CN115248405A - Magnetic susceptibility measurement system and method based on atomic magnetometer - Google Patents
Magnetic susceptibility measurement system and method based on atomic magnetometer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision magnetic susceptibility measuring system based on an atomic magnetometer, which comprises: the device comprises a first coherent light source, a second coherent light source, a first polarization beam splitter, a second polarization beam splitter, a third polarization beam splitter, a 1/4 wave plate, a half-wave plate, a balance detector, a rubidium atom ensemble, a Helmholtz coil, a magnetic shielding cover, an electromagnet, a guide tube, a guide coil, a vacuum pump, an electromagnetic valve and an air tube. The method realizes the measurement of the sample polarizing magnetic field based on the magneto-optical rotation effect generated in the rubidium atom ensemble, and the ratio of the polarizing magnetic field to the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet is the sample polarizability. The measuring system has important application prospect in the fields of precision measurement, geological exploration and biological magnetic field measurement. Compared with the traditional susceptibility meter, the invention utilizes the emerging ultra-sensitive atomic magnetometer as the magnetization probe, thereby greatly improving the sensitivity of magnetic field measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nonlinear optics, quantum optics and precision measurement systems, and relates to a magnetic susceptibility measurement system and method based on an atomic magnetometer.
Background
Magnetic susceptibility is a measure of the magnetization properties of a substance. The measurement of the magnetic susceptibility of the substance has important application in the aspects of non-magnetic material detection and environmental magnetism research. As electronic technology continues to develop, electronic devices are becoming smaller and more precise. At present, nonmagnetic materials such as copper materials, aluminum materials, titanium alloys, ceramics and the like are required to be used in a plurality of industries. The magnetic susceptibility and other characteristics of these substances can have a very significant effect on the accuracy of the device. There is a need for accurate measurement of the permeability of a substance. In the natural environment, the magnetic susceptibility of the sample can indicate the type of minerals contained in soil, rocks, dust and sediments, and the formation or handling process of the traced substances. Susceptibility measurement has diagnostic significance for specific processes such as burning or soil impregnation, and plays an important role in the research fields of archaeology, soil science and the like.
The traditional magnetic susceptibility measurement is completed by using a magnetic balance device developed by the ancient and ancient law principle. In the inhomogeneous magnetic field, the force applied to weak magnetic matter is proportional to its magnetic susceptibility, and the magnetic parameters may be obtained by measuring the force acting on the magnetic matter in the inhomogeneous magnetic field. The measurement accuracy of the balance therefore limits the sensitivity and the measurement range of the susceptibility measurement. The most sensitive susceptibility measurement systems available are based on superconducting quantum magnetometers. Superconducting quantum interference devices are sensors for detecting magnetic flux or any physical quantity that can be converted into magnetic flux. It is formed by connecting two josephson tunnel junctions by a superconducting ring. Its advantages are high sensitivity and wide range of magnetic susceptibility measurement. However, the disadvantages of superconducting susceptibility meters are also very significant, and the requirement for a low temperature environment makes the instruments very expensive and bulky. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a compact measurement system and method that have a wider magnetic susceptibility measurement range, higher measurement accuracy, and are easy to carry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a brand-new magnetic susceptibility measurement system and method based on an atomic magnetometer, and aims to solve the problems that the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is low and the magnetic susceptibility measurement range is limited due to insufficient magnetic field measurement sensitivity in the prior magnetic susceptibility measurement technology. Compared with the traditional susceptibility meter, the invention applies the novel atomic magnetometer as the magnetic field probe, thereby greatly increasing the sensitivity of magnetic field measurement. The invention has wide application in the precise measurement fields of material detection, biomagnetism, environmental magnetism and the like because of large measurement range and high precision of the magnetic susceptibility.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a high precision magnetic susceptibility measurement system based on an atomic magnetometer, which comprises a sample polarization device, a sample transportation device and a polarized magnetic field measurement device; the method comprises the following specific steps:
a first coherent light source for generating a pump light field, which is required to resonate with an atomic transition energy level;
a second coherent light source for generating a probe light field requiring that the light field be far detuned from the atomic transition energy level;
the far detuning means that the laser frequency and the resonant frequency are different by dozens of GHz.
The first polarization beam splitter is used for converting the probe optical field into linearly polarized light;
the second polarization beam splitter is used for separating the polarization direction of the probe optical field along the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
the third polarization beam splitter is used for converting the pumping light field into linear polarization light;
the 1/4 wave plate is used for changing the polarization ellipsometry of the pump light generated after the first coherent light source passes through the third polarization beam splitter;
the half-wave plate is used for changing the polarization direction of the probe light generated by the second coherent light source after passing through the first polarization beam splitter;
the balance detector is used for detecting the difference of the light intensity of the light beams entering the two probes of the detector;
the rubidium atom ensemble is used for detecting a polarizing magnetic field generated by a sample;
the Helmholtz coil is used for generating a uniform bias magnetic field and balancing the residual magnetism of the magnetic shield (11);
the magnetic shielding cover is used for shielding external magnetic field noise and a magnetic field generated by the electromagnet;
the electromagnet is used for applying a polarizing magnetic field;
the bottom end of the guide pipe is connected with the atomic magnetometer, and the top end of the guide pipe is connected with the electromagnet;
the guide coil is used for guiding the magnetization direction of the sample to be converted into a rubidium atom ensemble sensitive direction, namely the direction perpendicular to the first coherent light source (1) and the second coherent light source (2);
the vacuum pump is used for transporting the test sample to and fro between the electromagnet and the magnetic shield;
the electromagnetic valve is a switch for controlling the vacuum pump and is powered by 220V mains supply;
the trachea is used for connecting vacuum pump and guide tube.
The phase-locked amplifier is used for demodulating signals;
the probe is used for converting the detected optical signal into an electrical signal,
the sample tube is used for placing a sample, and the T-shaped structure of the sample tube enables the sample tube to be pumped up by the air pump in the guide tube.
Wherein the first coherent light source and the second coherent light source are coherent light sources emitted by a laser and work in a continuous mode; a first coherent light source resonating with an atomic transition energy level; a second coherent light source that is far detuned from an atomic transition energy level.
The first coherent light source and the second coherent light source are perpendicular to each other.
The bias magnetic field generated by the Helmholtz coil and the guiding magnetic field generated by the guiding coil are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the propagation directions of the first coherent light source and the second coherent light source.
And controlling a vacuum pump switch by using the solenoid valve, modulating the spatial position of the sample, and demodulating the detected signal at the same frequency.
In the invention, a rubidium atom ensemble is used for detecting a sample polarization magnetic field.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the magnetic susceptibility based on the atomic magnetometer, wherein a beam of pumping light which is close to resonance with the atomic energy level and is provided with a circular polarization pump polarizes the atoms, transmits angular momentum to an atomic ensemble, and generates a spin state which is preserved for a long time in the atomic ground state. The atomic state is then measured using a beam of linearly polarized probe light that is far detuned from the atomic transition. Meanwhile, the optical field and the atomic transition energy level are far detuned, and the atomic state is not influenced. By measuring the frequency of the modulated polarization of the optical field, the precession frequency of the atomic spins can be obtained, and the magnetic field intensity of the sample can be known. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the laser of the first coherent light source is filtered by the third polarization beam splitter, and the light field is ensured to be linearly polarized light. Then the light field is converted into circularly polarized light through a 1/4 wave plate. And finally, injecting the optical field into a rubidium atom ensemble, transferring the angular momentum of the optical field to the atom ensemble, and preparing all atoms to a single atom ground state magneton energy level.
Step two: and the laser of the second coherent light source is filtered by the first polarization beam splitter, so that the light field is ensured to be linearly polarized light and is injected into the rubidium atom ensemble. When the laser passes through the rubidium atom ensemble, the polarization, light intensity and phase of an optical field can be modulated by an atom medium under the combined action of a bias magnetic field generated by a Helmholtz coil and a polarization magnetic field generated by a sample, so that corresponding changes can be made. After being integrated, the rubidium atoms emitted by the laser pass through a half-wave plate and a second polarization beam splitter, are divided into two beams of light with mutually vertical polarization directions, and finally the two beams of light enter a balance detector and are used for measuring the polarization of a light field. By measuring the frequency with the modulated polarization, the precession frequency of the atomic spins can be obtained, and the magnetic field strength of the sample can be known.
Step three: the vacuum pump is turned on to position the sample tube at the top of a guide tube and near the electromagnet. The sample can be polarized using the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet.
Step four: and closing the vacuum pump, and simultaneously opening the guide coil, so that the magnetization direction of the sample is converted into the sensitivity direction of the rubidium atom ensemble by the guide magnetic field generated by the guide coil in the falling process and falls to the bottom of the guide tube. The sample now entered the magnetic shield and had a gap of about 1mm from the rubidium atom ensemble. The atomic state is then measured using a beam of linearly polarized probe light that is far detuned from the atomic transition. Meanwhile, the optical field and the atomic transition energy level are far detuned, and the atomic state is not influenced. By measuring the frequency of the modulated polarization of the optical field, the precession frequency of the atomic spins can be obtained, and the magnetic field intensity of the sample can be known.
Step five: the electromagnetic valve can control the switch of the vacuum pump and modulate the spatial position of the sample. The spatial position of the sample is modulated by a characteristic frequency, and the magnetic field signal measured by the atomic magnetometer generates modulation corresponding to the characteristic frequency. And finally, demodulating the measurement signal by using the same characteristic frequency by using a phase-locked amplifier to obtain the size of the polarized magnetic field generated by the sample.
Step six: and calculating the ratio of the polarizing magnetic field generated by the sample to the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet to obtain the sample magnetic susceptibility.
The rubidium atom ensemble (9) works under the condition of 160 ℃.
The beneficial effects of the invention include: the method realizes the measurement of the sample polarizing magnetic field based on the magneto-optical rotation effect generated in the rubidium atom ensemble, and the ratio of the polarizing magnetic field to the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet is the sample polarizability. The measuring system has important application prospect in the fields of precision measurement, geological exploration and biological magnetic field measurement. Compared with the traditional susceptibility meter, on one hand, the invention utilizes the emerging ultrasensitive atomic magnetometer as the magnetization probe, thereby greatly improving the sensitivity of magnetic field measurement. On the other hand, the vacuum pump is used for modulating the spatial position of the sample, and the modulation and demodulation measurement is used for improving the measurement signal-to-noise ratio and finally realizing the high-precision magnetic susceptibility measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic susceptibility measurement system based on an atomic magnetometer in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a magnetic susceptibility measurement method based on an atomic magnetometer in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. The procedures, conditions, experimental methods and the like for carrying out the present invention are general knowledge and common general knowledge in the art except for the contents specifically mentioned below, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
The magnetic susceptibility measurement system of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, and includes: the device comprises a first coherent light source 1, a second coherent light source 2, a first polarization beam splitter 3, a second polarization beam splitter 4, a third polarization beam splitter 5, a 1/4 wave plate 6, a half-wave plate 7, a balance detector 8, a rubidium atom ensemble 9, a Helmholtz coil 10, a magnetic shielding cover 11, an electromagnet 12, a guide tube 13, a guide coil 14, a vacuum pump 15, an electromagnetic valve 16 and an air tube 17.
The laser of the first coherent light source 1 and the laser of the second coherent light source 2 are firstly filtered by the first polarization beam splitter 3 and the third polarization beam splitter 5 respectively, so that the light field is ensured to be linearly polarized. The first coherent light source 1 resonates with the atom transition energy level, and the light field is converted into circularly polarized light after passing through the 1/4 wave plate 6. And finally, injecting the optical field into the rubidium atom ensemble 9, and preparing all atoms to a single atom ground state magnetic photon energy level. The second coherent light source 2 is far detuned from atomic transition, and when the laser passes through the rubidium atom ensemble 9, under the combined action of a bias magnetic field generated by the helmholtz coil 10 and a polarization magnetic field generated by the sample, the polarization of an optical field is modulated by an atomic medium so as to make corresponding changes. The laser emergent rubidium atoms are integrated, pass through a half-wave plate 7 and a second polarization beam splitter 4, and finally enter a balance detector 8 and measure the polarization of a light field. By measuring the frequency at which the polarization is modulated, the precession frequency of the atomic spins can be derived, and thus the magnetic field strength can be known. The solenoid valve 16 can control the vacuum pump 15 to change the spatial position of the sample. When the vacuum pump 15 is operated, the sample is located at the top of a guide tube 13 and close to the electromagnet 12. The sample can be polarized using the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet. When the vacuum pump 15 is turned off, the sample falls to the bottom of the guide tube 13. The guidance coil 14 is turned on during the fall of the sample, so that the magnetization direction of the sample is turned by the guidance magnetic field to be parallel to the bias magnetic field generated by the helmholtz coil 10. At the moment, the sample enters a magnetic shield 11, is close to the rubidium atom ensemble 9 and has a 1mm gap with the rubidium atom ensemble 9; the atomic state is then measured using a beam of linearly polarized probe light that is far detuned from the atomic transition. Meanwhile, the optical field and the atomic transition energy level are far detuned, and the atomic state is not influenced. By measuring the frequency of the modulated polarization of the optical field, the precession frequency of the atomic spins can be obtained, and the magnetic field intensity of the sample can be known. The spatial position of the sample is modulated at a characteristic frequency, and the measured magnetic field signal also produces a modulation corresponding to the characteristic frequency. And finally, demodulating the measurement signal by using the same characteristic frequency by using a phase-locked amplifier to obtain the size of the polarized magnetic field generated by the sample.
The high-precision magnetic susceptibility measurement method disclosed by the invention is as shown in fig. 2, an electromagnet is used as a sample polarization device to generate a polarization magnetic field, the polarization magnetic field passes through a sample transportation module consisting of a guide tube, a guide coil, a vacuum pump, an electromagnetic valve and an air tube, and finally the polarization magnetic field is measured by using a polarization magnetic field measurement module consisting of a coherent light source, a polarization beam splitter, a 1/4 wave plate, a half-wave plate, a balance detector, a rubidium atom ensemble, a Helmholtz coil and a magnetic shield. The above processes are repeated in cycles with the characteristic frequency, and the measurement signals are demodulated with the same characteristic frequency, so that the precise measurement of the magnetic susceptibility is finally realized.
The protection content of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, and the scope of the appended claims is intended to be protected.
Claims (8)
1. A high precision magnetic susceptibility measurement system based on an atomic magnetometer, the system comprising: the device comprises a first coherent light source (1), a second coherent light source (2), a first polarization beam splitter (3), a second polarization beam splitter (4), a third polarization beam splitter (5), a 1/4 wave plate (6), a half-wave plate (7), a balance detector (8), a rubidium atom ensemble (9), a Helmholtz coil (10), a magnetic shielding cover (11), an electromagnet (12), a guide tube (13), a guide coil (14), a vacuum pump (15), an electromagnetic valve (16), an air tube (17) and a phase-locked amplifier (18); wherein:
the first coherent light source (1) is used for generating a pumping light field, and the pumping light field is in resonance with an atomic transition energy level;
the second coherent light source (2) for generating a probe light field that is far detuned from atomic transition energy levels;
the first polarization beam splitter (3) is used for converting the probe optical field into linearly polarized light;
the second polarization beam splitter (4) is used for dividing the polarization direction of the probe optical field along the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
the third polarization beam splitter (5) is used for converting the pump light field into linear polarization;
the 1/4 wave plate (6) is used for changing the polarization ellipsometry of the pump light generated by the first coherent light source (1) after passing through the third polarization beam splitter (5);
the half-wave plate (7) is used for changing the polarization direction of probe light generated after the second coherent light source (2) passes through the first polarization beam splitter (3);
the balance detector (8) is used for detecting the difference of the light intensity of the light beams entering the two probes (19) of the detector;
the rubidium atom ensemble (9) is used for detecting a polarizing magnetic field generated by a sample;
the Helmholtz coil (10) is used for generating a uniform bias magnetic field and balancing the remanence of the magnetic shield (11);
the magnetic shielding cover (11) is used for shielding external magnetic field noise and a magnetic field generated by the electromagnet (12);
the electromagnet (12) is used for applying a polarizing magnetic field to the sample;
the guide pipe (13) is used for guiding the sample to move, the bottom end of the guide pipe (13) is connected with the atomic magnetometer, and the top end of the guide pipe is connected with the electromagnet (12);
the guide coil (14) guides the magnetization direction of the sample to be converted into a rubidium atom ensemble sensitive direction, namely the direction perpendicular to the first coherent light source (1) and the second coherent light source (2);
the vacuum pump (15) is used for transporting the test sample to and fro between the electromagnet (12) and the magnetic shield (11);
the electromagnetic valve (16) is a switch for controlling the vacuum pump and is powered by 220V mains supply;
the air pipe (17) is used for connecting the vacuum pump (15) and the guide pipe (13).
The phase-locked amplifier (18) is used for demodulating signals,
the probe (19) is used for converting the detected optical signal into an electrical signal,
the sample tube (20) is used for placing a sample, and the T-shaped structure of the sample tube enables the sample tube to be pumped up by an air pump in the guide tube.
2. Susceptibility measuring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said first coherent light source (1) and said second coherent light source (2) are coherent light sources from lasers, operating in continuous mode.
3. Susceptibility measuring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said first coherent light source (1) and said second coherent light source (2) are perpendicular to each other.
4. Susceptibility measuring system according to claim 1, wherein the bias magnetic field generated by the Helmholtz coil (10) and the guiding magnetic field generated by the guiding coil (14) are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the propagation direction of the first coherent light source (1) and the second coherent light source (2).
5. Magnetic susceptibility measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnetic valve (16) is used to control the vacuum pump (15) on and off to modulate the spatial position of the sample and demodulate the detected signal at the same frequency.
6. The magnetic susceptibility measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the rubidium atom ensemble (9) is used to probe a sample polarizing magnetic field; the rubidium atom ensemble (9) is operated at 160 ℃.
7. A high-precision magnetic susceptibility measurement method based on an atomic magnetometer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the laser of the first coherent light source (1) is filtered by a third polarization beam splitter (5) to ensure that the light field is linearly polarized light; then the light field is converted into circularly polarized light through a 1/4 wave plate (6); finally, injecting the optical field into a rubidium atom ensemble (9), transferring the angular momentum of the optical field to the rubidium atom ensemble, and preparing all atoms to a single atom ground state magnetic electron energy level;
step two: the laser of the second coherent light source (2) is filtered by the first polarization beam splitter (3), the light field is ensured to be linearly polarized light, and the linearly polarized light is injected into the rubidium atom ensemble; when the laser passes through the rubidium atom ensemble (9), under the combined action of a bias magnetic field generated by a Helmholtz coil (10) and a polarization magnetic field generated by a sample, the polarization, the light intensity and the phase of a light field are all modulated by an atom medium so as to change; after the laser emits rubidium atom ensemble (9), the rubidium atom ensemble is divided into two beams of light with mutually vertical polarization directions through a half-wave plate (7) and a second polarization beam splitter (4); finally, a balance detector (8) is incident and the polarization of the light field is measured; obtaining the precession frequency of the atom spin by measuring the frequency of modulated polarization, thereby obtaining the magnetic field intensity of the sample;
step three: turning on the vacuum pump (15) to position the sample tube (20) on top of a guide tube (13) and near the electromagnet (12); polarizing the sample using a magnetic field generated by an electromagnet (12);
step four: when the vacuum pump (15) is closed, the sample falls on the bottom of the guide tube (13); opening the guide coil (14) in the process of falling of the sample, so that the magnetization direction of the sample is converted into a direction parallel to the bias magnetic field generated by the Helmholtz coil (10) by the guide magnetic field generated by the guide coil (14); at the moment, the sample enters a magnetic shield (11) and has a 1mm gap with a rubidium atom ensemble (9); then, measuring the atomic state by utilizing a beam of linearly polarized detection light which is far detuned with atomic transition, and simultaneously, because the optical field and the atomic transition energy level are far detuned, the atomic state is not influenced; measuring the frequency of modulated light field polarization to obtain the precession frequency of atomic spin, thereby obtaining the magnetic field intensity of the sample;
step five: controlling the on-off of a vacuum pump (15) by using an electromagnetic valve (16), and modulating the spatial position of the sample; modulating the spatial position of the sample by characteristic frequency, wherein the magnetic field signal measured by the atomic magnetometer can also generate modulation corresponding to the characteristic frequency; finally, demodulating the measurement signal by using a phase-locked amplifier (18) at the same characteristic frequency to obtain the size of the polarized magnetic field generated by the sample;
step six: and calculating the ratio of the polarizing magnetic field generated by the sample to the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet to obtain the sample magnetic susceptibility.
8. The method for high-precision magnetic susceptibility measurement based on an atomic magnetometer according to claim 7, characterized in that it uses a high-precision magnetic susceptibility measurement system based on an atomic magnetometer according to any of claims 1-6.
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| CN116047382A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-05-02 | 浙江工业大学 | Cold atom chip magnetic field signal detection device and detection method |
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