CN115257581A - High-voltage electrical framework of electric vehicle - Google Patents
High-voltage electrical framework of electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN115257581A CN115257581A CN202210902861.3A CN202210902861A CN115257581A CN 115257581 A CN115257581 A CN 115257581A CN 202210902861 A CN202210902861 A CN 202210902861A CN 115257581 A CN115257581 A CN 115257581A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1C=CC(C(O)=O)=C[C@H]1O HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
- B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a high-voltage electrical framework of an electric vehicle, which comprises a battery pack, a power distribution unit, a high-voltage load unit, a low-voltage load unit, an auxiliary emergency power supply, a power domain controller and a low-voltage domain controller, wherein the battery pack is connected with the power distribution unit and used for supplying power to the power distribution unit, the power distribution unit comprises a high-voltage interface and a quick-charging interface, the high-voltage interface is electrically connected with the high-voltage load unit, and the battery pack comprises a first power supply, an MSD (multi-level digital) and a second power supply which are sequentially connected in series. According to the invention, through the use of the auxiliary emergency power supply and the DC/DC module, when a vehicle is normal, working power supplies of all high-voltage devices such as a motor controller, a vehicle-mounted OBC, a DCDC, a high-voltage compressor, a vehicle-mounted heater and the like are provided by converting 12V voltage through the DC/DC module, and when a low-voltage system fails to supply power, the auxiliary emergency power supply supplies power to a main part of the high-voltage devices (the motor controller and the like) and a part of the low-voltage devices, so that a powerful guarantee is provided for the safety of a driver.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-voltage electrical systems of electric vehicles, and particularly relates to a high-voltage electrical framework of an electric vehicle.
Background
The electric system of the electric automobile mainly comprises a low-voltage electric system and a high-voltage electric system. The high-voltage electrical system mainly comprises a battery management system, an electric drive system, a DC/DC converter, a vehicle-mounted charger, an air conditioner, a PTC and the like. The battery is an energy source of the whole high-voltage system and provides energy for electric driving and electric control components, and in detail, as shown in fig. 1, the current electric automobile architecture uses the storage battery to supply power for a control loop so as to complete the power on and off of the whole automobile and control of parts.
At present, a 12V,24V or even 48V storage battery is mainly adopted by a low-voltage electrical system, and the low-voltage electrical system not only supplies power to conventional low-voltage electrical appliances such as a lighting system, an entertainment system and a wiper, but also provides working voltage for high-voltage accessories or part of high-voltage accessories such as a whole vehicle controller, a battery management system, a motor controller, a DCDC converter and an electric air conditioner. If the 12V system is lost (fault) in the driving process of the vehicle, the personal safety of a driver is greatly threatened; and as the voltage of the battery system is increased and a part of high-end vehicle models begin to use the 800V battery system, the traditional Si MOSFET can not meet the requirement, and the vehicle-mounted power supplies (vehicle-mounted OBC and DCDC) begin to use SiC and GaN devices. The cost of SiC and GaN devices in a short period is high, so that the vehicle-mounted OBC, the DCDC and the motor controller respectively and independently use the internal 800V-12V DCDC power supplies respectively, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a high voltage electrical architecture for an electric vehicle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-voltage electrical framework of an electric vehicle comprises a battery pack, a power distribution unit, a high-voltage load unit, a low-voltage load unit, an auxiliary emergency power supply, a power domain controller and a low-voltage domain controller;
the battery pack is connected with the power distribution unit and used for supplying power to the power distribution unit;
the power distribution unit comprises a high-voltage interface and a quick charging interface, and the high-voltage interface is electrically connected with the high-voltage load unit;
the battery pack comprises a first power supply, an MSD (multi-level digital) and a second power supply which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the first power supply are connected with an auxiliary emergency power supply, and the positive electrode of the second power supply is connected with the auxiliary emergency power supply;
the auxiliary emergency power supply is connected with the power domain controller, the high-voltage load unit and the low-voltage domain controller and is used for supplying power to the power domain controller, the high-voltage load unit and the low-voltage domain controller;
the high voltage load unit comprises a DC/DC module, and the DC/DC module is electrically connected with the low voltage load unit and used for supplying power to the low voltage load unit.
Preferably, the power distribution unit comprises a positive bus, a negative bus, a pre-charging line and a quick-charging line;
two ends of the positive bus are respectively connected with a positive electrode of a second power supply and a positive electrode of the high-voltage interface, and a main positive contactor is arranged on the positive bus;
the pre-charging line is connected with the main positive contactor in parallel and is provided with a pre-charging contactor and a pre-charging resistor which are connected in series;
two ends of the quick charging line are respectively connected with the anode of a second power supply and the anode of the quick charging interface, and a quick charging contactor is arranged on the quick charging line;
and a main negative contactor is arranged on the negative bus, one end of the main negative contactor is connected with the negative electrode of the first power supply, and the other end of the main negative contactor is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the high-voltage interface and the negative electrode of the quick charging interface.
Preferably, the high voltage load unit further comprises an OBC module and an MCU module;
the OBC module, the MCU module and the DC/DC module are all electrically connected with the high-voltage interface.
Preferably, the OBC module, the MCU module and the DC/DC module are all electrically connected with an auxiliary emergency power supply.
Preferably, the OBC module, the MCU module and the DC/DC module are all provided with low-voltage accessories, and the positive and negative electrodes of the DC/DC module are connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the low-voltage accessories and used for supplying power to the low-voltage accessories.
Preferably, the low voltage controller comprises a BCM and a gateway for enabling keyless entry and electronic lock control.
Preferably, the power domain controller includes a BMS and a VCU for controlling the main positive relay coil, the main negative relay coil, the pre-charge relay coil, and the quick charge relay coil.
Preferably, the low voltage load unit comprises ABS, EPS, water pump, fan, wiper, vehicle lights and seat heating.
Preferably, the auxiliary emergency power supply further incorporates a DC/DC voltage reduction module for converting a high voltage of the first power supply into a low voltage.
Preferably, diodes are arranged on the lines connecting the anode of the first power supply and the anode of the second power supply with the auxiliary emergency power supply.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, by using the auxiliary emergency power supply and the DC/DC module, when a vehicle is normal, working power supplies of all high-voltage devices such as a motor controller, a vehicle-mounted OBC, a DCDC, a high-voltage compressor, a vehicle-mounted heater and the like are provided by converting 12V voltage through the DC/DC module, and when a low-voltage system fails to supply power, the auxiliary emergency power supply supplies power to a main part of high-voltage devices (the motor controller and the like) and a part of low-voltage devices (a brake, an ESP and the like), so that a powerful guarantee is provided for the safety of a driver;
2. the invention saves a storage battery, reduces the cost, saves the space layout, and solves the problem that the cost is wasted because high-voltage parts such as MCU and BMS which have high requirements on the safety level of partial functions use an auxiliary power supply, but the modules are independent to each other and cannot share the auxiliary power supply;
3. the invention can keep BMS and VCU working normally under the monitoring of battery maintenance.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows a high voltage, low voltage load and power supply schematic;
FIG. 2 illustrates an electric vehicle high voltage electrical architecture diagram of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows an architecture diagram of a battery pack of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows an architecture diagram of the power distribution unit of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows an architecture diagram of a high voltage load cell;
fig. 6 shows an architecture diagram of a low voltage load cell.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An electric vehicle high-voltage electrical architecture is shown in fig. 2, and comprises a battery pack, a power distribution unit, a high-voltage load unit, a low-voltage load unit, an auxiliary emergency power supply, a power domain controller and a low-voltage domain controller;
the battery pack is connected with the power distribution unit and used for supplying power to the power distribution unit;
the power distribution unit comprises a high-voltage interface and a quick charging interface, and the high-voltage interface is electrically connected with the high-voltage load unit.
It should be noted that the power distribution unit refers to BDU, the power domain controller refers to BMS (battery management system) and VCU (vehicle communication device), the low voltage domain controller refers to BCM (vehicle control module) and gateway, and in the wake-up signal list in fig. 2, -KL15 is ignition wake-up signal, -CP is slow charge signal, -a+For a fast charge signal, the RTC is a clock wake-up signal.
It should be further noted that the connection between the auxiliary emergency power supply and the high-voltage load unit in fig. 1 is connected by positive and negative leads (shown by thick solid lines).
As shown in fig. 3, the battery pack includes a first power supply, an MSD, and a second power supply connected in series in sequence, where an anode and a cathode of the first power supply are both connected to an auxiliary emergency power supply, and as can be seen from fig. 1, an anode of the second power supply is connected to the auxiliary emergency power supply, and the auxiliary emergency power supply is connected to the power domain controller, the high voltage load unit, and the low voltage domain controller, and is configured to supply power to the power domain controller, the high voltage load unit, and the low voltage domain controller.
As shown in fig. 4, the power distribution unit includes a positive bus, a negative bus, a pre-charging line and a fast charging line, wherein two ends of the positive bus are respectively connected to the positive electrode of the second power supply and the positive electrode of the high voltage interface, the positive bus is provided with a main positive contactor, the pre-charging line is connected in parallel with the main positive contactor and is provided with a pre-charging contactor and a pre-charging resistor which are connected in series, two ends of the fast charging line are respectively connected to the positive electrode of the second power supply and the positive electrode of the fast charging interface, the fast charging line is provided with a fast charging contactor, the negative bus is provided with a main negative contactor, one end of the main negative contactor is connected to the negative electrode of the first power supply, and the other end of the main negative contactor is respectively connected to the negative electrode of the high voltage interface and the negative electrode of the fast charging interface.
It should be noted that MSD refers to a manual disconnecting device, similar to a fuse, when maintenance is required, the first power supply and the second power supply can be manually disconnected through MSD, and then the first power supply alone charges the auxiliary emergency power supply.
As shown in fig. 5, the high voltage load unit includes a DC/DC module, an OBC module, and an MCU module, and in conjunction with fig. 6, the DC/DC module is connected to the low voltage load unit for supplying power to the low voltage load unit; wherein, DC/DC module, OBC module and MCU module all with high-voltage interface electric connection.
Furthermore, low-voltage accessories (not shown in fig. 5) are arranged in the OBC module, the MCU module and the DC/DC module, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the DC/DC module are connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the low-voltage accessories to supply power to the low-voltage accessories.
It should be noted that the DC/DC module can convert high voltage into low voltage of 12V to supply power to the low voltage load unit of the whole vehicle, as shown in fig. 6, which includes ABS (anti-lock braking system), EPS (electric power steering), water pump, fan, wiper, lamp and seat heating.
It should be noted that the OBC is a vehicle-mounted charger, the MCU is a control unit of the motor, and the OBC module and the MCU module are connected to the auxiliary emergency power supply through wires, respectively.
Further, the low voltage controller includes a BCM and a gateway for enabling keyless entry and electronic lock control.
Further, the power domain controller comprises a BMS and a VCU, and controls a main positive relay coil, a main negative relay coil, a pre-charging relay coil and a quick-charging relay coil.
It should be noted that the power domain controller energizes the coil of the relay (main positive relay, main negative relay, pre-charging relay and quick-charging relay), and the relay includes a coil and a contactor, so that the coil of the relay is energized through the power domain controller, so that the main positive contactor, the pre-charging contactor, the quick-charging contactor and the main negative contactor are closed, then the high-voltage interface can give a list to the DC/DC module, and then the DC/DC module converts the voltage to power on the equipment of the whole vehicle.
Furthermore, the auxiliary emergency power supply is also internally provided with a DC/DC voltage reduction module which is used for converting the high voltage of the first power supply into low voltage.
Furthermore, diodes are arranged on the lines connecting the anode of the first power supply and the anode of the second power supply with the auxiliary emergency power supply.
It should be noted that the notification provides a diode to allow current to flow only from the first power supply or the second power supply to the auxiliary emergency power supply.
The invention relates to a high-voltage electric framework of an electric vehicle, which comprises the following control processes:
under the normal working condition, the MSD is in a closed state, the battery pack supplies power to the BDU unit, meanwhile, the battery pack supplies power to the auxiliary emergency power supply, then the auxiliary emergency power supply supplies power to the power domain controller through a DC/DC voltage reduction module in the auxiliary emergency power supply, the power domain controller then energizes a coil of the main positive relay, a coil of the pre-charging relay, a coil of the quick-charging relay and a coil of the main negative relay, so that the main positive contactor, the pre-charging contactor, the quick-charging contactor and the main negative contactor are closed, finally the BDU unit is energized, the high-voltage interface and the quick-charging interface are both energized, and the high-voltage interface supplies power to a high-voltage load, so that the power-on action of the whole vehicle is completed.
Meanwhile, the auxiliary emergency power supply also supplies power to a low-voltage domain controller (BCM and a gateway), so that keyless control, electronic lock control and the like can be realized.
After the high-voltage interface is electrified, current can be transmitted to the high-voltage load unit to supply power to the OBC module, the DC/DC module and the MCU module, then the DC/DC module converts high voltage into low voltage to supply power to the low-voltage load unit and low-voltage accessories in the high-voltage load unit (such as an integrated circuit board), wherein the low-voltage load unit comprises an ABS (anti-lock brake system), an EPS (electric power steering), a water pump, a fan, a wiper, a car lamp and a seat.
In addition, when the main positive contactor, the pre-charging contactor, the quick-charging contactor and the main negative contactor are not closed, the BDU is not electrified, the auxiliary emergency power supply can supply power to the high-voltage load unit at the moment, the high-voltage interface and the quick-charging interface are electrified after the contactors are closed and then supply power to the high-voltage load unit, the auxiliary emergency power supply can enter a dormant state after the DC/DC module normally works, when the DC/DC module is detected to be failed and cannot operate, the auxiliary emergency power supply can be switched on, and the auxiliary emergency power supply and the DC/DC module form a redundant structure.
When the maintenance is needed, the MSD is disconnected, and the first power supply supplies power to the auxiliary emergency power supply, so that the auxiliary emergency power supply can still normally work when the maintenance (MSD or fuse disconnection) is carried out. The auxiliary emergency power supply is internally provided with a low-power DC/DC voltage reduction conversion module, the DC/DC output supplies power for a power domain controller (BMS and VCU), and meanwhile, a driving power supply is provided for a main positive relay, a main negative relay and a pre-charging relay, so that the automobile can be normally powered on and off, and in addition, the BMS can carry out maintenance time recording.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-voltage electrical framework of an electric vehicle is characterized by comprising a battery pack, a power distribution unit, a high-voltage load unit, a low-voltage load unit, an auxiliary emergency power supply, a power domain controller and a low-voltage domain controller;
the battery pack is connected with the power distribution unit and used for supplying power to the power distribution unit;
the power distribution unit comprises a high-voltage interface and a quick charging interface, and the high-voltage interface is electrically connected with the high-voltage load unit;
the battery pack comprises a first power supply, an MSD (multi-level digital) and a second power supply which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the first power supply are connected with an auxiliary emergency power supply, and the positive electrode of the second power supply is connected with the auxiliary emergency power supply;
the auxiliary emergency power supply is connected with the power domain controller, the high-voltage load unit and the low-voltage domain controller and is used for supplying power to the power domain controller, the high-voltage load unit and the low-voltage domain controller;
the high-voltage load unit comprises a DC/DC module, and the DC/DC module is electrically connected with the low-voltage load unit and used for supplying power to the low-voltage load unit.
2. The electric vehicle high-voltage electrical architecture of claim 1, wherein the power distribution unit comprises a positive bus, a negative bus, a pre-charge line and a quick-charge line;
two ends of the positive bus are respectively connected with a positive electrode of a second power supply and a positive electrode of the high-voltage interface, and a main positive contactor is arranged on the positive bus;
the pre-charging line is connected with the main positive contactor in parallel and is provided with a pre-charging contactor and a pre-charging resistor which are connected in series;
two ends of the quick charging line are respectively connected with the anode of a second power supply and the anode of the quick charging interface, and a quick charging contactor is arranged on the quick charging line;
and a main negative contactor is arranged on the negative bus, one end of the main negative contactor is connected with the negative electrode of the first power supply, and the other end of the main negative contactor is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the high-voltage interface and the negative electrode of the quick charging interface.
3. The electric vehicle high-voltage electrical architecture according to claim 1, wherein the high-voltage load unit further comprises an OBC module and an MCU module;
the OBC module, the MCU module and the DC/DC module are all electrically connected with the high-voltage interface.
4. The electric vehicle high-voltage electrical architecture of claim 3, wherein the OBC module, MCU module and DC/DC module are all electrically connected with an auxiliary emergency power supply.
5. The electric vehicle high-voltage electrical architecture of claim 4, wherein the OBC module, the MCU module and the DC/DC module are all provided with low-voltage accessories inside, and the positive and negative electrodes of the DC/DC module are connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the low-voltage accessories and used for supplying power to the low-voltage accessories.
6. An electric vehicle high voltage electrical architecture according to claim 1, wherein the low voltage controller comprises a BCM and a gateway for keyless entry and electronic lock control.
7. The electric vehicle high-voltage electrical architecture of claim 1, wherein the power domain controller comprises a BMS and a VCU for controlling a main positive relay coil, a main negative relay coil, a pre-charge relay coil and a quick-charge relay coil.
8. An electric vehicle high voltage electrical architecture according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the low voltage load units comprise ABS, EPS, water pump, fan, wiper, lights and seat heating.
9. An electric vehicle high-voltage electrical architecture according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the auxiliary emergency power supply further incorporates a DC/DC voltage reduction module for converting the high voltage of the first power supply to a low voltage.
10. An electric vehicle high-voltage electrical architecture according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that diodes are arranged on the lines connecting the positive pole of the first power source and the positive pole of the second power source with the auxiliary emergency power source.
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| CN202210902861.3A CN115257581B (en) | 2022-07-29 | 2022-07-29 | High-voltage electrical architecture of electric vehicle |
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| CN202210902861.3A CN115257581B (en) | 2022-07-29 | 2022-07-29 | High-voltage electrical architecture of electric vehicle |
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