CN1152275A - 耐电晕特性优异的薄膜及以该薄膜作为绝缘材料的绝缘电线、绕组和电动机 - Google Patents
耐电晕特性优异的薄膜及以该薄膜作为绝缘材料的绝缘电线、绕组和电动机 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1152275A CN1152275A CN96190122A CN96190122A CN1152275A CN 1152275 A CN1152275 A CN 1152275A CN 96190122 A CN96190122 A CN 96190122A CN 96190122 A CN96190122 A CN 96190122A CN 1152275 A CN1152275 A CN 1152275A
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- Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
Abstract
本发明的目的是以低成本提供耐电晕特性优异的塑料薄膜,而不降低薄膜的机械强度,进一步提供满足电气化铁路用车辆的高速化、高加速减速化等要求的绝缘电线、绕组及电动机。图1示出的与本发明有关的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜10,是在基体薄膜12的至少一个表面上层叠导热系数为2W/m·K以上、最好在6W/m·K以上,而15W/m·K以上则更好的无机化合物或无机物而形成高导热层14。另外,与本发明有关的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜的其他实施例,薄膜的至少一侧表面的表面电阻在1013Ω以下、最好是在1012Ω以下,且体积电阻率在1014Ω·cm以上、最好是在1015Ω·cm以上,如用该图1说明,则该耐电晕特性优异的薄膜10,在其基体薄膜12的至少一个表面上层叠无机化合物或无机物而形成具有规定电阻的低电阻层14。采用这种结构,能以低成本提供耐电晕特性优异的塑料薄膜,而不降低薄膜的机械强度,并且,提供以该薄膜为绝缘材料的耐电晕特性优异的绝缘电线、绕组及电动机。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及耐电晕特性优异的薄膜及以该薄膜作为绝缘材料的绝缘电线、绕组和电动机。详细地说,是涉及近年来以车辆用电动机交流化为背景而开始受到重视的耐电晕特性得到改善的塑料薄膜及采用该薄膜制作的构成符合电气化铁路用车辆高速化、高加速减速化等的等级的绝缘***、电动机部件的绝缘电线、绕组以及采用该绕组制作的电动机,尤其是车辆用高压电动机。背景技术
电气化铁路用车辆的高速化、高加速减速化等要求日益强烈,作为主电动机希望不断地大容量化、小型轻量化。该主电动机的大容量化、小型轻量化,因结构简单化、磁性材料性能提高、绝缘材料耐热及耐压特性提高等而加快发展着。特别是,与悬挂式主电动机的万向架装主电动机出现以后的大容量化、小型轻量化与绝缘技术的进步有密切关系,近年来开发了众多的、展示优异特性的绝缘材料,由于使用该绝缘材料而推进了主电动机的大容量化、小型轻量化。作为一例,在七十年代以后,由于将聚酰亚胺薄膜等超耐热性树脂作为绝缘材料使用因而可采用H类绝缘,因而在转矩方面有了大幅度地提高。
可是,作为对这种绝缘材料所要求的特性方面,除了耐热性是必不可少的以外,还可举出在宽的温度范围内具备稳定的机械、电气特性。具体地说,还要评价材料抗拉强度-热老化特性、绝缘击穿强度-热老化特性等。此外,在对绝缘材料要求的特性方面还有耐电晕特性,耐电晕特性近年来以车辆用电动机交流化为背景而开始受到特别的重视。该交流电动机化与直流电动机相比,由于能使电动机小型化、能提高转数、其结果是能提高转矩、而且易于维修等,所以正进行着研制开发。作为所采用的绝缘电线或绕组的绝缘材料,希望不仅耐热性优异、且机械、电气特性稳定,而且耐电晕特性也是优异的。
聚酰亚胺薄膜,除耐热性以外,在上述机械、电气特性上也具备优异的结果,作为主电动机的绝缘材料使用能令人满意,但其耐电晕特性就未必能获得满意的结果。因此,为改善聚酰亚胺薄膜的耐电晕特性,采取了各种方法。
作为提高耐电晕特性的相应手段,例如可实施将云母与聚酰亚胺薄膜复层粘合,或在聚酰亚胺薄膜内分散云母、氧化铝、二氧化硅等作为填充物的方法。
但是,将云母与塑料薄膜迭层粘合后的薄膜,除迭层云母本身是有效的之外,存在着在与塑料粘合时使用的粘合剂的可靠性低、及因加工工序增加而使成本提高的问题。
另外,在塑料薄膜内分散填充物时,会在制造薄膜时因更换品种造成困难,存在着关系到产品成本增加的问题。具体地说,特别以塑料薄膜是聚酰亚胺薄膜的情况为例加以说明,则其制造过程如图9所示,首先,将聚酰亚胺前期原料及填充物投入反应釜1,经过合成与聚合,然后导入清漆中间罐2,接着,在将清漆中间罐2内将清漆与反应固化剂在混合器3中混合,到此为止,需要一个所谓薄膜注塑的非常长的工序。所以当更换添加的填充物的品种时,在设备清洗等的过程中将会产生极大的机械损耗。其结果是,导致薄膜成本增加,在采用聚酰亚胺薄膜作为绝缘材料使用时,这种情况将造成很大的问题。
再有,如在薄膜中添加更多的填充物则耐电晕特性提高,但存在薄膜机械强度降低的问题。根据添加的填充物种类其添加量的多少虽然不同,但在聚酰亚胺薄膜内添加平均粒径为几10nm的氧化铝时,其添加的极限为20wt%左右。因此,在添加填充物的方法中,不能大幅度地改善薄膜的耐电晕特性。
此外,作为现有技术,有通过涂布15~20μm厚的散热性优良的涂层改进散热性或耐电晕特性的特开平4-122783号及特开昭50-66534。然而,就这些技术中所用的涂层厚度而言,例如使用上述施加了涂层的薄膜绝缘带电线后的绝缘电线或具有绝缘性的绕组等时,因上述薄膜较厚,如用绝缘带线材则会使整个绝缘电线或绕组等体积增大。因此,虽然要求更薄一些、但却仍然要求以耐电晕特性为主的优异的电气特性,然而出于设计方面的原因,在所需要的最新小型高输出电动机的使用方面存在困难。
因此,本发明者们为解决上述现有的问题,并鉴于上述市场要求,在本申请中以大力改进上述各项技术为目的进行了多次反复的锐意研究,结果是完成了本发明。即,在保持作为绝缘材料的基体材料,即塑料薄膜(例如聚酰亚胺薄膜)的机械强度、绝缘性的同时,还进一步增加了优异的耐电晕特性,而且还考虑到不使基体厚度有很大改变的薄膜的问题。因此,通过采用这种薄膜,能以低成本提供适用于对最新绝缘材料要求的小型、高输出化的薄膜材料,进一步提供满足电气化铁路用车辆的高速化、高加速减速化等要求的绝缘电线、绕组和电动机。发明的公开
与本发明有关的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜的要点在于:在基体薄膜的至少一个表面上层叠导热系数为2W/m·K以上的无机化合物或无机物。
尤其是,在涉及到这种耐电晕特性优异的薄膜方面,上述无机化合物或无机物的导热系数最好在6W/m·K以上,而15W/m·K以上则更好。
另外,在涉及到这种耐电晕特性优异的薄膜方面,上述无机化合物或无机物是金属氧化物、氮化物、碳化物或硅化物中的任何一种。
与本发明有关的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜的另一关键在于:基体薄膜的至少一侧表面的表面电阻要在1013Ω以下,且体积电阻率要在1014Ω·cm以上。
与本发明有关的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜的又一关键在于:在基体薄膜的至少一个表面上形成显示1013Ω以下表面电阻的低电阻层,所得到的薄膜的体积电阻率在1014Ω·cm以上。
此外,在涉及到这种耐电晕特性优异的薄膜方面,上述低电阻层是在基体薄膜上层叠无机化合物或无机物而构成。
特别是,在涉及到这种耐电晕特性优异的薄膜方面,上述表面电阻最好是在1012Ω以下。而上述体积电阻率在1015Ω·cm以上。
在上述任何一项中所述的本发明的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜方面,上述基体薄膜就是聚酰亚胺薄膜。
其次,本发明涉及的绝缘电线的关键在于:是用上述任何一项中所述的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜绝缘带1根或多根电线构成。
本发明涉及的绕组的关键在于:将上述绝缘电线集束并用绝缘材料绝缘带该集束后的多根绝缘电线而构成。
另外,本发明有关的电动机的关键在于:是用上述绕组制成的。
本发明通过在基体薄膜的至少一个表面上层叠导热系数高的无机化合物或无机物层,或者将基体薄膜至少一个表面的表面电阻及体积电阻率调整到特定值,抑制薄膜表面的热蓄积,使耐电晕特性得以改善而又不致降低薄膜的机械强度。
薄膜(绝缘材料)的电晕老化,一般认为是以因电子·离子碰撞产生的自由基交联反应、因电晕产生的臭氧而引起的氧化老化、以及由焦耳热造成的热老化3种机理进行的,本发明者们则是根据抑制薄膜表面热蓄积的思路来改善薄膜耐电晕特性的。
即,作为抑制薄膜表面的热蓄积的手段,通过在基体薄膜的至少一个表面上层叠导热系数高的无机化合物或无机物作为高导热层,使薄膜表面的导热系数增大,从而抑制产生热的蓄积。另外,作为抑制薄膜表面的热蓄积的另一手段,还通过将基体薄膜至少一个表面的表面电阻及体积电阻率调整到特定值,不使其失去作为薄膜绝缘材料的功能,且能抑制因放电电子·离子碰撞产生热量,从而抑制产生热的蓄积。并且,由于抑制薄膜表面的热蓄积,所以不仅能抑制薄膜的热老化,而且能降低因自由基的交联反应、氧化老化等引起的薄膜电晕老化的反应速度,从而使薄膜的耐电晕特性得以改善。
另外,作为上述导热系数高的无机化合物或无机物,最好是金属氧化物、氮化物、碳化物或硅化物中的一种。这样的无机化合物或无机物与薄膜的粘附力好,容易层叠,所以能以使低成本得以实现,进而能获得展示非常优异的耐电晕特性的薄膜。
此外,为了将薄膜表面的表面电阻及体积电阻率调整到上述特定值,也可将薄膜表面直接作低电阻改性,但最好是在薄膜的至少一个表面上形成表面电阻小的低电阻层,该低电阻层可以通过层叠无机化合物或无机物而形成。在薄膜表面上形成的低电阻层的表面电阻最好为103Ω~1013Ω。为使薄膜具有绝缘材料的功能,其体积电阻率必须在1014Ω·cm以上。因此,可通过调整低电阻层的厚度及种类,将薄膜表面的表面电阻及体积电阻率调整到上述特定值,
将构成高导热层或低电阻层的无机化合物或无机物层叠在基体薄膜的一个表面上的方法,从成本等考虑,要以电子束加热法、离子镀敷法等一类的真空蒸镀法或溅射法等各种蒸镀法、及电镀法等最为适用,通过用蒸镀法及电镀法将无机化合物或无机物层叠在基体薄膜的一个表面上,能以在低成本的条件下改善薄膜的耐电晕特性。而当作为在薄膜表面上形成的低电阻层是导电涂料时,为改善耐电晕特性,必须使导电涂料的厚度在数十μm以上。
另外,如此获得的本发明的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜,其基体薄膜的机械强度并不降低,本发明适用于所有薄膜并能实现耐电晕特性的改善,特别是,采用以聚酰亚胺薄膜作为适合于本发明的基体时,能够得到在耐热性、机械和电气特性也同样优异的、适合于用作主电动机等的绝缘材料的薄膜。此外,聚酰亚胺薄膜在现有方法中改善其耐电晕特性时,其成本加大等问题非常突出,但采用本发明则可期望大幅度降低成本。
按照这种结构,本发明能以低成本提供耐电晕特性优异的薄膜,而不降低薄膜的机械强度,采用该耐电晕特性优异的薄膜制作的绝缘电线、绕组等,适合于用作交流电动机等对耐电晕特性有特别要求的电动机部件,采用该绕组的电动机尤其能实现车辆用电动机的大容量化、小型轻量化。附图的简单说明
图1和图2都是与本发明有关的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜一实施例的断面放大说明图。
图3是与本发明有关的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜用途例的说明图,该图(a)是用与本发明有关的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜制作的用于绝缘带电线的薄膜一例的断面放大图,该图(b)是与本发明有关的绝缘电线的制作工序放大斜视图。
图4是与本发明有关的绕组的一实施例的放大斜视图。
图5和图6都是用与本发明有关的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜制作的用于绝缘带电线的薄膜的另一例的断面放大图。
图7是在耐电晕特性评价中使用的测定装置的主要部分说明图。
图8是将图7中示出的测定装置的电极间进一步放大后的主要部分放大说明图。
图9是制造现有的耐电晕特性改善后的聚酰亚胺薄膜的制造过程说明图。实施发明用的最佳形态
以下,根据附图详细说明与本发明有关的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜、以该薄膜作为绝缘材料的绝缘电线、绕组及电动机的实施例。
图1示出与本发明有关的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜的一实施例,为能抑制薄膜表面的热蓄积,该薄膜10在其基体薄膜12的一个表面上形成高导热层14。该高导热层14是层叠导热系数为2W/m·K以上的无机化合物或无机物而形成的。上述无机化合物或无机物的导热系数最好在6W/m·K以上,而15W/m·K以上则更好,通过在基体薄膜12的表面上层叠如上所述的导热系数高的无机化合物或无机物而形成高导热层14,增大薄膜10表面的导热系数,使薄膜表面上蓄积的热量通过传热迅速逸散,从而改善耐电晕特性。
另外,如图2所示,也可以是在基体薄膜12的两面形成高导热层14的薄膜16,该薄膜16显示出比在一面形成高导热层14的薄膜10更为优异的耐电晕特性。
作为导热系数大的无机化合物,例如可列举出氮化硼、氮化铝、氮化硅、氮化锆、氧化钙、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化铍、氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化钍、碳化钛、碳化硅、硅化钼等。在层叠时,可单独使用这些化合物或使用莫来石(3Al2O3·2SiO2)、尖晶石(MgO·Al2O3)等的混合物,还可将数种无机化合物混合使用。此外,还可使用除上述以外的导热系数大的例如金属氧化物、氮化物、碳化物、硅化物等的无机化合物或无机物。
在薄膜的一面或两面形成高导热层的方法,没有特别的限定,但电子束加热法、离子镀敷法等一类的真空蒸镀法或溅射法等各种蒸镀法、及电镀法等,从成本等方面考虑最为适用。利用蒸镀法将如上所述的无机化合物层叠在薄膜的一面或两面上,可以得到如图1和图2所示的本发明的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜10或16。
作为与本发明有关的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜的另一实施形态,薄膜的至少一侧表面的表面电阻应在1013Ω以下,且体积电阻率也应在1014Ω·cm以上。为将薄膜的表面电阻及体积电阻率调整到上述值,例如,用图1进行说明,在基体薄膜的一个表面上形成显示上述表面电阻的低电阻层14,并调整在薄膜表面上形成的低电阻层14的厚度等,使体积电阻率达到1014Ω·cm以上。对于本发明的薄膜10,在薄膜表面上形成的低电阻层的表面电阻最好为103Ω~1013Ω。如表面电阻过小,耐电晕特性反而会降低。另外,为使薄膜具有绝缘材料的功能,其体积电阻率必须在1014Ω·cm以上。最好是使上述表面电阻在1012Ω以下,而使上述体积电阻率在1014Ω·cm以上,通过调整到这样的值,获得具有优异耐电晕特性的薄膜。
另外,当然也可以是如图2所示的在基体薄膜12的两面形成低电阻层14的薄膜16。
在本发明中,作为低电阻层14的形成方法,电子束加热法、离子镀敷法等一类的真空蒸镀法或溅射法等各种蒸镀法、及电镀法等,从成本等方面考虑也是最为适用的。用蒸镀法层叠时,制成可能的低电阻层14,例如可列举出一氧化硅、二氧化硅、氧化铍、氧化钙、氧化钛、铝、银、金、镍、钛、铬、铂、或镍-铬、铜-锌、sus等合金等无机化合物或无机物。但是,层叠铝、银等金属时,表面电阻值容易过小,为使表面电阻具有103Ω的值以改善耐电晕特性,必须仔细考虑蒸镀条件,从这一点来看,采用无机化合物的方法更为理想。而在上述无机化合物中,氧化硅(SiOx)具有最好的耐电晕特性改善效果,蒸镀时的成本也低。采用此法时,X为1.1~1.9。利用蒸镀法将这些无机物或无机化合物层叠在薄膜的一面或两面上,可以得到如图1和图2所示的本发明的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜10或16。通过利用蒸镀法将这些无机物或无机化合物层叠在薄膜的一面或两面上,可以层叠形成膜厚小的低电阻层14。
另外,在本发明中为形成该低电阻层14,最好是使用可用蒸镀法层叠在薄膜表面上的上述无机物或无机化合物,但除此以外也可使用例如导电涂料等。
在本发明中,对高导热层或低电阻层14的厚度没有限制,应根据作为高导热层或低电阻层14层叠的无机化合物或无机物的种类,在薄膜能起到绝缘材料作用的范围内适当设定。例如,作为高导热层14,如果用如上所述导热系数高的无机化合物按数百埃~数千埃的厚度形成,则显示出相当于现有薄膜约2倍以上的耐电晕特性,采用的无机化合物的导热系数越大,则层的厚度越厚,可获得耐电晕特性越优异的薄膜。而当在聚酰亚胺薄膜的一面上层叠二氧化硅作为低电阻层14时,如厚度为1000埃,则可得到表面电阻为1.2×1011Ω、体积电阻率为1.3×1016Ω·cm的薄膜,显示出相当于现有薄膜约1.5倍~2倍以上的耐电晕特性。如上所述,通过利用蒸镀装置形成无机化合物的薄膜,即使是数百埃~数千埃的非常薄的厚度,也能展现耐电晕特性的充分改善。
另外,作为基体薄膜12,可以使用所有的塑料薄膜,但使用聚酰亚胺薄膜最好。聚酰亚胺薄膜除耐热性以外,宽广的温度范围内的机械、电气特性也是优良的,所以通过耐电晕特性的改善可构成优异的绝缘材料。
按如上方法获得的本发明的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜,与未经处理的薄膜相比,具有非常优异的耐电晕特性,尤其是,采用聚酰亚胺薄膜作为基体时,不仅耐电晕特性优异,而且兼有聚酰亚胺薄膜本来就具备的优异的耐热性以及机械和电气特性,此外,由于能以低成本提供,所以能令人满意地作为近年来要求耐电晕特性的绝缘材料使用。
采用本发明涉及的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜作为绝缘材料使用时,例如,如图3(a)所示,形成由氟化乙烯树脂构成的粘结剂层18,以制作绝缘带用薄膜20,并使该绝缘带用薄膜20的形成高导热层或低电阻层14的表面朝向外侧,如该图(b)所示,将绝缘带绕在例如一根铜扁线外周上,可用来制作绝缘电线24。
在该绝缘带用薄膜20上,除了采用氟化乙烯树脂形成粘结剂层18之外,还可以采用环氧类、硅酮类、聚酰亚胺类等树脂。该粘结剂层18最好兼有与基体薄膜12相同的耐热性、机械及电气特性,特别是绝缘性应是优良的。
另外,如图4所示,也可将本发明的绝缘电线24多根集束,并用上述绝缘带用薄膜20包绕,然后在制作绕组26的用途中使用。这里所用的绝缘电线24,在包绕绝缘用薄膜20时,最好不在铜线22的外周形成凹凸外形,尤其是在集束后的绝缘电线24之间不应产生间隙等空间,如有凹凸,最好进行表面处理。
此外,如图4所示,绕组26可用本发明的绝缘带用薄膜20进行包绕,但是如果绝缘电线24采用的是本发明的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜,则也可使用其他绝缘材料作为绕组26的最外层表面的绝缘薄膜。
按如上方法制成的本发明的绝缘电线及绕组,会展现出优异的耐电晕特性,可适合于用作要求优异耐电晕特性的车辆用高压电动机等的电动机部件。
在这种用途中,如果是将绕组装在线槽中用绝缘清漆进行绝缘处理,可采用环氧类、硅酮类、聚酰亚胺类等作为绝缘清漆使用。由于用这些绝缘清漆进行绝缘处理对电动机的特性有很大影响,所以这些绝缘清漆也必须使用耐电晕特性优异的,在绝缘清漆中添加各种填充物的方法及绝缘清漆的预处理等亦必须作仔细考虑。
以上,说明了本发明涉及的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜、及使用了该薄膜的绝缘电线、绕组和电动机的实施例,但本发明并不只限定于这些实施例,例如,作为调整薄膜表面电阻及体积电阻率的装置,也可在基体薄膜的一面或两面掺入例如金属离子以获得规定的表面电阻及体积电阻率,构成本发明的薄膜10。
另外,也可构成按两层层叠高导热层14及低电阻层14的薄膜,或将用于形成这两个层的无机化合物或无机物混合后进行层叠。此外,还可以构成在基体薄膜的两面分别形成高导热层14和低电阻层14的薄膜。
另外,如果作为基体的聚酰亚胺薄膜显示出热熔合性,则在制作绝缘电线及绕组时,可不必形成如上所述的粘结剂层18而直接将本发明的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜10作为绝缘带用薄膜使用。
在图4示出的为制作绕组而在集束的绝缘电线外周绕绝缘带的用途中使用时,也可采用如图5所示的在两面形成高导热层或低电阻层14的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜16的一个表面上形成粘结剂层18后的绝缘带用薄膜28。
另外,也可以制作如图6所示的在形成了高导热层或低电阻层14的面上形成粘结剂层18后的绝缘带用薄膜30,当制作绝缘电线或绕组时将高导热层或低电阻层14置于内侧进行绝缘带。
此外,也可采用圆铜线制作绝缘电线,或者也可将多根铜线集束后绕上本发明的薄膜10,以形成绝缘电线。还可以采用其他材质的电线代替铜线,例如用超导材料构成的电线等,本发明在不脱离其宗旨的范围内可根据本行业人员的知识以进行了各种改进、变更、修正的形态加以实施。
以下,用实施例更具体地说明本发明,但本发明不受这些实施例的限定。实施例1
在ァピカル25AH(注册商标;聚酰亚胺薄膜,钟渊化学工业股份公司制)的一个表面上用电子束加热方式通过真空蒸镀层叠厚1000埃的氧化镁后形成高导热层,制成与本发明有关的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜。氧化镁的导热系数在373K下为36.2W/m·K。根据ASTMD2275规定的方法对制成的薄膜的耐电晕特性进行了评价。即,如图7、图8所示,使用将上部电极32和下部电极34按数百μm的间隔h设置的试验装置36,将作为试样的薄膜38置于其下部电极34上,当在电极间施加任意频率、电压时,测定直到试样38断裂的时间(分钟),并评价了耐电晕特性。
详细地说,作为试验装置36使用耐压试验机[SD-12型(东芝股份公司制)],其上部电极32为直径25.4mm、长25m、其端缘按2.5mmR切削的黄铜圆柱,下部电极34为直径75mm、长25mm的黄铜圆柱,电极间隔h为0.3mm。在环境气氛为23±1℃、60±5RH%的空气中,施加60Hz、1600V的电压,测定直到绝缘击穿的时间。将其结果与无机化合物的导热系数一起列于表1。
表1
实施例2
导热系数(W/m·K) | 形成层的状态 | 耐电晕特性(分) | |
实施例1234567比较例1比较例2比较例3 | 36.218.0同上同上15.36.52.0-18.018.0 | 一面/1000埃同上一面/2000埃两面/各1000埃一面/1000埃同上同上-5μm15μm | 15095110134907870405070 |
除作为形成高导热层的无机化合物使用了氧化铝以外,与实施例1相同,制作了本发明涉及的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜。氧化铝的导热系数在373K下为18.0W/m·K。与实施例1同样对制成的薄膜的耐电晕特性进行了评价,其结果与无机化合物的导热系数一起列于表1。实施例3
除高导热层的厚度为2000埃以外,与实施例2相同,制作了本发明涉及的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜。对制成的薄膜的耐电晕特性进行了评价,其结果列于表1。实施例4
除在薄膜的两面形成高导热层外,与实施例2相同,制作了本发明涉及的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜。对制成的薄膜的耐电晕特性进行了评价,其结果列于表1。实施例5
除使用氧化钙作为形成高导热层的无机化合物以外,与实施例1相同,制作了本发明涉及的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜。氧化钙的导热系数在373K下为15.3W/m·K。与实施例1同样对制成的薄膜的耐电晕特性进行了评价,其结果与无机化合物的导热系数一起列于表1。实施例6
除使用二氧化钛作为形成高导热层的无机化合物以外,与实施例1相同,制作了本发明涉及的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜。二氧化钛的导热系数在373K下为6.5W/m·K。与实施例1同样对制成的薄膜的耐电晕特性进行了评价,其结果与无机化合物的导热系数一起列于表1。实施例7
除使用氧化锆作为形成高导热层的无机化合物以外,与实施例1相同,制作了本发明涉及的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜。氧化锆的导热系数在373K下为2.0W/m·K。与实施例1同样对制成的薄膜的耐电晕特性进行了评价,其结果与无机化合物的导热系数一起列于表1。实施例8
在ァピカル25AH(注册商标;同上)的一个表面上用电子束加热方式通过真空蒸镀层叠厚1000埃的二氧化硅后形成低电阻层,制成本发明涉及的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜。与实施例1同样对制成的薄膜的耐电晕特性进行了评价,并且,根据ASTMD257测定了表面电阻(Ω)、体积电阻率(Ω·cm)。测定结果列于表2。
表2
实施例9
耐电晕特性(分) | 表面电阻(Ω) | 体积电阻率(Ω·cm) | |
实施例8实施例9实施例10实施例11实施例12比较例1比较例4 | 8022090120150400 | 1.2×10111.4×10112.5×10122.5×10122.5×10125.0×1016100 | 1.3×10169.0×10157.0×10157.0×10157.0×10157.0×10161.5×1013 |
在ァピカル25AH(注册商标;同上)的两面上,按与实施例1相同的方法,层叠厚1000埃的二氧化硅,制成与本发明有关的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜。与实施例8同样对制成的薄膜的耐电晕特性进行了评价,并且测定了表面电阻、体积电阻率,测定结果列于表2。实施例10
在ァピカル25AH的一面上,按与实施例1相同的方法,层叠厚200埃的氧化硅(SiOx),与实施例8同样,进行耐电晕特性评价及表面电阻、体积电阻率的测定,测定结果列于表2。实施例11
在ァピカル25AH的一面上,按与实施例1相同的方法,层叠厚1000埃的氧化硅(SiOx),与实施例8同样,进行耐电晕特性评价及表面电阻、体积电阻率的测定,测定结果列于表2。实施例12
在ァピカル25AH的一面上,按与实施例1相同的方法,层叠厚2000埃的氧化硅(SiOx),与实施例8同样,进行耐电晕特性评价及表面电阻、体积电阻率的测定,其结果列于表2。比较例1
对ァピカル25AH,与实施例8同样,进行耐电晕特性评价及表面电阻、体积电阻率的测定,测定结果列于表1、表2。比较例2
将在线性共聚的聚酯树脂中按40份分散平均粒径为数μm的氧化铝后的导热性涂料在ァピカル25AH的一面上涂布5μm厚。与实施例1同样对制成的薄膜的耐电晕特性进行了评价,结果列于表1。比较例3
将在线性共聚的聚酯树脂中按40份分散平均粒径为数μm的氧化铝后的导热性涂料在ァピカル25AH的一面上涂布15μm厚。与实施例1同样对制成的薄膜的耐电晕特性进行了评价,结果列于表1。比较例4
在ァピカル25AH的一面上,按与实施例1相同的方法,层叠厚1000埃的铝,与实施例8同样,进行耐电晕特性评价及表面电阻、体积电阻率的测定,其结果列于表2。工业应用性
与本发明有关的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜,兼有优异的耐热性、机械及电气特性、耐电晕特性,这种薄膜适合于用作绝缘电线、绕组等电动机部件的绝缘材料。特别是,采用这种薄膜的本发明的绝缘电线、绕组,适合于用作交流电动机等的要求耐电晕特性的电动机部件,电动机由于采用该绕组,尤其是能实现车辆用电动机的大容量化、小型轻量化,同时,能提供满足电气化铁路用车辆的高速化、高加速减速化等要求的电动机。
Claims (12)
1.一种耐电晕特性优异的薄膜,其特征在于:在基体薄膜的至少一个表面上层叠导热系数为2W/m·K以上的无机化合物或无机物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜,其特征在于:上述无机化合物或无机物的导热系数最好在6W/m·K以上,而15W/m·K以上则更好。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜,其特征在于:上述无机化合物或无机物是金属氧化物、氮化物、碳化物或硅化物中的任何一种。
4.一种耐电晕特性优异的薄膜,其特征在于:基体薄膜的至少一侧表面的表面电阻在1013Ω以下,且体积电阻率在1014Ω·cm以上。
5.一种耐电晕特性优异的薄膜,其特征在于:在基体薄膜的至少一个表面上形成展示1013Ω以下表面电阻的低电阻层,制成的薄膜的体积电阻率在1014Ω·cm以上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜,其特征在于:上述低电阻层是在基体薄膜上层叠无机化合物或无机物。
7.根据权利要求4至6中任何一项所述的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜,其特征在于:上述表面电阻最好是在1012Ω以下。
8.根据权利要求4至7中任何一项所述的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜,其特征在于:上述体积电阻率最好是在1015Ω·cm以上。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任何一项所述的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜,其特征在于:上述基体薄膜是聚酰亚胺薄膜。
10.一种绝缘电线,其特征在于:用上述权利要求1至9中任何一项所述的耐电晕特性优异的薄膜绝缘带包绕1根或多根电线制成。
11.一种绕组,其特征在于:将上述权利要求10所述的绝缘电线集束并用绝缘材料制成的绝缘带包绕该集束在一起的多根绝缘电线制成。
12.一种电动机,其特征在于:用上述权利要求11所述的绕组制成。
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PCT/JP1995/000310 WO1996026973A1 (fr) | 1995-02-28 | 1995-02-28 | FILM D'EXCELLENTE RESISTANCE A EFFET DE COURONNE ET CONDUCTEURS, BOBINES ET MOTEURS ISOLES l'UTILISANT COMME MATERIAU ISOLANT |
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CN1152275A true CN1152275A (zh) | 1997-06-18 |
Family
ID=14125678
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN96190122A Pending CN1152275A (zh) | 1995-02-28 | 1996-02-27 | 耐电晕特性优异的薄膜及以该薄膜作为绝缘材料的绝缘电线、绕组和电动机 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6194665B1 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP0760282B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1152275A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2185337A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69634941T2 (zh) |
WO (2) | WO1996026973A1 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
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CN102490426A (zh) * | 2011-11-25 | 2012-06-13 | 桂林电器科学研究院 | 耐电晕聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN103733276A (zh) * | 2012-06-11 | 2014-04-16 | 株式会社藤仓 | 氧化物超导电线材以及超导电线圈 |
CN103951967A (zh) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-30 | 苏州久鋐电子有限公司 | 绝缘耐高压薄膜材料 |
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GB9907527D0 (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 1999-05-26 | Alstom Uk Ltd | Improvements in electrical machines |
US6509665B1 (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2003-01-21 | Matsushita Electric Industial Co., Ltd. | Motor having stator with insulator of high heat-conductivity |
US20020142161A1 (en) * | 1999-12-10 | 2002-10-03 | Cynthia Grimes | Magnet wire having enamel with a boron nitride filler |
US6724118B2 (en) * | 2001-06-13 | 2004-04-20 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Electrical isolation layer system strand assembly and method of forming for electrical generator |
US6677848B1 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2004-01-13 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | High-voltage winding including double-sided insulating tape and associated methods |
JP4945880B2 (ja) * | 2002-12-16 | 2012-06-06 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | フラットケーブル被覆材及びフラットケーブル |
US7135639B2 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2006-11-14 | Siemens Power Generation, Inc. | Integral slip layer for insulating tape |
JP2008141122A (ja) * | 2006-12-05 | 2008-06-19 | Denso Corp | 樹脂モールド電子部品及びその製造方法 |
DE102008000073A1 (de) | 2008-01-17 | 2009-07-23 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Leiterstab für eine rotierende elektrische Maschine |
US8884476B2 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2014-11-11 | General Electric Company | Hybrid dielectric film for high temperature application |
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JP6373358B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-12 | 2018-08-15 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 平角絶縁電線、コイルおよび電気・電子機器 |
US9059616B1 (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2015-06-16 | Dantam K. Rao | Insulation system for a stator bar with low partial discharge |
CN104362786B (zh) * | 2014-11-25 | 2017-07-04 | 南阳防爆集团股份有限公司 | 200级低压电机散嵌绕组绝缘结构及其绝缘方法 |
WO2017208332A1 (ja) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-07 | 新電元工業株式会社 | コイル構造体及び磁性部品 |
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US5622769A (en) * | 1993-02-12 | 1997-04-22 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Ceramic circuit board having a thermal conductivity substrate |
DE69328687D1 (de) * | 1993-07-06 | 2000-06-21 | Toshiba Kawasaki Kk | Wärmeleitende platte |
US5677051A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1997-10-14 | Tdk Corporation | Magnetic recording medium having a specified plasma polymerized hydrogen containing carbon film and lubricant |
JP3325980B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-21 | 2002-09-17 | 三菱化学ポリエステルフィルム株式会社 | 積層ポリエステルフィルム |
-
1995
- 1995-02-28 WO PCT/JP1995/000310 patent/WO1996026973A1/ja active Application Filing
-
1996
- 1996-02-27 EP EP96903258A patent/EP0760282B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-27 DE DE69634941T patent/DE69634941T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-27 CA CA002185337A patent/CA2185337A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-02-27 EP EP04008627A patent/EP1454738A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-02-27 WO PCT/JP1996/000456 patent/WO1996026833A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1996-02-27 CN CN96190122A patent/CN1152275A/zh active Pending
- 1996-10-25 US US08/736,660 patent/US6194665B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102490426A (zh) * | 2011-11-25 | 2012-06-13 | 桂林电器科学研究院 | 耐电晕聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN103733276A (zh) * | 2012-06-11 | 2014-04-16 | 株式会社藤仓 | 氧化物超导电线材以及超导电线圈 |
US9418776B2 (en) | 2012-06-11 | 2016-08-16 | Fujikura Ltd. | Oxide superconductor wire and superconducting coil |
CN106205783A (zh) * | 2012-06-11 | 2016-12-07 | 株式会社藤仓 | 氧化物超导电线材以及超导电线圈 |
CN103733276B (zh) * | 2012-06-11 | 2017-09-26 | 株式会社藤仓 | 氧化物超导电线材以及超导电线圈 |
CN103951967A (zh) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-30 | 苏州久鋐电子有限公司 | 绝缘耐高压薄膜材料 |
CN103951967B (zh) * | 2014-04-30 | 2016-02-24 | 苏州久鋐电子有限公司 | 绝缘耐高压薄膜材料 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1454738A3 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
DE69634941T2 (de) | 2006-04-20 |
EP0760282A1 (en) | 1997-03-05 |
US6194665B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 |
WO1996026973A1 (fr) | 1996-09-06 |
CA2185337A1 (en) | 1996-09-06 |
EP1454738A2 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
WO1996026833A1 (fr) | 1996-09-06 |
EP0760282B1 (en) | 2005-07-20 |
EP0760282A4 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
DE69634941D1 (de) | 2005-08-25 |
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