CN115235367A - 一种大应变测量范围的高精度双频光频域反射仪 - Google Patents
一种大应变测量范围的高精度双频光频域反射仪 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种大应变测量范围的高精度双频光频域反射仪,包括:光调制模块,用于将连续光合束,并将双频连续光调制为扫频连续光;光干涉模块,用于将待测光纤发出的后向散射光与扫频连续光进行干涉,并可调整后向散射光的偏振态,得到干涉光;光电转换模块,用于将所述干涉光转换为电信号;采集与处理模块,与光电转换模块连接,用于采集数据,对数据进行分析与处理。本双频光频域反射仪利用两个频率光波的相位差进行应变测量,解决了扫频重复频率和施加应变振动频率不变的情况下,单频光***可测的最大动态应变受到光频率限制的问题,并且保持了高精度测量。
Description
技术领域
本专利属于光纤传感领域,具体是一种大应变测量范围的高精度双频光频域反射仪。
背景技术
分布式光纤传感技术具有抗电磁干扰、灵敏度高和易于实施等优势,已经广泛应用于周界安防、结构健康监测和地震波探测等领域。当待测光纤受到外部环境的扰动(如动态应变)时,光纤的长度、芯径和折射率特性将会发生变化,从而引起光纤中瑞利散射光振幅和相位的改变;通过对扰动事件前后的瑞利散射信号进行分析,进而实现对扰动信号的探测。在早期的传感***中,人们仅根据瑞利散射信号强度的相对变化来实现扰动事件的定位,无法实现定量测量。进一步的研究表明,瑞利散射信号相位的变化量与施加在光纤上的应变大小呈线性关系,因此可以通过解调探测光的相位变化来定量测量动态应变的大小。
在诸多探测方式中,相位敏感光频域反射仪因其具有高分辨率和高灵敏度等优势受到广泛关注。光频域反射技术利用调频连续波作为探测光,其空间分辨率取决于扫频范围,解决了脉冲探测方式中空间分辨率与探测距离相互制约的问题。相位敏感光频域反射仪通过解调瑞利散射信号的相位谱,对应变事件前后进行相位差分来获取相位变化的大小,从而解调出光纤上施加的动态应变。
利用相位敏感光频域反射仪测量动态应变的过程中,需要利用解缠绕算法将相位测量值展开,以使相位连续。然而,使用解缠绕算法正确解调的前提条件是相邻测量点的相位变化的绝对值不能超过π(π阈值条件),这一条件限制了可测动态应变的最大范围。假设施加的动态应变是一个单频正弦信号,根据π阈值条件,可得出***可测量的动态应变为:
式中,fp为光频域反射仪的扫频重复频率,fε为施加应变的振动频率。在目前的技术中,相位敏感光频域反射***采用光波长在1550nm(光频率~193.5THz)附近的单频光进行探测,由上式可知,在扫频重复频率和施加应变振动频率不变的情况下,可测的最大动态应变受到光频率ν的限制。
发明内容
为了克服扫频重复频率和施加应变振动频率不变的情况下,可测的最大动态应变受到光频率ν限制的问题,本发明提出了一种高精度双频光频域反射仪,利用两个频率光波的相位差进行应变测量。这种方式等效于在测量***中形成了一个低频载波,增大了应变的测量范围;测量***采用傅里叶相位谱进行解调,借助双频光之间的相位差,引导单频光相位解缠绕,实现了大动态应变范围的高精度测量。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下方案:一种大应变测量范围的高精度双频光频域反射仪,包括:
光调制模块,用于将激光器发出的连续光合束成双频连续光,并将所述双频连续光调制为扫频连续光;
光干涉模块,用于将待测光纤发出的后向散射光与所述扫频连续光进行干涉,并可调整后向散射光的偏振态,得到干涉光;
光电转换模块,用于将所述干涉光转换为电信号;
采集与处理模块,与所述光电转换模块连接,用于对所述电信号进行分析与处理。
优选地,所述光调制模块与所述光干涉模块通过第一光耦合器连接;
所述光干涉模块与所述光电转换模块通过第二光耦合器连接;
所述第一光耦合器、第二光耦合器用于将光分路。
优选地,所述光调制模块包括合束单元、转换单元;
所述合束单元用于将连续光合束成双频连续光;
所述转换单元用于将双频连续光调制为扫频连续光。
优选地,所述合束单元包括窄线宽激光器、第一波分复用器;
所述窄线宽激光器包括第一窄线宽激光器、第二窄线宽激光器;
所述第一窄线宽激光器用于发出第一光频的连续光;
所述第二窄线宽激光器用于发出第二光频的连续光;
所述第一波分复用器用于将所述第一光频的连续光和所述第二光频的连续光合束。
优选地,所述转换单元包括任意波形发生器、射频放大器、调制器;
所述任意波形发生器用于发出扫频信号;
所述射频放大器,与所述任意波形发生器连接,用于将扫频信号放大;
所述调制器,与所述射频放大器连接,用于将双频连续光调制为扫频连续光。
优选地,所述光干涉模块包括第一光耦合器、光放大器、待测光纤、光环形器、偏振控制器、第二光耦合器;
所述第一光耦合器,用于将光波分束,一路为探测路,一路为参考路;
所述光放大器,与第一光耦合器连接,用于增大入纤光功率;
所述待测光纤,用于产生后向瑞利散射光;
所述光环形器,分别与所述光放大器、所述待测光纤、所述偏振控制器连接,用于将光波注入待测光纤,接收待测光纤产生的后向瑞利散射光,再出射到所述偏振控制器;
所述偏振控制器用于调整偏振态。
所述第二光耦合器,用于将探测路和参考路的光波合束进行干涉。
优选地,所述光电转换模块包括第二波分复用器、第三波分复用器、第一光电探测器、第二光电探测器;
所述第二波分复用器、第三波分复用器,与所述第二光耦合器连接,用于波分解复用;
所述第一光电探测器,分别与所述第二波分复用器、第三波分复用器连接,用于接收第一光频的拍频信号;
所述第二光电探测器,分别与所述第二波分复用器、第三波分复用器连接,用于接收第二光频的拍频信号。
本发明公开了以下技术效果:
1、本发明为相位敏感光频域反射仪,可以调节扫频范围,获得高空间分辨率,克服了脉冲探测方式中空间分辨率与探测距离无法兼顾的问题;且采用频域傅里叶相位进行解调,具有高灵敏度的优势。
2、采用本发明提出的双频测量***,利用两个频率之间的相位差进行解调,相比于传统单频光探测方式,大大提升了动态应变的测量范围。利用频率为第一频率和第二频率的连续光进行探测,双频测量***的可测动态应变大小提升为单频测量***下的第一频率除以频率差倍(或单频测量***下的第二频率除以频率差倍)。
3、为了提升测量精度,本发明在相位解调时,借助双频光之间的相位差,引导单频光相位进行解缠绕,将双频光***的测量精度提升至单频光***水平。利用本发明提出的高精度双频光频域反射仪,为大应变、高振动频率的应用场景提供了有效探测手段。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例的双频光频域反射仪的***结构示意图;
图中:1第一窄线宽激光器、2第二窄线宽激光器、3第一波分复用器、4调制器、5任意波形发生器、6射频放大器、7第一光耦合器、8光放大器、9光环形器、10待测光纤、11偏振控制器、12第二光耦合器、13第二波分复用器、14第三波分复用器、15第一光电探测器、16第二光电探测器、17数据采集与处理器。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
如图1所示,本发明提供了一种大应变测量范围的高精度双频光频域反射仪,其***结构如下:第一窄线宽激光器1和第二窄线宽激光器2分别发出频率为ν1和ν2的连续光,通过第一波分复用器3合束,第一波分复用器3连接调制器4的光输入端口;任意波形发生器5连接射频放大器6,射频放大器6输出端连接调制器4射频输入端,将合束光调制为扫频连续光,调制器4光输出端口连接第一光耦合器7,第一光耦合器7分为两路,其中一路为探测路,依次连接光放大器8和光环形器9端口a,光环形器9端口b连接待测光纤10,端口c连接偏振控制器11;第一光耦合器7输出的另一路作为参考路。探测路和参考路连接第二光耦合器12,第二光耦合器12的两个输出端口分别连接第二波分复用器13和第三波分复用器14,两个波分复用器将频率为ν1和ν2的连续光分开,再分别连接第一光电探测器15和第二光电探测器16,将光信号转换为电信号后,接入数据采集与处理器17。
进一步地优化方案,第一窄线宽激光器的光频率ν1和第二窄线宽激光器的光频率ν2可相差数百GHz至数THz。
进一步地优化方案,第一光耦合器7的分光比为90:10或者80:20;第二光耦合器12的分光比为50:50。
进一步地优化方案,待测光纤10可以为普通单模光纤、保偏光纤、FBG光纤、瑞利散射增强光纤等。
进一步地优化方案,信号的解调方法如下:
第一步,将各扫频周期采集到的时域拍频信号通过傅立叶变换至频域进行分析,拍频频率大小反映了光纤的位置信息,某频率下的傅里叶相位则反映了对应位置处的相位信息;
式中,n为光纤折射率,κ为光纤应变系数,L为应变区域长度,ε为应变大小,c为真空中的光速。其中Δν=ν1-ν2,为两光波的频率差。由上式可知,相比于单频光,双频测量***中由相同应变大小引起的相位变化减小,因而可以测量更大范围的动态应变。利用频率为ν1和ν2的连续光进行探测时,双频测量***的可测动态应变大小提升为单频ν1测量***下的ν1/Δν倍(或单频ν2测量***下的ν2/Δν倍);
第四步,为了提升双频***下的测量精度,借助双频光之间的相位差引导单频光相位解缠绕。以频率ν1下的单频光为例,由应变引起的单频光解缠绕后的相位变化为缠绕相位加2π的整数倍,即解缠绕转化为求缠绕整数k1的值;令比例因子M1=ν1/Δν,根据式求得整数k1的值,进而解调得到的值,保持了单频光测量下的精度;
第五步,根据相位变化和应变之间的线性关系求得应变大小ε,将每个时刻解调得到的应变大小ε对应在慢变时间轴上,得到由振动引起的随时间变化的应变曲线。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种大应变测量范围的高精度双频光频域反射仪,其特征在于,包括:
光调制模块,用于将激光器发出的连续光合束成双频连续光,并将所述双频连续光调制为扫频连续光;
光干涉模块,用于将待测光纤发出的后向散射光与所述扫频连续光进行干涉,并可调整后向散射光的偏振态,得到干涉光;
光电转换模块,用于将所述干涉光转换为电信号;
采集与处理模块,与所述光电转换模块连接,用于对所述电信号进行分析与处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的大应变测量范围的高精度双频光频域反射仪,其特征在于,
所述光调制模块与所述光干涉模块通过第一光耦合器连接;
所述光干涉模块与所述光电转换模块通过第二光耦合器连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的大应变测量范围的高精度双频光频域反射仪,其特征在于,
所述光调制模块包括合束单元、转换单元;
所述合束单元用于将连续光合束成双频连续光;
所述转换单元用于将双频连续光调制为扫频连续光。
4.根据权利要求3所述的大应变测量范围的高精度双频光频域反射仪,其特征在于,
所述合束单元包括窄线宽激光器、第一波分复用器;
所述窄线宽激光器包括第一窄线宽激光器、第二窄线宽激光器;
所述第一窄线宽激光器用于发出第一光频的连续光;
所述第二窄线宽激光器用于发出第二光频的连续光;
所述第一波分复用器用于将所述第一光频的连续光和所述第二光频的连续光合束。
5.根据权利要求3所述的大应变测量范围的高精度双频光频域反射仪,其特征在于,
所述转换单元包括任意波形发生器、射频放大器、调制器;
所述任意波形发生器用于发出扫频信号;
所述射频放大器,与所述任意波形发生器连接,用于将扫频信号放大;
所述调制器,与所述射频放大器连接,用于将双频连续光调制为扫频连续光。
6.根据权利要求1所述的大应变测量范围的高精度双频光频域反射仪,其特征在于,
所述光干涉模块包括第一光耦合器、光放大器、待测光纤、光环形器、偏振控制器、第二光耦合器;
所述第一光耦合器,用于将光波分束,一路为探测路,一路为参考路;
所述光放大器,与第一光耦合器连接,用于增大入纤光功率;
所述待测光纤,用于产生后向瑞利散射光;
所述光环形器,分别与所述光放大器、所述待测光纤、所述偏振控制器连接,用于将光波注入待测光纤,接收待测光纤产生的后向瑞利散射光,再出射到所述偏振控制器;
所述偏振控制器用于调整偏振态;
所述第二光耦合器,用于将探测路和参考路的光波合束进行干涉。
7.根据权利要求1所述的大应变测量范围的高精度双频光频域反射仪,其特征在于,
所述光电转换模块包括第二波分复用器、第三波分复用器、第一光电探测器、第二光电探测器;
所述第二波分复用器、第三波分复用器,与所述第二光耦合器连接,用于波分解复用;
所述第一光电探测器,分别与所述第二波分复用器、第三波分复用器连接,用于接收第一光频的拍频信号;
所述第二光电探测器,分别与所述第二波分复用器、第三波分复用器连接,用于接收第二光频的拍频信号。
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