CN115283593B - Forming method of aluminum forging of generator oil tank frame - Google Patents
Forming method of aluminum forging of generator oil tank frame Download PDFInfo
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- CN115283593B CN115283593B CN202210995811.4A CN202210995811A CN115283593B CN 115283593 B CN115283593 B CN 115283593B CN 202210995811 A CN202210995811 A CN 202210995811A CN 115283593 B CN115283593 B CN 115283593B
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 255
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 255
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- PGTXKIZLOWULDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Zn] Chemical group [Mg].[Zn] PGTXKIZLOWULDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D43/00—Mechanical cleaning, e.g. skimming of molten metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/04—Obtaining zinc by distilling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/30—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide from metallic residues or scraps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0084—Obtaining aluminium melting and handling molten aluminium
- C22B21/0092—Remelting scrap, skimmings or any secondary source aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
- C22B21/062—Obtaining aluminium refining using salt or fluxing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
- C22B9/106—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents the refining being obtained by intimately mixing the molten metal with a molten salt or slag
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a forming method of an aluminum forging of an oil tank frame of a generator, which comprises the following steps: s1, designing a drawing, and cutting raw materials; s2, heating the cut aluminum forging raw material before forging; s3, adding a deslagging agent into the aluminum melting solution to realize impurity removal operation; s4, cooling and forming the aluminum solution, and then heating again; s5, forging the heated aluminum block; s6, returning the aluminum material to the furnace for heating; s7, heating, solid solution and quenching the aluminum material; according to the invention, the size of the aluminum forging is determined by designing the drawing of the aluminum forging, so that the simultaneous forging treatment of a plurality of groups of aluminum materials is realized, the impurities in the aluminum materials are removed, the impurity content is reduced, the purity of the aluminum materials is effectively improved, the forging treatment of the aluminum materials is realized, the strength of the aluminum materials is improved, the rapid quenching is realized, and the strength of the aluminum materials is improved through the multi-stage continuous heating treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum forgings, in particular to a forming method of an aluminum forgings of an oil tank frame of a generator.
Background
Forging is a process of applying pressure to a metal blank by forging machinery to plastically deform the metal blank, thereby obtaining a forged piece having certain mechanical properties, one of two main components of forging (forging and stamping). The forging can eliminate the defects of cast loosening and the like generated in the smelting process of the metal, optimize the microstructure structure of the metal, and simultaneously maintain the complete metal streamline, so that the mechanical property of the forging is generally superior to that of the same material. Forging is a processing method in which a forging hammer or a press applies pressure to an aluminum ingot or a forging stock through a hammer or a ram, so that plastic deformation of metal is generated.
When forging the aluminum forging, the inside of aluminum material contains a large amount of impurity, when not removing the impurity, causes the performance reduction of aluminum forging easily, just so need carry out the edulcoration operation when the aluminum forging carries out forging for impurity content in the aluminum forging reduces, and current aluminum forging can't realize carrying out the forging processing of simultaneous multiple volume to the aluminum forging when carrying out the preparation, make the preparation efficiency of aluminum forging lower, and can not realize carrying out accurate follow-up forging processing and accurate control temperature regulation scheduling problem to the aluminum forging.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects, the invention provides a forming method of an aluminum forging of an oil tank frame of a generator, which aims to solve the problems that when the aluminum forging is forged, a large amount of impurities are contained in an aluminum material, and when the impurities are not removed, the performance of the aluminum forging is easy to be reduced, so that impurity removal operation is needed when the aluminum forging is forged, the impurity content in the aluminum forging is reduced, and the simultaneous large amount of forging treatment on the aluminum forging cannot be realized when the aluminum forging is prepared, so that the preparation efficiency of the aluminum forging is lower, the accurate subsequent forging treatment on the aluminum forging cannot be realized, the accurate temperature control and the like.
The invention is realized in the following way:
The invention provides a forming method of an aluminum forging of an oil tank frame of a generator, which comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a drawing, and cutting raw materials: according to the size of the generator oil box frame, drawing design is carried out on the aluminum forging, and the raw materials of the aluminum forging are cut according to the size of the drawing;
s2, heating the cut aluminum forging raw material before forging: heating the cut aluminum forging, and melting the raw materials of the aluminum forging in a high-temperature melting furnace to enable the raw materials of the aluminum forging to be in a molten state;
S3, adding a deslagging agent into the aluminum molten solution to realize impurity removal operation: adding magnesium, zinc or mercury into the molten aluminum solution to remove iron, silicon and other impurities in the aluminum, and then removing the added metal by a vacuum distillation method, thereby removing the original magnesium and zinc impurities in the aluminum solution;
S4, cooling and molding the aluminum solution, and then heating again: cooling and molding the aluminum solution from which the impurities are taken out, then putting the aluminum block into a high-temperature melting furnace again for heating treatment, heating the aluminum block to 400+/-50 ℃, preserving heat at 260 ℃ for 10 hours, and discharging;
S5, forging the heated aluminum block: forging the heated aluminum block on a forging press, performing operation by adopting a three-drawing three-pier method, expanding the aluminum block to form a sheet, enabling the thickness to be 0.3-1.2cm greater than the thickness of a workpiece, and then cutting the forged aluminum block;
s6, returning the aluminum material to the furnace for heating: after cutting, returning the aluminum material to a furnace for heating, and then adopting manual forging to enable the aluminum material to be formed, so that the aluminum material meets the shape requirement of an aluminum forging piece and meets the size requirement, and then carrying out hot pressing punching and bending molding;
S7, carrying out heating solid solution quenching treatment on the aluminum material: the aluminum forging is heated to a higher temperature and kept for a certain time, so that a second phase or other soluble components in the material are fully dissolved into an aluminum matrix to form a supersaturated solid solution, and then the supersaturated solid solution is kept to room temperature by a rapid cooling method to finish the quenching treatment.
In one embodiment of the invention, the raw material cutting in the step S1 is performed according to the size of the design drawing, the weight of the aluminum material is calculated according to the length, width and thickness of the drawing and the density of aluminum, and the weight of the aluminum material is multiplied according to the aluminum material in a single piece, so that the aluminum material can forge the raw materials of a plurality of aluminum forgings at one time, and the production efficiency is improved.
In one embodiment of the invention, the high temperature melting furnace in S2 adopts sectional heating during heating, the high temperature melting furnace is firstly heated to 380-420 ℃ rapidly, the aluminum material is kept at the temperature for 1-1.5h, then the heating is continuously carried out to 660-700 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 1-2h, and the aluminum solution is stirred.
In one embodiment of the invention, the stirring is performed by driving the stirring rod by the servo motor, the stirring speed of the servo motor is 30r/min-40r/min, so that the aluminum solution can be uniformly dissolved, and the crucible containing the aluminum solution is stirred open, so that air can be introduced into the aluminum solution when the aluminum solution is stirred, oxygen can be introduced into the aluminum solution, and zinc impurities in the aluminum solution are oxidized and separated out.
In one embodiment of the invention, the deslagging agent in the step S3 is magnesium-zinc mixed metal powder, the particle diameter of the mixed metal powder is 0.2-0.5mm, 0.1 gram of mixed metal powder is added to each gram of aluminum, and the mixing ratio of magnesium to zinc is 1:1.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the vacuum distillation method in S3 is controlled at a vacuum degree of 15 Pa, a distillation temperature of 1053K and a distillation time of 30min, and in order to implement rapid vacuum distillation, a stirring mechanism is used to stir and accelerate the vacuum distillation speed, and the rotation speed of the stirring mechanism is 50r/min-80r/min.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cooling and molding of the aluminum solution in S4 is performed by using a rectangular container, and when the cooling and molding of the aluminum solution are performed, a vacuum air extraction method is used, so that bubbles cannot remain in the aluminum solution when the cooling and molding are performed, and when the vacuum air extraction method is used for air extraction, the air pressure is controlled to be 20 Pa, the temperature is continuously and slowly cooled, the temperature is continuously reduced to 20 ℃ from 100 ℃, and the duration is controlled to be 30-40min.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the forging press in S5 is a medium-pressure forging press, the pressure of the medium-pressure forging press is 3MN-160MN, the operation sequence of the three-drawing three-pier is upsetting-drawing-upsetting, and when the three-drawing three-pier operation is performed, a molding frame is placed on the medium-pressure forging press to prevent the excessive forging of the aluminum material and cause thickness dimension deviation, and the cutting of the aluminum material is to cut the aluminum material into single aluminum forged pieces.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the furnace returning heating in S6 is a stage continuous heating, that is, the temperature of the heating furnace is heated from 200 ℃ to 250 ℃, 300 ℃,350 ℃ and 400 ℃, the heating duration of the temperature section before 300 ℃ is controlled to be 10-20min, the heating duration of the temperature section after 350 ℃ is controlled to be 30-60min, and the heating duration includes 300 ℃ and 350 ℃ respectively, and the hot press punching and the bending molding are performed according to the requirements set by the drawing.
In one embodiment of the invention, the quenching solution adopted by S7 solution quenching is water, and the cooling capacity is adjusted by adding a water solution of the polyethylene alcohol into the water, the solution quenching is performed at the temperature of 50-85 ℃, the quenching cooling speed is more than 50 ℃/S, and in order to ensure the quenching cooling uniformity, a compressed air pipe is arranged in a quenching water tank so as to be stirred, and meanwhile, the aluminum product is properly swung after entering the water tank.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the forming method of the aluminum forging of the generator oil tank frame, which is obtained through the design, before the aluminum forging is prepared, the size of the aluminum forging is determined through designing the drawing of the aluminum forging, then the amount of the aluminum material is determined according to the size, then the multiple cutting is realized, the forging treatment of multiple groups of aluminum materials is realized, the preparation efficiency of the aluminum forging is improved, impurities in the aluminum materials are removed before forging, the strength of the aluminum materials is effectively improved, the impurity content is reduced, according to the removal flow, magnesium and zinc impurities in the aluminum materials are removed, then the magnesium and zinc impurities in the aluminum materials and magnesium and zinc metals remained when the iron impurities are removed are realized through a vacuum distillation method, the purity of the aluminum materials is effectively improved, the forging treatment of the aluminum materials is realized, the strength of the aluminum materials is improved through multi-stage continuous heating treatment, and the rapid quenching is realized, and the strength of the aluminum materials is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some examples of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a step flow structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive faculty, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a forming method of an aluminum forging of an oil tank frame of a generator comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a drawing, and cutting raw materials: according to the size of the generator oil box frame, drawing design is carried out on the aluminum forging, and the raw materials of the aluminum forging are cut according to the size of the drawing;
s2, heating the cut aluminum forging raw material before forging: heating the cut aluminum forging, and melting the raw materials of the aluminum forging in a high-temperature melting furnace to enable the raw materials of the aluminum forging to be in a molten state;
S3, adding a deslagging agent into the aluminum molten solution to realize impurity removal operation: adding magnesium, zinc or mercury into the molten aluminum solution to remove iron, silicon and other impurities in the aluminum, and then removing the added metal by a vacuum distillation method, thereby removing the original magnesium and zinc impurities in the aluminum solution;
S4, cooling and molding the aluminum solution, and then heating again: cooling and molding the aluminum solution from which the impurities are taken out, then putting the aluminum block into a high-temperature melting furnace again for heating treatment, heating the aluminum block to 400+/-50 ℃, preserving heat at 260 ℃ for 10 hours, and discharging;
S5, forging the heated aluminum block: forging the heated aluminum block on a forging press, performing operation by adopting a three-drawing three-pier method, expanding the aluminum block to form a sheet, enabling the thickness to be 0.3-1.2cm greater than the thickness of a workpiece, and then cutting the forged aluminum block;
s6, returning the aluminum material to the furnace for heating: after cutting, returning the aluminum material to a furnace for heating, and then adopting manual forging to enable the aluminum material to be formed, so that the aluminum material meets the shape requirement of an aluminum forging piece and meets the size requirement, and then carrying out hot pressing punching and bending molding;
S7, carrying out heating solid solution quenching treatment on the aluminum material: the aluminum forging is heated to a higher temperature and kept for a certain time, so that a second phase or other soluble components in the material are fully dissolved into an aluminum matrix to form a supersaturated solid solution, and then the supersaturated solid solution is kept to room temperature by a rapid cooling method to finish the quenching treatment.
In this embodiment, preferably, the raw materials in S1 are cut according to the size of the design drawing, the weight of the aluminum material needs to be calculated according to the length, width and thickness of the drawing and the density of aluminum, and the weight of the aluminum material is multiplied according to the aluminum material in a single piece, so that the aluminum material can forge the raw materials of a plurality of aluminum forgings once, the production efficiency is improved, the accuracy of the aluminum material in cutting can be improved through the design of the drawing, the simultaneous forging treatment of a plurality of aluminum forgings can be realized, and the efficiency is improved.
In this embodiment, preferably, the high-temperature melting furnace in S2 adopts sectional heating, the high-temperature melting furnace is first heated to 380-420 ℃ rapidly, the aluminum material is kept at the temperature for 1-1.5h, then is continuously heated to 660-700 ℃, and then is kept at the temperature for 1-2h, and the aluminum solution is stirred, so that the particle residue of the aluminum forging can be effectively reduced and the melting effect of the aluminum material can be improved when the aluminum forging is heated in a sectional heating mode.
In this embodiment, preferably, the stirring is performed by driving the stirring rod by the servo motor, and the stirring speed of the servo motor is 30r/min-40r/min, so that the aluminum solution can be uniformly dissolved, and the crucible in which the aluminum solution is placed is open to be stirred, so that air can enter the aluminum solution when the aluminum solution is stirred, oxygen enters the aluminum solution, zinc impurities in the aluminum solution are oxidized and separated out, and the stirring operation in the stirring operation is mainly performed for realizing mixing of the aluminum melt, so that the melting state is effectively improved, and the residues of particles are prevented.
In this embodiment, preferably, the deslagging agent in S3 is magnesium-zinc mixed metal powder, the particle diameter of the mixed metal powder is 0.2-0.5mm, and the content of the mixed metal powder is 0.1 gram of mixed metal powder added into each gram of aluminum, and the mixing ratio of magnesium to zinc is 1:1.
In this embodiment, preferably, the vacuum distillation method in S3 is controlled at a vacuum degree of 15 Pa, a distillation temperature of 1053K and a distillation time of 30 min, and in order to implement rapid vacuum distillation, a stirring mechanism is used to stir and accelerate the vacuum distillation speed, and the rotation speed of the stirring mechanism is 50r/min-80r/min, where the vacuum distillation method can implement removal of magnesium-zinc impurities in the aluminum melt, and improve purity in the aluminum melt.
In this embodiment, preferably, the cooling forming of the aluminum solution in S4 is performed by using a rectangular container, and when the cooling forming of the aluminum solution is performed, a vacuum air extraction method is used, so that bubbles are not remained in the aluminum solution during the cooling forming, and when the vacuum air extraction method is used for air extraction, the air pressure is controlled to be 20 Pa, the temperature is continuously and slowly cooled from 100 ℃ to 20 ℃, and the time is controlled to be 30-40min, so that bubbles are not existed in the aluminum forging, the strength of the aluminum forging is improved, and slow cooling forming is realized.
In this embodiment, preferably, the forging press in S5 is a medium-pressure forging press, the pressure of the medium-pressure forging press is 3MN-160MN, the operation sequence of three-drawing-upsetting is upsetting, and when three-drawing-upsetting is performed, a plastic frame is placed on the medium-pressure forging press to prevent excessive forging of aluminum material and thickness dimension deviation, and the aluminum material is cut into single aluminum forgings, because the strength of the aluminum forgings is reduced, the medium-pressure forging press can be used for effectively realizing forging treatment on the aluminum forgings, and the plastic frame can be placed to support the medium-pressure forging press, place excessive forging and then cut the aluminum forgings to realize individual plastic forming.
In this embodiment, preferably, the furnace returning heating in S6 is a stage type continuous heating, that is, the temperature of the heating furnace is heated from 200 ℃ to 250 ℃,300 ℃,350 ℃ and 400 ℃, the heating duration of the temperature section before 300 ℃ is controlled to be 10-20min, the heating duration of the temperature section after 350 ℃ is controlled to be 30-60min, and the temperature section respectively comprises 300 ℃ and 350 ℃, and the hot pressing punching and the bending molding are performed according to the requirements set by the drawing, and the stage type continuous heating is adopted, so that the internal temperature of the aluminum forging can be kept, the excessive difference between the internal temperature and the external temperature of the aluminum forging is prevented, and the molding operation of the aluminum forging is realized.
In this embodiment, preferably, the quenching solution used in solution quenching in S7 is water, and an aqueous solution of polyethanol is added to the water to adjust the cooling capacity, the temperature of solution quenching is controlled to be 50-85 ℃ for quenching, the quenching cooling speed is more than 50 ℃/S, in order to ensure that the quenching cooling is uniform, a compressed air pipe is arranged in a quenching water tank for stirring, and meanwhile, the aluminum product is properly swung after entering the water tank, the solution quenching in the place can realize rapid quenching treatment on the aluminum forging, improve the strength of the aluminum forging, and maintain the uniformity of quenching.
Specifically, the method for forming the aluminum forging of the generator oil tank frame comprises the following steps:
Firstly, designing a drawing, and cutting raw materials: according to the size of the generator oil box frame, drawing design is carried out on the aluminum forging, and the raw materials of the aluminum forging are cut according to the size of the drawing;
Secondly, heating the cut aluminum forging raw material before forging: heating the cut aluminum forging, and melting the raw materials of the aluminum forging in a high-temperature melting furnace to enable the raw materials of the aluminum forging to be in a molten state;
Thirdly, adding a deslagging agent into the aluminum molten solution to realize impurity removal operation: adding magnesium, zinc or mercury into the molten aluminum solution to remove iron, silicon and other impurities in the aluminum, and then removing the added metal by a vacuum distillation method, thereby realizing the original impurities such as magnesium, zinc and the like in the aluminum solution;
Fourthly, cooling and forming the aluminum solution, and then heating again: cooling and molding the aluminum solution from which the impurities are taken out, then putting the aluminum block into a high-temperature melting furnace again for heating treatment, heating the aluminum block to 400+/-50 ℃, preserving heat at 260 ℃ for 10 hours, and discharging;
fifthly, forging the heated aluminum block: forging the heated aluminum block on a forging press, performing operation by adopting a three-drawing three-pier method, expanding the aluminum block to form a sheet, enabling the thickness to be 0.3-1.2cm greater than the thickness of a workpiece, and then cutting the forged aluminum block;
Sixth, the aluminum material is returned to the furnace for heating: after cutting, returning the aluminum material to a furnace for heating, and then adopting manual forging to enable the aluminum material to be formed, so that the aluminum material meets the shape requirement of an aluminum forging piece and meets the size requirement, and then carrying out hot pressing punching and bending molding;
Seventh, carrying out heating solid solution quenching treatment on the aluminum material: the aluminum forging is heated to a higher temperature and kept for a certain time, so that a second phase or other soluble components in the material are fully dissolved into an aluminum matrix to form a supersaturated solid solution, and then the supersaturated solid solution is kept to room temperature by a rapid cooling method to finish the quenching treatment.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and variations may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The forming method of the aluminum forging of the generator oil tank frame is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, designing a drawing, and cutting raw materials: according to the size of the generator oil box frame, drawing design is carried out on the aluminum forging, and the raw materials of the aluminum forging are cut according to the size of the drawing;
s2, heating the cut aluminum forging raw material before forging: heating the cut aluminum forging, and melting the raw materials of the aluminum forging in a high-temperature melting furnace to enable the raw materials of the aluminum forging to be in a molten state;
The high-temperature melting furnace adopts sectional heating when heating, firstly, the high-temperature melting furnace is quickly heated to 380-420 ℃, the aluminum material is kept at the temperature for 1-1.5h, then is continuously heated to 660-700 ℃, and then is kept at the temperature for 1-2h, and the aluminum solution is stirred;
S3, adding a deslagging agent into the aluminum molten solution to realize impurity removal operation: adding magnesium, zinc or mercury into the molten aluminum solution to remove iron, silicon and other impurities in the aluminum, and then removing the added metal by a vacuum distillation method, thereby removing the original magnesium and zinc impurities in the aluminum solution;
The slag remover is magnesium-zinc mixed metal powder, the particle diameter of the mixed metal powder is 0.2-0.5mm, and 0.1 g of mixed metal powder is added into each g of aluminum, and the mixing ratio of magnesium to zinc is 1:1;
S4, cooling and molding the aluminum solution, and then heating again: cooling and molding the aluminum solution from which the impurities are taken out, then putting the aluminum block into a high-temperature melting furnace again for heating treatment, heating the aluminum block to 400+/-50 ℃, preserving heat at 260 ℃ for 10 hours, and discharging;
S5, forging the heated aluminum block: forging the heated aluminum block on a forging press, performing operation by adopting a three-drawing three-pier method, expanding the aluminum block to form a sheet, enabling the thickness to be 0.3-1.2cm greater than the thickness of a workpiece, and then cutting the forged aluminum block;
s6, returning the aluminum material to the furnace for heating: after cutting, returning the aluminum material to a furnace for heating, and then adopting manual forging to enable the aluminum material to be formed, so that the aluminum material meets the shape requirement of an aluminum forging piece and meets the size requirement, and then carrying out hot pressing punching and bending molding;
S7, carrying out heating solid solution quenching treatment on the aluminum material: the aluminum forging is heated to a higher temperature and kept for a certain time, so that a second phase or other soluble components in the material are fully dissolved into an aluminum matrix to form a supersaturated solid solution, and then the supersaturated solid solution is kept to room temperature by a rapid cooling method to finish the quenching treatment.
2. The method for forming the aluminum forgings of the generator oil tank frame according to claim 1 is characterized in that raw materials in the S1 are cut according to the size of a design drawing, the weight of aluminum materials is calculated according to the length, width and thickness of the drawing and the density of aluminum, and the weight of aluminum materials is multiplied according to a single piece of aluminum materials, so that the aluminum materials can forge the raw materials of a plurality of aluminum forgings at one time, and the production efficiency is improved.
3. The forming method of the aluminum forging of the generator oil tank frame is characterized in that a servo motor is adopted for stirring, the stirring speed of the servo motor is 30r/min-40r/min, so that aluminum solution can be uniformly dissolved, a crucible containing the aluminum solution is stirred in an open mode, air can be introduced into the aluminum solution when the aluminum solution is stirred, oxygen is introduced into the aluminum solution, and zinc impurities in the aluminum solution are oxidized and separated out.
4. The method for forming the aluminum forging of the generator oil tank frame according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum distillation method in the step S3 is controlled to be 15 Pa in vacuum degree, 1053 and K in distillation temperature and 30 and min in distillation time, and in order to realize rapid vacuum distillation, a stirring mechanism is adopted to stir and accelerate the vacuum distillation speed, and the rotating speed of the stirring mechanism is 50r/min-80r/min.
5. The method for forming the aluminum forging of the generator oil tank frame according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum solution in the step S4 is subjected to cooling forming by adopting a rectangular container, and when the aluminum solution is subjected to cooling forming, a vacuum air extraction method is adopted, so that bubbles cannot be remained in the aluminum solution when the aluminum solution is subjected to cooling forming, and when the vacuum air extraction method is adopted, the air pressure is controlled to be 20 Pa, the temperature is continuously and slowly reduced from 100 ℃ to 20 ℃, and the duration is controlled to be 30-40min.
6. The method for forming aluminum forgings of generator oil tank frame according to claim 1, wherein the forging press in S5 is a medium-pressure forging press, the pressure of the medium-pressure forging press is 3MN-160MN, the operation sequence of three drawing three piers is upsetting-drawing-upsetting, and when three drawing three piers are operated, a plastic frame is placed on the medium-pressure forging press to prevent excessive forging of aluminum materials and cause thickness dimension deviation, and the aluminum materials are cut into single aluminum forgings.
7. The method for forming the aluminum forging of the generator oil tank frame according to claim 1, wherein the furnace returning heating in the step S6 is a stage continuous heating, namely, the temperature of the heating furnace is heated from 200 ℃ to 250 ℃, 300 ℃,350 ℃ and 400 ℃, the heating time of a temperature section before 300 ℃ is controlled to be 10-20min, the heating time of a temperature section after 350 ℃ is controlled to be 30-60min, and the heating time comprises 300 ℃ and 350 ℃ respectively, and the hot press punching and the bending molding are performed according to the requirements set by the drawing.
8. The method for forming the aluminum forging with the oil tank frame of the generator according to claim 1, wherein the quenching solution adopted by the S7 solution quenching is water, the cooling capacity is adjusted by adding a water solution of the polyethylene glycol into the water, the solution quenching is performed at the temperature of 50-85 ℃, the quenching cooling speed is more than 50 ℃/S, a compressed air pipe is arranged in a quenching water tank for ensuring the uniform quenching cooling, so as to stir, and meanwhile, the aluminum product is properly swung after entering the water tank.
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| CN101476047A (en) * | 2009-01-16 | 2009-07-08 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing metal aluminum from aluminum-containing raw material |
| CN110814245A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-02-21 | 江阴市恒润环锻有限公司 | Forging method of aluminum alloy forging |
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| EP1288319B1 (en) * | 2001-09-03 | 2004-06-30 | Corus Technology BV | Method for the purification of an aluminium alloy |
| JPWO2004031424A1 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2006-02-02 | 旭テック株式会社 | Aluminum alloy for casting forging, aluminum casting forged product and manufacturing method |
| JP3740131B2 (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2006-02-01 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Refining method for molten aluminum alloy and refining flux for molten aluminum alloy |
| JP5180496B2 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2013-04-10 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Aluminum alloy forging and method for producing the same |
| EP3018226A1 (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2016-05-11 | Constellium Valais SA (AG, Ltd) | Ultra high strength products forged from 6xxx aluminium alloys having excellent corrosion resistance |
| CN211311551U (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-08-21 | 牛强 | Electric heating aluminum smelting device |
| KR102277133B1 (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-07-14 | (주) 동양에이.케이코리아 | Method for manufacturing high strength aluminum alloy forged plate |
| CN112496218B (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2021-09-21 | 武汉理工大学 | Forging process of aluminum alloy part |
| CN112030004A (en) * | 2020-09-06 | 2020-12-04 | 昆山市全顺铝材锻造有限公司 | Aluminum bar forging process |
| CN113249600A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-13 | 安徽力幕新材料科技有限公司 | High-toughness aluminum alloy manufacturing method and impurity and slag removing method |
| CN113416854B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-06-28 | 广东先导微电子科技有限公司 | Preparation method of ultra-high purity aluminum |
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| CN101476047A (en) * | 2009-01-16 | 2009-07-08 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing metal aluminum from aluminum-containing raw material |
| CN110814245A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-02-21 | 江阴市恒润环锻有限公司 | Forging method of aluminum alloy forging |
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