CN115242282B - 5G NR DOA estimation method and estimation system based on DMRS signals - Google Patents
5G NR DOA estimation method and estimation system based on DMRS signals Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 5G NR DOA estimation method based on a DMRS signal, which comprises the following steps: receiving an uplink signal by adopting a MIMO technology, and carrying out synchronous processing on the uplink signal according to a 5G standard communication protocol to acquire a synchronous frame head position, wherein the synchronous frame head position comprises synchronous information; acquiring an uplink DMRS reference signal according to the synchronization information and the DMRS signal resource information configured by an upper layer; and according to the uplink DMRS reference signal, measuring and calculating the DOA by adopting a forward and backward space smoothing algorithm. The anti-coherence property in DOA estimation of a single information source is improved, the estimation error is reduced, and the detection result is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 5G mobile communication and signal processing, and particularly relates to a 5G NR DOA estimation method and system based on a DMRS signal.
Background
The multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm divides the received signal into a signal subspace and a noise subspace, constructs a spatial spectrum by using orthogonality of the two subspaces, and obtains an angle of arrival (DOA) estimation result by searching spatial spectrum peaks. The forward-backward space smoothing MUSIC algorithm is an improved algorithm of a classical MUSIC algorithm, the anti-coherence property is realized by reducing the dimension of a signal matrix and reducing the correlation coefficient of the signal, the dimension reduction processing of the advanced matrix is performed, and then the arrival angle is estimated by spectral peak search.
In a 5G NR (5G new air interface) scene, based on 5G NR DOA estimation of a DMRS signal, a target is always a single information source, and as the uplink signal of a user has multipath interference, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired target signal is low as a third party receiving device, MIMO receiving is adopted, so that the small signal receiving performance is enhanced, and meanwhile, an improved forward and backward space smoothing MUSIC algorithm is adopted, so that the anti-coherence characteristic can be improved in DOA estimation of the single information source. In 5G NR, acquisition of the target user characteristic signal is difficult, and at the same time, there is multipath interference in the user uplink signal and signal interference from other users, which makes estimation based on the direction of arrival (DOA) of the user uplink characteristic signal difficult in 5G NR.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a 5G NR DOA estimation method and system based on a DMRS signal, and aims to solve the problem that the conventional MUSIC algorithm in the prior art is difficult to estimate in the 5G NR based on the direction of arrival (DOA) of a user uplink characteristic signal.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A5G NR DOA estimation method based on a DMRS signal comprises the following steps:
receiving an uplink signal by adopting a MIMO technology, and carrying out synchronous processing on the uplink signal according to a 5G standard communication protocol to obtain a synchronous frame head position, wherein the synchronous frame head position comprises synchronous information and parameter information;
acquiring an uplink DMRS reference signal according to the synchronization information and the DMRS signal resource information configured by an upper layer;
and according to the uplink reference signal DMRS, a forward and backward space smoothing algorithm is adopted to calculate the DOA.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
further, according to the synchronization information and DMRS signal resource information configured by an upper layer, an uplink DMRS reference signal is obtained, which specifically includes:
acquiring a synchronous position according to the synchronous information;
Acquiring the DMRS signal resource position according to the DMRS signal resource information configured by the upper layer;
and acquiring an uplink DMRS signal according to the synchronous position and the DMRS signal resource position.
Further, according to the uplink reference signal DMRS, a forward-backward spatial smoothing algorithm is adopted to calculate the direction of arrival DOA, which specifically includes:
establishing a forward-backward space smoothing algorithm;
The direction of arrival DOA is estimated according to a forward-backward spatial smoothing algorithm.
Further, the forward-backward space smoothing algorithm is established, specifically:
a forward spatial smoothing matrix is established and, Wherein: l represents the number of mutually overlapping subarrays divided by N array elements,/>Representing the uplink signal received by the ith sub-array,/>Representing the uplink signals received by all subarrays,/>Representation/>P represents the number of array elements of a single sub-array,/>Representing covariance matrix of ith subarray,/>Representing a forward spatial smoothing matrix; a backward-space smoothing matrix is established,Wherein: /(I)Representing a backward spatially smoothed matrix,/>Covariance matrix representing backward smoothed L-i+1 th array element received data to space smoothing matrix,/>Representing upstream signals received in reverse across all subarrays,/>Represents the reverse first/>Uplink signal received by sub-array,/>Representation ofIs a conjugate matrix of (a); a forward and backward space smoothing matrix is established to obtain a forward and backward space smoothing algorithm,Wherein: /(I)Representing the forward and backward spatial smoothing matrices. Further, estimating the direction of arrival DOA according to the forward-backward spatial smoothing algorithm, specifically: performing eigenvalue decomposition on the front-back space smoothing matrix,Wherein: /(I)Representing a diagonal matrix; estimating the number of the sources by using the minimum eigenvalue weight G,Wherein: /(I)The N characteristic values which are arranged from large to small in the diagonal matrix are represented, M represents the number of the characteristic values, the characteristic values of which are larger than the set threshold value, and G represents the number of the characteristic values, the characteristic values of which are smaller than the set threshold value; a represents the estimated number of sources;
dividing the matrix U after eigenvalue decomposition into signal subspaces according to the estimated information source quantity A And noise subspaceSignal subspace/>Consists of feature vectors corresponding to M larger feature values, and noise subspace/>The characteristic vector corresponding to the G smaller characteristic values is formed;
calculating MUSIC spatial spectrum, searching for common peak value, calculating incident angle, estimating DOA according to incident angle, Wherein: /(I)Representing the angle of incidence,/>Representing a matrix of directions of incidence,Transformation matrix representing incident direction matrix,/>Representing noise subspace/>Is used for the transformation matrix of the (a).
A5G NR DOA estimation system based on a DMRS signal includes,
The acquisition module acquires uplink signals of the target user and performs synchronous processing to acquire synchronous information;
the analysis module is used for acquiring an uplink DMRS reference signal of the target user according to the synchronization information and the DMRS signal resource information configured by the upper layer;
the modeling module is used for establishing a forward and backward space smoothing algorithm model;
and the calculation module is used for estimating the DOA according to the forward and backward space smoothing algorithm model.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
Compared with the prior art, the 5G NR DOA estimation method based on the DMRS signal adopts the MIMO technology to receive the uplink signal of the target user and carries out synchronous processing, reduces the multipath interference existing in signal transmission, and enhances the receiving performance of small signals; and the forward and backward space smoothing algorithm is adopted to estimate the DOA of the target user, compared with the traditional MUSIC algorithm, the improved forward and backward space smoothing algorithm reduces the occurrence of a plurality of spectrum peaks, improves the anti-coherence property in DOA estimation of a single information source, reduces the estimation error, and has more accurate detection result.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a 5G NR DOA estimation method based on DMRS signals according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 (a) is a graph of a comparison result of the DOA estimation error rate of the classical MUSIC algorithm and the forward-backward spatial smoothing algorithm in MATLAB simulation according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a graph of a comparison result of the DOA estimation mean square error of the classical MUSIC algorithm and the forward-backward spatial smoothing algorithm in MATLAB simulation according to the first embodiment of the present invention. "
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the coherence characteristics of the classical MUSIC algorithm and the forward-backward spatial smoothing algorithm according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 (a) is a graph of comparing the error rates of the DOA estimation in the actual test of the classical MUSIC algorithm and the forward-backward spatial smoothing algorithm provided by the first embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a graph of comparing the mean square errors of the DOA estimation in the actual test of the classical MUSIC algorithm and the forward-backward spatial smoothing algorithm provided by the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a module connection diagram according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a network side server according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to clarify the technical scheme and working principle of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that, on the premise of no conflict, new embodiments may be formed by any combination of the embodiments or technical features described below.
First embodiment
The invention provides a 5G NR DOA estimation method based on a DMRS signal, which is shown in figures 1-4, and comprises the following steps:
Step S1: and receiving the uplink signal by adopting the MIMO technology, and carrying out synchronous processing on the uplink signal according to a 5G standard communication protocol to acquire a synchronous frame head position, wherein the synchronous frame head position comprises synchronous information.
Step S2: and acquiring an uplink DMRS reference signal according to the synchronization information and the DMRS signal resource information configured by the upper layer.
Acquiring a synchronous position according to the synchronous information;
Acquiring the DMRS signal resource position according to the DMRS signal resource information configured by the upper layer;
and acquiring an uplink DMRS signal according to the synchronous position and the DMRS signal resource position.
Step S3: and according to the uplink DMRS reference signal, measuring and calculating the DOA by adopting a forward and backward space smoothing algorithm.
S31: establishing a forward-backward space smoothing algorithm;
S311: a forward spatial smoothing matrix is established and, Wherein: l represents the number of mutually overlapping subarrays divided by N array elements,/>Represents the i/>Uplink signal received by sub-array,/>Representing the uplink signals received by all subarrays,/>Representation/>P represents the number of array elements per sub-array,/>Represents the i/>Covariance matrix of subarray,/>Representing the forward spatial smoothing matrix. S512: a backward-space smoothing matrix is established,Wherein: /(I)Representing a backward spatially smoothed matrix,/>Covariance matrix representing backward smoothed L-i+1 th array element received data to space smoothing matrix,/>Representing upstream signals received in reverse across all subarrays,/>Represents the reverse first/>Uplink signal received by sub-array,/>Representation ofIs a conjugate matrix of (a);
s513: establishing a forward and backward space smoothing calculation matrix to obtain a forward and backward space smoothing algorithm, Wherein: /(I)Representing the forward and backward spatial smoothing matrices.
S52: and estimating the DOA according to the forward and backward space smoothing algorithm model.
S521: performing eigenvalue decomposition on the front-back space smoothing calculation matrix,Wherein: /(I)Representing a diagonal matrix;
S522: estimating the number of the sources by using the minimum eigenvalue weight G, Wherein: /(I)The N characteristic values which are arranged from large to small in the diagonal matrix are represented, M represents the number of the characteristic values, the characteristic values of which are larger than the set threshold value, and G represents the number of the characteristic values, the characteristic values of which are smaller than the set threshold value; a represents the estimated number of sources;
s523: dividing the matrix U after eigenvalue decomposition into signal subspaces according to the estimated information source quantity A And noise subspace/>Signal subspace/>Consists of feature vectors corresponding to M larger feature values, and noise subspace/>The characteristic vector corresponding to the G smaller characteristic values is formed;
S524: calculating MUSIC spatial spectrum, searching for common peak value, calculating incident angle, estimating DOA according to incident angle, Wherein: /(I)Representing the angle of incidence,/>Representing a matrix of directions of incidence,Transformation matrix representing incident direction matrix,/>Representing noise subspace/>Is used for the transformation matrix of the (a).
And adopting MATLAB simulation to verify a forward-backward space smoothing algorithm:
and transmitting the uplink signal by adopting a single information source, and receiving the uplink signal by adopting multiple antennas.
The source incidence angle is set to be minus 30 degrees, the signal-to-noise ratio is changed to be 0dB, 10dB and 20dB respectively, the DOA value estimation result is obtained by searching the position of the spatial spectrum peak value, and the result shows that the DOA estimation can be realized by both algorithms, the accuracy of the classical MUSIC algorithm is lost along with the reduction of the signal-to-noise ratio, and the forward-backward spatial smoothing algorithm established by the scheme is higher than that of the classical MUSIC algorithm, the spatial spectrum is sharper, and the resolution is better.
As shown in fig. 2, in a MATLAB simulation environment, setting the incident angle of the signal source to-30 degrees, changing the signal-to-noise ratio, analyzing the error rate and the estimated Mean Square Error (MSE) of the classical MUSIC algorithm and the forward-backward spatial smoothing algorithm established by the scheme, assuming that the angle misjudgment appears when the estimated angle differs from the actual angle by more than 15 degrees, the DOA estimation error rate of the classical MUSIC algorithm is larger at low signal-to-noise ratio, and as the signal-to-noise ratio is reduced, the DOA estimation error is increased, and the performance is greatly affected; the forward and backward space smoothing algorithm does not have the misjudgment of angle estimation, and has better estimation precision when the signal-to-noise ratio is low.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
In the practical test, a 5G target terminal mobile phone is used for sending a 5G signal, and a radio platform (SDR) is used for data acquisition and analysis.
In the actual test, under the condition of multipath interference in non-line-of-sight transmission, the included angle between the fixed target terminal and the receiving equipment is set to be-30 degrees, and the algorithm function and the anti-coherence property are tested under the condition that the receiving signal-to-noise ratio is 10 dB.
As shown in fig. 3, 1 represents a classical MUSIC algorithm, 2 represents a forward-backward spatial smoothing algorithm, when multipath interference exists, the classical MUSIC algorithm has a plurality of spectrum peaks, and the highest peak is a main DOA estimation result, so that the estimation deviation is larger; the forward and backward space smoothing algorithm only has a single sharp spectrum peak, has obvious anti-coherence property, and has smaller DOA estimation deviation and better performance.
In an actual test, during line-of-sight transmission, an included angle between a fixed 5G target terminal and receiving equipment is set to be minus 30 degrees, the distance between the target terminal and the receiving equipment is changed, DOA estimation Mean Square Error (MSE) of two algorithms is compared under different signal to noise ratios, corresponding angle estimation error rates are counted, and actual measurement performance of the algorithms is verified.
As shown in fig. 4, in the 5G NR scenario, both algorithms have angle estimation error conditions, and due to multipath interference and other user signal interference existing in practical application, error rate and estimation error increase, when signal-to-noise ratio is low, influence is larger, but forward and backward spatial smoothing algorithm has lower error rate and estimation error, and actual measurement performance is obviously better than that of classical MUSIC algorithm.
The above steps of the methods are divided, for clarity of description, and may be combined into one step or split into multiple steps when implemented, so long as they include the same logic relationship, and they are all within the protection scope of this patent; it is within the scope of this patent to add insignificant modifications to the algorithm or flow or introduce insignificant designs, but not to alter the core design of its algorithm and flow.
Second embodiment:
as shown in fig. 5, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a 5G NR DOA assay system based on DMRS signals, comprising,
The acquisition module 201 acquires uplink signals of a target user, and performs synchronous processing to acquire synchronous information;
the analysis module 202 acquires an uplink DMRS reference signal of the target user according to the synchronization information and the DMRS signal resource information configured by the upper layer;
The modeling module 203 establishes a forward-backward space smoothing algorithm model;
the calculation module 204 estimates the direction of arrival DOA according to the forward-backward spatial smoothing algorithm model.
It is to be noted that this embodiment is a system example corresponding to the first embodiment, and can be implemented in cooperation with the first embodiment. The related technical details mentioned in the first embodiment are still valid in this embodiment, and in order to reduce repetition, a detailed description is omitted here. Accordingly, the related art details mentioned in the present embodiment can also be applied to the first embodiment.
It should be noted that each module in this embodiment is a logic module, and in practical application, one logic unit may be one physical unit, or may be a part of one physical unit, or may be implemented by a combination of multiple physical units. In addition, in order to highlight the innovative part of the present invention, units that are not so close to solving the technical problem presented by the present invention are not introduced in the present embodiment, but this does not indicate that other units are not present in the present embodiment.
Third embodiment:
As shown in fig. 6, a third embodiment of the present invention provides a network-side server, including: at least one processor 301; and a memory 302 communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; the memory 302 stores instructions executable by the at least one processor 301, where the instructions are executed by the at least one processor 301 to enable the at least one processor 301 to perform the above-described 5G-oriented MIMO positioning and direction finding method.
Where the memory 301 and the processor 301 are connected by a bus, the bus may comprise any number of interconnected buses and bridges, the buses connecting the various circuits of the one or more processors 301 and the memory 301 together. The bus may also connect various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further herein. The bus interface provides an interface between the bus and the transceiver. The transceiver may be one element or may be a plurality of elements, such as a plurality of receivers and transmitters, providing a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium. The data processed by the processor 301 is transmitted over a wireless medium via an antenna, which further receives the data and transmits the data to the processor 301.
The processor 301 is responsible for managing the bus and general processing and may also provide various functions including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. And the memory 301 may be used to store data used by the processor 301 in performing operations.
The foregoing is merely an embodiment of the present application, and a specific structure and characteristics of common knowledge in the art, which are well known in the scheme, are not described herein, so that a person of ordinary skill in the art knows all the prior art in the application date or before the priority date, can know all the prior art in the field, and has the capability of applying the conventional experimental means before the date, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can complete and implement the present embodiment in combination with his own capability in the light of the present application, and some typical known structures or known methods should not be an obstacle for a person of ordinary skill in the art to implement the present application. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present application, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present application, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present application and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application is subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. The 5G NR DOA estimation method based on the DMRS signal is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Receiving an uplink signal by adopting a MIMO technology, and carrying out synchronous processing on the uplink signal according to a 5G standard communication protocol to acquire a synchronous frame head position, wherein the synchronous frame head position comprises synchronous information;
acquiring an uplink DMRS reference signal according to the synchronization information and the DMRS signal resource information configured by an upper layer;
According to the uplink DMRS reference signal, a forward-backward space smoothing algorithm is adopted to calculate the DOA, and the DOA is specifically as follows:
establishing a forward-backward space smoothing algorithm;
a forward spatial smoothing matrix is established and,
Wherein: l represents the number of mutually overlapping subarrays divided by N array elements,/>Representing the uplink signal received by the ith sub-array,/>Representing the forward received uplink signal of all subarrays,/>Representation/>P represents the number of array elements of a single sub-array,/>Representing covariance matrix of ith subarray,/>Representing a forward spatial smoothing matrix; a backward-space smoothing matrix is established,Wherein: /(I)Representing a backward spatially smoothed matrix,/>Covariance matrix representing backward smoothed L-i+1 th array element received data to space smoothing matrix,/>Representing upstream signals received in reverse across all subarrays,/>Represents the reverse first/>Uplink signal received by sub-array,/>A conjugate matrix of the representation;
a forward and backward space smoothing matrix is established to obtain a forward and backward space smoothing algorithm, Wherein: /(I)Representing forward and backward spatial smoothing matrices
Estimating DOA according to a forward-backward space smoothing algorithm;
performing eigenvalue decomposition on the front-back space smoothing matrix, Wherein: /(I)Representing a diagonal matrix;
estimating the number of the sources by using the minimum eigenvalue weight G, Wherein: /(I)The N characteristic values which are arranged from large to small in the diagonal matrix are represented, M represents the number of the characteristic values, the characteristic values of which are larger than the set threshold value, and G represents the number of the characteristic values, the characteristic values of which are smaller than the set threshold value; a represents the estimated number of sources;
Dividing the matrix U after eigenvalue decomposition into signal subspaces according to the estimated information source quantity A And noise subspace/>Signal subspace/>Consists of feature vectors corresponding to M larger feature values, and noise subspace/>The characteristic vector corresponding to the G smaller characteristic values is formed;
calculating MUSIC spatial spectrum, searching for common peak value, calculating incident angle, estimating DOA according to incident angle, Wherein: /(I)Representing the angle of incidence,/>Representing a matrix of directions of incidence,Transformation matrix representing incident direction matrix,/>Representing noise subspace/>Is used for the transformation matrix of the (a).
2. The method for estimating 5G NR DOA based on DMRS signal according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining an uplink DMRS reference signal according to the synchronization information and DMRS signal resource information configured by an upper layer specifically includes:
acquiring a synchronous position according to the synchronous information;
Acquiring the DMRS signal resource position according to the DMRS signal resource information configured by the upper layer;
and acquiring an uplink DMRS signal according to the synchronous position and the DMRS signal resource position.
3. A 5G NR DOA estimation system according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized by a DMRS signal based 5G NR DOA estimation method: comprising the steps of (a) a step of,
The acquisition module acquires uplink signals of the target user and performs synchronous processing to acquire synchronous information;
the analysis module is used for acquiring an uplink DMRS reference signal of the target user according to the synchronization information and the DMRS signal resource information configured by the upper layer;
the modeling module is used for establishing a forward and backward space smoothing algorithm model;
and the calculation module is used for estimating the DOA according to the forward and backward space smoothing algorithm model.
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