CN115261036A - Organic garbage thermal cracking treatment device and treatment method - Google Patents
Organic garbage thermal cracking treatment device and treatment method Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of organic garbage treatment, in particular to an organic garbage thermal cracking treatment device which comprises a thermal cracking furnace, a gas purifier and a cooling compression tower which are sequentially communicated, wherein a plasma torch is arranged in the thermal cracking furnace, a reducing gas inlet is formed in the side wall of the thermal cracking furnace, and a slag outlet is formed in the bottom of the thermal cracking furnace; a thermal cracking corona electrode is arranged at the center of the inner cavity of the plasma torch, and a thermal cracking grounding electrode is arranged on the inner wall of the plasma torch; a purifying corona electrode is arranged in the gas purifier, a channel for introducing water vapor is arranged in the purifying corona electrode, and a nozzle is arranged on the outer wall of the purifying corona electrode and communicated with the channel; the inner wall of the purifier shell is provided with a purification grounding electrode. The invention also provides a thermal cracking treatment method of the organic garbage. The invention converts hydrocarbon in the garbage into H under the action of plasma by means of water vapor in the garbage2And CO, air does not need to be injected, the combustible gas is not diluted, and the generation rate of the combustible gas is up to 95 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic garbage treatment, in particular to an organic garbage thermal cracking treatment device and a treatment method.
Background
The solid waste, particularly the urban garbage rich organic matter has combustibility and chemical energy saturation, contains about 10MJ/kg of heat or the volume energy density of 15.6-26.8MJ/L, and reportedly, the proportion of combustible components screened out from the urban garbage landfill site is 38-50 percent, so that the solid waste is considerable for recovering heat energy and resources. The recycling of municipal waste is the development direction of solid waste treatment in the future.
At present, the prior art adopts a scheme of recovering heat energy for power generation by adopting an incineration process, but the incineration method generates a large amount of fly ash, dioxin and the like, has a serious secondary pollution problem, has an excessively small treatment scale (less than 500 tons/day) and has a limited economic value.
Therefore, the cracking gasification technology of organic garbage is researched, and the cracking gasification technology of organic garbage refers to a process that under the condition of no oxygen or lack of oxygen, macromolecules of organic components in the garbage are broken to generate micromolecular gas, tar and residues, so that organic matters separated from household garbage, stored garbage and mixed garbage can be effectively treated. This technique replaces traditional burning furnace with novel schizolysis gasification system device, utilizes living beings pyrolysis technology, converts the organic matter into clean energy gas. The garbage pyrolysis gasification technology not only realizes the harmlessness, reduction and reclamation of the garbage, but also can effectively overcome the problem of dioxin pollution generated by garbage incineration, thereby becoming a garbage treatment technology with larger development prospect.
One disadvantage of this technique is that a large amount of tar is produced, which accounts for about 10-50% of the organic solid waste treatment capacity, depending on the type of organic waste and the proportion of oxygen supplied. The tar components are very complex, the main components are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, beautiful jade and the like, and the tar components cannot be directly used and are difficult to extract. In the prior art, tar is refined into fuel oil, but the process needs further hydrocracking to prepare light tar, the quality of the oil product is poor compared with that of a petroleum product, the heating and cracking process in the tar reprocessing process inevitably causes energy waste, and the economic value is very low.
Therefore, it has been studied to further increase the oxygen supply and increase the temperature, i.e., to increase the air intake ratio under the pyrolysis gasification condition, so as to decompose and reform the gaseous tarGenerating H2、CO、CH4And combustible substances such as small-molecule hydrocarbons. However, as a result of increasing the amount of supplied air, most of the organic matter is burned into CO2And a large amount of nitrogen enters into the dilution, so that the gas yield of combustible gas is further reduced.
Therefore, the key point of the technology is how to reduce the tar yield and efficiently convert the garbage into the combustible gas. The invention adopts the low-temperature plasma technology to provide a heat source for thermal decomposition, and simultaneously, the organic garbage components are efficiently cracked and gasified into combustible synthetic gas. The device is completely different from the traditional high-temperature plasma melting technology, and only provides heat of endothermic reaction when garbage is converted into combustible gas, so that the device just achieves the heat balance of heat supply and gas production. Traditional high-temperature plasma melting is that garbage is melted into a vitreous body at extremely high temperature generated by high-temperature plasma, such as patent CN113494712A, and the vitreous body can not generate combustible gas and can not fully utilize waste heat. Since the extremely high temperatures in excess of 1500 c generated by high temperature plasmas do not have suitable materials to withstand such high temperatures, and the devices are extremely energy consuming, short lived, and some products have a useful life cycle of only a few months or even only a few hours.
In summary, the present invention provides a thermal cracking treatment apparatus and a thermal cracking treatment method for organic garbage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an organic garbage thermal cracking treatment device and a treatment method, aiming at solving the technical problems of high tar content and low combustible gas yield after organic garbage treatment in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the organic garbage thermal cracking treatment device comprises a thermal cracking furnace, a gas purifier and a cooling compression tower which are sequentially communicated, wherein the thermal cracking furnace is communicated with the gas purifier through a first pipeline, and the gas purifier is communicated with the cooling compression tower through a second pipeline; a material inlet is formed above the thermal cracking furnace and used for putting organic garbage, a plasma torch is arranged inside the thermal cracking furnace, a reducing gas inlet is formed in the side wall of the thermal cracking furnace, and a slag outlet is formed in the bottom of the thermal cracking furnace;
the plasma torch comprises a shell with an upper opening and a lower opening, a thermal cracking corona electrode is arranged in the center of an inner cavity of the shell and connected with an external power supply, a thermal cracking grounding electrode is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and a thermal cracking corona area is formed between the thermal cracking corona electrode and the thermal cracking grounding electrode; the area between the upper part of the plasma torch and the top wall of the thermal cracking furnace is a garbage drying area;
the gas purifier comprises a hollow purifier shell, a purification corona electrode is arranged in the gas purifier, a channel for introducing water vapor is formed in the purification corona electrode, a plurality of nozzles are arranged on the outer wall of the purification corona electrode, and the nozzles are communicated with the channel; the purifier shell inner wall sets up the purification earthing pole, purify the corona pole with form between the purification earthing pole and purify the corona district.
Wherein the reducing gas is carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, argon, etc.
Reducing gas enters the thermal cracking furnace from a gas inlet to ensure that the thermal cracking furnace is in a reducing atmosphere, a thermal cracking corona electrode is connected with a power supply with certain voltage to enable the temperature of a corona area and the temperature of a drying area to rise to a certain range, organic garbage with water is dried at high temperature and then water vapor is evaporated, the water vapor is decomposed into free radicals and small molecules with high energy under the action of plasma corona and high temperature, the free radicals and the small molecules react with hydrocarbon macromolecules in the garbage and are cracked into H2And combustible synthetic gas such as CO, and the combustible synthetic gas carries certain heat to rise to the top of the thermal cracking furnace. The invention does not need to inject air, and the content of the generated combustible gas is high.
After the combustible synthetic gas enters the gas purifier, water vapor is introduced into the gas purifier through the purification corona electrode, and water molecules are converted into high-energy active free radicals under the action of voltage, so that the purification corona region forms a reductive atmosphere, and tar in the combustible synthetic gas is cracked into H under the reductive atmosphere2And combustible synthetic gas such as CO and the like, so that the tar is subjected to resource treatment to the maximum extent.
Further, a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor are arranged inside the thermal cracking furnace, and the first temperature sensor is arranged inside the plasma torch and used for monitoring the temperature of a thermal cracking corona area; the second temperature sensor is arranged in the garbage drying area and used for monitoring the temperature of the garbage drying area.
Further, the thermal cracking corona electrode comprises an inner electrode and an insulating layer wrapping the electrode.
Further, the thermal cracking grounding electrode is a stainless steel net, and the pore size of the stainless steel net is smaller than 5mm.
Further, the distance between the thermal cracking corona electrode and the thermal cracking grounding electrode is 100mm-1000mm.
Further, inside third temperature sensor and the humidity transducer of setting up of gas purification ware, it connects water vapor conveying pipeline to purify corona electrode top, set up the flow valve on the water vapor conveying pipeline for the air input of control vapor.
Furthermore, the purification corona electrode is a metal tube, the bottom of the purification corona electrode is plugged, the base material of the metal tube is one of titanium, aluminum, copper, graphite and stainless steel, the outer surface of the metal tube is provided with a coating, and the coating is CeO2、 Al2O3、TiO2、ZrO、ZnO、SiO2At least one of (1).
Furthermore, the material of purification earthing pole is one of aluminium, copper, stainless steel, and purification earthing pole is netted.
Further, the nozzle circumference evenly distributed purifies corona utmost point outer wall.
Further, a gas regulating valve is arranged on the first pipeline and used for regulating the air inflow of the combustible synthetic gas entering the gas purifier.
Further, the interval between purification corona electrode and the purification earthing pole is 100mm-1000mm.
Further, the cooling compression tower is provided with a gas outlet and a liquid outlet, and a fourth temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged inside the cooling compression tower.
The invention also provides an organic garbage thermal cracking treatment method, which is applied to the organic garbage thermal cracking treatment device and comprises the following specific steps:
s1, crushing or cutting organic garbage, screening the organic garbage into particles or crushed blocks, and then spraying the crushed organic garbage into a thermal cracking furnace;
s2, switching on an external power supply by a thermal cracking corona electrode, controlling the temperature in the thermal cracking furnace, monitoring the temperature in the thermal cracking furnace through a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor, and further controlling the temperature of a thermal cracking corona area to be 800-1000 ℃ and the temperature of a garbage drying area to be 100-300 ℃;
and S3, introducing reducing gas through a reducing gas inlet at the same time of the step S2, and ensuring that the pyrolysis furnace is in a reducing atmosphere. The water vapor in the garbage is dried at high temperature and then evaporated, the water vapor is decomposed into free radicals and small molecules with high energy under the action of plasma corona and high temperature, and the free radicals and the small molecules react with hydrocarbon macromolecules in the garbage and are cracked into H2Combustible synthetic gas such as CO;
s4, the combustible synthetic gas enters a gas purifier through a first pipeline, a purifying corona electrode is connected with an external power supply, the temperature in the gas purifier is controlled through a third temperature sensor, the humidity in the gas purifier is controlled through a humidity sensor, and tar in the combustible synthetic gas is cracked to generate the combustible gas;
s5, the purified combustible gas enters a cooling compression tower, and the pressure and the temperature in the cooling compression tower are controlled through a pressure sensor and a fourth temperature sensor, so that CO in the gas2、H2O, etc. become liquid, the liquid product is discharged from a liquid outlet at the bottom of the cooling compression tower, and the rest combustible gas is discharged from a gas outlet for recovery.
Further, the water content of the garbage entering the cracking furnace is controlled to be between 40% and 65%.
Furthermore, the access voltage of the thermal cracking corona electrode is 80KV-100KV, the access power is 8KW-10KW, and the retention time of the organic garbage in the thermal cracking furnace is 5min-30min.
Furthermore, the access voltage of the purifying corona electrode is within 10KV, the access power is within 10KW, the temperature in the gas purifier is 300-600 ℃, and the relative humidity in the gas purifier is 60-90%; the residence time of the combustible synthesis gas in the gas purifier is 10s-200s.
Furthermore, the temperature in the cooling compression tower is 0-30 ℃, and the pressure in the cooling compression tower is 5.7-6.0MPa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention takes vapor as a free radical source, under the action of strong corona in a plasma torch in a reductive atmosphere, the vapor is decomposed into high-energy free radicals and small molecules, the high-energy free radicals, the small molecules, organic carbon in organic garbage and hydrocarbon macromolecules react to generate substances such as combustible gas, tar and the like, the combustible gas, the tar and the like enter a gas purifier, the vapor is decomposed into the high-energy free radicals under the action of corona, and the tar is decomposed into the combustible gas and CO under the action of the high-energy free radicals2And the purified gas enters a cooling compression tower, the gas after cooling compression is combustible gas, the content of the combustible gas after treatment can reach more than 95%, the volume reduction ratio of solid waste after organic waste discharge is higher than 95% compared with untreated organic waste, the solid waste has no harmful components, has Fe, porous C and a small amount of NaCl and KCl, and meets the requirement of soil silicon fertilizer.
The low-temperature plasma technology can effectively and accurately control the temperature to be just at the cracking temperature of the organic matters, and the water vapor in the garbage is utilized to convert hydrocarbon in the garbage into H under the action of the plasma2And CO, without the need for air injection, without diluting the combustible gas.
The method has important significance for improving the efficient utilization of the organic solid waste, realizing no tar, no dioxin, no fly ash and no NOx, recycling and energizing carbon elements in the organic solid waste to the maximum extent and boosting carbon to achieve peak carbon neutralization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a clean-up corona electrode according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the chemical reaction process in the first plasma furnace.
FIG. 4 shows the chemical reaction process in the second plasma furnace.
Description of the reference numerals:
1-a thermal cracking furnace, 2-a plasma torch, 201-a thermal cracking corona electrode, 2011-an electrode, 2012 an insulating layer, 202-a thermal cracking grounding electrode, 3-a first temperature sensor, 4-a second temperature sensor, 5-a slag outlet, 6-a reducing gas inlet, 7-a material inlet, 8-a first pipeline, 9-a gas purifier, 10-a purifying corona electrode, 11-a nozzle, 12-a purifying grounding electrode, 13-a third temperature sensor, 14-a humidity sensor, 15-a second pipeline, 16-a cooling compression tower, 17-a fourth temperature sensor, 18-a pressure sensor, 19-a liquid outlet and 20-a gas outlet.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are not all embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an apparatus for thermal cracking treatment of organic waste, comprising a thermal cracking furnace 1, a gas purifier 9 and a cooling compression tower 16 which are sequentially communicated, wherein the thermal cracking furnace 1 and the gas purifier 9 are communicated through a first pipeline 8, and the gas purifier 9 and the cooling compression tower 16 are communicated through a second pipeline 15; a material inlet 7 is formed above the thermal cracking furnace 1 and used for putting organic garbage, a plasma torch 2 is arranged inside the thermal cracking furnace 1, a reducing gas inlet 6 is formed in the side wall of the thermal cracking furnace 1, reducing gases are carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, argon and the like, and a slag outlet 5 is formed in the bottom of the thermal cracking furnace 1;
the plasma torch 2 comprises a shell with an upper opening and a lower opening, a thermal cracking corona electrode 201 is arranged in the center of an inner cavity of the shell, the thermal cracking corona electrode 201 is connected with an external power supply, a thermal cracking grounding electrode 202 is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and a thermal cracking corona area is formed between the thermal cracking corona electrode 201 and the thermal cracking grounding electrode 202; the area between the upper part of the plasma torch 2 and the top wall of the thermal cracking furnace 1 is a garbage drying area;
the gas purifier 9 comprises a hollow purifier shell, a purifying corona electrode 10 is arranged inside the gas purifier 9, a channel for introducing water vapor is formed inside the purifying corona electrode 10, a plurality of nozzles 11 are arranged on the outer wall of the purifying corona electrode 10, and the nozzles 11 are communicated with the channel; purifier shell inner wall sets up purification earthing pole 12, purify corona electrode 10 with form between the purification earthing pole 12 and purify the corona district.
The water vapor enters the thermal cracking furnace 1 from the water vapor inlet 6 and enters the thermal cracking corona area in the plasma torch 2, the thermal cracking corona electrode 201 is connected with a power supply with certain voltage, the temperature of the corona area is increased to a certain range, the water vapor is decomposed into free radicals and small molecules with high energy under the action of the voltage and the high temperature, the free radicals and the small molecules react with hydrocarbon macromolecules in the garbage, and the water vapor is cracked into H2And combustible synthetic gas such as CO and the like with tar rises to the top of the thermal cracking furnace to enter a garbage drying area with certain heat, the combustible synthetic gas with the heat is contacted with the thrown garbage to evaporate moisture in the garbage so as to achieve the purpose of drying the garbage, and the dried garbage enters a plasma torch downwards to continue to react with free radicals to generate the combustible synthetic gas. The invention does not need to inject air, and the content of the generated combustible gas is high. The organic garbage is thermally cracked into solid waste with a volume reduction ratio of 95% or more, the solid waste does not contain organic matters and is discharged from a slag outlet at the bottom of the thermal cracking furnace.
After the combustible synthetic gas enters the gas purifier 9, water vapor is introduced into the gas purifier 9 through the purification corona electrode 10, water molecules are converted into high-energy active free radicals under the action of voltage, so that the purification corona region forms a reductive atmosphere, and tar in the combustible synthetic gas is cracked into H under the reductive atmosphere2And combustible synthetic gas such as CO and the like, so that the tar is subjected to resource treatment to the maximum extent.
A first temperature sensor 3 and a second temperature sensor 4 are arranged inside the thermal cracking furnace 1, and the first temperature sensor 3 is arranged inside the plasma torch 2 and used for monitoring the temperature of a thermal cracking corona area; the second temperature sensor 4 is arranged in the waste drying zone and is used for monitoring the temperature of the waste drying zone. The thermal cracking corona electrode 201 comprises an inner electrode 2011 and an insulating layer 2012 wrapping the electrode. An electrode 2011 of the thermal cracking corona electrode 201 is made of conductive materials such as copper, zinc, aluminum, silver and gold, and an insulating layer 2012 is made of ceramic, quartz, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyether ether ketone, modified polyformaldehyde, polyphenylene sulfide and the like. The thermal cracking grounding electrode 202 is made of stainless steel, aluminum, copper and the like, is net-shaped or sheet-shaped, and meshes can be rectangular meshes or circular meshes when being net-shaped, and the pore size of the meshes is smaller than 5mm. The distance between the thermal cracking corona electrode 201 and the thermal cracking grounding electrode 202 is 100mm-1000mm.
The number of the plasma torches 2 in the thermal cracking furnace 1 can be one or more, and the number of the plasma torches 2 is selected according to the difference of the garbage treatment amount; the outer shell of the plasma torch 2 is cylindrical, and when a plurality of plasma torches 2 are arranged, the plurality of plasma torches 2 are arranged in an array.
The inside third temperature sensor 13 and the humidity transducer 14 that set up of gas purification ware 9, purify corona electrode 10 top and connect vapor transmission pipeline, the last flow valve that sets up of vapor transmission pipeline for the air input of control vapor. The purification corona electrode 10 is a metal pipe, the inside of the metal pipe is hollow, a water vapor conveying pipeline is connected above the metal pipe, the bottom of the metal pipe is plugged, the base material of the metal pipe is one of titanium, aluminum, copper, graphite and stainless steel, a coating is arranged on the outer surface of the metal pipe, and the coating material is CeO2、Al2O3、TiO2、ZrO、ZnO、SiO2The plating layer catalyzes the decomposition of water vapor and accelerates the generation of radicals. The nozzles 11 are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the purifying corona electrode 10 along the circumference, as shown in fig. 2, in the embodiment, 4 nozzles 11 are arranged on each circumference and are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the purifying corona electrode 10. The purification earth electrode 12 is made of one of aluminum, copper and stainless steel, and the purification earth electrode 12 is net-shaped.
The distance between the purification corona electrode 10 and the purification grounding electrode 12 is 100mm-1000mm. The first pipeline 8 is provided with a gas regulating valve for regulating the air input of the combustible synthesis gas entering the gas purifier 9.
The cooling compression tower 16 is provided with a gas outlet 20 and a liquid outlet 19, and a fourth temperature sensor 17 and a pressure sensor 18 are arranged inside the cooling compression tower 16 and used for monitoring the temperature and the pressure inside the cooling compression tower 16.
The organic garbage thermal cracking treatment device provided by the invention can also comprise a plurality of thermal cracking furnaces and a plurality of gas purifiers, wherein the thermal cracking furnaces are communicated in a parallel connection mode, and the gas purifiers are communicated in a series connection mode, so that the garbage treatment efficiency is improved.
The invention also provides an organic garbage thermal cracking treatment method, which is applied to the organic garbage thermal cracking treatment device and comprises the following specific steps:
s1, crushing or cutting organic garbage, screening the organic garbage into particles or crushed blocks, and then spraying the crushed organic garbage into a thermal cracking furnace;
the crushed organic garbage is cylindrical with the diameter of 10mm and the length of 5-20mm, or is blocky with the length of 20-50mm, the width of 20-50mm and the height of 20-50 mm.
S2, connecting a thermal cracking corona electrode 201 with an external power supply, generating plasma through corona discharge to heat garbage in a thermal cracking zone, controlling the temperature of the thermal cracking corona zone to be 800-1000 ℃ by adjusting the input voltage of the power supply, enabling pyrolysis gas to rise to a drying zone through the pyrolysis zone, drying the garbage in the drying zone by waste heat, releasing water vapor, and naturally cooling the garbage in the drying zone, wherein the temperature of the garbage drying zone is 100-300 ℃; the temperature of the thermal cracking corona area in the thermal cracking furnace 1 is monitored through the first temperature sensor 3, the temperature of the garbage drying area is monitored through the second temperature sensor 4, if the temperature of the garbage drying area is not within a required range, the access voltage or the access power can be adjusted to reduce the temperature of the thermal cracking corona area, and then the temperature of the garbage drying area is indirectly adjusted.
And S3, introducing reducing gas through a reducing gas inlet 6 at the same time of the step S2, and ensuring that the pyrolysis furnace is in a reducing atmosphere. The steam released by drying the garbage and the organic garbage are subjected to pyrolysis reaction in a pyrolysis corona region to generate combustible synthetic gas;
the main components of the organic matter are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and other trace impurities. Under the action of high temperature, oxygen deficiency and plasma, the molecular chain of organic matter is broken and decomposed, the separated water vapor reacts violently with the carbon generated after the volatile component is separated out from the material, and CO and H are generated2、CH4And tar, and the like, and organic garbage are converted into residual carbon and ash is separated out. The mixed gaseous product passes through the material layer in the countercurrent and upwards to exchange heat with the material. The main reactions are shown in formulas (1) to (9), and the reaction processes are shown in figures 3 and 4.
Wherein, CnHmRepresents a hydrocarbon macromolecule, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4. The combustible synthetic gas generated after the thermal cracking of the organic garbage contains H2、CO、CH4Gaseous tar, H2O, small amount of CO2. The combustible synthesis gas carries certain heat to rise to a garbage drying area, so that the garbage carrying a large amount of moisture is dried, the moisture content of the dried garbage is reduced to below 20%, and the dried garbage enters a plasma torch to be subjected to thermal cracking; the combustible synthetic gas releases heat and then is introduced into a gas purifier 9 through a first pipeline 8 connected with the upper part of the thermal cracking furnace 1.
S4, the combustible synthetic gas enters a gas purifier 9 through a first pipeline 8, a purifying corona electrode 10 is connected with an external power supply, the temperature in the gas purifier 9 is monitored through a third temperature sensor 13, the humidity in the gas purifier 9 is monitored through a humidity sensor 14, and macromolecules such as tar in the combustible synthetic gas are further cracked to generate the combustible gas;
the tar is a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, the cracking process of the tar in a reducing atmosphere takes anthracene as an example, and hydrogen and carbon monoxide are finally generated under the action of hydroxyl free radicals.
S5, the purified combustible gas enters a cooling compression tower 16, and the pressure and the temperature inside the cooling compression tower 16 are controlled through a pressure sensor 18 and a fourth temperature sensor 17, so that CO in the gas2、N2The liquid product is discharged from a liquid outlet at the bottom of the cooling compression tower, and the rest combustible gas is discharged from a gas outlet for recovery.
Further, controlling the water content of the garbage entering the cracking furnace to be between 40 and 65 percent;
furthermore, the access voltage of the thermal cracking corona electrode 201 is 80KV-100KV, the access power is 8KW-10KW, and the retention time of the organic garbage in the thermal cracking furnace 1 is 5min-30min.
Further, the access voltage of the purifying corona electrode 10 is within 10KV, the access power is within 10KW, the temperature in the gas purifier 9 is 300-600 ℃, and the humidity in the gas purifier 9 is 60-100%; the residence time of the combustible synthesis gas in the gas purifier 9 is 10S-200S.
Further, the temperature in the cooling compression tower 16 is 0-30 ℃, and the pressure in the cooling compression tower is 5.8-6.0MPa.
Example one
The organic garbage is crop straws such as corn and the like, the water content of the organic garbage is about 17-25%, the water is sprayed before the organic garbage enters a pyrolysis furnace to increase the water content of the garbage to 40% -60%, the access voltage of a thermal cracking corona electrode in the thermal cracking furnace is 93.5-98.6KV, the residence time of the organic garbage in the thermal cracking furnace is 10min, and the temperature of a thermal cracking corona region is 820-880 ℃; the access voltage of the purifying corona electrode is 9.2-9.8KV, the temperature in the gas purifier is 350-400 ℃, the relative humidity in the gas purifier is 70-90%, the retention time of the generated combustible synthetic gas in the gas purifier is 50s, the combustible gas content in the uncooled compressed gas output from the gas purifier is 78.4%, and the combustible gas content after cooling and compression in the cooling and compression tower is 95%.
Example two
The organic garbage is common domestic garbage such as wood blocks, waste packages and the like, the water content of the organic garbage is 40-45%, the access voltage of a thermal cracking corona electrode in a thermal cracking furnace is 93.5-98.6KV, the retention time of the organic garbage in the thermal cracking furnace is 15min, and the temperature of a thermal cracking corona region is 860-920 ℃; the access voltage of the purifying corona electrode is 9.2-9.8KV, the temperature in the gas purifier is 300-350 ℃, the relative humidity in the gas purifier is 70-90%, the retention time of the generated combustible synthetic gas in the gas purifier is 100s, the combustible gas content in the uncooled compressed gas finally output from the gas purifier is 88.6%, and the combustible gas content after cooling and compressing in the cooling and compressing tower is 96%.
EXAMPLE III
The organic garbage is wet kitchen garbage with water content of more than 80%, the water content is regulated to 45% -60% through dehydration before entering a pyrolysis furnace, the access voltage of a thermal cracking corona electrode in the thermal cracking furnace is 94.5-99.6KV, the retention time of the organic garbage in the thermal cracking furnace is 20min, and the temperature of a thermal cracking corona region is 900-960 ℃; the access voltage of the purifying corona electrode is 9.2-9.8KV, the temperature in the gas purifier is 300-350 ℃, the relative humidity in the gas purifier is 70-90%, the retention time of the generated combustible synthetic gas in the gas purifier is 200s, the combustible gas content in the uncooled compressed gas output from the gas purifier is 93.5%, and the combustible gas content after cooling and compression in the cooling and compression tower is 98%.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below.
Claims (10)
1. The device for thermal cracking treatment of the organic garbage is characterized by comprising a thermal cracking furnace, a gas purifier and a cooling compression tower which are sequentially communicated, wherein the thermal cracking furnace is communicated with the gas purifier through a first pipeline, and the gas purifier is communicated with the cooling compression tower through a second pipeline; a material inlet is formed above the thermal cracking furnace and used for putting organic garbage, a plasma torch is arranged inside the thermal cracking furnace, a reducing gas inlet is formed in the side wall of the thermal cracking furnace, and a slag outlet is formed in the bottom of the thermal cracking furnace;
the plasma torch comprises a shell with an upper opening and a lower opening, a thermal cracking corona electrode is arranged in the center of an inner cavity of the shell and connected with an external power supply, a thermal cracking grounding electrode is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and a thermal cracking corona area is formed between the thermal cracking corona electrode and the thermal cracking grounding electrode; the area between the upper part of the plasma torch and the top wall of the thermal cracking furnace is a garbage drying area;
the gas purifier comprises a hollow purifier shell, a purification corona electrode is arranged in the gas purifier, a channel for introducing water vapor is formed in the purification corona electrode, a plurality of nozzles are arranged on the outer wall of the purification corona electrode, and the nozzles are communicated with the channel; the clarifier shell inner wall sets up the purification earthing pole, purify the corona electrode with form between the purification earthing pole and purify the corona district.
2. The apparatus for thermal cracking treatment of organic garbage according to claim 1, wherein a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor are provided inside the thermal cracking furnace, the first temperature sensor being provided inside the plasma torch for monitoring the temperature of the thermal cracking corona region; the second temperature sensor is arranged in the garbage drying area and used for monitoring the temperature of the garbage drying area;
and a third temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are arranged in the gas purifier.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the thermal cracking corona electrode comprises an inner electrode and an insulating layer covering the inner electrode;
the thermal cracking grounding electrode is a stainless steel net, and the pore size of the stainless steel net is smaller than 5mm;
the distance between the thermal cracking corona electrode and the thermal cracking grounding electrode is 100mm-1000mm.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a vapor delivery pipe is connected to the upper side of the purification corona electrode, and a flow valve is disposed on the vapor delivery pipe for controlling the amount of vapor introduced;
and the first pipeline is provided with a gas regulating valve for regulating the air input of the combustible synthetic gas entering the gas purifier.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the purifying corona electrode is a metal tube, the bottom of the purifying corona electrode is sealed, the metal tube is made of one of titanium, aluminum, copper, graphite and stainless steel, and the outer surface of the metal tube has a coating made of CeO2、Al2O3、TiO2、ZrO、ZnO、SiO2At least one of;
the material of purification earthing pole is one of aluminium, copper, stainless steel, and purification earthing pole is netted.
6. The apparatus for thermal cracking treatment of organic garbage according to claim 1, wherein the thermal cracking furnace is 1 or more thermal cracking furnaces connected in parallel, and the gas purifier is 1 or more gas purifiers connected in series.
7. The apparatus for thermal cracking treatment of organic garbage according to claim 1, wherein the cooling compression tower has a gas outlet and a liquid outlet, and a fourth temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are disposed inside the cooling compression tower.
8. A method for thermal cracking organic waste, which is applied to the apparatus for thermal cracking organic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
s1, crushing or cutting organic garbage, screening the organic garbage into particles or crushed blocks, and then spraying the crushed organic garbage into a thermal cracking furnace;
s2, switching on an external power supply by a thermal cracking corona electrode, controlling the temperature in the thermal cracking furnace, monitoring the temperature in the thermal cracking furnace through a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor, and further controlling the temperature of a thermal cracking corona area to be 800-1000 ℃ and the temperature of a garbage drying area to be 100-300 ℃;
s3, introducing reducing gas through an inlet at the same time of the step S2 to enable the pyrolysis zone to be in a reducing atmosphere, and promoting the pyrolysis reaction of the organic garbage to generate combustible synthetic gas by steam generated by drying the garbage in the drying zone;
s4, the combustible synthetic gas enters a gas purifier through a first pipeline, a purifying corona electrode is connected with an external power supply, the temperature in the gas purifier is controlled through a third temperature sensor, the humidity in the gas purifier is controlled through a humidity sensor, and tar in the combustible synthetic gas is cracked to generate the combustible gas;
s5, the purified combustible gas enters a cooling compression tower, and the pressure and the temperature in the cooling compression tower are controlled through a pressure sensor and a fourth temperature sensor, so that CO in the gas2、H2And O becomes liquid, the liquid product is discharged from a liquid outlet at the bottom of the cooling compression tower, and the rest combustible gas is discharged from a gas outlet for recovery.
9. The thermal cracking treatment method of organic garbage according to claim 8, wherein the access voltage of the thermal cracking corona electrode is 80KV-100KV, the access power is 8KW-10KW, and the retention time of the organic garbage in the thermal cracking furnace is 5min-30min.
10. The thermal cracking treatment method of organic garbage according to claim 8, wherein the access voltage of the purifying corona electrode is within 10KV, the access power is within 10KW, the temperature in the gas purifier is 300-600 ℃, and the relative humidity in the gas purifier is 60-90%; the residence time of the combustible synthesis gas in the gas purifier is 10-200 s;
the temperature in the cooling compression tower is 0-30 ℃, and the pressure in the cooling compression tower is 5.7-6.0MPa.
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