CN115235137A - Cooling structure of throttling refrigerating machine coupled air gap type thermal switch and implementation method - Google Patents
Cooling structure of throttling refrigerating machine coupled air gap type thermal switch and implementation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115235137A CN115235137A CN202210811441.4A CN202210811441A CN115235137A CN 115235137 A CN115235137 A CN 115235137A CN 202210811441 A CN202210811441 A CN 202210811441A CN 115235137 A CN115235137 A CN 115235137A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
- F25B40/06—Superheaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
- F25B43/003—Filters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cooling structure of a throttling refrigerator coupled air gap type thermal switch and an implementation method. The units are fastened and connected through screws. The throttle compressor unit and the two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit respectively provide a driving source and precooling for the JT throttling unit, and the air gap thermal switch is an active cooling device of the JT throttling unit. The throttling compressor unit comprises a throttling compressor unit, a low-pressure-stabilizing gas reservoir and a high-pressure flow-stabilizing gas reservoir. The JT throttling unit comprises a high-pressure pipeline, a low-pressure pipeline, a vacuum cavity, a countercurrent heat exchanger, a primary cold shield, a secondary cold shield, a throttling valve and an evaporator. The air gap thermal switch unit comprises a hot end copper component, a cold end copper component, a supporting tube, a sealing interface, an adsorption pipeline, an adsorption pump and a flexible cold chain. The invention has the advantages of short cooling time, high compactness, high refrigeration efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of low temperature, and particularly relates to a cooling structure of a throttling refrigerator coupled air gap type thermal switch and an implementation method.
Background
The vigorous development of aerospace science and technology provides great assistance for human exploration universe. The superconducting quantum interference device, the superconducting photon detector, the millimeter and submillimeter wave detection and other deep space detectors need a space refrigeration system to provide deep low-temperature, so a high-reliability and long-service-life low-temperature system is a necessary condition. The 4K temperature zone is not only the working temperature zone of some detectors, but also the precooling temperature of the refrigerating machine in the lower temperature zone. The technology of the pre-cooling JT refrigerating machine becomes an important research direction due to the advantages of high stability, long service life and no moving part at the cold end. Researchers have conducted extensive research on their structural design and cooling schemes. The cold energy of the JT refrigerating machine in the cooling process mainly comes from the precooler, and the cold energy required in the cooling process is mainly conducted by the sleeve. Because the throttling conversion temperature of the helium gas is 45K, the cold end of the JT refrigerator does not generate cold energy when the temperature is above 45K, and the integral cooling speed of the JT refrigerator is not as high as that of the Stirling refrigerator and the pulse tube refrigerator. Therefore, how to quickly conduct the cold energy to the cold end of the JT refrigerating machine is the key for accelerating the cooling speed of the JT refrigerating machine.
Disclosure of Invention
The technology of the precooling JT refrigerating machine is a mainstream technology for obtaining a 4-6K temperature zone in the space at present, and has wide application prospect in the space. However, the cooling rate of JT refrigerator is slow compared to pulse tube refrigerator and stirling refrigerator, and there is currently no theory for the supplementary cooling scheme of JT refrigerator. The bypass pipe technology is widely used in the current JT refrigerating machine in foreign space, and the problems of complex structure and low space utilization rate due to the lack of a low-temperature stop valve are found in the domestic research process. Aiming at the limitation of cooling by using a bypass pipeline in the prior art, the invention provides a cooling structure of a throttling refrigerating machine coupling air gap type thermal switch and an implementation method thereof. An air gap thermal switch is arranged between the secondary pulse tube cold head and the JT throttling refrigerating machine evaporator, a hot end copper component of the thermal switch is fixedly connected with a cold end screw of the pulse tube refrigerating machine, and the cold end of the thermal switch and the adsorption pump are connected with the JT throttling compressor evaporator through a flexible cold chain in an integrated structure. In the initial stage of cooling of the JT throttling unit, a gap between a cold end and a hot end copper component of the thermal switch is filled with helium, the air gap thermal switch is in an open state, the cold quantity of a secondary pulse tube cold head is transferred to the evaporator through the thermal switch, when the temperature of the evaporator is reduced to be lower than the transition temperature of the thermal switch, the system conducts throttling refrigeration at the moment, the adsorption pump adsorbs the helium between the cold end and the hot end copper component of the thermal switch, the thermal switch is disconnected, the thermal resistance between the pulse tube cold head and the evaporator is increased, the heat dissipation capacity is reduced, and the temperature of a heat source is kept in a stable state. The throttling refrigerating machine coupled air gap type thermal switch cooling structure and the implementation method have the advantages of short cooling time, high compactness, small heat leakage, high refrigerating efficiency and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a cooling structure of a throttling refrigerator coupled air gap type thermal switch and an implementation method thereof, wherein the cooling structure comprises a throttling compressor unit 1, a JT throttling unit 2, a two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit 3 and an air gap thermal switch unit 4. The throttling compressor unit 1 comprises a throttling compressor unit 1.1, a low-pressure-stabilizing air reservoir 1.2 and a high-pressure flow-stabilizing air reservoir 1.3, the throttling compressor unit 1.1 is driven by a direct-current valve linear compressor unit or a scroll compressor, and the low-pressure-stabilizing air reservoir 1.2 and the high-pressure flow-stabilizing air reservoir 1.3 which are arranged at the two ends of the compressor unit can play a role in stabilizing pressure waves and flow. The JT throttling unit 2 comprises a low-pressure pipeline 2.1, a high-pressure pipeline 2.2, a vacuum cavity 2.3, a primary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.4, a primary cold shield 2.5, a secondary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.6, a secondary cold shield 2.7, a tertiary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.8, a filter 2.9, a throttling valve 2.10 and an evaporator 2.11, wherein the primary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.4, the secondary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.6 and the tertiary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.8 are manufactured by coaxially arranging two stainless steel pipe sleeves, and the tail ends of the stainless steel pipe sleeves are connected with the throttling valve 2.10 and the evaporator 2.11 in a welded mode after being sequentially welded or connected through tee joints in a welded mode. The two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit 3 comprises an active phase modulation compressor 3.1, a pulse tube main drive compressor 3.2, a primary pulse tube hot end 3.3, a secondary pulse tube hot end 3.4, a sealing flange 3.5, a primary pulse tube heat regenerator 3.6, a secondary pulse tube high-temperature section heat regenerator 3.7, an intermediate heat exchanger 3.8, a secondary pulse tube low-temperature section heat regenerator 3.9 and a secondary pulse tube cold head 3.10. The main compressor adopts a one-driving-two driving compressor structure, realizes the high-efficiency compact miniaturization of a constant temperature system, adopts an active phase modulation technology, is beneficial to pulse tubes to obtain the best performance, and has the advantages of wide phase modulation range, low temperature, high efficiency and the like. The two-stage pulse tube cold finger unit adopts a coaxial structure, the primary pulse tube and the secondary pulse tube are made into an integrated structure, and the intermediate heat exchanger 3.8 integrates two functions of a primary pulse tube cold head and a secondary pulse tube intermediate heat exchanger, so that the intermediate contact thermal resistance is reduced. The air gap thermal switch unit 4 comprises a hot end copper component 4.1, a support tube 4.2, a cold end copper component 4.3, a sealing interface 4.4, an adsorption pipeline 4.5, an adsorption pump 4.6 and a flexible cold chain 4.7. In the temperature reduction process of the JT throttling unit 2, the air gap thermal switch realizes the starting and the disconnection of the thermal switch through the change of the adsorption capacity of the adsorption pump 4.6 to helium along with the temperature, thereby realizing the heat conduction connection and the disconnection of the secondary pulse tube cold head 3.10 and the evaporator 2.11. When the temperature of the evaporator 2.11 reaches the transition temperature of the thermal switch, the thermal switch is disconnected to increase the heat conduction resistance, thereby reducing the heat leakage of the evaporator 2.11 and improving the refrigeration efficiency.
The invention has the advantages that: in the initial cooling stage of the JT throttling unit, a gap between a cold end and a hot end copper component of the thermal switch is filled with helium, the air gap thermal switch is in an open state, and the cold energy of the secondary pulse tube cold head is transferred to the evaporator through the thermal switch, so that the cooling rate of the JT refrigerator is accelerated. When the temperature of the evaporator is reduced to be lower than the transition temperature of the thermal switch, the system performs throttling refrigeration at the moment, the adsorption pump adsorbs helium between the cold end and the hot end copper component of the thermal switch, the thermal switch is disconnected, and the thermal resistance between the pulse tube cold head and the evaporator is increased, so that the heat leakage of the low-temperature system is reduced, and the temperature of a heat source is kept in a stable state. The throttling refrigerating machine coupled air gap type thermal switch cooling structure and the implementation method have the advantages of short cooling time, high compactness, small heat leakage, high refrigerating efficiency and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cooling structure and an implementation method of a throttling refrigerator coupled air gap type thermal switch;
in the figure: 1.1 throttling compressor set, 1.2 low-pressure-stabilizing gas reservoir, 1.3 high-pressure flow-stabilizing gas reservoir, 2.1 low-pressure pipeline, 2.2 high-pressure pipeline, 2.3 vacuum cavity, 2.4 first-stage counter-flow heat exchanger, 2.5 first-stage cold screen, 2.6 second-stage counter-flow heat exchanger, 2.7 second-stage cold screen, 2.8 third-stage counter-flow heat exchanger, 2.9 filter, 2.10 throttle valve and 2.11 evaporator, 3.1 active phase modulation compressor, 3.2 pulse tube main driving compressor, 3.3 first-stage pulse tube hot end, 3.4 second-stage pulse tube hot end, 3.5 sealing flange, 3.6 first-stage pulse tube heat regenerator, 3.7 second-stage pulse tube high-temperature regenerator, 3.8 intermediate heat exchanger, 3.9 second-stage pulse tube low-temperature regenerator, 3.10 second-stage pulse tube cold end, 4.1 hot end copper component, 4.2 supporting tube, 4.3 cold end copper component, 4.4 sealing interface, 4.5 adsorption pipeline, 4.6 adsorption pump, 4.7 flexible chain;
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a cooling structure of a throttling refrigerator coupled air gap type thermal switch and an implementation method thereof, and the active cooling method is applied to a JT throttling refrigerator in a liquid helium temperature zone. The active cooling structure comprises a throttling compressor unit 1, a JT throttling unit 2, a two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit 3 and an air gap thermal switch unit 4. The method is characterized in that: the units are fastened and connected through screws. The throttle compressor unit 1 and the two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit 3 respectively provide a driving source and precooling for the JT throttling unit 2, and the air gap thermal switch unit 4 is an active cooling device for the JT throttling unit 2. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent in the air gap thermal switch unit 4 to helium changes along with the temperature change in the temperature reduction process of the JT throttling unit 2, so that the helium is switched on and off, the rapid temperature reduction is realized, the temperature reduction time is shortened, and the heat leakage is reduced. The throttle compressor unit 1.1 is driven by a direct-current valve linear compressor unit or a scroll compressor, and a low-pressure-stabilizing air reservoir 1.2 and a high-pressure flow-stabilizing air reservoir 1.3 are arranged at two ends of the compressor unit to play a role in stabilizing pressure waves and flow. The JT throttling unit 2 comprises a low-pressure pipeline 2.1, a high-pressure pipeline 2.2, a vacuum cavity 2.3, a primary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.4, a primary cold screen 2.5, a secondary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.6, a secondary cold screen 2.7, a tertiary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.8, a filter 2.9, a throttling valve 2.10 and an evaporator 2.11, wherein the primary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.4, the secondary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.6 and the tertiary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.8 are manufactured by coaxially arranging two stainless steel pipe sleeves and are sequentially welded or connected by tee joints, and the tail ends of the sleeves are welded with the throttling valve 2.10 and the evaporator 2.11. The two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit 3 comprises an active phase modulation compressor 3.1, a pulse tube main drive compressor 3.2, a primary pulse tube hot end 3.3, a secondary pulse tube hot end 3.4, a sealing flange 3.5, a primary pulse tube heat regenerator 3.6, a secondary pulse tube high-temperature section heat regenerator 3.7, an intermediate heat exchanger 3.8, a secondary pulse tube low-temperature section heat regenerator 3.9 and a secondary pulse tube cold head 3.10. The main compressor adopts a one-driving-two driving compressor structure, realizes the high-efficiency compact miniaturization of a constant temperature system, adopts an active phase modulation technology, is beneficial to pulse tubes to obtain the best performance, and has the advantages of wide phase modulation range, low temperature, high efficiency and the like. The two-stage pulse tube cold finger unit adopts a coaxial structure, the primary pulse tube and the secondary pulse tube are made into an integrated structure, and the intermediate heat exchanger 3.8 integrates two functions of a primary pulse tube cold head and a secondary pulse tube intermediate heat exchanger, so that the intermediate contact thermal resistance is reduced. The air gap thermal switch unit 4 comprises a hot end copper component 4.1, a support tube 4.2, a cold end copper component 4.3, a sealing interface 4.4, an adsorption pipeline 4.5, an adsorption pump 4.6 and a flexible cold chain 4.7. In the temperature reduction process of the JT throttling unit 2, the air gap thermal switch realizes the starting and the disconnection of the thermal switch through the change of the adsorption capacity of the adsorption pump 4.6 to helium along with the temperature, thereby realizing the heat conduction connection and the disconnection of the secondary pulse tube cold head 3.10 and the evaporator 2.11. When the temperature of the evaporator 2.11 reaches the transition temperature of the thermal switch, the thermal switch is disconnected to increase the heat conduction resistance, thereby reducing the heat leakage of the evaporator 2.11 and improving the refrigeration efficiency.
When the coupling air gap thermal switch is actually used, the active cooling structure of the coupling air gap thermal switch is used for vacuumizing, and the vacuum degree of a vacuum cavity is kept at 10 -4 And Pa is higher than Pa, so that the convection heat transfer in a low-temperature system is reduced, and the cooling rate is accelerated.
The working process of the invention comprises the following steps:
the installation process comprises the following steps:
the throttle compressor unit 1.1, the low-pressure-stabilizing gas reservoir 1.2, the high-pressure flow-stabilizing gas reservoir 1.3 and the JT throttle unit 2 are connected through a low-pressure pipeline 2.1 and a high-pressure pipeline 2.2, and related interfaces adopt a welding form. The intermediate heat exchanger 3.8 and the secondary pulse tube cold head 3.10 are respectively in threaded connection with the primary cold shield 2.5 and the secondary cold shield 2.7. The first-stage counter-flow heat exchanger 2.4, the second-stage counter-flow heat exchanger 2.6 and the third-stage counter-flow heat exchanger 2.8 are manufactured by coaxially arranging two stainless steel pipe sleeves, and the tail ends of the stainless steel pipe sleeves are connected with the throttle valve 1.10 and the cold end 1.12 of the JT refrigerator in sequence by welding or by tee joint welding. The hot end copper component 4.1 of the air gap thermal switch unit 4 is in screw fastening connection with the secondary pulse tube cold head 3.10, and the cold end copper component 4.3 and the adsorption pump 4.6 are connected with the evaporator 2.11 in an integrated structure through the flexible cold chain 4.7 for heat transmission.
And (3) vacuumizing:
after the installation mode is adopted, in order to reduce the convective heat transfer loss of the refrigerating machine, after the refrigerating system is installed, the whole system needs to be vacuumized, and the vacuum degree needs to be kept at 10 -4 Pa or above. Then enters the pipeline of the refrigeratorVacuumizing and replacing, and finally filling high-purity helium to ensure the cleanliness of the system.
And (3) cooling:
at the initial cooling stage of the JT throttling unit 2, the micron-sized gap between the hot end copper component 4.1 and the cold end copper component 4.3 of the air gap thermal switch unit 4 is filled with helium, the air gap thermal switch is in an open state, and the cold quantity of the secondary pulse tube cold head 3.10 is transmitted to the evaporator 2.11 through the air gap thermal switch unit 4, so that the throttling valve 2.10 and the evaporator 2.11 are rapidly cooled, and the cooling rate of the refrigerator is accelerated. When the temperature of the evaporator 2.11 is reduced to be lower than the transition temperature of the thermal switch, the system performs throttling refrigeration, the adsorption pump 4.6 adsorbs helium between the micron-sized gap between the hot-end copper component 4.1 and the cold-end copper component 4.3, the thermal switch is disconnected, and the thermal resistance between the secondary pulse tube cold head 3.10 and the evaporator 2.11 is increased, so that the heat dissipation capacity is reduced, and the temperature of a heat source is kept in a stable state.
The refrigeration cycle process:
when the evaporator 2.11 reaches a preset temperature, the throttling compressor unit 1 discharges high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flows through the first-stage counter-flow heat exchanger 2.4 and is cooled by a backflow low-pressure working medium in the first-stage counter-flow heat exchanger 2.4; then the high-pressure gas flows through a secondary counter-flow heat exchanger 2.6 after being pre-cooled by a pre-cooler intermediate heat exchanger 3.8, and is cooled by a backflow low-pressure working medium in the secondary counter-flow heat exchanger 2.6; then the high-pressure gas flows through a secondary cold head heat exchanger of the precooler and is further precooled by a secondary pulse tube cold head 3.10; then the high-pressure gas flows through the three-stage counter-flow heat exchanger 2.8 and is cooled by the back-flow low-pressure working medium in the three-stage counter-flow heat exchanger 2.8; then the high-pressure gas is throttled, decompressed and cooled through a throttle valve 2.10, so that a gas-liquid two-phase mixed working medium is obtained; the gas-liquid two-phase mixed working medium enters an evaporator 2.11 to be evaporated and absorb heat, and cold energy is provided for the outside; the backflow low-pressure gas flowing out of the evaporation evaporator 2.11 sequentially flows through the three-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 2.8, the secondary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.6 and the primary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.4, and sequentially cools high-pressure working media in the countercurrent heat exchanger; and then the low-pressure gas enters the throttling compressor unit 1 for multi-stage compression to obtain high-pressure gas, and the next circulation is continued.
A temperature return process:
the refrigeration system still has a low temperature when the system is finished running, and in order to protect system components, the temperature of the system components needs to be returned first. Firstly, the active phase modulation compressor 3.1, the pulse tube main drive compressor 3.2 and the throttling compressor unit 1 are closed, so that the shutdown of the system is realized, and after the temperature returns to the normal temperature, the vacuum cavity 2.3 is opened to disassemble related components.
In summary, the cooling structure and the implementation method of the throttling refrigerator coupled air gap type thermal switch provided by the invention have the advantages of short cooling time, high compactness, small heat leakage, high refrigeration efficiency and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the embodiments and descriptions are only illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a cooling structure of throttle refrigerator coupling air gap formula thermoswitch, includes throttle compressor unit (1), JT throttle unit (2), two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit (3), air gap thermoswitch unit (4), its characterized in that:
throttle compressor unit (1), JT throttle unit (2), pass through screw fastening connection between two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit (3) and air gap thermal switch unit (4), JT throttle unit (2), two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit (3) low temperature part is placed in the vacuum chamber, throttle compressor unit (1), two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit (3) provide driving source and precooling for JT throttle unit (2) respectively, air gap thermal switch unit (4) are JT throttle unit (2) initiative heat sink, the adsorbability of adsorbent to helium changes in JT throttle unit (2) cooling process along with the change air gap thermal switch unit (4) of temperature, realize switching on and off, thereby realize rapid cooling, the cool down time has been reduced and heat leakage has been reduced.
2. The cooling structure of the coupled air-gap thermal switch of the throttling refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein: the throttling compressor unit (1) comprises a throttling compressor unit (1.1), a low-pressure-stabilizing air reservoir (1.2) and a high-pressure flow-stabilizing air reservoir (1.3), the throttling compressor unit (1.1) is driven by a direct-current valve linear compressor unit or a scroll compressor, and the low-pressure-stabilizing air reservoir (1.2) and the high-pressure flow-stabilizing air reservoir (1.3) are arranged at the two ends of the compressor unit to play a role in stabilizing pressure waves and flow.
3. The cooling structure of the coupled air-gap thermal switch of the throttling refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein: the JT throttling unit (2) comprises a low-pressure pipeline (2.1), a high-pressure pipeline (2.2), a vacuum cavity (2.3), a primary counter-flow heat exchanger (2.4), a primary cold screen (2.5), a secondary counter-flow heat exchanger (2.6), a secondary cold screen (2.7), a tertiary counter-flow heat exchanger (2.8), a filter (2.9), a throttling valve (2.10) and an evaporator (2.11).
4. The cooling structure of a throttle refrigerator coupled air-gap type thermal switch according to claim 1, wherein: the two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit (3) comprises an active phase modulation compressor (3.1), a pulse tube main drive compressor (3.2), a primary pulse tube hot end (3.3), a secondary pulse tube hot end (3.4), a sealing flange plate (3.5), a primary pulse tube heat regenerator (3.6), a secondary pulse tube high-temperature section heat regenerator (3.7), an intermediate heat exchanger (3.8), a secondary pulse tube low-temperature section heat regenerator (3.9) and a secondary pulse tube cold head (3.10); the main compressor adopts a one-driving-two driving compressor structure, an active phase modulation technology is adopted, the two-stage pulse tube cold finger units adopt a coaxial structure, the primary pulse tube and the secondary pulse tube are made into an integrated structure, and the intermediate heat exchanger (3.8) integrates two functions of a primary pulse tube cold head and a secondary pulse tube intermediate heat exchanger, so that the intermediate contact thermal resistance is reduced.
5. The cooling structure of a throttle refrigerator coupled air-gap type thermal switch according to claim 1, wherein: the air gap thermal switch unit (4) comprises a hot end copper component (4.1), a support tube (4.2), a cold end copper component (4.3), a sealing interface (4.4), an adsorption pipeline (4.5), an adsorption pump (4.6) and a flexible cold chain (4.7).
6. A low-temperature realization method of a temperature reduction structure of a coupled air-gap thermal switch of a throttling refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) And (3) vacuumizing: the vacuum degree of the cooling structure is maintained at 10 by vacuumizing operation -4 Pa or above. Then, carrying out vacuum-pumping replacement on a pipeline of the refrigerator, and finally filling high-purity helium gas to ensure the cleanliness of the system;
2) And (3) cooling: in the initial cooling stage of the JT throttling unit (2), a micron-sized gap between a hot end copper component (4.1) and a cold end copper component (4.3) of the air gap thermal switch unit (4) is filled with helium, the air gap thermal switch is in an open state, and the cold quantity of the secondary pulse tube cold head (3.10) is transmitted to the evaporator (2.11) through the air gap thermal switch unit (4), so that the throttle valve (2.10) and the evaporator (2.11) are rapidly cooled, and the cooling rate of the refrigerator is accelerated. When the temperature of the evaporator (2.11) is reduced to be lower than the transition temperature of the thermal switch, the system performs throttling refrigeration, the adsorption pump (4.6) adsorbs helium between micron-sized gaps between the hot-end copper component (4.1) and the cold-end copper component (4.3), the thermal switch is disconnected, and the thermal resistance between the secondary pulse tube cold head (3.10) and the evaporator (2.11) is increased, so that the heat dissipation capacity is reduced, and the temperature of a heat source is kept in a stable state;
3) The refrigeration cycle process comprises: when the evaporator (2.11) reaches a preset temperature, the throttling compressor unit (1) discharges high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flows through the first-stage counter-flow heat exchanger (2.4) and is cooled by a backflow low-pressure working medium in the first-stage counter-flow heat exchanger (2.4); then the high-pressure gas flows through a secondary counter-flow heat exchanger (2.6) after being pre-cooled by a pre-cooler intermediate heat exchanger (3.8), and is cooled by a backflow low-pressure working medium in the secondary counter-flow heat exchanger (2.6); then the high-pressure gas flows through a secondary cold head heat exchanger of the precooler and is further precooled by a secondary pulse tube cold head (3.10); then the high-pressure gas flows through the three-stage counter-flow heat exchanger (2.8) and is cooled by the back-flow low-pressure working medium in the three-stage counter-flow heat exchanger (2.8); then the high-pressure gas is throttled, depressurized and cooled by a throttle valve (2.10), so that a gas-liquid two-phase mixed working medium is obtained; the gas-liquid two-phase mixed working medium then enters an evaporator (2.11) to evaporate and absorb heat, and cold energy is provided for the outside; the backflow low-pressure gas flowing out of the evaporation evaporator (2.11) sequentially flows through the three-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.8), the second-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.6) and the first-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.4), and high-pressure working media in the countercurrent heat exchanger are sequentially cooled; then the low-pressure gas enters a throttling compressor unit (1) for multi-stage compression to obtain high-pressure gas, and the next circulation is continued;
4) A temperature return process: firstly, the active phase modulation compressor (3.1), the pulse tube main drive compressor (3.2) and the throttling compressor unit (1) are closed so as to shut down the system, and after the temperature returns to the normal temperature, the vacuum cavity (2.3) is opened to disassemble related components.
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