CN115235629A - Hyper-spectral resolution imaging system and design method thereof - Google Patents
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention provides a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system and a design method thereof, wherein the imaging system comprises: the system comprises a light source system, a narrow-band polychromatic light forming system, a dispersion system and a detector system; the light source system is used for emitting broadband polychromatic light beams, the broadband polychromatic light beams are subjected to chromatic dispersion after passing through the first planar grating to obtain a broadband spectrum, and the central wavelength lambda of the broadband is selected; the broadband spectrum is converged by the second positive lens and then enters the electric slit, and the electric slit is used for gating the spectrum band within the range of the central wavelength lambda +/-5 nm again to obtain a narrow-band spectrum; the narrow-band spectrum is collimated by the third positive lens and then enters the second planar grating, and the second planar grating is used for synthesizing the narrow-band spectrum into a narrow-band polychromatic light beam; the narrow-band polychromatic light beam is subjected to dispersive light beam generation by the dispersive system and then is incident into the detector system to obtain a hyperspectral image. The invention realizes pm-level spectral resolution imaging on the premise of ensuring a wide waveband.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spectral equipment, in particular to a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system and a design method thereof.
Background
The imaging spectrometer is an effective quantitative detection tool, and can simultaneously acquire three-dimensional cube data of a detected target through high spatial resolution and high spectral resolution, so that the imaging spectrometer is widely applied in the fields of mapping remote sensing, target identification, environment monitoring and evaluation, clinical image diagnosis, process monitoring and the like. The hyperspectral imaging technology can be used for establishing an accurate hyperspectral database in biomedicine; applications in the military sector include military target detection in complex ground backgrounds, battlefield biochemical warfare agent and ammunition depot detection, ammunition damage effect assessment, and missile defense systems.
Prior art trws-3 includes two electrical boxes and a sensor that contains a pair of grating spectrometers with their boresights parallel to each other. The wave band range of a visible light/near infrared (vnir) spectrometer is 400 nm-1000 nm, and the wave band range of a short wave infrared (swir) spectrometer is 900 nm-2500 nm. Each spectrometer contains a set of refractive pre-optics that image the scene to a slit. Light passing through the slit is dispersed by a plane grating in a direction perpendicular to the slit, and then imaged on a two-dimensional focal plane array. The array along the direction of the slit provides spatial scene information and the array in the other direction (the direction of the array along which the slit light is dispersed) provides spectral information. However, the prior art cannot realize the broadband detection and complete the hyperspectral resolution imaging at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system and a design method thereof, which can achieve extremely strong resolution capability for a substance by narrowing a sampled spectral band sufficiently to resolve a narrow characteristic peak of the substance, have a sufficient number of spectral bands and the bands are adjacent to each other as much as possible, and have a certain broad spectral range to achieve the integrity of a spectral line.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the invention provides a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system, comprising: the system comprises a light source system, a narrow-band polychromatic light forming system, a dispersion system and a detector system; the narrow-band polychromatic beam forming system comprises: the device comprises a first plane grating, a second positive lens, an electric slit, a third positive lens and a second plane grating;
the light source system is used for emitting broadband polychromatic light beams, the broadband polychromatic light beams are subjected to chromatic dispersion after passing through the first planar grating to obtain a broadband spectrum, and the central wavelength lambda of the broadband is selected;
the broadband spectrum is converged by the second positive lens and then enters the electric slit, and the electric slit is used for gating the spectrum band within the range of the central wavelength lambda +/-5 nm again to obtain a narrow-band spectrum;
the narrow-band spectrum is collimated by the third positive lens and then enters the second planar grating, and the second planar grating is used for synthesizing the narrow-band spectrum into a narrow-band polychromatic light beam;
the narrow-band polychromatic light beam is subjected to dispersive light beam generation by the dispersive system and then is incident into the detector system to obtain a hyperspectral image.
Preferably, the light source system comprises: a light source, an entrance slit and a first positive lens;
the light source adopts a broadband high-power halogen light source, a broadband polychromatic light beam emitted by the light source enters the first positive lens after passing through the entrance slit, and enters the narrow-band polychromatic light forming system after being refracted by the first positive lens.
Preferably, the dispersive system comprises: a turning mirror, a collimating mirror and a echelle grating;
the narrow-band polychromatic light is reflected by the folding mirror and then enters the echelle grating after being collimated by the collimating mirror;
the narrow-band polychromatic light is subjected to narrow-band dispersion through the echelle grating to form a dispersed light beam and then is incident to the imaging system.
Preferably, the imaging system comprises: an imaging mirror and a detector;
the dispersed light beams are converged by the imaging lens and then are incident to the detector to obtain a hyperspectral image.
Preferably, the detector is an imperx area array CMOS.
The invention also provides a design method of the hyper-spectral resolution imaging system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, a broadband polychromatic light beam emitted by a light source is incident to a first positive lens through an incident slit, and is incident to a first plane grating after being collimated by the first positive lens;
s2, dispersing the broadband polychromatic light beam in the first planar grating to obtain a broadband spectrum, and selecting a central wavelength lambda to be measured of the broadband spectrum;
s3, the broad-band spectrum is converged by a second positive lens and then enters an electric slit, and a narrow-band spectrum with the central wavelength to be measured within lambda +/-5 nm is selected to pass through;
s4, the narrow-band spectrum is collimated by a third positive lens and then enters a second planar grating, and the second planar grating combines the narrow-band spectrum into a narrow-band polychromatic light beam;
s5, the narrow-band polychromatic light beams enter the echelle grating after being reflected by the turning mirror and collimated by the collimating mirror in sequence, and the narrow-band polychromatic light beams are subjected to chromatic dispersion through the echelle grating to obtain dispersed light beams;
and S6, obtaining a hyperspectral image in the detector after the dispersed light beams are refracted by the imaging mirror.
Preferably, by selecting different central wavelengths in step S2 and different narrow-band spectra in step S3, and repeating steps S2-S6, broadband hyperspectral imaging in the wavelength range of 400-2500nm is finally realized in sequence.
Compared with the prior art, the sampling spectral band is narrow enough to distinguish the narrow characteristic peak of the substance, the substance distinguishing capability is extremely strong, the sufficient number of spectral bands are provided, the bands are adjacent to each other as much as possible, and the spectral range is wider to realize the integrity of the spectral graph. The invention realizes pm-level spectral resolution imaging on the premise of ensuring a wide waveband.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a plane grating of a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an echelle grating of a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a design method of a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an imaging flowchart of a design method of a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic optical path diagram of a design method of a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a chromatic dispersion subtraction according to a design method of a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals include: the device comprises an incident slit 1, a first positive lens 2, a first plane grating 3, a second positive lens 4, an electric slit 5, a third positive lens 6, a second plane grating 7, a turning mirror 8, a collimating mirror 9, an echelle grating 10, an imaging mirror 11 and a detector 12.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, the same reference numerals are used for the same blocks. In the case of the same reference numerals, their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a structure of a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the hyperspectral resolution imaging system provided by the embodiment of the invention includes: the system comprises a light source system, a narrow-band polychromatic light forming system, a dispersion system and a detector system.
The light source system includes a light source, an entrance slit 1, and a first positive lens 2. The light source adopts a broadband high-power halogen light source, a broadband polychromatic light beam emitted by the light source enters the first positive lens 2 after passing through the entrance slit 1, and enters the narrow-band polychromatic light forming system after being refracted by the first positive lens 2.
The narrow-band polychromatic light forming system includes: the device comprises a first plane grating 3, a second positive lens 4, an electric slit 5, a third positive lens 6 and a second plane grating 7.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a plane grating of a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a first planar grating 3 and a second planar grating 7 according to the present invention; the first planar grating 3 and the second planar grating 7 have the same structure.
The broadband polychromatic light beam is subjected to dispersion after passing through the first planar grating 3 to form a two-dimensional monochromatic image of the entrance slit 1, so that a broadband spectrum is obtained, and the to-be-detected central wavelength lambda of the broadband spectrum is selected.
The broadband spectrum is incident to the electric slit 5 after being converged by the second positive lens 4, and the electric slit 5 is used for selecting the spectrum band again within the range of the central wavelength lambda +/-5 nm of the broadband spectrum to obtain the narrow-band spectrum.
The narrow-band spectrum is collimated by the third positive lens 6 and then enters the second plane grating 7. The second plane grating 7 is used for synthesizing the narrow-band spectrum into a narrow-band polychromatic light beam.
The narrow-band polychromatic beam is incident into a dispersive system.
The dispersion system includes: a turning mirror 8, a collimating mirror 9 and a echelle grating 10.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of an echelle grating of a hyperspectral resolution imaging system provided by an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 3, the echelle grating 10 operates at a higher blaze level by using a smaller linear density and a larger blaze angle, and a free spectral range of each level is narrower, so that the problems such as spectrum aliasing and the like are avoided by changing the broadband polychromatic light into the narrowband polychromatic light and then performing dispersion through the echelle grating 10.
The narrow-band polychromatic light beams are reflected by the turning mirror 8 and collimated by the collimating mirror 9, and then enter the echelle grating 10. The narrow-band polychromatic light beam is subjected to narrow-band dispersion by the echelle grating 10 to form a dispersed light beam and then is incident into the imaging system.
The imaging system includes: an imaging mirror 11 and a detector 12.
The dispersed light beams are converged by the imaging lens 11 and then are incident into the detector 12, so that a hyperspectral image is obtained. The detector 12 is an imperx area array CMOS.
Fig. 4 shows a flow chart of a design method of a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows an imaging flowchart of a design method of a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic optical path diagram illustrating a design method of a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the method for designing a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, a broadband polychromatic light beam emitted by a light source enters a first positive lens through an entrance slit, and enters a first plane grating after being collimated by the first positive lens.
S2, the broadband polychromatic light beams are subjected to dispersion in the first planar grating and are converted into broadband spectrums, and the central wavelength lambda to be measured of the broadband spectrums is selected.
And S3, the broad-band spectrum is converged by a second positive lens and then enters the electric slit, and the narrow-band spectrum with the central wavelength to be measured within lambda +/-5 nm is selected to pass through.
And S4, the narrow-band spectrum is collimated by the third positive lens and then enters the second planar grating, and the second planar grating combines the narrow-band spectrum into a narrow-band polychromatic light beam.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a chromatic dispersion subtraction of a design method of a hyper-spectral resolution imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 7, the process of dispersion subtraction is performed by the first planar grating, the second positive lens, the third positive lens and the motorized slit. The diffraction order conjugation and the optical path reversibility of the first planar grating and the second planar grating can change the broadband polychromatic light beam into the narrow-band polychromatic light beam.
And S5, the narrow-band polychromatic light beams are reflected by the turning mirror and collimated by the collimating mirror in sequence and then enter the echelle grating, and the narrow-band polychromatic light beams are subjected to chromatic dispersion by the echelle grating to obtain the chromatic dispersion light beams.
And S6, obtaining a hyperspectral image in the detector after the dispersed light beams are refracted by the imaging mirror.
S7, selecting different central wavelengths in the step S2 and different narrow-band spectrums in the step S3, repeating the steps S2-S6, simultaneously switching the echelle gratings in different free spectral regions, and finally sequentially realizing the broadband ultra-spectrum imaging in the wavelength range of 400-2500 nm.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
The above embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A hyperspectral resolution imaging system, comprising: the system comprises a light source system, a narrow-band polychromatic light forming system, a dispersion system and a detector system; the narrow-band polychromatic beam-forming system comprises: the device comprises a first plane grating, a second positive lens, an electric slit, a third positive lens and a second plane grating;
the light source system is used for emitting broadband polychromatic light beams, obtaining broadband spectrums by chromatic dispersion after passing through the first planar grating, and selecting the central wavelength lambda of the broadband;
the broadband spectrum is converged by the second positive lens and then enters the electric slit, and the electric slit is used for gating the spectrum band within the range of the central wavelength lambda +/-5 nm again to obtain a narrow-band spectrum;
the narrow-band spectrum is collimated by the third positive lens and then enters the second planar grating, and the second planar grating is used for synthesizing the narrow-band spectrum into a narrow-band polychromatic light beam;
and the narrow-band polychromatic light beam is subjected to dispersive light beam generation by the dispersive system and then enters the detector system to obtain a hyperspectral image.
2. The hyperspectral resolution imaging system of claim 1, wherein the light source system comprises: a light source, an entrance slit and a first positive lens;
the light source adopts a broadband high-power halogen light source, broadband polychromatic light beams emitted by the light source enter the first positive lens after passing through the entrance slit and enter the narrow-band polychromatic light forming system after being refracted by the first positive lens.
3. The hyperspectral resolution imaging system of claim 2, wherein the dispersive system comprises: a turning mirror, a collimating mirror and a echelle grating;
the narrow-band polychromatic light is reflected by the turning mirror and collimated by the collimating mirror and then enters the echelle grating;
the narrow-band polychromatic light is subjected to narrow-band dispersion through the echelle grating to form a dispersed light beam and then enters the imaging system.
4. The hyperspectral resolution imaging system of claim 3, wherein the imaging system comprises: an imaging mirror and a detector;
and the dispersed light beams are converged by the imaging lens and then are incident to the detector to obtain a hyperspectral image.
5. The hyperspectral resolution imaging system of claim 4, wherein the detector is an imperx area array CMOS.
6. A method of designing a hyperspectral resolution imaging system according to claim 5, comprising the steps of:
s1, broadband polychromatic light beams emitted by the light source are incident to the first positive lens through the incident slit, and are incident to the first plane grating after being collimated by the first positive lens;
s2, the broadband polychromatic light beams are subjected to dispersion in the first planar grating and are converted into broadband spectrums, and the central wavelength lambda to be measured of the broadband spectrums is selected;
s3, the wide-band spectrum is converged by the second positive lens and then enters the electric slit, and the narrow-band spectrum within the lambda +/-5 nm of the central wavelength to be measured is selected to pass through;
s4, the narrow-band spectrum is collimated by the third positive lens and then enters the second planar grating, and the second planar grating combines the narrow-band spectrum into a narrow-band polychromatic light beam;
s5, the narrow-band polychromatic light beams are reflected by the turning mirror and collimated by the collimating mirror in sequence and then enter the echelle grating, and the narrow-band polychromatic light beams are subjected to chromatic dispersion through the echelle grating to obtain chromatic dispersion light beams;
and S6, the dispersed light beams are refracted by the imaging mirror and then the hyperspectral image is obtained in the detector.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the step S2-S6 is repeated by selecting different central wavelengths in the step S2 and different narrow-band spectra in the step S3, so as to sequentially realize broadband hyperspectral imaging in the wavelength range of 400-2500 nm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116625508A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-08-22 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Multi-target hyperspectral detection system based on optical fiber array |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116625508A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-08-22 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Multi-target hyperspectral detection system based on optical fiber array |
| CN116625508B (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-10-20 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Multi-target hyperspectral detection system based on optical fiber array |
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