CN115279008A - Medical ion linear accelerator - Google Patents

Medical ion linear accelerator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115279008A
CN115279008A CN202210925575.9A CN202210925575A CN115279008A CN 115279008 A CN115279008 A CN 115279008A CN 202210925575 A CN202210925575 A CN 202210925575A CN 115279008 A CN115279008 A CN 115279008A
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cavity
linear accelerator
drift tube
transport line
beam transport
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Inventor
王超鹏
马力祯
石健
卢亮
周利荣
芮腾辉
杨春晓
蒋晓鹏
彭伟壮
高韵哲
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Hangzhou Jiafu Technology Co ltd
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Hangzhou Jiafu Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202210925575.9A priority Critical patent/CN115279008A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/14—Vacuum chambers
    • H05H7/18—Cavities; Resonators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/22—Details of linear accelerators, e.g. drift tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H9/00—Linear accelerators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/22—Details of linear accelerators, e.g. drift tubes
    • H05H2007/222—Details of linear accelerators, e.g. drift tubes drift tubes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
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  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a medical ion linear accelerator, including: the system comprises an ion source, a low-energy beam transport line, a radio-frequency quadrupole field linear accelerator, a first intermediate energy beam transport line, a first drift tube linear accelerator, a second intermediate energy beam transport line, a second drift tube linear accelerator and a high-energy beam transport line which are connected in sequence; the ion source generates particle beams which sequentially pass through a low-energy beam transport line, a radio-frequency quadrupole field linear accelerator, a first intermediate energy beam transport line, a first drift tube linear accelerator, a second intermediate energy beam transport line, a second drift tube linear accelerator and a high-energy beam transport line and alternately pass through multiple phase space matching processing and multiple pre-acceleration processing, so that the finally output particle beams can be successfully injected into an inlet of the synchrotron. The high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity in the radio-frequency quadrupole field linear accelerator adopts an H-mode four-rod structure, and the cavity and the accelerating structure are separated without welding, so that the risk of cavity deformation caused by the welding process is reduced, and the processing cost is reduced.

Description

Medical ion linear accelerator
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of cancer treatment instruments, in particular to a medical ion linear accelerator.
Background
Linear accelerators have been developed in the second thirty years of the 20 th century to achieve higher energies by accelerating a charged particle beam moving in a straight line using a radio frequency electric field. Charged particle beams such as protons and heavy ions have a bragg peak effect, and thus are increasingly used in the medical field. Proton and heavy ion radiotherapy, which is one of the most effective cancer treatment means in the world today, has the characteristics of precise action position and obvious treatment effect, and an ion linear accelerator with the output energy range of 4MeV/u-7MeV/u has the characteristics of high beam current and good beam quality, and is the most suitable equipment for being used as a front-end injector of a synchrotron.
In the prior art, an ion linear accelerator generally adopts a Radio Frequency Quadrupole linear accelerator (RFQ) and a Drift Tube linear accelerator (Drift Tube link, DTL) combined mode, specifically, a four-wing type RFQ and Alvarez type Drift Tube linear accelerator combined mode, a four-wing type RFQ and Drift Tube linear accelerator IH-DTL combined mode, a four-bar type RFQ and Alvarez type Drift Tube linear accelerator combined mode, and a four-bar type RFQ and Drift Tube linear accelerator IH-DTL combined mode are adopted, and all of the combinations are pre-accelerated by using the RFQ and accelerated to design energy by using the Drift Tube linear accelerator DTL, so as to meet the requirements of a linear accelerator for compact overall structure, short cavity length and high transmission efficiency.
However, the four-wing RFQ in the prior art often has the defects that the adjacent mode interval is too close, which results in poor electrical stability of the four-wing RFQ, and the frequency and electric field distribution and the like are sensitive to external interference. And the RFQ of the four-bar type radio frequency quadrupole field linear accelerator has the defects of smaller electrode, more complex water cooling problem of the electrode and the like. The technical scheme of the Alvarez type drift tube linear accelerator is adopted in the traditional several drift tube linear accelerator schemes, and because magnets need to be installed in the electrode drift tubes, the installation process and the collimation technology of the magnets are complex, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present disclosure provides a medical ion linear accelerator, wherein a radio frequency quadrupole accelerator is an rf quadrupole linear accelerator IH-RFQ, and a high frequency vacuum resonant cavity in the rf quadrupole linear accelerator IH-RFQ is an H-mode multi-rod structure, which has better mechanical strength and better electrical stability than a four-wing rf quadrupole linear accelerator RFQ. Meanwhile, because the high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity is an H mode, the shunt impedance and the acceleration gradient are higher than those of a four-bar type radio-frequency quadrupole linear accelerator RFQ.
The present disclosure provides a medical ion linear accelerator, comprising: the system comprises an ion source, a low-energy beam transport line, a radio-frequency quadrupole field linear accelerator, a first intermediate energy beam transport line, a first drift tube linear accelerator, a second intermediate energy beam transport line, a second drift tube linear accelerator and a high-energy beam transport line which are connected in sequence; wherein, radio frequency quadrupole field linear accelerator includes: a first high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity; the first high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity adopts an H-mode multi-rod structure and comprises a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity; wherein, the second cavity sets up between first cavity and third cavity, and constitutes seal structure with first cavity and third cavity, and the second cavity includes: two ridge structures and four rod-type accelerating electrodes which are oppositely arranged; two of the four rod-shaped accelerating electrodes are connected with the first ridge structure, and the other two rod-shaped accelerating electrodes are connected with the second ridge structure.
Furthermore, the rod-shaped accelerating electrodes in the four rod-shaped accelerating electrodes are oppositely arranged in pairs, wherein two rod-shaped accelerating electrodes distributed in the vertical direction are connected with the first ridge structure, and two rod-shaped accelerating electrodes distributed in the horizontal direction are connected with the second ridge structure.
Further, the first drift tube linear accelerator and the second drift tube linear accelerator each include: a second high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity; wherein the second high-frequency vacuum cavity includes: fourth cavity, fifth cavity and sixth cavity, wherein, the fifth cavity sets up between fourth cavity and sixth cavity, and constitutes seal structure with fourth cavity and sixth cavity, and the fifth cavity includes: two ridge structures and a plurality of drift tubes that set up relatively, half drift tube in a plurality of drift tubes is connected with third ridge structure, and half drift tube is connected with fourth ridge structure.
Furthermore, the plurality of drift tubes are alternately connected with the third ridge structure and the fourth ridge structure through the drift tube support seat, so that the interior of the second high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity is divided into a plurality of alternate longitudinal focusing sections and transverse focusing sections along the advancing direction of the incident particle beam.
Further, the fourth cavity includes: the two adjustable tuners and the fixed tuners are respectively arranged on the outer surface of the left cavity cover; the sixth cavity includes: the second right cavity cover, the power coupler, the power extractor and the vacuum port are arranged on the outer surface of the right cavity cover respectively.
Further, the first cavity includes: the first left cavity cover, the two adjustable tuners and the fixed tuner; the two adjustable tuners and the fixed tuner are respectively arranged on the outer surface of the first left cavity cover; the third cavity includes: the first right cavity cover, the power coupler, the power extractor and the vacuum port are arranged on the outer surface of the first right cavity cover respectively.
Further, the medical ion linear accelerator further comprises: the first output end of the power source and the distributed RF power distribution system is connected with one input end of the first drift tube linear accelerator, and the second output end of the power source and the distributed RF power distribution system is connected with one input end of the second drift tube linear accelerator and used for allocating the power of the high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity of the first drift tube linear accelerator and the power of the high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity of the second drift tube linear accelerator.
Further, the medical ion linear accelerator further comprises: the first integrated beam diagnosis element is used for monitoring the state of the particle beam output by the low-energy beam transport line; the second integrated beam diagnosis element is used for monitoring the state of the particle beam output by the first intermediate energy beam transport line; and the third integrated beam diagnosis element is used for monitoring the state of the particle beam output by the second intermediate energy beam transport line.
Further, the first intermediate energy beam transport line and the second intermediate energy beam transport line both include: and the plurality of quadrupole magnets converge the particle beam on the beam transport line into a transversely symmetrical and focused particle beam.
Further, the radio frequency quadrupole field linear accelerator accelerates the particle beam output by the low energy beam transport line to a first preset energy, the first drift tube linear accelerator accelerates the particle beam output by the first intermediate energy beam transport line to a second preset energy, and the second drift tube linear accelerator accelerates the particle beam output by the second intermediate energy beam transport line to a third preset energy; wherein the first preset energy, the second preset energy and the third preset energy are different in size.
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a medical ion linear accelerator, which adopts a radio frequency quadrupole field linear accelerator IH-RFQ through the radio frequency quadrupole field linear accelerator RFQ, a cylindrical high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity belongs to an H-mode four-bar structure, namely, four bar-type accelerating electrodes are arranged in the cylindrical high-frequency resonant cavity, a pair of ridge structures are vertically and symmetrically arranged in the cylindrical high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity, a first ridge structure positioned at the upper part is connected with two accelerating electrodes in the four bar-type accelerating electrodes, and a second ridge structure positioned at the lower part is connected with two accelerating electrodes in the four accelerating electrodes. A high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity of the radio-frequency quadrupole linear accelerator IH-RFQ adopts a left cavity processing structure, a middle cavity processing structure and a right cavity processing structure, the cavities and the accelerating structures are separated, and vacuum is guaranteed through a mechanical connection mode. The high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity does not need to be welded, the risk of cavity deformation caused in the welding process is reduced, and the processing cost is reduced. Meanwhile, when the accelerating structure in the radio frequency quadrupole linear accelerator IH-RFQ breaks down, the middle cavity and the accelerating structure can be conveniently replaced.
Drawings
For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a medical ion linear accelerator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
figure 2 schematically illustrates a structural schematic of a radio frequency quadrupole field linear accelerator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
figure 3 schematically illustrates a structural schematic diagram of a radio frequency quadrupole field linear accelerator after installation, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a perspective view of a second cavity according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a front view of a second cavity, according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the mounting positions of four bar-type accelerating electrodes in the second cavity according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
figure 7 schematically illustrates a structural schematic of a first drift tube linear accelerator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a perspective view of a fifth cavity according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 9 schematically illustrates a front view of a fifth cavity according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the disclosure. It may be evident, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise defined. It is noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a medical ion linear accelerator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the medical ion linear accelerator 100 includes: the device comprises an ion source 10, a low-energy beam transport line 20, a radio-frequency quadrupole linear accelerator 30, a first intermediate energy beam transport line 40, a first drift tube linear accelerator 50, a second intermediate energy beam transport line 60, a second drift tube linear accelerator 70 and a high-energy beam transport line 80 which are connected in sequence.
The ion source 10 includes a high voltage extraction electrode for generating a high charge state high current particle beam and extracting the particle beam to output to a low energy beam transport line 20. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the high fluence particle beam generated by the ion source 1 can be a proton, 12 C 4+ Particles, and the like.
And a low-energy beam transport line 20 connected to an output end of the ion source 10 and disposed on the particle extraction path. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the low-energy beam transportation line 20 includes: the system comprises a solenoid, a correcting magnet for beam adjustment, a quadrupole magnet for transverse focusing, an auxiliary system (such as a vacuum pump) and the like, and is used for carrying out phase space matching processing on charged particle beams extracted by an ion source 10 so as to enable the charged particle beams to be matched with the requirements of the input end of a radio frequency quadrupole linear accelerator IH-RFQ30 on beam phase space.
An input end of the radio frequency quadrupole linear accelerator IH-RFQ30 is connected to an outlet of the low energy beam transport line 20, and is configured to perform a first pre-acceleration on the particle beam output by the low energy beam transport line 20, so that the particle beam output by the low energy beam transport line 20 is accelerated to a first preset energy. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, if the particle beam is a proton, the first preset energy may be 2.5 to 4MeV; if the particle beam is 12 C 4+ The first preset energy may be 400 KeV/u-800 KeV/u for particles.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the rf quadrupole linear accelerator IH-RFQ30 includes a first rf vacuum cavity, and the first rf vacuum cavity adopts an H-mode multi-rod structure, which specifically includes: a first chamber 310, a second chamber 320, and a third chamber 330. The second cavity 320 is disposed between the first cavity 310 and the third cavity 330, and forms a sealing structure with the first cavity 310 and the third cavity 330.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the first cavity 310 includes: a first left cavity cover 311, two adjustable tuners 312, and a fixed tuner 313. The two adjustable tuners 312 and the fixed tuner 313 are respectively disposed on the outer surface of the first left cavity cover 311, the two adjustable tuners 312 are used for adjusting the cavity frequency and the field distribution in the rf quadrupole linear accelerator IH-RFQ30 in real time, and the fixed tuner 313 is used for fixing and tuning the cavity frequency in the rf quadrupole linear accelerator IH-RFQ 30.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the second cavity 320 includes: an outer case 321, a first ridge structure 322, a second ridge structure 323, four rod-type accelerating electrodes 324, and a plurality of electrode supporting rods 325. The first ridge structure 322 and the second ridge structure 323 are disposed on the inner surface of the outer casing 321, and the four rod-type accelerating electrodes 324 are connected to the first ridge structure 322 and the second ridge structure 323 via a plurality of electrode support rods 325, so that the accelerating electrodes can be replaced as needed. Preferably, the bar-type accelerating electrodes among the four bar-type accelerating electrodes 324 are oppositely disposed in pairs. The two rod-shaped accelerating electrodes distributed in the vertical direction are connected with the first ridge structure, and the two rod-shaped accelerating electrodes distributed in the horizontal direction are connected with the second ridge structure. For example, as shown in fig. 6, two rod-shaped accelerating electrodes 3241 distributed in the vertical direction are connected to the first ridge structure 322, and two rod-shaped accelerating electrodes 3242 distributed in the horizontal direction are connected to the second ridge structure 323; and vice versa.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the third cavity 330 includes: a first right chamber cover 331, a power coupler 332, a power extractor 333, and a vacuum port. The power coupler 332, the power extractor 333 and the vacuum port are respectively disposed on the outer surface of the first right chamber cover 331 through flanges. The power coupler 332 is used for receiving the power of the rf power source so as to make the resonant cavity of the rf quadrupole linear accelerator IH-RFQ30 in a resonant state. The power extractor 333 is used to provide the operating state of the high-frequency vacuum cavity for the low-level control system, and the vacuum pump vacuumizes the inside of the first high-frequency vacuum cavity of the radio-frequency quadrupole linear accelerator IH-RFQ30 through the vacuum port.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity of the radio-frequency quadrupole linear accelerator IH-RFQ30 is cylindrical, and adopts an H-mode multi-rod structure, and four rod-type accelerating electrodes 324 are sequentially divided into a Radial Matching Section (RMS), a micro-bunching section, a bunching section, and an accelerating section along the beam advancing direction. After being injected into a radio frequency quadrupole linear accelerator IH-RFQ30, a continuous beam drawn from the ion source 10 passes through a radial matching section, so that the phase space distribution of the continuous beam in the horizontal and vertical directions is associated with the generation of high-frequency oscillation to meet the injection phase space requirement of the accelerator. The micro-beam-focusing section processes the continuous beam current passing through the radial matching section, so that the continuous beam current forms a pulse beam with longitudinal intervals. The beam-bunching section is used for compressing the length of the pulse beam formed by the micro beam-bunching section to form a short pulse beam cluster. The acceleration section is used for accelerating the short pulse beam group, so that the particle beam is accelerated to an energy section which can be received by the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 50.
A first intermediate energy beam transport line 40, disposed at an output of the rf quadrupole linear accelerator IH-RFQ30, comprising: a plurality of quadrupole magnets. The plurality of quadrupole magnets are sequentially arranged between the radio frequency quadrupole field linear accelerator IH-RFQ30 and the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50, transversely-distributed asymmetric beams led out by the radio frequency quadrupole field linear accelerator IH-RFQ30 are converged into transversely-symmetrical and focused particle beams, transverse matching of the particle beams on the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50 is facilitated, and pressure of the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50 in the transverse focusing aspect is further reduced.
And the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50 is connected with the outlet of the first intermediate energy beam transport line 40 and is used for carrying out secondary pre-acceleration on the particle beam output by the first intermediate energy beam transport line 40 so as to accelerate the particle beam output by the first intermediate energy beam transport line 40 to second preset energy. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, if the particle beam is a proton, the second preset energy may be: 3-7 MeV; if the particle beam is 12 C 4+ The second preset energy may be 400 KeV/u-4 MeV/u for particles.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 7, the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50 includes a second high-frequency vacuum cavity, and the second high-frequency vacuum cavity specifically includes: a fourth cavity 510, a fifth cavity 520, and a sixth cavity 530. The fifth cavity 520 is disposed between the fourth cavity 510 and the sixth cavity 530, and forms a sealing structure with the fourth cavity 510 and the sixth cavity 530.
Specifically, the fourth cavity 510 includes: a second left cavity cover 511, two tunable tuners 512, and a fixed tuner 513. The two adjustable tuners 512 and the fixed tuner 513 are respectively arranged on the outer surface of the second left cavity cover 511, the two adjustable tuners 512 are used for adjusting the cavity frequency, the field distribution and the like in the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50 in real time, and the fixed tuner 513 is used for fixedly tuning the cavity frequency in the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 50.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the fifth cavity 520 includes: an outer shell 521, a third ridge structure 522, a fourth ridge structure 523, a plurality of drift tubes 524, and a plurality of drift tube support pedestals 525. The third ridge structure 522 and the fourth ridge structure 523 are disposed on the inner surface of the outer shell 521 opposite to each other, and the drift tubes 524 are disposed between the third ridge structure 522 and the fourth ridge structure 523 through the drift tube support seats 525. Preferably, half of the plurality of drift tubes 524 are connected to the third ridge structure 522, and the other half of the plurality of drift tubes are connected to the fourth ridge structure 523. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of drift tubes 524 are alternately connected to the third ridge structure 522 and the fourth ridge structure 523 through the drift tube supporting base 525, so that the inside of the second high-frequency vacuum cavity is divided into a plurality of alternating longitudinal focusing segments and transverse focusing segments along the proceeding direction of the incident particle beam. Preferably, a plurality of drift tubes 524 are arranged inside the cavity of the second high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity along the central axis of the second high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity, the axis of each drift tube 524 is coincident with the central axis of the second high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity, and the beam focusing mode of the drift tube sections is an alternating phase bunching mode.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the third cavity 530 includes: a second right chamber cover 531, a power coupler 532, a power extractor 533, and a vacuum port. The power coupler 532, the power extractor 533 and the vacuum port are respectively disposed on the outer surface of the second right chamber cover 531 through flanges. The power coupler 532 is used for receiving the power of the radio frequency power source so as to enable the resonant cavity of the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50 to be in a resonance state. The power extractor 533 is configured to provide an operating state of the high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity for the low-level control system, and the vacuum pump is configured to evacuate the inside of the first high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity of the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50 through the vacuum port.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the two ridge structures in the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50 are symmetrically arranged along the diameter of the cross section of the cavity, and are electrically connected to each other through the plurality of drift tube supporting bases 525 and the plurality of drift tubes 524, the plurality of drift tube supporting bases 525 and the two ridge structures separate the second high frequency vacuum resonant cavity into two halves. The two ridge structures and their associated drift tube support pedestals 525 create opposing potentials that create an accelerating electric field between the drift tubes 524. The two ridge structures may be symmetrically arranged in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction of the inner wall of the cavity of the high-frequency vacuum resonator.
A second intermediate energy beam transport line 60, which is disposed at the output end of the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50, and includes: a plurality of quadrupole magnets. The plurality of quadrupole magnets are sequentially arranged between the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50 and the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70, transversely-distributed asymmetric beams led out by the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50 are converged into transversely-symmetric and focused beams, transverse matching of the beams in the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70 is facilitated, and pressure of the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70 in the transverse focusing aspect is further reduced.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first intermediate energy beam transport line 40 and the second intermediate energy beam transport line 60 include a plurality of quadrupole magnets, preferably three quadrupole magnets, and the number of the plurality of quadrupole magnets may be set according to the actual application requirements, for example, the first intermediate energy beam transport line 40 and the second intermediate energy beam transport line 60 include two, four, or more quadrupole magnets to satisfy the transverse matching of the particle beam, and the number of the quadrupole magnets is not limited in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
And the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70 is connected with the outlet of the second intermediate energy beam transport line 60, and is used for performing third pre-acceleration on the particle beam output by the second intermediate energy beam transport line 60, so that the particle beam output by the second intermediate energy beam transport line 60 is accelerated to third preset energy. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, if the particle beam is a proton, the third preset energy may be: greater than 7MeV; if the particle beam is 12 C 4+ In the case of particles, the third preset energy may be 4MeV/u to 7MeV/u.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the structure of the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70 is the same as the structure of the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50, and the specific structure thereof is shown in fig. 7, fig. 8 and fig. 9, and the structure, the connection relationship of the components, and the functions of the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70 are not described in detail herein.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the high-frequency vacuum resonant cavities in the radio-frequency quadrupole linear accelerator 30, the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50 and the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70 all adopt three-layer cavity processing structures, so that the cavity and the acceleration structure are separated, and the vacuum inside the cavity is ensured in a mechanical connection mode. The high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity does not need welding, the risk of cavity deformation caused by the welding process is reduced, and the processing cost is reduced. Meanwhile, when the accelerating structure has a trip problem, the middle cavity and the accelerating structure can be conveniently replaced.
In addition, as the beam focusing modes of the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50 and the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70 adopt an interactive phase focusing mode, when the charged particle beam needs to be accelerated to higher design energy, the cavity of the drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL is too long, and the interactive focusing mode cannot meet beam focusing, the beam emittance is increased too much, and the beam transmission efficiency is reduced. The drift tube linear accelerator adopts APF-DTL alternating phase mode, namely positive phase gap, and beam is focused in the radial direction and defocused in the longitudinal direction. And in a negative phase gap, the beam defocuses in the radial direction and focuses in the transverse direction. Because the transverse focusing force is weaker, the transverse defocusing accumulation of the beam flow is overlarge after passing through a plurality of gaps, so that the beam transmission efficiency is not high and the beam quality is seriously reduced. The first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50 and the second drift tube linear accelerator 70 provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure use two sections of drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL resonant cavities to accelerate charged particle beams to design energy through reasonable physical design. By placing a beam transport line between the two sections of drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL resonant cavities along the advancing direction of charged particle beams, the transverse defocusing accumulated by the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50 is compensated, the beam quality at the entrance of the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70 is improved, and the efficiency of the whole linear accelerator and the beam quality are improved. Meanwhile, based on the design of the two-section drift tube linear accelerators, namely the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50 and the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70, the acceleration energy of each part of the linear accelerator is effectively reduced, and the design difficulty and the cavity processing difficulty are reduced.
And the high-energy beam transport line 80 is arranged at the output end of the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70 and is used for carrying out phase-space matching processing on the particle beam output by the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70 to obtain the particle beam after the phase-space matching processing and outputting the particle beam to the beam distribution device.
Specifically, the high-energy beam transport line 80 defines the beam in the vacuum duct in the horizontal and vertical directions by using quadrupole magnets with alternating magnetic polarities, performs phase-space matching processing on the charged particle beam extracted by the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70, and guides the beam to a beam delivery device of an injection port of the synchrotron by using dipole magnets distributed between the quadrupole magnets.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 1, the medical ion linear accelerator 100 further includes: a first integrated beam diagnostic element 910, a second integrated beam diagnostic element 920 and a third integrated beam diagnostic element 930. The first integrated beam diagnosis element 910 is disposed on the low-energy beam transport line 20, and is configured to monitor beam current intensity and phase space parameters on the low-energy beam transport line 20, obtain beam parameters at an inlet of the radio-frequency quadrupole linear accelerator 30, and further guide adjustment of magnet parameters on the low-energy beam transport line 20. The second integrated beam diagnosis element 920 is arranged on the first intermediate energy beam transport line 40 and is used for monitoring beam current intensity and phase space parameters on the first intermediate energy beam transport line 40 to obtain beam parameters at an inlet of the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50, and further guiding adjustment of magnet parameters on the first intermediate energy beam transport line 40. The third integrated beam diagnosis element 930 is disposed on the second intermediate energy beam transport line 60, and is configured to monitor beam intensity and phase space parameters on the second intermediate energy beam transport line 60, obtain beam parameters at an inlet of the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70, and further guide adjustment of magnet parameters on the second intermediate energy beam transport line 60. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the magnetic parameters specifically refer to the magnitude of the magnetic field gradient, and the like, and the first integrated beam diagnostic element 910, the second integrated beam diagnostic element 920, and the third integrated beam diagnostic element 930 may be the same integrated beam diagnostic element.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the medical ion linear accelerator 100 further includes: a power source and a distributed RF power distribution system. The first output end of the power source and distributed RF power distribution system is connected with one input end of the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50, the second output end of the power source and distributed RF power distribution system is connected with one input end of the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70, and the power source and distributed RF power distribution system is used for allocating the power of the high-frequency vacuum resonant cavities of the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50 and the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50 and the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70 share one power source and a distributed RF power distribution system, and the resonant cavity power input into the drift tube linear accelerator can be adjusted by an adjustable power distributor according to the power requirement of the resonant cavity of the drift tube linear accelerator in the actual operation process, so that the number of power sources is reduced, and the cost is saved.
It should be noted that the medical ion linear accelerator 100 provided in the present disclosure is a sealing structure, for example, the cavities and flanges, and the cavities and couplers in the radio frequency quadrupole linear accelerator 30, the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL50, and the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL 70 are all sealed by using sealing copper gaskets, and the cavities are sealed by O-rings to ensure a vacuum environment in the cavities.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the present disclosure has at least the following beneficial effects:
(1) The cylindrical high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity belongs to an H-mode four-bar structure, namely four bar-type accelerating electrodes are arranged in the cylindrical high-frequency resonant cavity, a pair of ridge structures are vertically and symmetrically arranged in the cylindrical high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity, a first ridge structure on the upper portion is connected with two accelerating electrodes in the four bar-type accelerating electrodes, and a second ridge structure on the lower portion is connected with two accelerating electrodes in the four accelerating electrodes. A high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity of the radio-frequency quadrupole linear accelerator IH-RFQ adopts a left cavity processing structure, a middle cavity processing structure and a right cavity processing structure, the cavities and the accelerating structures are separated, and vacuum is guaranteed through a mechanical connection mode. The high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity does not need to be welded, the risk of cavity deformation caused in the welding process is reduced, and the processing cost is reduced. Meanwhile, when the accelerating structure in the radio frequency quadrupole linear accelerator IH-RFQ breaks down, the middle cavity and the accelerating structure can be conveniently replaced.
(2) A drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL is adopted as a drift tube linear accelerator, a high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity of the drift tube linear accelerator is divided into a plurality of alternate longitudinal focusing sections and a plurality of alternate transverse focusing sections along the advancing direction of an incident particle beam, a pair of ridge structures and a plurality of drift tubes are vertically and symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the cavity of the high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity along the diameter of the cross section of the cavity, the drift tubes are arranged inside the cavity of the high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity along the central axis of the high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity and are sequentially and alternately fixed with different ridge structures through supporting rods, the axis of each drift tube coincides with the central axis of the high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity, and the beam focusing mode of the drift tube sections is an alternating phase bunching mode. The drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity adopts a left, middle and right three-layer cavity processing structure. The cavity and the accelerating structure are separated, and vacuum is ensured in a mechanical connection mode. The high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity does not need to be welded, the risk of cavity deformation caused in the welding process is reduced, and the processing cost is reduced. Meanwhile, when the acceleration structure in the drift tube linear accelerator has problems, the middle cavity and the acceleration structure can be conveniently replaced.
(3) And accelerating the charged particle beam to the designed energy by using two sections of drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL resonant cavities. By placing a beam transport line between the two sections of drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL resonant cavities along the advancing direction of the charged particle beam, the transverse defocusing accumulated by the first drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL is compensated, the beam quality at the entrance of the second drift tube linear accelerator APF-DTL is improved, and the efficiency of the whole linear accelerator and the beam quality are improved by about 10%. Meanwhile, the design of the APF-DTL of the two-section drift tube linear accelerator effectively reduces the acceleration energy of each part of the linear accelerator, and reduces the design difficulty and the cavity processing difficulty.
(4) The first drift tube linear accelerator 50 and the second drift tube linear accelerator 70 share one power source and a distributed RF power distribution system, and the resonant cavity power input into the drift tube linear accelerator can be allocated through an adjustable power divider according to the power requirement of the resonant cavity of the drift tube linear accelerator in the actual operation process, so that the number of power sources is reduced, and the cost is saved.
While the disclosure has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various combinations and/or combinations of features recited in the various embodiments and/or claims of the disclosure can be made to the extent not expressly recited in the disclosure. In particular, various combinations and/or combinations of the features recited in the various embodiments of the present disclosure and/or the claims may be made without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present disclosure. All such combinations and/or associations are within the scope of the present disclosure.
While the disclosure has been shown and described with reference to certain exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited to the above-described embodiments, but should be defined not only by the appended claims, but also by equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. A medical ion linear accelerator, comprising:
the system comprises an ion source, a low-energy beam transport line, a radio-frequency quadrupole field linear accelerator, a first intermediate energy beam transport line, a first drift tube linear accelerator, a second intermediate energy beam transport line, a second drift tube linear accelerator and a high-energy beam transport line which are connected in sequence; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the radio frequency quadrupole field linear accelerator comprises: a first high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity; the first high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity adopts an H-mode multi-rod structure and comprises a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity; wherein, the second cavity set up in first cavity with between the third cavity, and with first cavity with the third cavity constitutes seal structure, the second cavity includes: two ridge structures and four rod-type accelerating electrodes which are oppositely arranged; two of the four rod-shaped accelerating electrodes are connected with the first ridge structure, and the other two rod-shaped accelerating electrodes are connected with the second ridge structure.
2. The medical ion linear accelerator according to claim 1, wherein the four rod-type accelerating electrodes are arranged in pairs, wherein two rod-type accelerating electrodes are vertically connected to the first ridge structure, and two rod-type accelerating electrodes are horizontally connected to the second ridge structure.
3. The medical ion linac of claim 1, wherein the first drift tube linac and the second drift tube linac each comprise: a second high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity; wherein the second high-frequency vacuum cavity comprises: fourth cavity, fifth cavity and sixth cavity, wherein, the fifth cavity set up in the fourth cavity reaches between the sixth cavity, and with the fourth cavity reaches the sixth cavity constitutes seal structure, the fifth cavity includes: two ridge structures and a plurality of drift tubes that relative setting, half drift tube in a plurality of drift tubes is connected with third ridge structure, and half drift tube is connected with fourth ridge structure.
4. The medical ion linear accelerator according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of drift tubes are alternately connected to the third ridge structure and the fourth ridge structure via drift tube support bases, so that the interior of the second high frequency vacuum cavity is divided into a plurality of alternating longitudinal focusing segments and transverse focusing segments along the proceeding direction of the incident particle beam.
5. The medical ion linear accelerator of claim 3, wherein the fourth cavity comprises: the two adjustable tuners and the fixed tuner are respectively arranged on the outer surface of the left cavity cover; the sixth cavity includes: the second right cavity cover, the power coupler, the power extractor and the vacuum port are arranged on the outer surface of the right cavity cover respectively.
6. The medical ion linear accelerator of claim 2, wherein the first cavity comprises: the first left cavity cover, the two adjustable tuners and the fixed tuner; the two adjustable tuners and the fixed tuner are respectively arranged on the outer surface of the first left cavity cover; the third cavity includes: the vacuum cavity comprises a first right cavity cover, a power coupler, a power extractor and a vacuum port, wherein the power coupler, the power extractor and the vacuum port are respectively arranged on the outer surface of the first right cavity cover.
7. The medical ion linac of claim 1, further comprising:
the first output end of the power source and the distributed RF power distribution system is connected with one input end of the first drift tube linear accelerator, and the second output end of the power source and the distributed RF power distribution system is connected with one input end of the second drift tube linear accelerator, and is used for allocating the power of the high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity of the first drift tube linear accelerator and the power of the high-frequency vacuum resonant cavity of the second drift tube linear accelerator.
8. The medical ion linac of claim 1, further comprising:
a first integrated beam diagnosis element for monitoring the state of the particle beam output by the low-energy beam transport line;
a second integrated beam diagnosis element for monitoring the state of the particle beam output by the first intermediate energy beam transport line;
and the third integrated beam diagnosis element is used for monitoring the state of the particle beam output by the second intermediate energy beam transport line.
9. The medical ion linear accelerator according to claim 1, wherein the first intermediate energy beam transport line and the second intermediate energy beam transport line each comprise: and the plurality of quadrupole magnets converge the particle beam on the beam transport line into a transversely symmetrical and focused particle beam.
10. The medical ion linear accelerator of claim 1, wherein the rf quadrupole linear accelerator accelerates the particle beam output from the low energy beam transport line to a first preset energy, the first drift tube linear accelerator accelerates the particle beam output from the first intermediate energy beam transport line to a second preset energy, and the second drift tube linear accelerator accelerates the particle beam output from the second intermediate energy beam transport line to a third preset energy; wherein the first preset energy, the second preset energy and the third preset energy are different in magnitude.
CN202210925575.9A 2022-08-02 2022-08-02 Medical ion linear accelerator Pending CN115279008A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116156730A (en) * 2023-01-09 2023-05-23 中国科学院近代物理研究所 Structure of axial injector for cyclotron

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116156730A (en) * 2023-01-09 2023-05-23 中国科学院近代物理研究所 Structure of axial injector for cyclotron
CN116156730B (en) * 2023-01-09 2023-11-21 中国科学院近代物理研究所 Structure of axial injector for cyclotron

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