CN115255965A - Split type elastic static pressure band-type brake cover rotary table locking device - Google Patents
Split type elastic static pressure band-type brake cover rotary table locking device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115255965A CN115255965A CN202210839550.7A CN202210839550A CN115255965A CN 115255965 A CN115255965 A CN 115255965A CN 202210839550 A CN202210839550 A CN 202210839550A CN 115255965 A CN115255965 A CN 115255965A
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000036544 posture Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 35
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
- B23Q1/26—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports characterised by constructional features relating to the co-operation of relatively movable members; Means for preventing relative movement of such members
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Abstract
The invention discloses a split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve rotary table locking device which comprises a main shaft fixed with a rotary table and a split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve; the main shaft is connected with the box body through a turntable bearing and is connected with a power system for driving the turntable to rotate through a worm gear; the split elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve is relatively fixed with the main shaft through a band-type brake sleeve support, and the band-type brake sleeve support is fixed with the box body through an end cover; the split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve is formed by combining three identical elastic bearing bushes, and the three elastic bearing bushes are annularly and uniformly distributed through screws and are arranged on the band-type brake sleeve support in a spaced mode, and a gap is reserved between the three elastic bearing bushes and a main shaft. The invention improves the original surrounding type band-type brake sleeve into a split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve, and has the advantages that: elastic deformation of the three elastic bearing bushes can be controlled through the three independent hydraulic circuits, and deformation of the elastic bearing bushes can be changed in a mode of adjusting pressure in the three hydraulic circuits, so that the purpose of adjusting postures of the main shaft and the rotary table is achieved, and machining precision after locking is effectively controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machinery, in particular to a split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve rotary table locking device for machine tool rotary table equipment.
Background
When a numerical control machine tool carries out positioning processing on a designated angle plane or directional characteristics of a workpiece, the requirement of the workpiece on positioning accuracy cannot be met only by a driving system and a transmission mechanism, even if the positioning accuracy can be ensured, when a cutter or the workpiece bears large cutting force, particularly when heavy cutting is carried out, a rotating shaft on which the cutter or the workpiece is located also bears large cutting torque, and the problems of cutter or workpiece vibration and the like caused by large heat generation of a driving motor, forced deformation of the transmission mechanism and insufficient transmission rigidity are brought, so that the processing accuracy of the workpiece is seriously influenced. In order to avoid the problems, the positioning and clamping mechanism in the rotating shaft of the machine tool rotating table is applied, the application not only can provide higher positioning precision for the processing of the specified angle of the rotating shaft, but also can disperse the stress of the transmission mechanism during positioning and processing, so that the force is directly transmitted to the box body, a driving system and the transmission mechanism can be conveniently released, and the rotating shaft is ensured to have higher transmission rigidity.
At present, locking mechanisms used by machine tool turntables are mainly divided into two categories: the first is a fixed angle locking mechanism, and the second is an arbitrary angle locking mechanism.
The fixed angle locking mechanism generally adopts a mouse tooth disc (three-tooth disc) type locking mechanism, and has the advantages that: the precision is high, and the braking torque is big, but it is only limited to the angle graduation of fixed tooth number, can not satisfy the requirement of arbitrary angle graduation.
The so-called arbitrary angle locking mechanism mainly adopts an end surface friction sheet type or axial encircling type locking mechanism: the friction plate type locking mechanism has the advantages that: the locking mechanism has the advantages that the structure is simple, the installation is convenient, the locking position of the rotary table can be flexibly adjusted according to the internal structure of the rotary table, the locking torque can be increased by increasing friction plates, the technological requirement on each part is low, the locking mechanism is often applied to the rotary table with high rotating speed and small torque, but the deformation of the table top is large during the locking process, the rigidity of a system after the rotary table is locked is reduced, and the rotary table is easy to twist, incline and the like during milling and turning under the heavy cutting at a specified angle; the encircling type locking mechanism tightly embraces the main shaft by utilizing the elastic deformation of the thin-wall cylinder, and has the advantages that: the locking mechanism has the advantages of compact structure and large locking torque, and is usually applied to a large-torque rotary table, but when the locking mechanism works, the main shaft and the rotary table can deform to a certain extent under the action of the locking force, so that the positioning precision and the machining precision of a workpiece are influenced. Besides the locking force, the error of the relative position of the spindle and the locking device generated in the assembling process is also a main factor influencing the deformation of the spindle and the rotary table.
In view of the problems of the fixed angle locking mechanism and the end surface friction sheet type locking mechanism, the encircling type locking device is more widely applied. However, in order to improve the positioning and processing accuracy, the existing encircling type locking device has high requirements on the manufacturing accuracy of parts and the assembly accuracy of the device, so that the manufacturing cost of the rotary table is greatly increased, the abrasion degree of a friction surface is continuously increased along with the increase of the use times of the locking device, the positioning and processing accuracy is irreversibly reduced, when the processing error exceeds the accuracy requirement of a machine tool, the effective adjustment cannot be obtained, and the accuracy can be recovered only by replacing the parts of the locking device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve rotary table locking device which is large in locking torque and capable of adjusting the posture of a locked main shaft, so that the machining precision of the rotary table in a locking state in the actual machining process can be effectively controlled.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve rotary table locking device comprises a main shaft fixedly installed with a rotary table and a split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve; the main shaft is connected with the box body through a turntable bearing and is connected with a power system for driving the turntable to rotate through a worm gear; the split elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve is relatively fixed with the main shaft through a band-type brake sleeve support, the band-type brake sleeve support is fixed with the box body into a whole through an end cover, and an oil injection hole is formed in the end cover; the split elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve is formed by combining three identical elastic bearing bushes, a pressure oil cavity is arranged on the outer side of each elastic bearing bush, the inner side of each pressure oil cavity is thin-walled, and a sealing element is arranged in a sealing groove at the periphery of each pressure oil cavity; the three elastic bearing bushes are annularly and uniformly distributed through screws, gaps are reserved among the three elastic bearing bushes, the three elastic bearing bushes are arranged on the brake sleeve support, and gaps are reserved between the three elastic bearing bushes and the main shaft; the inside that the band-type brake cover supported is provided with three oiling pore canals of connecting independent hydraulic system respectively, the oiling pore canal by set up the band-type brake cover supports inside radial blind hole and sets up axial blind hole intercommunication in the band-type brake cover support wall forms, radial blind hole intercommunication the pressure oil pocket of elasticity axle bush, the axial blind hole pass through oiling drill way on the end cover communicates outside hydraulic system's oiling and connects.
The elastic bearing bush is made of a thin-walled tube capable of generating large elastic deformation, and the tube is characterized by large friction coefficient and enough wear resistance.
And a sealing element used for the peripheral sealing groove of the pressure oil cavity is a specially-made 0-type sealing ring.
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and has the advantages that:
(1) The original encircling type contracting brake sleeve is improved into a split type elastic static pressure contracting brake sleeve, elastic deformation of the three elastic bearing bushes can be controlled through three independent hydraulic circuits, and the deformation of the elastic bearing bushes can be changed by adjusting the pressure in the three hydraulic circuits, so that the purpose of adjusting the postures of the main shaft and the rotary table is achieved.
(2) The phenomenon that the postures of the main shaft and the rotary table are changed greatly after the locking due to machining and assembling errors of the conventional encircling brake sleeve is avoided, the requirements of a locking mechanism on the machining and assembling of parts of the rotary table are reduced, and the machining precision after the locking can be effectively controlled.
(3) The split type elastic static pressure contracting brake sleeve has the advantages that each elastic bearing bush is similar to a cantilever structure, the free ends of the elastic static pressure contracting brake sleeve not only effectively lock the main shaft, but also the locking area and the locking torque are greatly increased, the defects that the external pressure of a thin-wall cylinder is deformed, the two ends of the contracting brake sleeve are not in contact with the main shaft, and the effective locking area is small due to the limitation of the prior design of the prior encircling type contracting brake sleeve are overcome, and the split type elastic static pressure contracting brake sleeve has good practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve and the band-type brake sleeve support in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a piece of elastic bearing pad in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional schematic view of the band-type brake cover support of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a turntable error measurement point set in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the area division on the measured plane of the turntable in the embodiment of the invention.
The reference numbers in the figures:
the hydraulic brake system comprises a box body 1, a turntable bearing 2, a main shaft 3, a turntable 4, a split elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve 5, an elastic bearing bush 51, a pressure oil cavity 511, a sealing groove 512, a band-type brake sleeve support 6, an oil injection pore channel 601, an end cover 7 and an oil injection orifice 701.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve rotary table locking device comprises a main shaft 3 and a split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve 5 which are fixedly installed with a rotary table 4; the main shaft 3 is connected with the box body 1 into a whole through a turntable bearing 2 and is connected with a power system through a worm gear to drive the turntable 4 to rotate relative to the box body 1; the split elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve 5 is relatively fixed with the main shaft 3 through a band-type brake sleeve support 6, the band-type brake sleeve support 6 is fixedly connected with the box body 1 through an end cover 7, and an oil injection hole 701 is formed in the end cover 7.
Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, the split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve 5 is formed by combining three identical elastic bearing bushes 51, a pressure oil chamber 511 is arranged on the outer side of each elastic bearing bush 51, a sealing groove 512 is arranged on the periphery of each pressure oil chamber 511, and a specially-made 0-type sealing ring is installed in each sealing groove 512.
Three elastic bearing bushes 51 are annularly and uniformly arranged on the brake sleeve support 6 through screws, and gaps are reserved between the elastic bearing bushes and the main shaft 3, so that the main shaft 3 can normally rotate during the non-operation period of the locking device; gaps are also reserved among the three elastic bearing bushes 51, and the purpose of the gaps is to avoid the influence on the final locking effect caused by the fact that the edges of the three elastic bearing bushes 51 are pressed mutually to increase stress and block radial deformation when the locking device is locked.
The thin wall part of the inner side of the pressure oil chamber 511 is the main area of the locking device of the invention which generates elastic deformation, when the turntable 4 needs to be locked, the pressure oil chamber 511 is filled with hydraulic oil, so that the elastic bearing bush 51 generates elastic deformation to tightly hold the main shaft 3, and friction torque required by locking is provided; when the rotary table 4 needs to be loosened, the pressure of the hydraulic system is relieved, hydraulic oil flows back and is not filled in the pressure oil cavity 511 any more, and the elastic bearing bush 51 is restored under the action of the elasticity of the elastic bearing bush and keeps clearance fit with the main shaft 3.
Referring to fig. 5, three oil injection hole channels 601 are processed inside the band-type brake sleeve support 6 to serve as charging and discharging channels for pressure oil, and the three oil injection hole channels 601 are respectively connected with three independently controlled hydraulic systems. The oil injection pore channel 601 is formed by communicating a radial blind hole formed in the inner part of the band-type brake sleeve support 6 with an axial blind hole formed in the wall of the band-type brake sleeve support 6, the radial blind hole is communicated with a pressure oil cavity 511 of the elastic bearing bush 51, and the axial blind hole is communicated with an oil injection joint connected with an external hydraulic system through an oil injection orifice 701 on the end cover 7. When the rotary table 4 is locked, the three hydraulic systems simultaneously supply oil to the three oil injection ducts 601 and enter the three pressure oil chambers 511 of the three elastic bearing bushes 51 through the three oil injection ducts 601; when the pressure oil chamber 511 is filled with hydraulic oil, the elastic bearing bush 51 deforms to tightly hold the main shaft 3, thereby realizing a locking function.
When the split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve rotary table locking device is applied, a workpiece to be processed is fixed on the rotary table 4 through a clamping and positioning tool. When the workpiece needs to be positioned and machined, the turntable 4 can be locked after being rotated in an indexing manner, so that the position of the machined workpiece in the coordinate system of the turntable 4 cannot be changed in the whole machining process, and the machining precision is reliably ensured.
In this embodiment, the elastic bearing bush 51 is formed by processing a thin-walled tube capable of generating large elastic deformation, and when the thin-walled tube is selected, the thin-walled tube has sufficient wear resistance while having a large friction coefficient.
It is known to those skilled in the art that under the action of the locking force, there is a possibility of some deformation of both the spindle 3 and the turntable 4, and there are inevitable errors in the machining and assembling of the parts of the turntable 4, and the accumulation of these errors increases the deformation of the spindle 3 and the turntable 4. Therefore, in order to reduce the deformation degree, before the split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve rotary table locking device is applied to actual processing, a measurement sampling point can be set to collect and process the deformation data of the table top of the rotary table 4, and whether the processing requirements are met or not can be seen by describing the spatial posture of the rotary table 4. If the machining requirement is not met, the pressures of three hydraulic circuits in the device can be adjusted according to the analysis of the data result, so that the deformation of the three corresponding elastic bearing bushes 51 and the posture of the spindle 3 are adjusted until the spatial posture of the turntable 4 meets the machining precision requirement in the locking state.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the specific adjustment method includes the following steps:
(1) Selecting a measuring point and measuring the plane state of the turntable 4 in a free state:
in the present embodiment, a circular ring plane spotting method shown in fig. 6 is adopted, and 18 measurement points a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, and c6 are taken to perform measurement in a manner that 6 points are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and 3 points are spaced by 50mm in each radial direction, and the measurement sequence is as follows: a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6.
(2) Measuring the plane state of the turntable in a locking state:
and starting a hydraulic system and locking the rotary table 4. Before the initial adjustment, the three hydraulic systems supply oil according to the minimum oil supply pressure reliably locked under ideal assembly conditions, the minimum oil supply pressure is set to be 5Mpa in the embodiment, each measuring point obtained in the step (1) is measured again, and the height difference value of the measuring points before and after locking is used as the deformation delta z.
(3) Performing visualization processing on the data acquired in the steps (1) and (2) to visually reflect the plane deformation of the turntable 4 in the locking state:
A. generating uniformly distributed data within an acquisition point interval using a line space function in MATLAB;
B. controlling the range and the quantity of the interpolation point data;
C. generating a grid by using a mesh function, and calling a griddata function to interpolate on the grid (the interpolation method adopts a cubic interpolation method cubic);
D. the surface is generated using a mapping method (surf, mesh, etc.).
(4) Establishing a pressure adjustment guiding model:
establishing a machine tool precision model based on a multi-body theory, obtaining a mathematical relation between the deformation of the rotary table and the machine tool precision, and reversely deducing the plane limit deformation of the rotary table according to the machine tool precision requirement; and establishing a static model of the main shaft, the turntable and the bearing under the three-way load, deducing the relation between the deformation of the table top and the pressure of the three elastic bearing bushes 51, and establishing a pressure adjustment guide model.
(4) Observing the inclination direction and the maximum deformation area of the measured plane, and adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic circuit of the three elastic bearing bushes 51.
Dividing the actual measurement plane into three areas I, II and III according to the arrangement of the elastic bearing bushes 51, where the three areas respectively correspond to the positions of the three elastic bearing bushes 51, and according to the distribution of the tabletop deformation of the turntable 4 in the three areas, the following three conditions can be divided:
(1) if the deformation in the z-axis direction mainly occurs in a single region, the oil supply pressure of the corresponding one of the elastic bearing pads 51 is increased;
(2) if the deformation along the z-axis direction mainly occurs at the boundary of the two areas, the oil supply pressure of the two elastic bearing bushes 51 corresponding to the two areas is respectively increased;
(3) if the whole table top of the turntable 4 deforms downward along the z-axis in the pressure adjusting process, the oil supply pressure of the elastic bearing bush 51 corresponding to the region where the maximum deformation is located downward along the z-axis is reduced, but the oil supply pressure of each of the three elastic bearing bushes 51 is not lower than the minimum oil supply pressure meeting the locking requirement under the ideal assembly condition.
(6) And (5) repeating the steps (2) to (5) until the error of the rotary table 4 meets the requirement.
In the above step of the adjusting method, the adjustment amount of the supply pressure should be set according to the maximum deformation amount of the region. In this embodiment: when the maximum deformation is larger than 1.5 μm, the adjustment amount is 0.2MPa each time;
when the maximum deformation is larger than 1 μm and smaller than 1.5 μm, the adjustment amount is 0.1MPa each time;
when the maximum deformation is less than 1 μm, the adjustment amount is 0.05MPa each time.
The technical solution of the split type elastic static pressure band-type brake cover turntable locking device of the present invention is schematically described above with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, and the description is not limited. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in practice, certain changes may be made in the arrangement or disposition of the various elements of the invention, and similar arrangements may be devised by others in light of the above teachings. It is specifically intended that all such obvious variations be included within the scope of the present invention, unless they depart therefrom.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a split type elasticity static pressure band-type brake cover revolving stage locking device, includes the main shaft with revolving stage fixed mounting, characterized by: the brake further comprises a split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve; the main shaft is connected with the box body through a turntable bearing and is connected with a power system for driving the turntable to rotate through a worm gear; the split elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve is relatively fixed with the main shaft through a band-type brake sleeve support, the band-type brake sleeve support is fixed with the box body into a whole through an end cover, and an oil injection hole is formed in the end cover; the split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve is formed by combining three identical elastic bearing bushes, and the three elastic bearing bushes are annularly and uniformly distributed through screws and are arranged on the band-type brake sleeve support in a spaced mode, and a gap is reserved between the elastic bearing bushes and the main shaft.
2. The split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve rotary table locking device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the outer side of the elastic bearing bush is provided with a pressure oil cavity, the inner side of the pressure oil cavity is provided with a thin wall, and a sealing element is arranged in a sealing groove at the periphery of the pressure oil cavity.
3. The split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve rotary table locking device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the elastic bearing bush is made of a thin-wall pipe capable of generating large elastic deformation, and the pipe is characterized by large friction coefficient and enough wear resistance.
4. The split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve rotary table locking device as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: and the sealing element for the peripheral sealing groove of the pressure oil cavity is a specially-made 0-type sealing ring.
5. The split type elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve rotary table locking device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the inside that the band-type brake cover supported is provided with three oiling pore canals of connecting independent hydraulic system respectively, the oiling pore canal by set up the band-type brake cover supports inside radial blind hole and sets up axial blind hole intercommunication in the band-type brake cover support wall forms, radial blind hole intercommunication the pressure oil pocket of elasticity axle bush, the axial blind hole pass through oiling drill way on the end cover communicates outside hydraulic system's oiling and connects.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210839550.7A CN115255965B (en) | 2022-07-18 | Split elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve rotary table locking device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210839550.7A CN115255965B (en) | 2022-07-18 | Split elastic static pressure band-type brake sleeve rotary table locking device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115255965A true CN115255965A (en) | 2022-11-01 |
| CN115255965B CN115255965B (en) | 2024-07-09 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117484215A (en) * | 2024-01-02 | 2024-02-02 | 中国机械总院集团宁波智能机床研究院有限公司 | Control method and device of aerostatic turntable and aerostatic turntable |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117484215A (en) * | 2024-01-02 | 2024-02-02 | 中国机械总院集团宁波智能机床研究院有限公司 | Control method and device of aerostatic turntable and aerostatic turntable |
| CN117484215B (en) * | 2024-01-02 | 2024-04-26 | 中国机械总院集团宁波智能机床研究院有限公司 | Control method and device of aerostatic turntable and aerostatic turntable |
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