CN115216594A - 一种1000MPa级低屈强比钢材热处理方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- JWVAUCBYEDDGAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Bi] JWVAUCBYEDDGAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种1000MPa级低屈强比钢材热处理方法,将热轧板坯置于加热炉中,在900‑950℃保温30‑60min进行奥氏体化,然后在150‑300℃淬火剂熔盐或熔融金属中以10‑20℃/s速度冷却淬火,并在淬火剂中保温30‑60min以获得马氏体组织,空冷至室温,之后将淬火后的钢板进行回火处理,回火温度200‑250℃,回火时间40‑80min,随后空冷至室温,再清理钢板表面。本发明可降低工件变形开裂的倾向。本发明节能环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及黑色金属制造领域,特别涉及一种1000MPa级低屈强比钢材热处理方法。
背景技术
在工程实践中,钢材屈强比通常被作为衡量结构安全性的一个重要指标,屈强比偏高则表示材料不易发生塑性变形,在发生塑性变形后很快就会断裂破坏;屈强比低的材料,在发生屈服后至断裂之前可以承受更多的塑性变形,增加了钢材的受力空间,可以充分保证结构的安全性,因此,低屈强比逐渐成为工程用钢材的衡量指标。而高强度高硬度的钢板,其基体组织一般为单一的板条马氏体,这类组织虽然可以使钢板获得极高的强度和硬度,但由于马氏体有极高的脆性,使得钢板的屈服强度和抗拉强度非常接近,即屈强比很高,难以发生塑性变形,成型性较差,无法应用于对成型性有一定要求同时对强度要求很高的领域。
公告号CN112143960A的发明专利公开了一种超高强度低屈强比的钢板及其制造方法,该钢板屈服强度为1000-1200MPa,抗拉强度为1700-2000MPa,屈强比为0.60-0.68,但其延伸率较低(≥8%),同时Ni、Mo含量较高(Ni:1.0-2.0%,Mo:0.2-0.8%),钢板成本较高。
公告号CN108315671A的发明专利公开了一种屈服强度1000MPa级低屈强比超高强钢及其制备方法,该专利使用离线淬火+低温回火处理,所得钢板屈服强度为1015~1190MPa,抗拉强度为1290~1400MPa,但其屈强比仍较高,为0.79~0.85。
公告号CN111910129A的发明专利公开了一种极低屈强比1200MPa级超高强度厚钢板及其生产方法,该钢板抗拉强度为1200~1250MPa,屈强比在0.72~0.75之间,但其轧后需进行两次淬火处理,且两次淬火相隔必须<36h,同时回火保温时间为175~200min,工艺较为复杂且能耗较大。
公告号CN112760560A的发明专利公开了一种1100MPa级低屈强比混凝土搅拌车用NM300耐磨钢及制备方法,该钢板抗拉强度≥1100MPa,屈强比<0.71,但延伸率较低≤15.5%。该发明采用的TMCP在线淬火工艺。
公告号CN112760560A的发明专利公开了一种1400MPa级低屈强比高延伸率冷轧超高强汽车用钢的制备方法,该钢板抗拉强度>1400MPa,屈服强度范围为500~900MPa,屈强比为0.4~0.6,但延伸率较低,在8~12%之间,同时因为该钢种加入了稀土元素,对冶炼设备的要求较高。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种1000MPa级低屈强比钢材热处理方法,节能环保。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案实现:
一种1000MPa级低屈强比钢材热处理方法,将热轧板坯置于加热炉中,在900-950℃保温30-60min进行奥氏体化,然后在150-300℃淬火剂熔盐或熔融金属中以10-20℃/s速度冷却淬火,并在淬火剂中保温30-60min以获得马氏体组织,空冷至室温,之后将淬火后的钢板进行回火处理,回火温度200-250℃,回火时间40-80min,随后空冷至室温,再清理钢板表面。
1000MPa级低屈强比高强钢材的化学成分按质量百分比为:C:0.1%-0.2%;Si:0.2%-0.5%;Mn:1%-3%;P≤0.05%;S≤0.003%;Cr:0.2%-0.5%;Ni:0.3%-0.5%;Nb:0.02%-0.04%;Ti:0.02%-0.05%;B:0.0005%-0.002%;Mo:0.2%-0.4%,余量为铁和不可避免杂质。
所述的热轧板坯厚度为30-50mm。
所述的熔盐质量百分比为:50%-55%硝酸钾;45%-50%%亚硝酸钠。
所述的熔融金属为熔融铋锡合金,质量百分比为:50-57%铋43-50%锡。
所述的清理钢板表面的具体操作为:
当使用熔盐冷却淬火时,空冷后的钢板用80℃以上热水冲洗钢板表面。
当使用铋锡合金冷却淬火时,空冷后的钢板通过压缩空气吹扫或激光清洗去除,铋锡合金后呈片状与工件剥离。
采用上述方法获得的1000MPa级低屈强比钢板,技术指标为:屈强比≤0.79,抗拉强度>1000MPa,延伸率≥15.5%。
与现有的技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明采用的离线淬火工艺能够更精准的控制开始淬火的温度,将奥氏体化的钢材淬入温度在Ms点附近的恒温淬火剂中保持一段时间,使工件心部和表面温度趋于均匀,使大部分奥氏体在等温的条件下转变为马氏体。然后取出空冷,在缓冷的条件下完成其余马氏体的转变。分级淬火的组织应力较小,可降低工件变形开裂的倾向。
熔融金属为低熔点合金淬火剂,铋锡合金比热容小(0.18J/(g·℃)),熔化时需要热量更少,更加节能。同时熔融金属在使用过程中不产生废气废渣,对环境更加友好。
附图说明
图1为实施例1钢材组织光镜图。
图2为实施例2钢材组织光镜图。
图3为实施例3钢材组织光镜图。
图4为实施例4钢材组织光镜图。
图5为实施例5钢材组织光镜图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所得到的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种1000MPa级低屈强比钢材热处理方法,将热轧板坯置于加热炉中,在900-950℃保温30-60min进行奥氏体化,然后在150-300℃淬火剂熔盐或熔融金属中以10-20℃/s速度冷却淬火,并在淬火剂中保温30-60min以获得马氏体组织,空冷至室温,之后将淬火后的钢板进行回火处理,回火温度200-250℃,回火时间40-80min,随后空冷至室温,再清理钢板表面。
1000MPa级低屈强比高强钢材的化学成分按质量百分比为:C:0.1%-0.2%;Si:0.2%-0.5%;Mn:1%-3%;P≤0.05%;S≤0.003%;Cr:0.2%-0.5%;Ni:0.3%-0.5%;Nb:0.02%-0.04%;Ti:0.02%-0.05%;B:0.0005%-0.002%;Mo:0.2%-0.4%,余量为铁和不可避免杂质。
所述的熔盐质量百分比为:50%-55%硝酸钾;45%-50%%亚硝酸钠。
所述的熔融金属为熔融铋锡合金,质量百分比为:50-57%铋43-50%锡。
所述的清理钢板表面的具体操作为:
当使用熔盐冷却淬火时,空冷后的钢板用80℃以上热水冲洗钢板表面。
当使用铋锡合金冷却淬火时,空冷后的钢板通过压缩空气吹扫或激光清洗去除,铋锡合金后呈片状与工件剥离。
实施例1
将热轧态的钢材(C 0.185%、Si 0.2%、Mn 3%、P≤0.05%、S≤0.003、Cr 0.5%、Ni 0.35%、Nb 0.02%、Ti 0.05%、B 0.0005%、Mo 0.3%)30mm厚,在加热炉900℃保温30min使其奥氏体化,之后在150℃熔盐(55%硝酸钾45%亚硝酸钠,熔盐的比热容1.55J/g·℃)中以12.76℃/s速度冷却,保温30min,空冷至室温,最后在200℃回火40min,并空冷至室温。85℃热水冲洗钢板表面。
此工艺下抗拉强度为1134MPa,屈服强度为875MPa,屈强比为0.77,-20℃冲击功为181J,-40℃冲击功为154J,延伸率15.5%,断面收缩率为70%。
实施例2
将热轧态的钢材(C 0.1%、Si 0.3%、Mn 2.2%、P≤0.05%、S≤0.003、Cr0.35%、Ni0.3%、Nb 0.03%、Ti 0.02%、B 0.0015%、Mo 0.2%)40mm厚,在加热炉920℃保温45min使其奥氏体化,之后在200℃熔盐(55%硝酸钾45%亚硝酸钠)中以11.71℃/s速度冷却,并保温45min,空冷至室温,最后在220℃回火60min,并空冷至室温。82℃热水冲洗钢板表面。
此工艺下抗拉强度为1080MPa,屈服强度为817MPa,-20℃冲击功为190J,-40℃冲击功为129J,屈强比为0.76,延伸率16.0%,断面收缩率为71%。
实施例3
将热轧态的钢材(C 0.2%、Si 0.5%、Mn 1%、P≤0.05%、S≤0.003、Cr 0.2%、Ni0.5%、Nb 0.04%、Ti 0.025%、B 0.002%、Mo 0.4%)45mm厚,在950℃保温60min,之后在300℃熔盐(55%硝酸钾45%亚硝酸钠)中以10.30℃/s速度冷却并保温60min,空冷至室温,最后在250℃回火80min并空冷至室温。85℃热水冲洗钢板表面。
此工艺下抗拉强度为1001MPa,屈服强度为787MPa,屈强比为0.79,-20℃冲击功为185J,-40℃冲击功为135J,伸长率为16.5%,断面收缩率为74%。
实施例4
将热轧态的钢材(C 0.16%、Si 0.4%、Mn 1.5%、P≤0.05%、S≤0.003、Cr0.4%、Ni0.4%、Nb 0.025%、Ti 0.03%、B 0.001%、Mo 0.25%)50mm厚,在加热炉900℃保温30min使其奥氏体化,之后在150℃熔融铋锡合金(熔点138℃)中,以20.59℃/s速度冷却,保温30min,空冷至室温,最后在200℃回火40min,并空冷至室温。振动去除表面铋锡合金薄膜。
此工艺下抗拉强度为1029MPa,屈服强度为779MPa,屈强比为0.76,-20℃冲击功为187J,-40℃冲击功为152J,伸长率为延伸率16.0%,断面收缩率为70%。
实施例5
将热轧态的钢材(C 0.18%、Si 0.38%、Mn 2.5%、P≤0.05%、S≤0.003、Cr0.25%、Ni 0.45%、Nb 0.035%、Ti 0.04%、B 0.0018%、Mo 0.35%)42mm厚,在加热炉920℃保温45min使其奥氏体化,之后在200℃熔融铋锡合金中以14.03℃/s速度冷却,并保温45min,空冷至室温,最后在220℃回火60min,并空冷至室温,敲击去除表面铋锡合金薄膜。
此工艺下抗拉强度为1037MPa,屈服强度为799MPa,屈强比为0.77,-20℃冲击功为186,-40℃冲击功为136J,延伸率为15.5%,断面收缩率为71%。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例子,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和基本精神的情况下对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变形,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (7)
1.一种1000MPa级低屈强比钢材热处理方法,其特征在于,将热轧板坯置于加热炉中,在900-950℃保温30-60min进行奥氏体化,然后在150-300℃淬火剂熔盐或熔融金属中以10-20℃/s速度冷却淬火,并在淬火剂中保温30-60min以获得马氏体组织,空冷至室温,之后将淬火后的钢板进行回火处理,回火温度200-250℃,回火时间40-80min,随后空冷至室温,再清理钢板表面。
2.根据权利要求1上述的1000MPa级低屈强比高强钢材的化学成分按质量百分比为:C:0.1%-0.2%;Si:0.2%-0.5%;Mn:1%-3%;P≤0.05%;S≤0.003%;Cr:0.2%-0.5%;Ni:0.3%-0.5%;Nb:0.02%-0.04%;Ti:0.02%-0.05%;B:0.0005%-0.002%;Mo:0.2%-0.4%,余量为铁和不可避免杂质。
3.根据权利要求1所述的1000MPa级低屈强比钢材热处理方法,其特征在于,所述的热轧板坯厚度为30-50mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的1000MPa级低屈强比钢材热处理方法,其特征在于,所述的熔盐质量百分比为:50%-55%硝酸钾;45%-50%%亚硝酸钠。
5.根据权利要求1所述的1000MPa级低屈强比钢材热处理方法,其特征在于,所述的熔融金属为熔融铋锡合金,质量百分比为:50-57%铋43-50%锡。
6.根据权利要求1所述的1000MPa级低屈强比钢材热处理方法,其特征在于,所述的清理钢板表面的具体操作为:
当使用熔盐冷却淬火时,空冷后的钢板用80℃以上热水冲洗钢板表面。
当使用铋锡合金冷却淬火时,空冷后的钢板通过压缩空气吹扫或激光清洗去除,铋锡合金后呈片状与工件剥离。
7.采用如权利要求1所述的方法获得的1000MPa级低屈强比钢板,技术指标为:屈强比≤0.79,抗拉强度>1000MPa,延伸率≥15.5%。
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