CN115234368A - 一体化制氢式射流点火装置及氨燃料发动机控制*** - Google Patents
一体化制氢式射流点火装置及氨燃料发动机控制*** Download PDFInfo
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 368
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 161
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 161
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种一体化制氢式射流点火装置,包括预燃室、火花塞、空气喷射器和氨制氢装置;所述火花塞设置在所述预燃室内,所述预燃室的体积不超过发动机主燃烧室体积的5%;所述氨制氢装置为立柱式氨裂解制氢反应器,所述氨制氢装置用于产生60‑150W的氢气能够满足预燃室内氢气的使用;还公开了一种包含一体化制氢式射流点火装置的氨燃料发动机控制***,包括低压氨燃料供给单元、点燃式氨燃料发动机和ECU;所述控制***能够使所述点燃式氨燃料发动机实现单一燃料运行。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于内燃机技术领域,具体涉及一种一体化制氢式射流点火装置及氨燃料发动机控制***。
背景技术
全球气候和环境变化对人类的经济、社会发展提出了严峻挑战,低碳化甚至零碳化已成为世界经济发展的必然趋势,低碳技术将成为全球经济发展的新“发动机”。内燃机零碳技术的本质是燃烧碳中和燃料实现全生命周期的零碳排放。研究发现,氨作为高效储氢介质,具有高能量密度、易液化储运、安全性高和无碳排放等优势,可以用可再生能源生产氢,再将氢转换为氨,运输到目的地,可以极大降低氢的运输成本,并且提高运输的安全性能。氨既是氢能载体,又是零碳燃料,对一定体积的液氨,其含氢量和能量密度分别为相同体积液态氢的1.7和1.5倍。此外,氨还可以通过可再生能源太阳能、电能等利用空气和水合成,整个制备过程无碳排放。我国幅员辽阔,有着十分丰富的太阳能资源、风能等可再生能源。良好的工业生产基础有利于逐步实现化石能源向可再生氨能源的转型。目前国内已有多家科研单位以及企业开始谋划布局氢氨产业链,国内福建、宁夏等地以及国家能源集团纷纷成立相关联盟组织研讨会,抢占先机。因此,发展氨氢融合燃料动力切合我国能源格局现状以及未来的战略调整。
氨燃料作为发动机燃料开发工作面临的主要挑战来自于氨的不良燃烧特性,如高自燃温度、低火焰速度及高的汽化潜热,较差的自燃能力和燃烧稳定性导致其作为发动机燃料时需要高反应活性的点火源引燃。着火和燃烧不稳定直接导致发动机动力性能和排放性能变差,并造成氨泄漏。而氨气具有腐蚀性和弱毒性,一旦泄漏,将腐蚀损伤发动机零部件、危及人员安全。因此,缸内稳定的着火与火焰传播过程对发动机燃烧过程优化、排放控制、安全性保障均具有重要意义。如何实现氨燃料稳定着火及高效燃烧是目前氨燃料发动机研制面临的关键技术之一。由于氨容易制备氢气,而氢气的燃烧速度快(3m/s),通过车载制氢与氨气形成氢氨融合燃料,根据发动机负荷和转速的变化,实时调控燃料比例,可实现高效清洁燃烧。目前在预燃室喷氢射流点火氨燃料还是空白。因此,车载氨裂解制氢技术和氨氢燃料混合比控制技术是氨燃料重型内燃机性能的关键技术。
为此,需要一种能够实现高效清洁燃烧、小型化、适于单一燃料的点燃式内燃机控制***及其射流点火装置。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种一体化制氢式射流点火装置及氨燃料发动机控制***,所述一体化制氢式射流点火装置为紧凑型和小型化装置,应用于点燃式内燃机。所述一体化制氢式射流点火装置内置小型化氨制氢装置,可实现氨燃料制氢,所制备的微量氢气足以满足在预燃室内腔中燃烧产生高速射流火焰,引燃主燃烧室内氨气-空气混合气,可实现氨燃料发动机高效稳定燃烧。其控制***可使氨发动机实现单一燃料运行,无需额外增加燃料供应***。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
本发明公开了一种一体化制氢式射流点火装置,包括预燃室、火花塞、空气喷射器和氨制氢装置;所述火花塞设置在所述预燃室内,所述预燃室的体积不超过发动机主燃烧室体积的5%,且所述预燃室底部开有射流孔;
所述氨制氢装置为立柱式氨裂解制氢反应器,所述氨制氢装置用于利用氨燃料产生60~150W的氢气当量能够满足预燃室内氢气的使用;所述氨制氢装置的顶部具有氨气进口用于进入氨燃料,其底部依次连接一氢气蓄压腔和电磁阀,所述电磁阀与氢气蓄压腔连通;所述氢气蓄压腔的体积为3~5mL;所述电磁阀底部的喷嘴和所述伸入预燃室的内腔用于向预燃室内腔喷射氢气;所述空气喷射器的喷嘴伸入预燃室的内腔用于向预燃室内腔喷射空气。
进一步的,所述空气喷射器和氨制氢装置分别通过一个压紧螺栓固定于所述一体化制氢式射流点火装置的壳体上,所述压紧螺栓具有通孔且两端均具有螺纹,一端通过螺纹与壳体连接,用于固定空气喷射器或氨制氢装置,另一端用于连接气路,所述压紧螺栓的通孔用于将空气送入位于空气喷射器顶部的空气进口或是将来自低压氨燃料供给单元的氨气送入位于氨制氢装置顶部的氨气进口。
进一步的,所述氨制氢装置适用于船用内燃机预燃室装置。
一种单一燃料的氨燃料发动机控制***,包括低压氨燃料供给单元、点燃式氨燃料发动机和ECU;所述控制***能够使所述点燃式氨燃料发动机实现单一燃料运行;
所述ECU用于控制低压氨燃料供给单元和点燃式氨燃料发动机的元件,用于控制氨喷射器喷入主燃烧室的时刻,控制向预燃室喷射空气的喷气量和喷射时刻,氢气的喷射量和喷射时刻;
所述低压氨燃料供给单元用于向点燃式氨燃料发动机的氨喷射器和一体化制氢式射流点火装置提供压力范围为0.5~1.0MPa的低压氨燃料;
所述点燃式氨燃料发动机,包括缸套、设置在缸套顶部的发动机气缸盖和所述一体化制氢式射流点火装置,所述气缸盖顶部设置有进气阀、排气阀、氨喷射器和一体化制氢式射流点火装置;所述一体化制氢式射流点火装置和氨喷射器的喷嘴均伸入主燃烧室内;所述一体化制氢式射流点火装置的氨制氢装置接受来自所述低压氨燃料供给单元的氨燃料,制备能够满足预燃室使用的氢气,并喷入预燃室中;所述氨喷射器接受来自所述低压氨燃料供给单元的氨燃料并向主燃烧室内喷射氨燃料,而后被一体化制氢式射流点火装置产生的射流火焰点燃;所述缸套内设置有活塞;发动机缸盖与活塞共同组成主燃烧室;
所述控制***的工作过程包括:低压氨燃料供给单元制备的氨燃料分为两路,一部分经管道进入氨喷射器,一部分进入一体化制氢式射流点火装置的所述氨制氢装置中在催化剂的作用下裂解产生氢气,所述氨制氢装置产生的氢气在所述氢气蓄压腔中存储并蓄压,而后通过电磁阀喷入预燃室内腔,与空气混合后被火花塞点燃,产生射流火焰,发动机完成燃烧做功;其中,在所述电磁阀向预燃室喷氢之前,ECU调控空气喷射器先向预燃室的内腔中喷射适量空气,进行扫气,用于在预燃室中产生高强度射流火焰。
进一步的,喷入预燃室内腔的氢气的喷射量和喷射时刻由ECU调控所述电磁阀实现。
进一步的,所述低压氨燃料供给单元包括依次连接的氨存储罐、加热器、稳压罐和压力控制器,所述氨存储罐中装有液氨。
进一步的,一进气阀设置在进气通道内,一排气阀设置在排气通道内,且进气阀和排气阀分别设置在缸盖的左右两侧,所述进气阀和排气阀用于结合点燃式氨燃料发动机的节气门装置,改变进气量。
进一步的,所述氨喷射器为液氨低压喷射器。
进一步的,所述点燃式氨燃料发动机燃烧产生的余热用于供给氨制氢装置,促进制氢进程,或是单独安装电加热装置进行热量供给。
与现有技术相比,本发明的技术方案所带来的有益效果是:
1.通过采用该装置可使氨发动机实现单一燃料运行;同时,相较于机外车载氨制氢***,该设备结构更加简单,体型更加小巧,一体化程度更高;
2.一体化制氢式射流点火装置中预燃室的体积不超过发动机主燃烧室体积的5%,其产生的氢气能够满足预燃室内氢气的使用;通过采用该装置可使氨发动机实现单一燃料运行,无需额外增加燃料供应***;
3.在电磁阀向预燃室喷氢之前,ECU调控空气喷射器先向预燃室的内腔中喷射适量空气,进行扫气,用于提高预燃室内腔中氧含量,保障预燃室氢气稳定燃烧,进而产生高强度射流火焰,引燃主燃烧室内氨燃料,实现发动机高效稳定燃烧。
附图说明
图1是一种一体化制氢式射流点火装置的结构示意图;
图2是点燃式氨燃料发动机的结构图;
图3是氨燃料发动机控制***的示意图。
图中:
1:预燃室 2:火花塞 3:空气喷射器
4,7:压紧螺栓 5:空气进口 6:氨气进口
8:氨制氢装置 8:氢气蓄压腔 9:缸盖
10:电磁阀 11:活塞 12:主燃烧室
13:进气阀 14:一体化制氢式射流点火装置 15:射流火焰
16:氨喷射器 17:排气阀
18:气缸盖 19:缸套 20:电磁阀
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案、有益效果及显著进步更加清楚,下面结合本发明实例中所提供的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所有描述的这些实施例仅是本发明的部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例;基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
图3示出一种单一燃料的点燃式氨燃料发动机控制***,包括低压氨燃料供给单元、点燃式氨燃料发动机和ECU。所述控制***能够使所述点燃式氨燃料发动机实现单一燃料运行。
所述ECU用于控制低压氨燃料供给单元的压力控制器以及点燃式氨燃料发动机中的一体化制氢式射流点火装置、氨喷射器、空气喷射器。
所述低压氨燃料供给单元用于提供压力范围为0.5~1.0MPa的低压氨燃料,包括依次连接的氨存储罐、加热器、稳压罐和压力控制器,所述氨存储罐中装有氨燃料,所述压力控制器用于调整来自稳压罐中的氨燃料,所述氨燃料可以是氨气也可以是液氨。
如图2所示,所述点燃式氨燃料发动机,包括缸套19、设置在缸套1顶部的发动机气缸盖18和一体化制氢式射流点火装置14,所述气缸盖18顶部设置有进气阀13、排气阀17、氨喷射器16和一体化制氢式射流点火装置14;所述进气阀13设置在进气通道内,所述排气阀17设置在排气通道内,所述进气阀13和排气阀17用于结合氨燃料发动机的节气门装置,改变进气量。且进气阀3和排气阀17分别设置在缸盖的左右两侧,所述氨喷射器16和一体化制氢式射流点火装置14设置在所述进气阀3和排气阀17之间,所述一体化制氢式射流点火装置14和氨喷射器16的喷嘴伸入主燃烧室12内部;所述氨喷射器16可向主燃烧室12内喷射氨燃料,而后被一体化制氢式射流点火装置14产生的射流火焰15点燃,且所述氨喷射器16为液氨低压喷射器。所述缸套19内设置有活塞11;发动机缸盖与活塞11共同组成主燃烧室12,且所述湍流射流点火装置5位于主燃烧室正上方。
所述一体化制氢式射流点火装置14可通过螺纹中置安装于所述气缸盖18上。其中,一体化制氢式射流点火装置14和氨喷射器16安装角度可灵活布置,优选一体化制氢式射流点火装置14与所述氨喷射器16的喷嘴形成45度夹角。
如图1所示,所述一体化制氢式射流点火装置包括一壳体,所述壳体底部通过螺纹安装于发动机缸盖18上;所述壳体内设置有预燃室1、火花塞2、空气喷射器3和氨制氢装置8;所述壳体下部形成所述预燃室1,一火花塞2设置在所述预燃室1内,所述预燃室1的体积不超过主燃烧室体积的5%,故预燃室只需要极少量氢气。所述空气喷射器3和氨制氢装置8分别通过一个压紧螺栓4,7固定于所述壳体上,所述压紧螺栓4,7具有通孔且两端均具有螺纹,一端通过螺纹与壳体连接,用于固定空气喷射器3或氨制氢装置8,另一端用于连接气路,所述压紧螺栓的通孔用于将空气送入位于空气喷射器3顶部的空气进口5或是将来自低压氨燃料供给单元的氨气送入位于氨制氢装置8顶部的氨气进口6。
所述空气喷射器3的喷嘴伸入预燃室1的内腔用于向预燃室内腔喷射空气;所述壳体底部(即所述预燃室底部)开有射流孔,所述射流孔用于实现火焰加速传播,提高燃烧速率,进而提高发动机的经济性。所述氨制氢装置8为立柱式氨裂解制氢反应器,所述氨制氢装置能够直接产生60~150W氢气(相当于60~150瓦电力的氢当量),满足预燃室内微量氢气的使用。所述氨制氢装置同样可以用在目前的所有预燃室装置内,尤其是大型船用内燃机预燃室装置。所述氨制氢装置8的底部依次连接一氢气蓄压腔9和电磁阀10;所述氢气蓄压腔9为小型蓄压腔,其体积为3~5mL,用于存储氢气;所述电磁阀10底部的喷嘴伸入预燃室1的内腔用于向预燃室内腔喷射氢气,所述电磁阀与氢气蓄压腔连通。
结合图3,所述控制***的工作过程为:
氨存储罐中的氨燃料依次流经加热器、稳压罐和压力控制器,ECU调控所述压力控制器中氨燃料的压力为0.5~1.0MPa,随后氨燃料分为两路,一部分经管道进入氨喷射器16随后ECU控制其直喷入主燃烧室12的时刻,一部分氨气经由所述氨气进口6进入一体化制氢式射流点火装置14的所述氨制氢装置8中,在催化剂的作用下裂解产生氢气,所述氨制氢装置8产生的氢气在所述氢气蓄压腔9中存储并蓄压,而后通过电磁阀10喷入预燃室内腔,与空气混合后被火花塞2点燃,产生射流火焰15,来自氨喷射器的氨燃料直接喷入主燃烧室,与缸内空气混合后被射流火焰15点燃,发动机完成燃烧做功。同时发动机燃烧产生的热量可供给氨制氢装置,提高其工作效率,热量不充足的情况下可通过外部安装电加热装置进行热量补偿。图3中虚线表示ECU接收或发出的信号的传递路线。
其中,预燃室内混合气浓度取决于氢气的喷射量,而氢气的喷射量和喷射时刻由电磁阀10控制;另外,为防止废气或主燃烧室12中氨气进入预燃室对预燃室燃烧产生影响,ECU调控空气喷射器3在氢气喷射前首先向预燃室1的内腔中喷射适量空气,进行扫气过程,以提高预燃室内腔中氧含量,保障预燃室氢气稳定燃烧,进而产生高强度射流火焰,引燃主燃烧室12内氨燃料,实现发动机高效稳定燃烧。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非是对其的限制,尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换,而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围,本领域技术人员根据本说明书内容所做出的非本质改进和调整或者替换,均属本发明所要求保护的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种一体化制氢式射流点火装置,包括预燃室(1)、火花塞(2)、空气喷射器(3),所述火花塞(2)设置在所述预燃室(1)内;其特征在于,所述装置还包括氨制氢装置(8);所述预燃室(1)的体积不超过发动机主燃烧室(12)体积的5%,且所述预燃室(1)底部开有射流孔;
所述氨制氢装置(8)为立柱式氨裂解制氢反应器,所述氨制氢装置(8)用于利用氨燃料产生60~150W的氢气当量能够满足预燃室内氢气的使用;所述氨制氢装置(8)的顶部具有氨气进口用于流入氨燃料;底部依次连接一氢气蓄压腔(9)和电磁阀(10),所述电磁阀(10)与氢气蓄压腔(9)连通;所述氢气蓄压腔(9)的体积为3~5mL;所述电磁阀(10)底部的喷嘴和所述伸入预燃室(1)的内腔用于向预燃室内腔喷射氢气;所述空气喷射器(3)的喷嘴伸入预燃室(1)的内腔用于向预燃室内腔喷射空气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一体化制氢式射流点火装置,其特征在于,所述空气喷射器(3)和氨制氢装置(8)分别通过一个压紧螺栓(4,7)固定于所述一体化制氢式射流点火装置的壳体上,所述压紧螺栓(4,7)具有通孔且两端均具有螺纹,一端通过螺纹与壳体连接,用于固定空气喷射器(3)或氨制氢装置(8),另一端用于连接气路,所述压紧螺栓的通孔用于将空气送入位于空气喷射器(3)顶部的空气进口(5)或是将来自低压氨燃料供给单元的氨气送入位于氨制氢装置(8)顶部的氨气进口(6)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一体化制氢式射流点火装置,其特征在于,所述氨制氢装置(8)适用于船用内燃机预燃室装置。
4.一种单一燃料的氨燃料发动机控制***,其特征在于,包括低压氨燃料供给单元、点燃式氨燃料发动机和ECU;所述控制***能够使所述点燃式氨燃料发动机实现单一燃料运行;
所述ECU用于控制低压氨燃料供给单元和点燃式氨燃料发动机的元件,用于控制氨喷射器16喷入主燃烧室12的时刻,控制向预燃室喷射空气的喷气量和喷射时刻,氢气的喷射量和喷射时刻;
所述低压氨燃料供给单元用于向点燃式氨燃料发动机的氨喷射器和一体化制氢式射流点火装置提供压力范围为0.5~1.0MPa的低压氨燃料;
所述点燃式氨燃料发动机,包括缸套(19)、设置在缸套(19)顶部的发动机气缸盖(18)和如权利要求1所述的一体化制氢式射流点火装置(14),所述气缸盖(18)顶部设置有进气阀(13)、排气阀(17)、氨喷射器(16)和一体化制氢式射流点火装置(14);所述一体化制氢式射流点火装置(14)和氨喷射器(16)的喷嘴均伸入主燃烧室内;所述一体化制氢式射流点火装置的氨制氢装置(8)接受来自所述低压氨燃料供给单元的氨燃料,制备能够满足预燃室使用的氢气,并喷入预燃室中;所述氨喷射器(16)接受来自所述低压氨燃料供给单元的氨燃料并向主燃烧室(12)内喷射氨燃料,而后被一体化制氢式射流点火装置(14)产生的射流火焰(15)点燃;所述缸套(19)内设置有活塞(11);发动机缸盖与活塞(11)共同组成主燃烧室(12);
所述控制***的工作过程包括:低压氨燃料供给单元制备的氨燃料分为两路,一部分经管道进入氨喷射器(16),一部分进入一体化制氢式射流点火装置(14)的所述氨制氢装置(8)中,在催化剂的作用下裂解产生氢气,所述氨制氢装置(8)产生的氢气在所述氢气蓄压腔(9)中存储并蓄压,而后通过电磁阀(10)喷入预燃室内腔,与空气混合后被火花塞(2)点燃,产生射流火焰(15),发动机完成燃烧做功;其中,在所述电磁阀(10)向预燃室喷氢之前,ECU调控空气喷射器(3)先向预燃室(1)的内腔中喷射适量空气,进行扫气,用于在预燃室中产生高强度射流火焰。
5.根据权利要求4所述的氨燃料发动机控制***,其特征在于,喷入预燃室内腔的氢气的喷射量和喷射时刻由ECU调控所述电磁阀(10)实现。
6.根据权利要求4所述的氨燃料发动机控制***,其特征在于,所述低压氨燃料供给单元包括依次连接的氨存储罐、加热器、稳压罐和压力控制器,所述氨存储罐中装有液氨。
7.根据权利要求4所述的氨燃料发动机控制***,其特征在于,所述进气阀(13)设置在进气通道内,所述排气阀(17)设置在排气通道内,且进气阀(13)和排气阀(17)分别设置在缸盖的左右两侧,所述进气阀和排气阀用于结合点燃式氨燃料发动机的节气门装置,改变进气量。
8.根据权利要求4所述的氨燃料发动机控制***,其特征在于,所述氨喷射器为液氨低压喷射器。
9.根据权利要求4所述的氨燃料发动机控制***,其特征在于,所述点燃式氨燃料发动机燃烧产生的余热用于供给氨制氢装置,促进制氢进程,或是单独安装电加热装置进行热量供给。
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