CN115264533B - Natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber adopting central ignition and combustion method - Google Patents
Natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber adopting central ignition and combustion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115264533B CN115264533B CN202210873287.3A CN202210873287A CN115264533B CN 115264533 B CN115264533 B CN 115264533B CN 202210873287 A CN202210873287 A CN 202210873287A CN 115264533 B CN115264533 B CN 115264533B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
- F23R3/346—Feeding into different combustion zones for staged combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/38—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising rotary fuel injection means
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
A natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber with central ignition and a combustion method are adopted. The composition of the invention comprises: the flame tube is connected with the coaxial grading head part; the coaxial classification head comprises an inner-stage hub, an outer-stage hub, an igniter fixing seat, an outer-stage swirl vane, an inner-stage swirl vane, a fuel rod, an inner-stage fuel pipe and an outer-stage fuel pipe, wherein the inner-stage hub, the outer-stage hub and the igniter fixing seat are coaxially nested, and the igniter fixing seat is positioned at the center of the coaxial classification head. The invention can improve ignition stability, realize fuel grading and zonal combustion, reduce pollutant discharge and prevent head ablation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of combustion chambers of gas turbines, in particular to a natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber adopting central ignition and a combustion method.
Background
Modern low pollution gas turbines are widely controlled by lean premixed combustion technology, which reduces the combustion equivalence ratio and combustion temperature by mainly increasing the air inflow of head air and enhancing the mixing uniformity of fuel and air, thereby reducing the generation rate of thermal nitrogen oxides.
Because the lean premixed combustion chamber has larger head air inflow and lower combustion equivalent, the ignition is difficult to perform at a position far away from the head, and the flame stability is poor. To improve combustion stability in lean premixed combustors, the concept of staged, staged combustion has been proposed to stabilize the flame, i.e., the simultaneous presence of relatively low and high equivalence ratio combustion zones within the combustor. The reliable ignition and stable combustion are realized, and the lean premixed combustion chamber is a key technology. The ignition at the center of the head of the combustion chamber has higher ignition reliability, and the arrangement of the step structure at the tail end of the outlet of the head to form a step backflow area is an effective means for realizing zone combustion.
There are also many applications in recent years in China for coaxial staged combustor patents. The patent No. 201910312864.X discloses a coaxial grading swirl and blending integrated head for a gas fuel combustion chamber, the main body part is a three-stage blending/swirl integrated tower type swirler, an outlet step structure is not arranged, and the fuel cannot be burned in a partitioned way. The patent number 202010034769.0 discloses a central graded lean premixed low-pollution combustion chamber, the head of which consists of a central stage positioned at the center and a coaxially nested main combustion stage, wherein the central stage consists of a film-forming air atomizing nozzle and a two-stage cyclone, the main combustion stage consists of a plurality of direct nozzles with annular air and a main combustion stage cyclone, the fuel of the combustion chamber is liquid fuel, and igniter electrodes cannot be arranged at the central position of the head. The patent number 202110747716.8 discloses a central grading combustion chamber based on self-excitation sweeping oscillation fuel nozzles, which consists of an outer shell, a main combustion stage and a precombustion stage which are coaxial with the outer shell, wherein fuel of the combustion chamber is fuel oil, and the ignition position is not in the central position of a head.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber adopting central ignition and a combustion method, which are used for improving ignition stability, realizing fuel staged and zoned combustion, reducing pollutant emission and preventing head ablation.
The above object is achieved by the following technical scheme:
a natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber employing center ignition comprising: the flame tube is connected with the coaxial grading head part;
the coaxial classification head comprises an inner-stage hub, an outer-stage hub, an igniter fixing seat, an outer-stage swirl vane, an inner-stage swirl vane, a fuel rod, an inner-stage fuel pipe and an outer-stage fuel pipe, wherein the inner-stage hub, the outer-stage hub and the igniter fixing seat are coaxially nested, and the igniter fixing seat is positioned at the center of the coaxial classification head;
the outer stage swirl blades are positioned between the outer stage hub and the inner stage hub;
the inner-stage swirl blades are positioned between the inner-stage hub and the igniter fixing seat;
the fuel rod is positioned between the inner-stage hub and the igniter fixing seat and is positioned at the upstream of the inner-stage swirl vane.
Further, the outer-stage hub is provided with an outer-stage fuel annular cavity, the outer-stage fuel annular cavity is communicated with an outer-stage fuel pipe, the outer-stage swirl vanes are provided with vane fuel cavities, a group of vane fuel spray holes are formed in the outer-stage swirl vanes, and fuel flows into the vane fuel cavities from the outer-stage fuel annular cavity and is sprayed out from the vane fuel spray holes.
Further, the inner-stage hub is provided with an inner-stage fuel annular cavity, the inner-stage fuel annular cavity is communicated with an inner-stage fuel pipe, and the hollow fuel rod is connected with the inner-stage fuel annular cavity.
Further, 2-5 fuel rod fuel spray holes are arranged in the direction of the fuel rods, which is close to the inner-stage swirl vanes, the aperture of each fuel rod fuel spray hole is 0.8-1.5 mm, fuel flows into the fuel rods from the inner-stage fuel annular cavity and is sprayed out from the fuel rod fuel spray holes, and the number of the fuel rods is the same as that of the inner-stage swirl vanes.
Further, the inner-stage hub is divided into two layers of shells, and a hollow structure is arranged between the two layers of shells; the tail end of the inner-stage hub is provided with a step structure, the step structure is used for forming a step backflow area to realize the zonal combustion of inner and outer two-stage fuels, and step cooling holes are arranged on the step structure to cool the end face of the outlet of the head.
Further, the step structure is symmetrical along the central line of the inner-stage hubs, so that the inner-stage airflow and the outer-stage airflow are accelerated at the positions, and tempering is prevented.
Further, the height of the step structure is 10% -20% of the maximum diameter of the coaxial grading head.
Further, the aperture of the step cooling holes is 1.0-2.0 mm, the steps are distributed along the radial direction for 2-5 rows, and the steps are distributed along the circumferential direction for 12-48 rows.
Further, the outer casing is provided with holes for installing the coaxial grading heads and arranging fuel pipelines and igniter cables.
In the combustion method using the natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber adopting the central ignition, the outer fuel flows into the outer fuel ring cavity from the outer fuel pipe, flows into the vane fuel cavity and is sprayed out from the vane fuel spray hole; the inner-stage fuel flows into the inner-stage fuel annular cavity from the inner-stage fuel pipe and flows into the fuel rod, and is sprayed out from the fuel rod fuel spray hole, and the step structure forms a step backflow area, so that inner-stage flame and outer-stage flame are partitioned.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the igniter electrode is arranged at the central position of the combustion chamber by adopting the natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber with central ignition, so that the central ignition can be realized, and the ignition reliability is improved.
The coaxial grading head outlet is provided with the step structure with the step cooling holes, so that a step backflow area can be formed to realize zone combustion, and the end face of the head outlet is prevented from being ablated.
The fuel rod has fuel spray holes arranged on the fuel rod between the inner stage hub and the igniter fixing seat, and compared with the fuel spray holes arranged on the vane or the hub, the method can increase the mixing distance of fuel and air and strengthen mixing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the coaxial grading head of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the method of installing the coaxial classification head and flame tube of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a fuel rod of the present invention.
In the accompanying drawings: 1: a diffuser; 2a: an outer casing; 2b: sealing the cover plate; 3: a coaxial grading head; 4: a flame tube; 5a: an inner stage flame; 5b: an outer flame; 6a: an inner-stage hub; 6b: an outer hub; 6c: a step structure; 7a: an igniter fixing seat; 7b: an igniter electrode; 7c: an igniter cable; 8a: an inner stage fuel annulus; 8b: an outer stage fuel annulus; 9: vane fuel cavities; 10: vane fuel injection holes; 11: a fuel rod; 12: a step cooling hole; 13a: inner stage swirl vanes; 13b: outer stage swirl vanes; 14: center lines of the two-layer inner-level hubs; 15: positioning screw holes of the igniter; 16a: an inner stage fuel pipe; 16b: an outer stage fuel pipe; 17: head mounting screw/pin locating holes; 18: a fuel rod fuel injection orifice; h: step height; the direction of the arrow in fig. 1 is the direction of the air flow.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the attached drawings and the embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the drawings related to the present invention are shown.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixed or removable, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
The invention provides a natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber adopting central ignition, as shown in figure 1, comprising the following components: a diffuser 1, an outer casing 2a, a coaxial grading head 3 and a flame tube 4. The diffuser 1 and the outer casing 2a are of an integrated structure, the outer casing 2a is connected with the flame tube at the tail end of the flame tube 4, the coaxial classification head 3 is connected with the flame tube 4 by 3 or 5 screws or pins at the position of the outer stage hub 6b, the positioning position is a head mounting screw/pin positioning hole 17, and the flush of the outlet end face of the coaxial classification head and the inlet end face of the flame tube is ensured.
As shown in fig. 2, the coaxial classification head is composed of an inner stage hub 6a, an outer stage hub 6b, an igniter fixing seat 7a, an inner stage swirl vane 13a, an outer stage swirl vane 13b, a step structure 6c, an inner stage fuel pipe 16a and an outer stage fuel pipe 16b, wherein the inner stage hub 6a, the outer stage hub 6b and the igniter fixing seat 7a are coaxially nested, the igniter fixing seat is positioned at the central position and is provided with an igniter positioning screw hole 15, and an igniter electrode is connected with the igniter fixing seat 7a through 3 positioning screws.
In the embodiment, an inner-stage fuel annular cavity 8a and an outer-stage fuel annular cavity 8b are respectively arranged in an inner-stage hub 6a and an outer-stage hub 6b, a vane fuel cavity 9 and a vane fuel spray hole 10 are arranged in an outer-stage swirl vane 13b, a hollow fuel rod 11 is arranged between the inner-stage hub 6a and an igniter fixing seat 7a, and the fuel rod 11 is positioned at the upstream of the inner-stage swirl vane 13a and is in an integral structure with the inner-stage hub and the igniter fixing seat; the fuel rods are provided with 2-5 fuel rod fuel spray holes 18 towards the inner-stage swirl blades, the aperture is 0.8-1.5 mm, and the number of the fuel rods is the same as that of the inner-stage swirl blades. The outer fuel flows into the outer fuel annular cavity 8b from the outer fuel pipe 16b, flows into the vane fuel cavity 9, and is ejected from the vane fuel nozzle 10; the inner fuel flows from the inner fuel pipe 16a into the inner fuel annulus 8a and then into the fuel rod 11 and out of the fuel rod fuel injection holes 18, which increases the inner fuel/air mixing distance and enhances mixing.
In the embodiment, the tail end of the inner-stage hub 6a is provided with a step structure 6c, the step structure 6c is symmetrical along the central line 14 of the two-stage hub, the step height h is 10% -20% of the maximum outer diameter of the coaxial grading head 3, step cooling holes 12 are arranged on the steps, the aperture of each step cooling hole is 1.0% -2.0 mm, the steps are distributed along the radial direction for 2-5 rows, and the steps are distributed along the circumferential direction for 12-48 rows. The step structure is used for forming a step backflow area, so that the inner-stage flame 5a and the outer-stage flame 5b are partitioned, and the step cooling holes 12 can cool the outlet end face of the coaxial grading head; the step structure can also increase the air flow speed of the inner stage and the outer stage, and prevent backfire. Under the ignition condition, an ignition source is provided by an igniter electrode positioned in the center of the head to ignite the inner-stage fuel/air mixture, and the igniter electrode does not work after the ignition is successful.
In this embodiment, the outer casing 2a is provided with a hole for installing a coaxial grading head, arranging a fuel pipeline, an igniter cable, and the like, and is sealed by a sealing cover plate 2b, and the sealing cover plate 2b is connected with the outer casing 2a by screws.
It is to be understood that the above examples of the present invention are provided for clarity of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.
Claims (7)
1. A natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber employing center ignition comprising: the flame tube comprises a diffuser (1), an outer casing (2 a), a coaxial grading head (3) and a flame tube (4), wherein the diffuser (1) and the outer casing (2 a) are of an integrated structure, the diffuser (1) is welded with the tail end of the flame tube (4), and the flame tube is connected with the coaxial grading head (3);
the coaxial classification head (3) comprises an inner-stage hub (6 a), an outer-stage hub (6 b), an igniter fixing seat (7 a), outer-stage swirl vanes (13 b), inner-stage swirl vanes (13 a), a fuel rod (11), an inner-stage fuel pipe (16 a) and an outer-stage fuel pipe (16 b), wherein the inner-stage hub (6 a), the outer-stage hub (6 b) and the igniter fixing seat (7 a) are coaxially nested, and the igniter fixing seat (7 a) is positioned at the center of the coaxial classification head;
the outer stage swirl blades (13 b) are located between the outer stage hub (6 b) and the inner stage hub (6 a);
the inner-stage swirl blades (13 a) are positioned between the inner-stage hub (6 a) and the igniter fixing seat (7 a);
the fuel rod (11) is positioned between the inner-stage hub (6 a) and the igniter fixing seat (7 a) and is positioned upstream of the inner-stage swirl blades (13 a);
the inner-stage hub (6 a) is provided with an inner-stage fuel annular cavity (8 a), the inner-stage fuel annular cavity (8 a) is communicated with an inner-stage fuel pipe (16 a), and a hollow fuel rod (11) is connected with the inner-stage fuel annular cavity (8 a);
2-5 fuel rod fuel spray holes (18) are arranged in the direction of the fuel rods (11) close to the inner-stage swirl blades (13 a), the aperture of each fuel rod fuel spray hole (18) is 0.8-1.5 mm, fuel flows into the fuel rods (11) from the inner-stage fuel annular cavity (8 a) and is sprayed out from the fuel rod fuel spray holes (18), and the number of the fuel rods (11) is the same as that of the inner-stage swirl blades (13 a);
the inner-stage hub (6 a) is divided into two layers of shells, and a hollow structure is arranged between the two layers of shells; the tail end of the inner-stage hub (6 a) is provided with a step structure (6 c), the step structure (6 c) is used for forming a step backflow area to enable inner-stage fuel and outer-stage fuel to realize regional combustion, and step cooling holes (12) are arranged on the step structure (6 c) to cool the end face of the head outlet.
2. The natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber with central ignition according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer stage hub (6 b) is provided with an outer stage fuel ring cavity (8 b), the outer stage fuel ring cavity (8 b) is communicated with an outer stage fuel pipe (16 b), the outer stage swirl vanes are provided with vane fuel cavities (9), the outer stage swirl vanes are provided with a set of vane fuel spray holes (10), and fuel flows into the vane fuel cavities (9) from the outer stage fuel ring cavity (8 b) and is sprayed out from the vane fuel spray holes (10).
3. A natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber with central ignition as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the step structure (6 c) is symmetrical along the centre line (14) of the two inner stage hubs so that the inner and outer two stage airflows are accelerated in this position preventing flashback.
4. A natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber with central ignition according to claim 3, characterized in that the height of the step structure (6 c) is 10% -20% of the maximum diameter of the coaxial staged head.
5. The natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber with center ignition according to claim 4, wherein the stepped cooling holes (12) have a bore diameter of 1.0-2.0 mm, are distributed in 2-5 rows in radial direction, and are distributed in 12-48 rows in circumferential direction.
6. The natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber with central ignition according to claim 4, characterized in that the outer casing (2 a) is perforated for mounting a coaxial staged header (3) and arranging fuel lines, igniter cables (7 c).
7. A combustion method using the natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber employing center ignition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the outer fuel flows from the outer fuel pipe (16 b) into the outer fuel ring chamber (8 b) and then into the vane fuel chamber (9) and is ejected from the vane fuel nozzle (10); the inner-stage fuel flows into the inner-stage fuel annular cavity (8 a) from the inner-stage fuel pipe (16 a) and flows into the fuel rod (11) again, and is sprayed out from the fuel rod fuel spray holes (18), and the step structure (6 c) forms a step backflow area, so that the inner-stage flame (5 a) and the outer-stage flame (5 b) are partitioned.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210873287.3A CN115264533B (en) | 2022-07-24 | 2022-07-24 | Natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber adopting central ignition and combustion method |
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| CN202210873287.3A CN115264533B (en) | 2022-07-24 | 2022-07-24 | Natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber adopting central ignition and combustion method |
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| CN115264533B true CN115264533B (en) | 2023-06-23 |
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Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4938019A (en) * | 1987-10-16 | 1990-07-03 | Fuel Systems Textron Inc. | Fuel nozzle and igniter assembly |
| FR2766557B1 (en) * | 1997-07-22 | 1999-10-22 | Pillard Chauffage | LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUEL BURNERS WITH LOW EMISSION OF NITROGEN OXIDES |
| JP4364911B2 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2009-11-18 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Gas turbine engine combustor |
| CN101737802B (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2012-12-26 | 北京航空航天大学 | Central cavity stable fire tangential combustion chamber |
| CN108561898B (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2020-09-22 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Coaxial partition high-temperature-rise combustion chamber head |
| CN109668169B (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-05 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Aero-engine combustion chamber plasma auxiliary atomization ignition nozzle |
| CN113324262B (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-10-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Coaxial staged gas fuel combustor head for low emission gas turbine |
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