CN115275643A - Microstrip antenna with customizable beam inclination angle and design method thereof - Google Patents
Microstrip antenna with customizable beam inclination angle and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention provides a microstrip antenna with a customizable beam inclination angle and a design method thereof, wherein the microstrip antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a metal floor, a 50 omega coaxial line feed and a microstrip patch antenna array attached to the dielectric substrate, the microstrip patch antenna array comprises a plurality of sub-wavelength excitation patches which are arranged on the dielectric substrate at equal intervals, the metal floor is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, the 50 omega coaxial line feed is arranged on the lower surface of the metal floor, and the 50 omega coaxial line feed is connected with one sub-wavelength excitation patch in the microstrip patch antenna array through the metal floor; design methodAccording to the definition of beam inclination angle theta 0 Calculating the phase difference between adjacent patches and the corresponding specific size by a formula derived from generalized Snell's law; the microstrip antenna has the advantages of simple structure, low profile, low loss and easiness in processing for a single-layer structure, and can be applied to a plurality of platforms with limited space by virtue of the characteristics of customizable beam inclination angle, compact size, simple structure, low profile height and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a microstrip antenna with a customizable beam inclination angle and a design method thereof.
Background
The slant beam antenna can focus a main beam in a desired direction with higher gain, and has advantages of increasing channel capacity, improving signal-to-interference ratio, and increasing data transmission rate. These antennas are widely used in wireless communication systems including base stations, radars, satellites, etc. With the development of modern wireless systems toward miniaturization, high capacity and integration, there is a strong desire to obtain compact, wide bandwidth and customized tilt beam antennas.
Although the traditional planar microstrip quasi-yagi antenna can realize the adjustment of the beam inclination angle, the traditional planar microstrip quasi-yagi antenna does not have the function of quantitative calculation adjustment, and the predefined beam inclination angle is difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
One object of the present invention is to provide a design method for a microstrip antenna with customizable beam tilt angle, which includes a plurality of sub-wavelength excitation patches arranged at equal intervals.
The invention is realized by the technical scheme, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) Predefining the beam inclination angle theta according to the requirement 0 The specific numerical values of (a);
2) Determining the size of the subwavelength excitation patch at the initial position according to the equivalent refractive index range of the subwavelength excitation patch;
3) According to a defined beam tilt angle theta 0 Calculating the phase difference required between adjacent patches and the corresponding specific size by a formula derived from the generalized Snell's law;
4) And determining the number of the sub-wavelength excitation patches according to the equivalent refractive index range of the sub-wavelength excitation patches.
Further, the specific method for determining the size of the sub-wavelength excitation patch at the initial position in the step 2) comprises the following steps:
the subwavelength excitation patch comprises a middle vertical plate and transverse plates at two ends of the vertical plate, and a mathematical relation between the transverse plate arm length and the equivalent refractive index is established:
n i ＝1.09129-0.01392l i +0.0015l i 2 +0.000321445l i 3
in the formula, n i Is the equivalent refractive index of the ith sub-wavelength excitation patch, l i The length of a transverse plate arm of the ith sub-wavelength excitation patch;
and selecting the equivalent refractive index of the subwavelength excitation patch at the initial position according to the equivalent refractive index range of the subwavelength excitation patch, and calculating the size of the subwavelength excitation patch at the initial position according to the equivalent refractive index.
Further, the specific method for calculating the phase difference and the corresponding specific size required between the adjacent patches comprises the following steps:
the required phase difference between adjacent patches is calculated according to a formula derived from generalized Snell's law:
in the formula, n i The equivalent refractive index for the ith sub-wavelength excitation patch,
for the reflection phase of the ith current sub-wavelength excitation patch,
is the reflection phase of the i +1 th sub-wavelength excitation patch, p is the unit period of the wavelength excitation patch, and lambda 0 Is a free space wavelength, theta 0 Is a predefined beam tilt angle;
according to calculationReflection phase of the (i + 1) th sub-wavelength excitation patch
Calculating the arm length l of the (i + 1) th sub-wavelength excitation patch transverse plate i+1 。
It is another object of the present invention to provide a microstrip antenna with customizable beam tilt angles.
The invention aims to realize the technical scheme, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a metal floor, a 50 omega coaxial line feed and a microstrip patch antenna array attached to the dielectric substrate;
the microstrip patch antenna array comprises a plurality of sub-wavelength excitation patches which are arranged on the dielectric substrate at equal intervals, and the metal floor is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate;
the 50 omega coaxial line feed is arranged on the lower surface of the metal floor, and the 50 omega coaxial line feed is connected with one sub-wavelength excitation patch of the micro-strip patch antenna array through the metal floor.
Furthermore, the sizes of the plurality of sub-wavelength excitation patches which are arranged on the dielectric substrate at equal intervals are different.
Furthermore, the shapes of the sub-wavelength excitation patches are all in an I shape.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a design method of a microstrip antenna with customizable beam tilt angles, which is used for designing the above microstrip antenna.
The invention is realized by the technical scheme, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) Predefining the beam inclination angle theta according to the requirement 0 The specific numerical values of (a);
2) Determining the size of the subwavelength excitation patch at the initial position according to the equivalent refractive index range of the subwavelength excitation patch;
3) According to a defined beam tilt angle theta 0 Calculating the phase difference and the corresponding specific size required between the adjacent patches according to a formula derived from the generalized Snell's law;
4) And determining the number of the sub-wavelength excitation patches according to the equivalent refractive index range of the sub-wavelength excitation patches.
Further, the specific method for determining the size of the subwavelength excitation patch at the initial position in the step 2) is as follows:
the subwavelength excitation patch comprises a middle vertical plate and transverse plates at two ends of the vertical plate, and a mathematical relation between the transverse plate arm length and the equivalent refractive index is established:
n i ＝1.09129-0.01392l i +0.0015l i 2 +0.000321445l i 3
in the formula, n i Is the equivalent refractive index of the ith sub-wavelength excitation patch, l i The transverse plate arm length of the ith sub-wavelength excitation patch is set;
and selecting the equivalent refractive index of the subwavelength excitation patch at the initial position according to the equivalent refractive index range of the subwavelength excitation patch, and calculating the size of the subwavelength excitation patch at the initial position according to the equivalent refractive index.
Further, the specific method for calculating the phase difference and the corresponding specific size required between the adjacent patches comprises the following steps:
the required phase difference between adjacent patches is calculated according to a formula derived from generalized Snell's law:
in the formula, n i The equivalent refractive index for the ith sub-wavelength excitation patch,
for the reflection phase of the ith current sub-wavelength excitation patch,
is the reflection phase of the i +1 th sub-wavelength excitation patch, p is the unit period of the wavelength excitation patch, and lambda 0 Is a free space wavelength, theta 0 Is a predefined beam tilt angle;
according to the calculated (i + 1) th sub-wavelengthReflection phase of excitation patch
Calculating the arm length l of the (i + 1) th sub-wavelength excitation patch transverse plate i+1 。
Further, the arm length and the number of the sub-wavelength excitation patches are designed by adopting the design method of the microstrip antenna with the customizable beam inclination angle.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the microstrip patch antenna array is designed based on a plurality of sub-wavelength metal patches with different sizes, under the condition that the period of a patch unit is kept unchanged, the adjustment of the refractive index of the periodic patch unit can be realized only by modulating the specific size of the periodically loaded sub-wavelength metal patch, and the arrangement of the patch units with different sizes corresponding to the refractive index distribution meeting the customized beam inclination angle is synthesized, so that the design of wide bandwidth, stable radiation pattern, customizable beam inclination angle and compact size of the antenna array can be effectively realized.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof.
Drawings
The drawings of the present invention are described below.
Fig. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of the antenna at 50 ° deflection of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the antenna at a 50 deg. deflection of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front view of the antenna at a 50 deg. deflection of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a corresponding relationship between the equivalent refractive index of the i-shaped sub-wavelength excitation patch and the size of the patch.
FIG. 5 is a corresponding index relationship between the equivalent refractive index and the reflection phase when the I-shaped sub-wavelength excitation patch of the present invention is set to deflect 50 °.
FIG. 6 is a corresponding index relationship between the equivalent refractive index and the reflection phase when the E-shaped sub-wavelength excitation patch of the present invention is set to deflect 30 °.
Fig. 7 is a graph of the reflection coefficient at 50 deg. deflection of the present invention.
Figure 8 is the radiation pattern of the yz plane at the frequency point of 5.8GHz at a 50 deg. deflection of the present invention.
Figure 9 is the radiation pattern of the yz plane at a 50 deg. deflection of the present invention over the frequency range of 5.6-6.2 GHz.
Fig. 10 is an overall schematic diagram of the antenna of the present invention at a 30 deg. deflection.
Fig. 11 is a top view of the antenna at 30 deg. deflection of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a front view of the antenna at a 30 deg. deflection of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a graph of the reflection coefficient at 30 ° deflection of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a radiation pattern of the yz plane at a frequency of 5.8GHz at a 30 ° deflection of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is the radiation pattern of the yz plane at 30 ° deflection for the present invention over the frequency range of 5.6-6.2 GHz.
Wherein: 1-a dielectric substrate; 2-metal floor; feeding coaxial line of 3-50 omega; 4-subwavelength excitation patch.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Example 1:
a microstrip antenna with a beam tilt angle of 50 ° as shown in fig. 1-3, which includes a dielectric substrate 1, a metal floor 2, a 50 Ω coaxial feed 3, and a microstrip patch antenna array attached to the dielectric substrate 1;
the microstrip patch antenna array comprises a plurality of sub-wavelength excitation patches 4 which are arranged on the dielectric substrate 1 at equal intervals, and the metal floor 2 is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1;
the 50 omega coaxial line feed 3 is arranged on the lower surface of the metal floor 2, and the 50 omega coaxial line feed 3 is connected with one sub-wavelength excitation patch 4 in the micro-strip patch antenna array through the metal floor 2.
In the embodiment of the invention, the microstrip patch antenna array adopts a bottom feed feeding mode, the metal floor 2 is connected with the leftmost sub-wavelength excitation patch 4 in the microstrip patch antenna array, and a surface wave can be excited only by one feeding point, so that the whole antenna array is excited.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the size of the plurality of sub-wavelength excitation patches 4 disposed on the dielectric substrate 1 at equal intervals is different.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the subwavelength excitation patches 4 are all in an i shape.
In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped substrate having a length l 50,0 Is 100mm, width w 50,0 Is 26mm, and has a thickness h 50 4mm, the material model selects Rogers RT/duroid 5880, the relative dielectric constant is 2.2, the relative magnetic conductivity is 1.0, the loss tangent is 0.0009, and the sub-wavelength excitation patches 4 on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1 are all copper-clad films with the same thickness.
The distance between two adjacent sub-wavelength excitation patches 4 is 1.3mm, and the period p 50 Are all 13mm; the I-shaped sub-wavelength excitation patch 4 comprises a middle vertical plate and transverse plates at two ends of the vertical plate, wherein the length l of the vertical plate 50,s Are all 9.1mm, the width w of the vertical plate 50,1 Are all 3mm, the width w of the transverse plate 50,2 1.3mm, the distance l between the center point of the riser of the leftmost subwavelength excitation patch 4 and the 50 omega coaxial feed 3 50,f Is 3.3mm.
The number of the I-shaped sub-wavelength excitation patches 4 and the length of the arms are designed by a design method of the microstrip antenna.
A design method of a microstrip antenna with a beam inclination angle of 50 degrees comprises the following specific steps:
1) Predefining the beam inclination angle theta according to the requirement 0 The specific numerical values of (a);
in an embodiment of the invention, the pre-desired beam tilt angle is 50 °.
2) Determining the size of the subwavelength excitation patch at the initial position according to the equivalent refractive index range of the subwavelength excitation patch; the specific method comprises the following steps:
the subwavelength excitation patch comprises a middle vertical plate and transverse plates at two ends of the vertical plate, and a mathematical relation between the transverse plate arm length and the equivalent refractive index is established:
n 50,i ＝1.09129-0.01392l 50,i +0.0015l 50,i 2 +0.000321445l 50,i 3
in the formula, n 50,i Is the equivalent refractive index of the ith sub-wavelength excitation patch, l 50,i The transverse plate arm length of the ith sub-wavelength excitation patch is set;
and selecting the equivalent refractive index of the subwavelength excitation patch at the initial position according to the equivalent refractive index range of the subwavelength excitation patch, and calculating the size of the subwavelength excitation patch at the initial position according to the equivalent refractive index.
In the embodiment of the invention, the refractive index of the microstrip patch antenna and the specific size of the microstrip patch antenna have positive correlation characteristics, and under the condition of keeping the period of the microstrip patch array element unchanged, the refractive index of the microstrip patch unit can be adjusted by modulating the specific size of the microstrip patch array element.
In the embodiment of the invention, the equivalent refractive index n 50,i Is in the range of 1.07 to 1.68, and the equivalent refractive index n of the initial subwavelength excitation patch (leftmost subwavelength excitation patch) is selected according to the range of the equivalent refractive index 50，1 1.68, exciting the equivalent refractive index n of the patch according to the initial sub-wavelength 50，1 Calculating to obtain the transverse plate arm length l of the initial sub-wavelength excitation patch 50,1 Is 11.89mm.
3) According to a defined beam tilt angle theta 0 Calculating the phase difference and the corresponding specific size required between the adjacent patches according to a formula derived from the generalized Snell's law; the specific method comprises the following steps:
the required phase difference between adjacent patches is calculated according to a formula derived from generalized Snell's law:
in the formula, n 50,i The equivalent refractive index for the ith sub-wavelength excitation patch,
for the reflection phase of the ith current sub-wavelength excitation patch,
for the reflection phase, p, of the i +1 th sub-wavelength excitation patch 50 For wavelength-excited patch-element period, λ 0 Is a free space wavelength, theta 0 Is a predefined beam tilt angle;
according to the calculated reflection phase of the (i + 1) th sub-wavelength excitation patch
Calculating the arm length l of the (i + 1) th sub-wavelength excitation patch transverse plate 50,i+1 。
In the present example, the detailed refractive index modulation principle is developed from the broad refraction law, in which the equivalent refractive index is directly calculated from the dispersion curve of the microstrip patch element, and the reflection phase is mapped to the refractive index by using the equivalent transmission line theory and the transverse resonance technique.
In the present example, the diaphragm arm length l of the initial sub-wavelength excitation patch is set 50,1 Substituting into figure 5 to obtain the reflection phase of the microstrip patch array element under the arm length size
Is-200 degrees, and the reflection phase of the next microstrip patch array element required for realizing the beam inclination angle of 50 degrees at 5.8GHz is calculated by the formula
Is-117.42 °, and the transverse plate arm length l of the next subwavelength excitation patch is indexed by fig. 4 and 5 50,2 8.01mm, and so on, the specific size of the transverse plate arm length of all the sub-wavelength excitation patches can be obtained.
4) And determining the number of the sub-wavelength excitation patches according to the equivalent refractive index range of the sub-wavelength excitation patches.
In the present embodiment, when the equivalent refractive index of the next subwavelength excitation patch is out of the range of the equivalent refractive index, the calculation of the size and the number of all the current subwavelength excitation patches is stopped, as shown in table 1.
Table 1 patch unit arm length dimension l of the invention 50,i Equivalent refractive index n 50,i Phase of reflection
Correspondence table
After the initial design is completed, high frequency electromagnetic simulation software HFSS2020 is used for simulation analysis, and after simulation optimization, the dimensions of various parameters are obtained as shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 table of optimum dimensions for various parameters of the present invention
According to the parameters, the characteristic parameters of-10-dB impedance matching (S11), radiation patterns and the like of a designed microstrip antenna (deflected by 50 degrees) with a customizable beam inclination angle are simulated and analyzed by using HFSS2020, and the analysis result is as follows:
FIG. 7 is a graph of the reflection coefficient at 50 deflection of the present invention, as the antenna' S | S 11 When | < -10dB, the impedance bandwidth range of the antenna is 4.79-6.74GHz.
FIG. 8 is the yz plane radiation pattern at 5.8GHz at 50 deflection of the present invention, with a beam deflection angle of 50, maximum gain of 10.87dBi, and cross polarization below-40 dB.
Fig. 9 is a radiation pattern of the yz plane in the frequency point range of 5.6-6.2GHz at 50 ° deflection of the present invention, the main beam of which is almost fixed at 50 ° in the frequency range, illustrating that the antenna has stable tilted beam radiation characteristics.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 10-12, a microstrip antenna with a beam tilt angle of 30 ° includes a dielectric substrate 1, a metal floor 2, a 50 Ω coaxial feed 3, and a microstrip patch antenna array attached to the dielectric substrate 1;
the microstrip patch antenna array comprises a plurality of sub-wavelength excitation patches 4 which are arranged on the dielectric substrate 1 at equal intervals, and the metal floor 2 is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1;
the 50 omega coaxial line feed 3 is arranged on the lower surface of the metal floor 2, and the 50 omega coaxial line feed 3 is connected with one sub-wavelength excitation patch 4 in the micro-strip patch antenna array through the metal floor 2.
In the embodiment of the invention, the microstrip patch antenna array adopts a bottom feed feeding mode, the metal floor 2 is connected with the leftmost sub-wavelength excitation patch 4 in the microstrip patch antenna array, and a surface wave can be excited only by one feeding point, so that the whole antenna array is excited.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the size of the plurality of sub-wavelength excitation patches 4 disposed on the dielectric substrate 1 at equal intervals is different.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the subwavelength excitation patches 4 are all in an i shape.
In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped substrate having a length l 30,0 Is 61mm, width w 30,0 Is 26mm, and has a thickness h 30 4mm, the material model is Rogers RT/duroid 5880, the relative dielectric constant is 2.2, the relative magnetic conductivity is 1.0, and the loss tangent is0.0009, the sub-wavelength excitation patches 4 on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1 are all copper-clad films with the same thickness.
Period p of two adjacent subwavelength excitation patches 4 30 Are all 13mm; the I-shaped sub-wavelength excitation patch 4 comprises a middle vertical plate and transverse plates at two ends of the vertical plate, wherein the length l of the vertical plate 30,s Are all 9.1mm, the width w of the vertical plate 30,1 Are all 3mm, the width w of the transverse plate 30,2 1.3mm, the distance l between the center point of the riser of the leftmost subwavelength excitation patch 4 and the 50 omega coaxial feed 3 30,f Is 3.3mm.
The number of the I-shaped sub-wavelength excitation patches 4 and the length of the arms are designed by a design method of the microstrip antenna.
A design method of a microstrip antenna with a beam inclination angle of 30 degrees comprises the following specific steps:
1) Predefining the beam inclination angle theta according to the requirement 0 The specific numerical values of (a);
in an embodiment of the invention, the pre-desired beam tilt angle is 30 °.
2) Determining the size of the subwavelength excitation patch at the initial position according to the equivalent refractive index range of the subwavelength excitation patch; the specific method comprises the following steps:
the subwavelength excitation patch comprises a middle vertical plate and transverse plates at two ends of the vertical plate, and a mathematical relation between the transverse plate arm length and the equivalent refractive index is established:
n 30,i ＝1.09129-0.01392l 30,i +0.0015l 30,i 2 +0.000321445l 30,i 3
in the formula, n 30,i Is the equivalent refractive index of the ith sub-wavelength excitation patch, l 30,i The transverse plate arm length of the ith sub-wavelength excitation patch is set;
and selecting the equivalent refractive index of the subwavelength excitation patch at the initial position according to the equivalent refractive index range of the subwavelength excitation patch, and calculating the size of the subwavelength excitation patch at the initial position according to the equivalent refractive index.
In the embodiment of the invention, the refractive index of the microstrip patch antenna has a positive correlation characteristic with the specific size of the microstrip patch antenna, and under the condition of keeping the period of the microstrip patch array element unchanged, the refractive index of the microstrip patch unit can be adjusted by modulating the specific size of the microstrip patch array element.
In the embodiment of the invention, the equivalent refractive index n 30,i Is in the range of 1.07 to 1.68, and the equivalent refractive index n of the initial subwavelength excitation patch (leftmost subwavelength excitation patch) is selected according to the range of the equivalent refractive index 30，1 1.68, the equivalent refractive index n of the patch according to the initial subwavelength excitation 30，1 Calculating to obtain the transverse plate arm length l of the initial sub-wavelength excitation patch 30,1 Is 11.89mm.
3) According to a defined beam tilt angle theta 0 Calculating the phase difference required between adjacent patches and the corresponding specific size by a formula derived from the generalized Snell's law; the specific method comprises the following steps:
the required phase difference between adjacent patches is calculated according to a formula derived from generalized Snell's law:
in the formula, n 30,i The equivalent refractive index for the ith sub-wavelength excitation patch,
for the reflection phase of the ith current sub-wavelength excitation patch,
for the reflection phase, p, of the i +1 th sub-wavelength excitation patch 30 For wavelength-excited patch-element period, λ 0 Is a free space wavelength, theta 0 Is a predefined beam tilt angle;
according to the calculated reflection phase of the (i + 1) th sub-wavelength excitation patch
Calculating the (i + 1) th sub-wavelength excitation patch transverse plateLength of arm l 30,i+1 。
In the present example, the detailed refractive index modulation principle is developed from the broad refraction law, in which the equivalent refractive index is directly calculated from the dispersion curve of the microstrip patch element, and the reflection phase is mapped to the refractive index by using the equivalent transmission line theory and the transverse resonance technique.
In the present example, the diaphragm arm length l of the initial sub-wavelength excitation patch is set 30,1 Substituting into figure 6 to obtain the reflection phase of the microstrip patch array element under the arm length size
Is-194.70 degrees, and the reflection phase of the next microstrip patch array element required for realizing the beam inclination angle of 30 degrees at 5.8GHz is calculated by the formula
Is-88.11 °, and then the length l of the transverse plate arm of the next sub-wavelength excitation patch is led out through the cables in fig. 4 and 6 30,2 6.58mm, and so on, the specific size of the transverse plate arm length of all the sub-wavelength excitation patches can be obtained.
4) And determining the number of the sub-wavelength excitation patches according to the equivalent refractive index range of the sub-wavelength excitation patches.
In the present embodiment, when the equivalent refractive index of the next subwavelength excitation patch is out of the range of the equivalent refractive index, the calculation of the size and the number of all the current subwavelength excitation patches is stopped, as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Long dimension l of the patch unit arm of the present invention 30,i Equivalent refractive index n 30,i Reflection phase
Correspondence table
After the initial design is completed, high frequency electromagnetic simulation software HFSS2020 is used for simulation analysis, and after simulation optimization, the dimensions of various parameters are obtained as shown in Table 4:
TABLE 4 table of optimum dimensions for various parameters of the present invention
According to the parameters, the characteristic parameters of-10-dB impedance matching (S11), radiation patterns and the like of a designed microstrip antenna (deflected by 30 degrees) with a customizable beam inclination angle are simulated and analyzed by using HFSS2020, and the analysis result is as follows:
fig. 13 is a graph of the reflection coefficient at 30 ° deflection of the present invention, the impedance bandwidth of the present antenna is in the range of 5.04-6.84GHz when the antenna has | S11| < -10 dB.
FIG. 14 is the yz plane radiation pattern at 5.8GHz at 30 ° deflection, with a beam deflection angle of 30 °, maximum gain of 8.42dBi, and cross polarization below-40 dB.
Fig. 15 is a radiation pattern of the yz plane in the frequency range of 5.6-6.2GHz at 30 ° deflection of the present invention, the main beam of which is almost fixed at 30 ° in the frequency range, illustrating that the antenna has stable tilted beam radiation characteristics.
In summary, the antenna has a low profile height, an impedance matching range from 4.79GHz to 6.74GHz, a predefined beam tilt angle of 50 °/30 ° is achieved, and the antenna has good impedance matching characteristics and a good and stable radiation pattern.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A design method of a microstrip antenna with a customizable beam inclination angle is characterized in that the design method of the microstrip antenna comprises the following specific steps:
1) Predefining beam tilt angle theta according to requirements 0 The specific numerical values of (a);
2) Determining the size of the subwavelength excitation patch at the initial position according to the equivalent refractive index range of the subwavelength excitation patch;
3) According to a defined beam tilt angle theta 0 Calculating the phase difference and the corresponding specific size required between the adjacent patches according to a formula derived from the generalized Snell's law;
4) And determining the number of the sub-wavelength excitation patches according to the equivalent refractive index range of the sub-wavelength excitation patches.
2. A design method of a microstrip antenna with a customizable beam inclination angle is characterized in that a specific method for determining the size of a subwavelength excitation patch at an initial position in step 2) is as follows:
the subwavelength excitation patch comprises a middle vertical plate and transverse plates at two ends of the vertical plate, and a mathematical relation between the transverse plate arm length and the equivalent refractive index is established:
n i ＝1.09129-0.01392l i +0.0015l i 2 +0.000321445l i 3
in the formula, n i Is the equivalent refractive index of the ith sub-wavelength excitation patch, l i The transverse plate arm length of the ith sub-wavelength excitation patch is set;
and selecting the equivalent refractive index of the subwavelength excitation patch at the initial position according to the equivalent refractive index range of the subwavelength excitation patch, and calculating the size of the subwavelength excitation patch at the initial position according to the equivalent refractive index.
3. A design method for a microstrip antenna with a customizable beam inclination angle is characterized in that a specific method for calculating a phase difference required between adjacent patches and a corresponding specific size is as follows:
the required phase difference between adjacent patches is calculated according to a formula derived from generalized Snell's law:
in the formula, n i The equivalent refractive index for the ith sub-wavelength excitation patch,
for the reflection phase of the ith current sub-wavelength excitation patch,
is the reflection phase of the i +1 th sub-wavelength excitation patch, p is the unit period of the wavelength excitation patch, and lambda 0 Is a free space wavelength, theta 0 Is a predefined beam tilt angle;
according to the calculated reflection phase of the (i + 1) th sub-wavelength excitation patch
Calculating the arm length l of the (i + 1) th sub-wavelength excitation patch transverse plate i+1 。
4. A microstrip antenna with a customizable beam inclination angle is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate (1), a metal floor (2), a 50 omega coaxial line feed (3) and a microstrip patch antenna array attached to the dielectric substrate (1);
the microstrip patch antenna array comprises a plurality of sub-wavelength excitation patches (4) which are arranged on the dielectric substrate (1) at equal intervals, and the metal floor (2) is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (1);
the 50 omega coaxial line feed (3) is arranged on the lower surface of the metal floor (2), and the 50 omega coaxial line feed (3) is connected with one sub-wavelength excitation patch (4) of the micro-strip patch antenna array through the metal floor (2).
5. The microstrip antenna with customizable beam tilt according to claim 4, characterized in that several subwavelength excitation patches (4) equally spaced on said dielectric substrate (1) have different sizes.
6. The microstrip antenna with customizable beam tilt according to claim 4, characterized in that the shape of said subwavelength excitation patch (4) is "I" shaped.
7. The microstrip antenna with customizable beam tilt according to claim 4, characterized in that the arms length and number of the subwavelength excitation patches (4) are designed using the design method of the microstrip antenna with customizable beam tilt according to any of claims 1-3.
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