CN115242755B - Performance monitoring and load balancing method based on SIP signaling server cluster - Google Patents
Performance monitoring and load balancing method based on SIP signaling server cluster Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a performance monitoring and load balancing method based on a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) signaling server cluster, belonging to the field of multimedia communication; the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of distributing weights for different types of transactions, obtaining a time period when a load balancer forwards a request to a receiving server node to respond to 200OK, distributing weights for different response times, calculating the load capacity of a server, obtaining the running state of the server node, setting two threshold values, and selecting the server node with the least load capacity in a normal state to distribute the SIP request according to the running state of the server node and the calculated load capacity. The invention can accurately reflect the load capacity of the server node, reduce the network load and improve the processing performance of the service node.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a performance monitoring and load balancing method based on a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) signaling server cluster, belonging to the technical field of multimedia communication.
Background
Current single multimedia communications are no longer able to meet current demands, but are becoming more and more interesting for converged communications. The converged communication refers to the integration of a single communication mode in the past and a modern advanced computer technology, and the integration of a computer network and a traditional communication network on a network platform, so as to realize a plurality of application services such as telephone, data transmission, audio-video conference, instant messaging and the like. The SIP protocol is a main protocol supporting converged communication technology, so how to provide high-quality and high-experience communication services for users through the SIP protocol becomes a very important problem under the situation that the use demands of network resources are increasing in the face of increasing internet users.
At present, in order to enable the network resources to be efficiently and reasonably distributed, the service quality under the condition of multi-user concurrency is ensured. The most mainstream method is to use SIP server clusters and use load balancing technology to improve the service capability of the system. Load balancing techniques for a cluster of SIP servers include SIP dialog-based load balancing and SIP transaction-based load balancing, depending on the nature of the SIP protocol and in combination with SIP logic. Although the two load balancing techniques can solve the load balancing problem of the SIP server cluster system to a certain extent, certain defects still exist. For the load balancing technology based on SIP dialogs, the server node can be dynamically selected to process the request according to the number of dialogs of the server, which has the disadvantage that the processing performance of one server node is not careful as a measure of the number of dialogs. The load balancing technology based on the SIP transaction uses smaller granularity as a load measuring unit, and uses the SIP transaction as a load measuring unit, so that the load capacity of the server node can be represented more accurately.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a performance monitoring and load balancing method based on an SIP signaling server cluster, which can accurately reflect the load capacity of a server node, reduce network load and improve the processing performance of the server node.
The invention aims to achieve the aim, and the aim is achieved by the following technical scheme:
step 1: assigning weights to different types of transactions, and sending a request to a server by a client, wherein each server node acquires all the transactions on the server and assigns weights lambda to the transactions i Where i represents the type of transaction being processed by the server, λ i Take the value as the rangeThe circumference is 0 to 1.
Step 2: and acquiring a time period for a load balancer to forward a request to a receiving server node to respond 200OK, distributing weights mu to different response times, selecting the latest N pieces of response time data to perform weighted average calculation, wherein the latest weight is N, secondly N-1, sequentially pushing backwards, and the oldest is 1.
Step 3: calculating the load L of the server, and obtaining a transaction weight lambda according to the step 1 and the step 2 i And calculating the load L of the server according to the response time weight mu, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
C j ＝[C 1 ,C 1 ,C 3 ]
T j ＝[T 1 ,T 2 ,T 3 ],T 1 +T 2 +T 3 ＝1
wherein ,Ni Representing the total number of i-th transactions being processed in the server node, hop being the Hop count for measuring the distance between the load balancer and the server node, C 1 ,C 2 ,C 3 Respectively representing the processing speed of CPU, the size of memory and the throughput of network, T 1 ,T 2 ,T 3 Respectively represent CPU utilization P c Memory utilization P m And network bandwidth utilization P m Is a weight of (a).
Step 4: acquiring the running state of a server node, setting two threshold values Y and Y o Y represents a normal service threshold, Y o The overload threshold is represented, and the concrete formula of the computer server node load rate P is calculated as follows:
P＝T 1 *P c +T 2 *P m +T 3 *P n
T 1 +T 2 +T 3 ＝1，0＜T 1 ＜1，0＜T 2 ＜1，0＜T 3 ＜1，
and the computer server node is negatively chargedLoad ratios P and Y, Y o Comparing when P is lower than the overload threshold Y o When the server node informs the load balancing system, the running state of the server node is marked as a normal state, which indicates that the SIP request can be received; when P exceeds Y o When the load rate of the node is smaller than Y, the overload mark is cleared to update the node to the normal state, and the load balancing system is informed of the message that the node is recovered to the normal state, wherein the normal service threshold Y is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein ,Pi Refers to the load factor of the ith server node, and N represents the number of server nodes.
Step 5: and selecting the server node with the least load in the normal state to distribute the SIP request according to the running state of the server node and the calculated load L.
Preferably, the types of transactions include an INVITE transaction and a Non-INVITE transaction, the Non-INVITE transaction including REGISTER, BYE, CANCEL, OPTIONS, REFER, MESSAGE, SUBSCRIBE, INFO and UPDATE; the weight of the INVITE transaction is 1, and the weight of other Non-INVITE transactions is 0-1.
Preferably, said T 1 ,T 2 The value range of T3 is 0-1, the sum of weights is 1, and the weight priority is as follows: CPU (Central processing Unit)>Memory>Network bandwidth.
The load balancer is characterized by comprising a registration request forwarding module, a load balancer module, a heartbeat module, a node management module, a database module and a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) processing module.
The registration request forwarding module processes the registration request by using a specific server through separation processing of the registration request in the system, and forwards the registration request to the registration server for processing when the load balancer receives the REGISTER request sent by the client.
The load balancer module selects a server node with the least transaction amount to forward the request to the server node for processing according to a load balancing optimization algorithm based on the SIP transaction, wherein the load balancing algorithm comprises statistics of load amount and node selection according to the load amount.
The heartbeat module detects whether the running state of the server node in the system is faulty or not by using the SIP protocol and the operation message.
The node management module refers to the management of the SIP server node by the load balancer, and comprises the addition and deletion of the node and the maintenance of node information, wherein the node information mainly comprises the survival information and the load information of the node.
The database module is used for storing and maintaining information of the server nodes, including server node IDs, server node states and server node load statistical information.
The SIP processing module is used for completing the function of the SIP proxy server, when the message is forwarded, a Via header field is added to the message, and the Via header field uses the received and report fields to record the IP address and port of the SIP message passing through the SIP proxy, so that the response message can be transmitted according to the reverse direction of the request message.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention gives corresponding weight to different transactions according to the occupied resource condition of SIP transaction types, and simultaneously considers the different hardware factors (such as CPU, memory and the like) and network performance (such as response time) between server nodes, so that the load capacity of the server nodes can be more accurately reflected; in consideration of the problem of overload control, the utilization rates of three load factors of a CPU, a memory and a network are adopted to dynamically reflect the load rate of the server node in real time, and the load rate of the calculation node is compared with two threshold values by setting the two threshold values, so that the network load can be reduced to a certain extent, and the processing performance of the server node is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a load balancer according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a working model of a load balancing optimization algorithm based on SIP transactions according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a failure of a heartbeat detection server node in the SIP transaction based load balancing optimization algorithm of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an overload protection flow chart of the load balancing optimization algorithm based on SIP transaction of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an experimental structural diagram of a built simple SIP server cluster system.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of the system throughput of different weight ratio transactions of the SIP transaction based load balancing optimization algorithm of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a system throughput scenario of the SIP transaction based load balancing optimization algorithm of the present invention and other algorithms.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The performance monitoring and load balancing method based on the SIP signaling server cluster is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: assigning weights to different types of transactions, and sending a request to a server by a client, wherein each server node acquires all the transactions on the server and assigns weights lambda to the transactions i Where i represents the type of transaction being processed by the server, λ i The value is in the range of 0 to 1; types of transactions include INVITE transactions and Non-INVITE transactions, including REGISTER, BYE, CANCEL, OPTIONS, REFER, MESSAGE, SUBSCRIBE, INFO and UPDATE; the weight of the INVITE transaction is 1, whichThe weight of the Non-INVITE transaction is 0-1.
Step 2: and acquiring a time period for a load balancer to forward a request to a receiving server node to respond 200OK, distributing weights mu to different response times, selecting the latest N pieces of response time data to perform weighted average calculation, wherein the latest weight is N, secondly N-1, sequentially pushing backwards, and the oldest is 1.
Step 3: calculating the load L of the server, and obtaining a transaction weight lambda according to the step 1 and the step 2 i And calculating the load L of the server according to the response time weight mu, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
C j ＝[C 1 ,C 1 ,C 3 ]
T j ＝[T 1 ,T 2 ,T 3 ],T 1 +T 2 +T 3 ＝1
wherein ,Ni Representing the total number of i-th transactions being processed in the server node, hop being the Hop count for measuring the distance between the load balancer and the server node, C 1 ,C 2 ,C 3 Respectively representing the processing speed of CPU, the size of memory and the throughput of network, T 1 ,T 2 ,T 3 Respectively represent CPU utilization P c Memory utilization P m And network bandwidth utilization P m Weight of (2); the T is 1 ,T 2 ,T 3 The value range is 0-1, the sum of weights is 1, and the weight priority is as follows: CPU (Central processing Unit)>Memory>Network bandwidth.
The CPU utilization calculation formula is as follows:
wherein ,Pc Representing the utilization rate of the CPU of the server, deltau representing the difference in user state over a period of time, deltas representing the system over a period of timeThe difference in statistics, Δm, represents the difference in CUP occupancy over a period of time.
The memory utilization rate calculation formula is as follows:
wherein ,Pm The utilization rate of the server memory is represented, the total memory is represented by the mentotal, the free memory is represented by the mentofree, and the difference of the CUP occupancy rate in a period of time is represented by the delta m.
The network bandwidth utilization calculation formula is as follows:
wherein ,Pn The method comprises the steps of representing the utilization rate of network bandwidth of a server, wherein DeltaR represents the difference value of receiving bandwidth between two nodes, deltaT represents the difference value of sending bandwidth between two nodes, deltat represents a time interval, and totalbandwidth represents network port bandwidth.
Step 4: acquiring the running state of a server node, setting two threshold values Y and Y o Y represents a normal service threshold, Y o The overload threshold is represented, and the concrete formula of the computer server node load rate P is calculated as follows:
P＝T 1 *P c +T 2 *P m +T 3 *P n
T 1 +T 2 +T 3 ＝1，0＜T 1 ＜1，0＜T 2 ＜1，0＜T 3 ＜1，
and load rates P and Y, Y of computer server nodes o Comparing when P is lower than the overload threshold Y o When the server node informs the load balancing system, the running state of the server node is marked as a normal state, which indicates that the SIP request can be received; when P exceeds Y o When the node load rate is less than Y, the overload mark is not clearedAnd recording a message for updating the service threshold value Y into a normal state and notifying the load balancing system of restoring the normal service threshold value Y, wherein the calculation formula of the normal service threshold value Y is as follows:
wherein ,Pi Refers to the load factor of the ith server node, and N represents the number of server nodes.
Step 5: and selecting the server node with the least load in the normal state to distribute the SIP request according to the running state of the server node and the calculated load L.
The invention also includes a load balancer as shown in fig. 1:
registration request forwarding module: the registration request forwarding module is used for separating the registration servers. The registration request is processed by a specific server through separation processing of the registration request in the system, and when the load balancer receives the REGISTER request sent by the client, the REGISTER request is forwarded to the registration server for processing.
Load balancer module: the module selects a server node with the least transaction amount to forward the request to the server node for processing based on a load balancing optimization algorithm of the SIP transaction. The load balancing function mainly realizes the work of two aspects: and counting the load and selecting the nodes according to the load. As shown in fig. 2. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: for statistics of the load amount, a database is first required to record information of the server node. The structural design of the load information statistics table load is shown in table 1. Wherein uri records the IP address information of the node, status marks the running state of the server node, 0 indicates that the server is in a downtime state, and 1 indicates that the server is in a normal state. waiting_node indicates whether it is a server node waiting to be enabled, 0 indicates that the node is an extended node that has joined the system, and 1 indicates that the node is an extended node waiting to join the system. The invite_num, non-invite_num represent the number of INVITE and Non-INVITE transactions, respectively, that the node is running. t_load is used to record server load. dialog_num represents the number of conversations being processed by the server. Moniter is used to record whether monitoring is taking place, last_update indicating update time.
Table 1 server load information statistics table
| name | type | size | null | key |
| id | int | 10 | no | primary |
| node_name | string | 255 | no | |
| uri | string | 255 | no | |
| status | int | 4 | no | |
| waiting_node | int | 4 | no | |
| invite_num | int | 20 | no | |
| non_invite_num | int | 20 | no | |
| t_load | float | 10,2 | no | |
| dialog_num | int | 20 | no | |
| moniter | int | 4 | no | |
| last_update | timestamp | notspecified | no |
And then, the load balancer node is utilized to count the load according to a formula and store the load in a database, and all requests of the user agent can be sent to the load balancer. When the proxy server forwards the message according to the SIP protocol, a Via header field is added to the message, and the Via header field uses the received and report fields to record the IP address and port of the SIP message passing through the SIP proxy. In this way, the response message may be delivered in the reverse direction of the request message. The request message passes through the load balancer, and the corresponding response message can ensure that the load balancer counts the information of the corresponding transaction number to complete the statistics of the load quantity.
Step 2: the load balancer needs to forward the request, and when receiving the request outside the dialogue, the load balancer creates a dialogue by using a create_dialog function through a dialog module by utilizing an improved load balancing method, then selects the node with the lowest load for forwarding, and simultaneously builds a mapping table with the dialogue and the selected node. When the request message in the subsequent dialogue arrives, the match_dialog function is utilized to judge the request in the dialogue, and then the mapping table is read, and the request is forwarded to the corresponding server node.
A heartbeat module: for detecting whether a failure has occurred in the operational state of a server node in the system. Implemented using SIP protocol and OPTIONS messages. The OPTIONS is used for the ability of one UA to query another UA or agent. The message may also be delivered by extending the OPTIONs message. The specific implementation is shown in fig. 3, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: constructing an OPTIONS message, and adding the information of the SIP server node into the message as a load field;
step 2: periodically sending heartbeat information to each server;
step 3: checking whether response information is received within a certain interval, if the response information of 200OK is received, indicating that the node is in a normal state, and analyzing a load field in the message by a load balancer to obtain load information of a corresponding server node; if no response message is received, the OPTIONS message is retransmitted, whether the response message is received is checked again, if the response message is received, the operation state of the server node is indicated to be normal, the load field is analyzed to acquire the load information, and if the response message is not received, the server node is indicated to be invalid.
And the node management module: the node management refers to the management of the SIP server nodes by a load balancer, comprises the addition and deletion of the nodes and the maintenance of node information, wherein the node information mainly comprises survival information and load information of the nodes. Global node information, the data structure of which includes node ID, node status and node load. The heartbeat time interval is set to be 5 seconds, and is used for judging whether the SIP server node survives and updating the node state information in real time, and the heartbeat is a standard SIP options message without carrying load information. For maintenance of the load information, the heartbeat time interval is set to 30 seconds, and the sip options message needs to be extended. When a node is added, reporting and registering relevant information of the node to a load balancer in a heartbeat mode, and starting to execute a heartbeat flow by the load balancer after success; when the node exits, the load balancer deletes the node information from the global node information table due to the broken heartbeat. In this way, nodes can be dynamically increased and decreased, and the expansion capability and stability of the system are improved to a certain extent.
A database module: information for storing and maintaining server nodes, including server node IDs, server node status, and server node load statistics.
The SIP processing module: the function used for the SIP proxy server adds a Via header field in the message when forwarding the message, and records the IP address and port of the SIP message passing through the SIP proxy by using the received and report fields in the Via header field. In this way, the response message may be delivered in the reverse direction of the request message.
In order to verify the efficiency and feasibility of the algorithm, the invention simulates a client to initiate a call by using a SIPp test tool, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the server software and hardware used for the test is configured to: the CPU of Intel (R) Xeon (R) [email protected] has a memory size of 8GB, a hard disk size of 200GB, a network card model of RealTek PCI-E gigabit network card, an operating system of Ubuntu 16.04, an open source SIP server OpenSIPS and an open source testing tool SIPp.
In fig. 5, in order to test the performance of the algorithm, a simple SIP server cluster system is built herein, and specific embodiments are as follows:
example 1: weights lambda for different transactions i Is tested by (a)
According to formula (6) vs lambda i Is tested using 3 SIP server nodes, is tested using the simplest SIP call, contains only INVITE and BYE transactions, and for ease of measurement will beRepresenting the overall performance of a single node, is set to a uniform value of 1. The weight ratio between INVITE and BYE transactions can be split into 1.75 and 2 for testing, abbreviated as TWL-2 and TWL-1.75, with the test results shown in fig. 6.
From the test results, it can be seen that the throughput is significantly improved when the weight ratio between the INVITE transaction and the BYE transaction is 1.75, compared to the weight ratio of 2.
Example 2: throughput comparison for different load balancing algorithms
The experiment uses a fixed structure of 3 SIP server nodes to respectively realize a round robin scheduling algorithm (RR), a Hash algorithm (Hash), a shortest response time algorithm (RWMA), a minimum SIP transaction amount algorithm (TN) and an improved load balancing algorithm taking the transaction as a measure for a load balancer, and then performs performance test on a system using different algorithms. The test results are shown in fig. 7.
From the test results, it can be seen that the improved load balancing manner measured by the transaction can improve the peak throughput of the system compared with other load balancing manners, and when the weight ratio between the INVITE transaction and the BYE transaction is 1.75, the throughput of the system reaches the maximum, and the performance of the server reaches the optimum.
The above two embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting it, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without exceeding the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The performance monitoring and load balancing method based on the SIP signaling server cluster is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: assigning weights to different types of transactions, wherein a client sends a request to a server, and each server node acquires all the transactions on the server and assigns weights to the transactionsWhere i represents the type of transaction being processed by the server,the value is in the range of 0-1;
step 2: acquiring load balancer forwarding requests to receive server node responses 200And assigning weights +.>Selecting the latest N pieces of response time data to perform weighted average calculation, wherein the latest weight is N, secondly N-1, and sequentially pushing backwards, and the oldest weight is 1;
step 3: calculating the load of the serverLTransaction weight obtained according to step 1 and step 2And response time weightCalculating the load of the serverLThe specific formula is as follows:
wherein ,the representation refers to the total number of i-th transactions being processed in the server node,Hopfor hops, for measuring the distance between the load balancer to the server node, +.>Respectively representing the processing speed of CPU, the size of memory and the throughput of network, +.>Respectively represent CPU utilization->Memory utilization->And network bandwidth utilization->Weight of (2);
step 4: acquiring the running state of a server node, and setting two threshold values、/>，/>Representing normal service threshold, ++>Representing overload threshold and calculating computer server node load ratePThe specific formula is as follows:
，/>，/>，/>，
and load rate of computer server nodePAnd (3) with、/>Comparing whenPBelow its overload threshold->When the server node informs the load balancing system, the running state of the server node is marked as a normal state, which indicates that the SIP request can be received; when (when)PExceed->When it is, then the normal service threshold needs to be calculated>And marking the server node as overloaded, stopping receiving requests until the node load factor is less than +.>The overload mark is cleared to update to a normal state, and the load balancing system is informed of the message that the load balancing system is recovered to be normal, wherein the normal service threshold value is +>The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein ,refers to the load factor of the i-th server node,Nrepresenting the number of server nodes;
step 5: according to the running state of the server node and the calculated load capacityLAnd selecting the server node with the least load quantity in the normal state to distribute the SIP request.
2. The method for performance monitoring and load balancing based on SIP signaling server cluster according to claim 1, wherein the types of transactions include INVITE transactions and Non-INVITE transactions, the Non-INVITE transactions including REGISTER, BYE, CANCEL, OPTIONS, REFER, MESSAGE, SUBSCRIBE, INFO and UPDATE; the weight of the INVITE transaction is 1, and the weight of other Non-INVITE transactions is 0-1.
3. The method for performance monitoring and load balancing based on SIP signaling server cluster according to claim 1, wherein the following steps are performedThe value range is 0-1, the sum of weights is 1, and the weight priority is as follows: CPU (Central processing Unit)>Memory>Network bandwidth.
4. A load balancer using the SIP signaling server cluster-based performance monitoring and load balancing method according to any of claims 1-3, characterized by comprising a registration request forwarding module, a load balancer module, a heartbeat module, a node management module, a database module, and a SIP processing module;
the REGISTER request forwarding module processes the REGISTER request by using a specific server through separating the REGISTER request in the system, and forwards the REGISTER request to the REGISTER server for processing when the load balancer receives the REGISTER request sent by the client;
the load balancer module selects a server node with the least transaction amount to forward the request to the server node for processing according to the performance monitoring and load balancing method based on the SIP signaling server cluster according to any one of claims 1-3, including statistics of load amount and selecting the node according to the load amount,
the heartbeat module detects whether the running state of a server node in the system is faulty or not by using the SIP protocol and the operation message;
the node management module refers to the management of the SIP server nodes by the load balancer, and comprises the addition and deletion of the nodes and the maintenance of node information, wherein the node information mainly comprises survival information and load information of the nodes;
the database module is used for storing and maintaining information of the server nodes, including server node IDs, server node states and server node load statistical information;
the SIP processing module is used for completing the function of the SIP proxy server, when the message is forwarded, a Via header field is added to the message, and the Via header field uses the received and report fields to record the IP address and port of the SIP message passing through the SIP proxy, so that the response message can be transmitted according to the reverse direction of the request message.
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