature, wherein the temperature T1 of the first area 8 is as follows: 580 to 660 ℃; the temperature T2 of the second area 9 is 520-580 ℃; the temperature T3 of the third zone 10 is 400-520 ℃;
spraying expansion pieces are arranged on the corresponding first region 8, the corresponding second region 9 and the corresponding third region 10 and are suitable for cooling the roller ring 11;
the present invention should produce a size of phi 350/phi 200 x 150mm for a common roll collar 11.
The air-cooling box machine includes a top cover 12, and the side ends of the top cover 12 are open downward at each region.
In a further technical scheme, the spraying telescopic part comprises an air cylinder 13, a branch pipeline 14 is installed outside the air cylinder 13, the branch pipeline 14 is connected with the air cylinder 13, the output end of the air cylinder 13 is downwards provided and provided with a transmission rod, one side of the transmission rod, which is back to the air cylinder, is provided with a fixing plate 15, the bottom of the fixing plate 15 is provided with a pneumatic nozzle 16, and the pneumatic nozzle 16 is suitable for cooling the surface of the roll collar 11;
and a digital infrared temperature sensor 17 is arranged on the fixing plate 15, and the digital infrared temperature sensor 17 is suitable for detecting the surface temperature of the roll collar 11.
In a further technical scheme, the inner wall of the air-cooling box machine is coated with a high-temperature resistant material; a gap is formed between every two adjacent transmission roll shafts 2 and is suitable for being inserted with a baffle 18, an output motor 19 is installed at the bottom of the baffle 18, a driving gear 20 is installed at the output end of the output motor 19, the driving gear 20 is an incomplete gear, a moving plate 21 is installed outside the driving gear 20, a gear groove is formed in the moving plate 21, the gear groove is in an annular runway shape and is provided with a tooth-shaped part, and the tooth-shaped part is meshed with the driving gear 20;
a limiting plate 22 is arranged outside the moving plate 21, the limiting plate 22 is fixedly arranged on the main body frame 1, and two groups of ear plates 23 which are vertically distributed are arranged on the limiting plate 22;
the top of the moving plate 21 is provided with a baffle 18, the baffle 18 is suitable for penetrating through the ear plate 23, and the thickness and the length of the baffle 18 are both smaller than the gap between the adjacent transmission roller shafts 2.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (6)

1. A heat treatment process for a novel high-speed steel roll collar casting is characterized by comprising the following process steps:
smelting: during the smelting process, high-speed steel waste, scrap steel, pig iron, ferromolybdenum and ferrotungsten are added firstly, ferrochromium is added after molten steel is melted down, ferroniobium and ferrovanadium are added before the molten steel is taken out of a furnace, the temperature is raised to 1560-1660 ℃ after the components are adjusted to be qualified in front of the furnace, and then silicon calcium powder is used for diffusion deoxidation of the molten steel:
in the tapping process, when 40-60% of molten steel is tapped, adding a sodium-potassium composite modifier;
molding by adopting a high-speed centrifugal casting method, wherein the rotation speed of a centrifugal machine is 500-1200 rpm;
controlling the mass percentages of all elements of the high-speed steel roll collar: c: 1.6-1.9%, si is less than or equal to 0.8%, mn is less than or equal to 1.0%, P is less than or equal to 0.025%, S is less than or equal to 0.025%, W:5.0 to 8.0%, nb:0.5 to 2.5%, cr:4.0 to 8.0%, V:3.5 to 8.0%, mo:5.0 to 8.0%, ni:0.5 to 2.0%, K:0.05 to 0.1%, na:0.06 to 0.15 percent, and the balance of Fe;
annealing: the annealing process of the high-speed steel roll collar casting comprises the following steps: 860-910 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, cooling the furnace to 730-770 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, cooling the furnace to 350 ℃, discharging the furnace for air cooling, and annealing the roll collar with the hardness of 230-250 HB to achieve better machining performance;
quenching: placing the high-speed steel roll ring casting in a 45KW box type resistance furnace for heating, and controlling the quenching temperature to be 1150-1200 ℃; in order to avoid the too fast temperature rise, the temperature is kept for 40 minutes at 660-680 ℃;
air cooling: discharging the roll collar from the furnace, placing the roll collar in an air cooling box machine to move at a low speed, slowing the temperature reduction to below 700 ℃, placing the roll collar in a tempering furnace to cool the roll collar to below 400 ℃, discharging the roll collar from the furnace, and air cooling the roll collar to room temperature;
tempering: the high-speed steel roll collar casting is placed in a tempering furnace, tempered at the temperature of 520-550 ℃, repeated for 2-4 times, and the Rockwell hardness of the roll collar can be obtained to be more than HRC 64.
2. The heat treatment process of the novel high-speed steel roll collar casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the air cooling step, the air cooling box machine comprises a main body frame, a continuous transmission roller shaft is arranged on the main body frame and is suitable for being installed on the main body frame, a sectional type box body is arranged on the main body frame, a temperature interval and temperature detection equipment are arranged in the sectional type box body, and the temperature detection equipment is suitable for detecting the temperature in the sectional type box body.
3. The heat treatment process of the novel high-speed steel roll collar casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main part frame installs the support frame outward, install driving motor on the support frame, the speed reducer is installed to driving motor's output, the speed reducer is suitable for to connect on the driving roller axle and is suitable for the rotation of drive driving roller axle.
4. The heat treatment process of the novel high-speed steel roll collar casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: an air source is arranged outside the air cooler box machine, and the output end of the air source is connected with a main pipeline;
the air cooling box machine comprises a first area, a second area and a third area, wherein the first area is different in temperature, and the temperature T1 of the first area is as follows: 580 to 660 ℃; the temperature T2 of the second area is 520-580 ℃; the temperature T3 of the third area is 400-520 ℃;
spraying expansion pieces are installed on the corresponding first area, the corresponding second area and the corresponding third area, and the spraying expansion pieces are suitable for cooling the roll collar;
the side end of the air box cooler is downward opened at each area.
5. The heat treatment process of the novel high-speed steel roll collar casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spraying telescopic piece comprises an air cylinder, a branch pipeline is arranged outside the air cylinder and connected with the air cylinder, the output end of the air cylinder is downwards provided with a transmission rod, one side of the transmission rod, which is back to the air cylinder, is provided with a fixed plate, the bottom of the fixed plate is provided with a pneumatic nozzle, and the pneumatic nozzle is suitable for cooling the surface of the roll collar;
and a digital infrared temperature sensor is arranged on the fixing plate and is suitable for detecting the surface temperature of the roll collar.
6. The heat treatment process of the novel high-speed steel roll collar casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner wall of the air cooler box machine is coated with a high-temperature resistant material;
a gap is formed between every two adjacent transmission roller shafts and is suitable for being inserted with a baffle, an output motor is installed at the bottom of the baffle, a driving gear is installed at the output end of the output motor, the driving gear is an incomplete gear, a moving plate is installed outside the driving gear, a gear groove is formed in the moving plate, the gear groove is in an annular runway shape and is provided with a tooth-shaped part, and the tooth-shaped part is meshed with the driving gear;
a limiting plate is arranged outside the movable plate, the limiting plate is fixedly arranged on the main body frame, two groups of ear plates which are vertically distributed are arranged on the limiting plate, and the upper end and the lower end of the movable plate are respectively provided with a baffle and are arranged in the ear plates;
the top of the moving plate is provided with a baffle, and the thickness and the length of the baffle are both smaller than the gap between the adjacent transmission roller shafts.
CN202211050439.6A 2022-08-31 2022-08-31 Heat treatment process of novel high-speed steel roll collar casting Pending CN115287440A (en)

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