CN115281213A - 一种规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115281213A CN115281213A CN202210995635.4A CN202210995635A CN115281213A CN 115281213 A CN115281213 A CN 115281213A CN 202210995635 A CN202210995635 A CN 202210995635A CN 115281213 A CN115281213 A CN 115281213A
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- parts
- sugarcane
- sugarcane seed
- coating agent
- stem
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
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- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N31/08—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
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Abstract
本发明涉及甘蔗栽培种植技术领域，具体公开了一种可规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂，由以下重量份组分组成：由以下重量份组分组成：甲基硫菌灵28~32份、咪鲜胺25~30份、苯甲•嘧菌酯15~25份、30%氯虫.噻虫嗪3~5份、奈乙酸钠0.03~0.08份、油菜素甾醇0.01~0.05份、农用硝酸稀土0.02~0.07份、褐藻寡糖3~6份、百里香酚0.5~2份、异胡薄荷醇十二酸酯1~3份、癸烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱2~5份、聚乙烯醇150~250份、水15000~25000份。本发明的甘蔗种茎包膜剂，在甘蔗种茎表面附着形成一层保护膜，一方面能够增强甘蔗种茎的耐保存性，降低甘蔗种茎病菌感染率，提高甘蔗种茎保存质量；另一方面能够促进甘蔗种茎生根、出苗、分蘖，使甘蔗主茎和分蘖茎同生长提高成茎率，增强甘蔗抗逆性，提升甘蔗种植效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于甘蔗栽培种植技术领域，特别涉及一种可规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂及其应用。
背景技术
甘蔗是我国最重要的糖料作物之一，通常是通过甘蔗种茎进行播种。甘蔗传统种植以非标准化种茎或者全茎等方式进行，不利于甘蔗精量化机械种植的发展。甘蔗传统种植方式每亩下种量最多达0.8吨～1.1吨，浪费很多原料蔗，不能用于进厂压榨，直接降低了我国蔗糖的总产量。全茎蔗种在运输过程中浪费更多的人力和财力，容易对蔗芽造成机械损伤，增加了甘蔗生产成本，降低甘蔗种植收益。
甘蔗种茎包膜是在甘蔗种茎工厂标准化生产基础上，配套精量机械种植等技术的现代甘蔗生产模式，主要应对目前我国甘蔗种植下种量大，种植效率低，生产成本高，种茎质量较差等问题。标准化甘蔗包膜种茎比传统自留种的种植效率高出30倍，传统人工种植每天只能种0.5亩，在人工紧缺的情况下种植成本约每亩240元，而机械化种植一台机组一天可种50亩，比传统人工种植提高效率30倍以上，种植成本仅为每亩100元，每亩立减140元。包膜种茎为种茎工厂供种，每亩下种3500-4500芽，减少了用种量，农民可把留种的蔗茎变为原料蔗入厂，增加了收入，同时有效增加糖厂的入榨量，缓解了目前我区糖厂普遍存在原料不足而导致的生产成本高的问题。据测算，以2000亩专业苗圃繁育甘蔗健康种茎为例，应用该技术可供种植甘蔗约6万亩，蔗农不留种可为糖企增加榨蔗量3.8万吨，按原料蔗每吨500元计算，蔗农可增收1900万元；按榨8.5吨原料蔗产1吨糖及糖价5500元/吨计算，增加工业产值约2459万元，实现了糖企增效、蔗农增收，工农“双赢”。
目前公开的关于甘蔗种茎处理的包衣或包衣膜方法，这些方法的功效比较单一或存在一定缺陷，不能获得综合性较好的效果；甘蔗种茎包衣、包衣膜或消毒方法需要浸泡处理的时间较长，不利于甘蔗种茎包膜工厂流水线生产作业；再者处理好的种茎储存也需要在冷库储存，需要大量的能耗，此外种茎在储存过程中，随着保存时间的增加，甘蔗可溶性糖含量下降，丙二醛大量积累、活性氧过多，会对甘蔗种茎产生毒害作用，导致甘蔗种茎的生理受损、活性降低，进而影响甘蔗种茎的出苗率以及后续甘蔗的生长。因此，研究一种甘蔗种茎包膜剂，降低浸泡处理时间，实现常温保存，提高保存活性，促进甘蔗生长，提高甘蔗成茎率，对于实现甘蔗种茎规模化和高效化生产、促进促进甘蔗生长和提高甘蔗产量和品质具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于一种可规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂，能够降低病原菌的侵染，延长甘蔗种茎保存时间，提升甘蔗种茎质量，促进甘蔗生长，提高甘蔗成茎率、，进而提高甘蔗产量和甘蔗品质，从而提高甘蔗种植效益。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂，由以下重量份组分组成：甲基硫菌灵28～32份、咪鲜胺25～30份、苯甲·嘧菌酯20～25份、30％氯虫.噻虫嗪3～5份、奈乙酸钠0.03～0.08份、油菜素甾醇0.01～0.05份、农用硝酸稀土0.02～0.07份、褐藻寡糖3～6份、百里香酚0.5～2份、异胡薄荷醇十二酸酯1～3份、癸烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱2～5份、聚乙烯醇150～250份、水15000～25000份。
优选的，上述规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂中，由以下重量份组分组成：甲基硫菌灵30份、咪鲜胺28份、苯甲·嘧菌酯20份、30％氯虫.噻虫嗪4份、奈乙酸钠0.06份、油菜素甾醇0.03份、农用硝酸稀土0.04份、褐藻寡糖5份、百里香酚1份、异胡薄荷醇十二酸酯2份、癸烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱4份、聚乙烯醇200份、20000份。
优选的，上述规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂中，所述甘蔗种茎包膜剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将聚乙烯醇缓慢倒入热水中，边加边搅拌，直到聚乙烯醇完全溶于水，冷却得到料液；
(2)在步骤(1)的料液中加入癸烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱、萘乙酸钠、农用硝酸稀土、褐藻寡糖，搅拌溶解得到预混液；
(3)在步骤(2)的预混液中先后加入异胡薄荷醇十二酸酯、百里香酚、油菜素甾醇、甲基硫菌灵、咪鲜胺、苯甲·嘧菌酯、30％氯虫.噻虫嗪搅拌混匀得到甘蔗种茎包膜剂。
上述的规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂在甘蔗种茎保存和甘蔗栽培种植中的应用。
优选的，上述的应用中，将甘蔗种茎放入所述甘蔗种茎包膜剂中浸泡，过风干机传送带成膜，然后将甘蔗种茎进行保存或者种植在土壤中。
优选的，上述的应用中，所述甘蔗种茎在包膜剂液中浸泡时间为45～60s，种茎经过风干机传送带后生成一层保护膜。
优选的，上述应用中，所述甘蔗种茎在20～25℃下保存。
与现有的技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
1.本发明的规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂，能够在甘蔗种茎表面附着形成一层保护膜，降低甘蔗种茎病菌感染率，能够增强甘蔗种茎的耐保存性，在室温(25℃)即可进行保存；能够增强甘蔗种茎保存后的生理活性，提高保存后的甘蔗种茎的芽完好率和出苗率。试验结果表明，在室温(25℃)保存30天后，甘蔗种茎的病菌感染率在26％以下，种茎的芽完好率在81％以上、出苗率在73％以上。
2.本发明的规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂，各组分相互协同，促进甘蔗种茎生根、出苗、分蘖，使甘蔗主茎和分蘖茎同生长提高成茎率，提升甘蔗种植效率，增产提质效果显著。大田试验结果表明：采用包膜剂处理的甘蔗出苗率提高45％，分蘖出土提早1.2叶龄，分蘖成茎率提高77％以上，甘蔗产量增加31％以上，蔗糖产量提高39％，蔗汁锤度和蔗糖均分具有不同程度的提高。还能够提高宿根蔗发株率和生长性能，改善甘蔗的宿根性能。
3.本发明的规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂，甘蔗种茎包膜剂还具有防病、防虫、防倒伏作用，能够增强甘蔗抗干旱胁迫，降低干旱胁迫对甘蔗生理造成损伤、提高甘蔗在干旱胁迫的生理活性，保证苗数为实现稳产奠定基础。
4.本发明的规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂，通过异胡薄荷醇十二酸酯和癸烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱组合增效极大的改善了包膜剂的渗透性、表面张力大小，能够提高包膜剂的保护和促生长效果，降低甘蔗种茎处理时间，采用本发明甘蔗种茎包膜剂处理甘蔗种茎时间只用45～60s，适用于甘蔗种茎工厂标准化种茎的流水线生产，可实现规模化和高效化。
5.本发明的甘蔗种茎包膜剂，用于处理甘蔗种茎进行保存，处理好的甘蔗种茎可常温(25℃)下保存30天，免去冷藏环节，很大程度上节省能耗。
6.发明的甘蔗种茎包膜剂，原料易得，包膜剂使用方法简单方便，有利于推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述，但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。
实施例1
一种规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂，由以下重量份组分组成：甲基硫菌灵30份、咪鲜胺28份、苯甲·嘧菌酯20份、30％氯虫.噻虫嗪4份、奈乙酸钠0.06份、油菜素甾醇0.03份、农用硝酸稀土0.04份、褐藻寡糖5份、百里香酚1份、异胡薄荷醇十二酸酯2份、癸烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱4份、聚乙烯醇(PVA17-92)200份、20000份。
甘蔗种茎包膜剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将聚乙烯醇缓慢倒入80℃水中，边加边搅拌，直到聚乙烯醇完全溶于水，得到料液；
(2)在步骤(1)的料液中加入癸烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱、萘乙酸钠、农用硝酸稀土、褐藻寡糖，搅拌溶解，得到预混液；
(3)在步骤(2)的预混液中先后加入异胡薄荷醇十二酸酯、百里香酚、油菜素甾醇、甲基硫菌灵、咪鲜胺、苯甲·嘧菌酯、30％氯虫.噻虫嗪搅拌混匀得到甘蔗种茎包膜剂。
实施例2
一种规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂，由以下重量份组分组成：甲基硫菌灵32份、咪鲜胺27份、苯甲·嘧菌酯15份、30％氯虫.噻虫嗪5份、奈乙酸钠0.05份、油菜素甾醇0.03份、农用硝酸稀土0.05份、褐藻寡糖4份、百里香酚2份、异胡薄荷醇十二酸酯1.2份、癸烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱5份、聚乙烯醇(PVA17-92)200份、20000份。
对比例1
本对比例的甘蔗种茎包膜剂与实施例1不同之处在于：采用多菌灵替换甲基硫菌灵，采用苯醚甲环唑替换苯甲·嘧菌酯，其他与实施例1相同。
对比例2
本对比例的甘蔗种茎包膜剂与实施例1不同之处在于：采用吲哚丁酸钾替换油菜素甾醇和农用硝酸稀土，其他与实施例1相同。
对比例3
本对比例的甘蔗种茎包膜剂与实施例1不同之处在于：不包含褐藻寡糖和百里香酚，其他与实施例1相同。
对比例4
本对比例的甘蔗种茎包膜剂与实施例1不同之处在于：采用褐藻寡糖替换百里香酚，其他与实施例1相同。
对比例5
本对比例的甘蔗种茎包膜剂与实施例1不同之处在于：采用脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚AEO-9替换异胡薄荷醇十二酸酯和癸烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱，其他与实施例1相同。
对比例6
本对比例的甘蔗种茎包膜剂采用癸烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱替换异胡薄荷醇十二酸酯，其他与实施例1相同。
包衣剂(包衣)
一种甘蔗种茎包衣剂，甘蔗种茎包衣剂的制备方法为：将重量份50份脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚AEO-9加水羟丙基甲纤维素醚HPMC保水剂90份制作成母液后，再加入40％戊唑醇·咪鲜胺11份，40％氯虫.噻虫嗪悬浮液7.5份、润田生根粉45份、土壤改良剂30份充分搅拌混匀，最后加入10000份水搅拌均匀即成包衣剂。
以下试验在2020年2月26日、2021年3月3日分别在南宁市隆安县丁当镇和来宾市兴宾区凤凰镇两个点进行。
试验例1储存试验
试验对象：桂糖44号
试验方法：设置实施例1～2组、对比例1～6组、包衣组、消毒组和空白对照组(CK)共11组，将甘蔗健康苗繁殖的一代种茎，使用切种机切种，双芽段种茎长度为28cm，茎径2.5cm-3.0cm，每组50段双芽段种茎，每组3个重复。实施例1～2组、对比例1～6组的甘蔗种茎分别采用实施1～2、对比例1～6提供的包膜剂浸泡50s，包衣组1组采用包衣剂浸泡3min，消毒组采用每100千克水加50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂200克配制的消毒液浸泡10min，空白对照组采用清水浸泡10min，处理好的甘蔗种茎过风干机传送带吹干，然后在恒温恒湿条件下(空气湿度75％，温室25℃)储存30天。分别在第6天、9天、20天和30天调查凤梨病的发病率(发病率＝100％*发病种茎数/种茎总数)、病情指数、防治效果，以及第30天调查纵剖面凤梨病感染面积比(感染率)，将甘蔗种茎切开一分为二，观察剖面感染程度，感染率＝切面感染面积/切面总面积×100％，调查芽完好率、种茎出苗率和种茎失水率。病情指数＝100×∑(各级发病数×各级代表值)/(调查总数×最高级代表值)，防治效果(％)＝(对照病情指数-处理病情指数)/对照病情指数×100％。
试验结果：表1和表2分别为不同处理后的甘蔗种茎储存期间凤梨病侵染指标和储存30天后的性能指标，从表中可以看出，实施例组的甘蔗种茎发病率、病情指数明显低于对比例组、包衣组、消毒组和对照组，防治效果好；甘蔗种茎储存30天后，相比包衣组，实施例组的甘蔗种茎纵剖面凤梨病感染面积降低18％以上，芽完好率提高10％，种茎出苗率提高21％以上，种茎失水率降低20％；实施例1组的凤梨病感染率明显低于对比例1、对比例4和对比例5，实施例1组的芽完好率和出苗率明显高于对比例1、对比例4和对比例5，本发明的甘蔗种茎包膜剂通优化杀菌剂组分，并加入异胡薄荷醇十二酸酯和癸烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱组合增效，能够显著降低甘蔗种茎保存过程中感染率，提高甘蔗种茎的保存质量；相较于实施例1，对比例3和对比例4的种茎出苗率明显降低，说明加入褐藻寡糖和百里香酚组合物能够有效增强甘蔗种茎在保存过程中生理活性，提高保存后的甘蔗种茎芽完好率和出苗率。
表1不同处理的甘蔗种茎凤梨病侵染指标
表2不同处理的甘蔗种茎储存30天后的性能指标
试验例2桶栽试验
试验对象：桂糖44号
试验方法：设计实施例1～2组、对比例1～6组、包衣组、消毒组和空白对照组(CK)共11组，将甘蔗健康苗繁殖的一代种茎，使用切种机切种，双芽段种茎长度为28cm，茎径2.5cm～3.0cm，每组15段双芽段，每组3个重复。实施例1～2组和对比例1～6组的甘蔗双芽段采用相应的包膜剂浸泡50s，包衣组的甘蔗双芽段采用相应的包衣剂浸泡3min，消毒组采用每100千克水加50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂200克配制的消毒液浸泡10min，空白对照组采用清水浸泡10min，处理好的甘蔗种茎过风干机传送带吹干，然后种植在塑料桶内，每桶种植3个双芽段，按甘蔗常规栽培管理方法进行种植和管理。种植第7天调查种根和蔗芽生长情况，第35天调查苗根、分蘖芽和蔗苗生长情况，按常规方法进行调查，结果取平均值。
试验结果：表3和表4为处理后的甘蔗种茎桶栽后第7天种根和蔗芽生长情况和第35天苗根、分蘖芽和蔗苗生长情况，从表中可以看出，实施例组的种根根数和根粗明显高于包衣组、消毒组和对照组；种植35天后，相对空白对照组，实施例组苗根数提高了132％以上，根粗增加了27％以上，同期萌动分蘖芽和分蘖发生率分别提高226％和166％以上，说明本发明的甘蔗种茎包膜剂各组分相互协同增效，能够促进甘蔗根系生长，提高甘蔗苗发蘖率，促进甘蔗芽生长。
表3不同处理对蔗芽萌动及种根生长的影响(第7天)
表4不同处理对甘蔗苗生长的影响(第35天)
试验例3大田试验
试验对象：桂糖44号
试验方法：设计实施例1组、包衣组、消毒组和空白对照组(CK)共4组，甘蔗双芽段种茎长度为28cm，茎径2.5cm～3.0cm，采用随机区组设计，每组3个重复，每小区5行，行长10米，行距1.2米，亩下种量4500芽。实施例1组的甘蔗双芽段采用相应的包膜剂浸泡50s，包衣组的甘蔗双芽段采用包衣剂浸泡3min，消毒组采用每100千克水加50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂200克配制的消毒液浸泡10min，空白对照组采用清水浸泡10min，处理好的甘蔗种茎过风干机传送带吹干，然后种植在试验田中，三组的种植方法以及生长期间管理方式相同，按照常规方法进行。
调查项目：生长期调查出苗率、分蘖情况、螟害情况，成熟期调查产量性状和品质指标。收获后对宿根甘蔗按照《糖料甘蔗生产技术规程》(NY/T1787-2009)进行管理，在宿根甘蔗生长期调查宿根生长指标。所有项目按常规方法进行调查。
试验结果：
(1)包膜处理对甘蔗出苗和分蘖影响
由表5可知，甘蔗出苗率从高到低依次为实施例1>包衣组>消毒组>对照组，相比对照组，实施例1组的出苗率高45％，枯心率降低95％；实施例1组的甘蔗第一分蘖、第二分蘖、第三分蘖出土时间均比包衣组、消毒组、对照组提前1.1张叶龄以上，第三分蘖出土较对照组早出土接近2张叶龄；甘蔗分蘖成茎率从高到低依次为实施例1>包衣组>消毒组>对照组；实施例1组的分蘖成茎率相较于对照组提高了77.6％以上，相较于包衣组提高了44.7％，差异极其显著。从表6可以看出，实施例1组的分蘖茎株高和茎径高于对比例组、消毒组和对照组，第一、第二、第三分蘖茎平均株高都在300cm以上，茎径在2.9cm以上。以上结果表明本发明的甘蔗种茎包膜剂能够提高甘蔗出苗率，在不影响主茎生长的情况下，提早甘蔗分蘖发生并促进其生长，使甘蔗能够有效分蘖，对分蘖成茎率提升效果显著，使分蘖茎能够有效生长，从而提高甘蔗产量，减少下种量，提高甘蔗种植效益。
(2)包膜处理对甘蔗产量和品质的影响
由表7可见，实施例1组的甘蔗倒伏率较对照组显著降低，蔗汁锤度和蔗糖分较对照组均有不同程度的提高；相较于对照组，实施例1组的甘蔗倒伏率降低了74.3％，单茎重提高了9.5％，有效茎数提高了20.5％，甘蔗产量提高31％以上，蔗糖产量提高了39％，对于甘蔗品质和产量具有显著提升效果。
(3)包膜对甘蔗宿根蔗生长的影响
表8为不同处理对甘蔗宿根蔗生长的影响，由表可知，实施例1组的甘蔗发株率、苗高和假茎粗明显高于包衣组和对照组，相比对照组，实施例1组的发株率提高47％以上，苗高和假茎粗分别提高100％和59.8％，差异极其显著，说明本发明的甘蔗种茎包膜剂能够提高宿根蔗发株率和生长性能，改善甘蔗的宿根性能。
表5不同处理对甘蔗田间出苗及分蘖影响
表6不同处理对甘蔗主茎及分蘖苗生长的影响
表7不同处理对甘蔗产量、品质的影响
表8不同处理对甘蔗宿根蔗生长的影响
| 处理 | 发株率(％) | 发株数(株/公顷) | 苗高(cm) | 假茎粗(cm) |
| 实施例1 | 86.48 | 63126 | 12.65 | 1.95 |
| 包衣组 | 75.23 | 50264 | 10.24 | 1.67 |
| 消毒组 | 61.81 | 38329 | 6.54 | 1.24 |
| 对照组 | 58.65 | 36581 | 6.33 | 1.22 |
试验例4包膜甘蔗种茎温室耐旱试验
试验对象：桂糖42号、桂糖44号、桂糖49号、桂糖55号、柳城05/136。
试验方法：设计实施例1组、对比例3、对比例4、包衣组、消毒组和空白对照组(CK)共6组，甘蔗双芽段种茎长度为28cm，茎径2.5cm～3.0cm，采用随机区组设计，每组3个重复，每小区种植100段双芽段。实施例1组和对比例3～4组的甘蔗双芽段分别采用相应的包膜剂浸泡50s，包衣组的甘蔗双芽段采用相应的包衣剂浸泡3min，消毒组采用每100千克水加50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂200克配制的消毒液浸泡10min，空白对照组采用清水浸泡10min，处理好的甘蔗种茎过风干机传送带吹干，然后在温室中种植。种植时，温室土壤相对湿度为43％～48％，不进行额外浇水；种植第25天进行浇水一次，土壤相对湿度达到73％～78％，第45天调查出苗率。
试验结果：包膜处理对干旱胁迫下甘蔗出苗的影响。
由表9可见，干旱胁迫下，甘蔗出苗率从高到低依次为实施例1>对比例4>对比例3>包衣组>消毒组>对照组，实施例1组的桂糖42号、桂糖44号、桂糖49号、桂糖55号、柳城05/136的出苗率分别比对照组高42.20％(绝对值)、41.44％(绝对值)、44.12％(绝对值)、42.18％(绝对值)、42.79％(绝对值)，差异极其显著，说明本发明的甘蔗种茎包膜剂能够提高甘蔗在干旱条件下出苗率，降低干旱胁迫对甘蔗生理造成损伤、提高甘蔗在干旱胁迫的生理活性，保证苗数为实现稳产奠定基础。
表9不同处理的5个甘蔗品种在干旱后复水的出苗率(％)
试验例5包膜甘蔗种茎大田防黑穗病试验
试验对象：桂糖42号、桂糖44号、桂糖49号、桂糖55号、柳城05/136。
试验方法：设计实施例1组、对比例1组、包衣组、消毒组和空白对照组(CK)共5组，甘蔗双芽段种茎长度为28cm，茎径2.5cm～3.0cm，采用随机区组设计，每组3个重复，每小区5行，行长10米，行距1.2米，亩下种量4500芽。实施例1组和对比例1组的甘蔗双芽段分别采用相应的包膜剂浸泡50s，包衣组的甘蔗双芽段分别相应的包衣剂浸泡3min，消毒组采用每100千克水加50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂200克配制的消毒液浸泡10min，空白对照组采用清水浸泡10min，处理好的甘蔗种茎过风干机传送带吹干，然后在甘蔗连作地块种植。种植地块上茬为桂糖42号第二年宿根甘蔗，甘蔗黑穗病发病率为28.6％。各组的种植方法以及生长期间管理方式相同，按照常规方法进行。在甘蔗伸长中后期调查新植蔗黑穗病发病率，甘蔗黑穗病发病率(％)＝累计发病茎数/总茎数×100。
试验结果：由表10可见，连作蔗地的新植蔗甘蔗黑穗病发病率最低为实施例1组，采用实施例1的甘蔗种茎包膜处理的桂糖42号、桂糖44号、桂糖49号、桂糖55号、柳城05/136等5个甘蔗品种的实施1组的甘蔗黑穗病发病率都比包衣组低4％(绝对值)以上，相比包衣组，实施例1组的甘蔗黑穗病发病率降低80％以上，差异显著，说明本发明的甘蔗种茎包膜剂能够有效提高甘蔗黑穗病防治效果，保证蔗田甘蔗有效茎数，最终获得高产、稳产。
表10不同处理的5个甘蔗品种新植黑穗发生率(％)
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式，并且很显然，根据上述教导，可以进行很多改变和变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用，从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。
Claims (7)
1.一种规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份组分组成：甲基硫菌灵28~32份、咪鲜胺25~30份、苯甲•嘧菌酯15~25份、30%氯虫.噻虫嗪3~5份、奈乙酸钠0.03~0.08份、油菜素甾醇0.01~0.05份、农用硝酸稀土0.02~0.07份、褐藻寡糖3~6份、百里香酚0.5~2份、异胡薄荷醇十二酸酯1~3份、癸烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱2~5份、聚乙烯醇150~250份、水15000~25000份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份组分组成：甲基硫菌灵30份、咪鲜胺28份、苯甲•嘧菌酯20份、30%氯虫.噻虫嗪4份、奈乙酸钠0.06份、油菜素甾醇0.03份、农用硝酸稀土0.04份、褐藻寡糖5份、百里香酚1份、异胡薄荷醇十二酸酯2份、癸烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱4份、聚乙烯醇200份、水20000份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂，其特征在于，所述甘蔗种茎包膜剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）将聚乙烯醇缓慢倒入热水中，边加边搅拌，直到聚乙烯醇完全溶于水，冷却得到料液；
（2）在步骤（1）的料液中加入癸烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱、萘乙酸钠、农用硝酸稀土、褐藻寡糖搅拌溶解得到预混液；
（3）在步骤（2）的预混液中先后加入异胡薄荷醇十二酸酯、百里香酚、油菜素甾醇、甲基硫菌灵、咪鲜胺、苯甲•嘧菌酯、30%氯虫.噻虫嗪搅拌混匀得到甘蔗种茎包膜剂。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的规模化常温应用的甘蔗种茎包膜剂在甘蔗种茎保存和甘蔗栽培种植中的应用。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用，其特征在于，将甘蔗种茎放入所述甘蔗种茎包膜剂中浸泡，过风干机传送带成膜，然后将甘蔗种茎进行保存或者种植在土壤中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用，其特征在于，所述甘蔗种茎在包膜剂液中浸泡时间为45~60s，甘蔗种茎经过风干机传送带，在甘蔗种茎表面生成一层保护膜。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用，其特征在于，所述甘蔗种茎在20~25℃下保存。
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