CN115215498B - Device, method and application for hydrogen isotope wastewater treatment and resource utilization - Google Patents
Device, method and application for hydrogen isotope wastewater treatment and resource utilization Download PDFInfo
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- CN115215498B CN115215498B CN202210920748.8A CN202210920748A CN115215498B CN 115215498 B CN115215498 B CN 115215498B CN 202210920748 A CN202210920748 A CN 202210920748A CN 115215498 B CN115215498 B CN 115215498B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D59/00—Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element
- B01D59/02—Separation by phase transition
- B01D59/04—Separation by phase transition by distillation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D59/00—Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element
- B01D59/28—Separation by chemical exchange
- B01D59/30—Separation by chemical exchange by ion exchange
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D59/00—Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element
- B01D59/50—Separation involving two or more processes covered by different groups selected from groups B01D59/02, B01D59/10, B01D59/20, B01D59/22, B01D59/28, B01D59/34, B01D59/36, B01D59/38, B01D59/44
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/047—Decomposition of ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B4/00—Hydrogen isotopes; Inorganic compounds thereof prepared by isotope exchange, e.g. NH3 + D2 → NH2D + HD
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
Abstract
The invention discloses a device, a method and application for treating and recycling hydrogen isotope wastewater, wherein the device comprises the following components: the exchange unit is used for carrying out hydrogen isotope exchange on the gas-liquid two phases to obtain heavy hydrogen ammonia gas and low heavy hydrogen saturated ammonia water; the rectification unit is used for separating the heavy hydrogen ammonia gas from the exchange unit to obtain low heavy hydrogen ammonia gas and heavy hydrogen liquid ammonia and separating the low heavy hydrogen saturated ammonia water from the exchange unit to obtain water with the heavy hydrogen content reaching the standard; and the decomposition unit is used for separating the liquid ammonia from the rectification unit to obtain heavy hydrogen and nitrogen. In the invention, the hydrogen isotopes in the water are exchanged into the ammonia gas in the modes of gas absorption, desorption and exchange, the process does not need a catalyst, the exchanged ammonia gas containing the hydrogen isotopes enters the rectifying unit, the rectifying process is operated at normal pressure, the operating condition is mild, the separation coefficient is large, the structure is simple, the energy consumption is low, the operation cost is low, and the safe, reliable and stable operation is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of isotope separation, and particularly relates to a device and a method for treating hydrogen isotope wastewater and recycling and application.
Background
Hydrogen in nature 1 H) Severe hydrogen 2 H) And extra heavy hydrogen 3 H) Forms of three isotopesHeavy and super heavy hydrogen are present, among other things, as trace atoms in research work in chemistry and biology. Based on minor differences in the physical or chemical properties of hydrogen isotopes, various treatments such as cryogenic rectification, chromatography, thermal diffusion, etc. have been developed. The liquid hydrogen cryogenic rectification process has the unique advantages of large treatment capacity, high separation factor and continuous operation, and is applied to the related fields of heavy water production, heavy water tritium removal and upgrading, fusion reactor deuterium-tritium fuel circulation and the like. However, the low-temperature rectification process of liquid hydrogen has the defects of large one-time investment and high measurement, control and safety requirements due to the use of the liquid hydrogen as a separation medium, and particularly, effective measures are needed to strictly control the retention when high-grade tritium is treated. In addition, the liquid hydrogen low-temperature rectification needs to adopt gas-phase catalytic exchange VPCE, or adopts liquid-phase catalytic exchange LPCE, or adopts combined electrolytic catalytic exchange technology (CECE) to convert hydrogen isotopes in water into isotope hydrogen, and then the rectification is carried out, so that the steps are more complicated, noble metal catalysts are needed, and the cost is high. Chromatographic methods, thermal diffusion methods and the like also require that the hydrogen isotopes are converted into hydrogen and then separated, and have high safety requirements. Therefore, it is important to develop a hydrogen isotope processing method with high efficiency, simple flow, safe operation and low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device, a method and application for treating and recycling hydrogen isotope wastewater, which are used for treating the hydrogen isotope wastewater by chemical exchange and rectification coupling and separating and purifying hydrogen isotopes.
In order to achieve the above purpose and achieve the above technical effects, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for treating and recycling hydrogen isotope wastewater comprises:
the exchange unit is used for carrying out hydrogen isotope exchange on the gas-liquid two phases to obtain heavy hydrogen ammonia gas and low heavy hydrogen saturated ammonia water;
the rectification unit is used for separating the heavy hydrogen ammonia gas from the exchange unit to obtain low heavy hydrogen ammonia gas and heavy hydrogen liquid ammonia and separating the low heavy hydrogen saturated ammonia water from the exchange unit to obtain water with the heavy hydrogen content reaching the standard;
and the decomposition unit is used for separating the liquid ammonia from the rectification unit to obtain heavy hydrogen and nitrogen.
Further, the liquid ammonia rectifying device of rectifying element includes condensation dryer, liquid ammonia rectifying column reboiler, heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank, liquid ammonia rectifying column condenser, liquid ammonia rectifying column reflux drum, liquid ammonia rectifying column reflux pump and heater, condensation dryer and liquid ammonia rectifying column intercommunication, liquid ammonia rectifying column is linked together with the liquid ammonia rectifying column reboiler, liquid ammonia rectifying column communicates with the heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank and communicates again to the decomposition element, the liquid ammonia rectifying column still communicates again to the entry of liquid ammonia rectifying column reflux drum through liquid ammonia rectifying column condenser and liquid ammonia rectifying column reflux drum intercommunication, and the export of liquid ammonia rectifying column reflux drum communicates again with the heater and communicates the ammonia buffer tank, and the export of liquid ammonia rectifying column reflux drum still is linked together with the liquid ammonia rectifying column.
Further, the decomposition unit comprises a heavy ammonia delivery pump, a heater I, an ammonia decomposer and a gas separator, and the heavy ammonia collection tank of the rectification unit is sequentially communicated to the heater I, the ammonia decomposer and the gas separator through the heavy ammonia delivery pump.
Further, the ammonia water desorption device of the rectification unit comprises an ammonia desorption tower, an ammonia desorption tower top condenser, an ammonia desorption tower reflux tank, an ammonia desorption tower reflux pump, an ammonia desorption tower bottom reboiler and a desorption water intermediate tank, the ammonia water desorption device of the rectification unit further selectively comprises an ammonia water feeding pump, the ammonia desorption tower top is communicated with the ammonia desorption tower top condenser and then is communicated with the ammonia desorption tower reflux tank, the ammonia desorption tower reflux tank is respectively communicated with a heater and the ammonia desorption tower through the ammonia desorption tower reflux pump, and the ammonia desorption tower bottom is communicated with the ammonia desorption tower bottom reboiler and then is sequentially communicated with a desorption water intermediate tank and a water aftertreatment device of the rectification unit.
Further, the water aftertreatment device of the rectification unit comprises a desorption water feed pump, a water aftertreatment tower condenser, a water aftertreatment tower reflux tank, a water aftertreatment tower reflux pump and a water treatment tower reboiler, wherein the desorption water intermediate tank is sequentially communicated with the desorption water feed pump and the water aftertreatment tower, the water aftertreatment tower is communicated with the water aftertreatment tower condenser and then sequentially communicated with the water aftertreatment tower reflux tank and the water aftertreatment tower reflux pump, the water aftertreatment tower reflux pump is directly communicated with the water aftertreatment tower, and the water aftertreatment tower is also respectively communicated with the water treatment tower reboiler and the hydrogen isotope raw water tank.
Further, the exchange unit comprises an ammonia buffer tank, an ammonia delivery pump, an ammonia absorption tower, a raw water delivery pump, a hydrogen isotope raw water tank, a saturated ammonia water tank and a saturated ammonia water delivery pump, wherein the ammonia buffer tank is communicated with the ammonia absorption tower through the ammonia delivery pump, the ammonia absorption tower is communicated with the saturated ammonia water tank and then is sequentially communicated with the saturated ammonia water delivery pump and an ammonia desorption tower of the rectification unit, and the ammonia absorption tower is also sequentially communicated with a condensing dryer and a liquid ammonia rectification tower of the rectification unit.
Further, the exchange unit comprises an ammonia buffer tank, an ammonia delivery pump, an ammonia absorption tower, a raw water delivery pump, a hydrogen isotope raw water tank, a saturated ammonia water delivery pump, an exchange tower and an ammonia water intermediate tank, wherein the hydrogen isotope raw water tank is communicated with the inside of the ammonia absorption tower through the raw water delivery pump, the ammonia buffer tank is respectively communicated with the ammonia absorption tower and the exchange tower through the ammonia delivery pump, the ammonia absorption tower is communicated with the saturated ammonia water tank, the saturated ammonia water tank is communicated with the exchange tower through the saturated ammonia water delivery pump, the exchange tower is communicated with the ammonia water intermediate tank and is communicated with an ammonia desorption tower of the rectification unit, and the exchange tower is also sequentially communicated with a condensation dryer and a liquid ammonia rectification tower of the rectification unit.
Further, a liquid distributor for realizing liquid spraying is arranged at the top inside the ammonia absorption tower and is communicated with the hydrogen isotope raw water tank, a liquid distributor for realizing liquid spraying is arranged at the top inside the exchange tower and is communicated with the saturated ammonia water tank.
The method for treating and recycling the hydrogen isotope wastewater adopts the device for treating and recycling the hydrogen isotope wastewater, and comprises the following steps:
the water in the hydrogen isotope raw water tank is pumped into a liquid distributor at the inner top of an ammonia absorption tower by a raw water conveying pump, water is sprayed downwards through the liquid distributor, ammonia in an ammonia buffer tank is pumped into a gas phase inlet at the bottom of the ammonia absorption tower by an ammonia conveying pump, gas-liquid two phases are contacted in the ammonia absorption tower, the ammonia is transferred into a water phase to obtain saturated ammonia water, the saturated ammonia water flows into a saturated ammonia water tank from a liquid phase outlet at the bottom of the ammonia absorption tower, the saturated ammonia water in the saturated ammonia water tank is directly sent into an ammonia desorption tower by a saturated ammonia water conveying pump or is firstly sent into an exchange tower for hydrogen isotope exchange and then is sent into the ammonia desorption tower, if the saturated ammonia water is the former, heavy hydrogen ammonia is obtained from a gas phase outlet at the top of the ammonia absorption tower, and is sent into a feed inlet of a liquid ammonia rectifying tower after being dried by a condensing dryer, if the ammonia is the latter, the saturated ammonia water in the saturated ammonia water tank is firstly sent into a liquid distributor at the top of the inside of the exchange tower by a saturated ammonia water conveying pump, then the saturated ammonia water is sprayed downwards by the liquid distributor, ammonia in the ammonia buffer tank is sent into a gas phase inlet at the bottom of the exchange tower by an ammonia conveying pump, the gas-liquid two phases exchange hydrogen isotopes in the exchange tower, heavy hydrogen ammonia gas is obtained from a gas phase outlet at the top of the exchange tower, the heavy hydrogen ammonia gas is sent into a feed inlet of a liquid ammonia rectifying tower after being dried by a condensing dryer, the liquid phase outlet at the bottom of the exchange tower is obtained to obtain low heavy hydrogen saturated ammonia water, the low heavy hydrogen saturated ammonia water in the ammonia water intermediate tank is directly sent into the ammonia buffer tank by a gas phase outlet at the top of the ammonia absorbing tower, and the low heavy hydrogen saturated ammonia water in the ammonia water intermediate tank is sent into an ammonia desorption tower by an ammonia water feed pump;
the gas-liquid two-phase is subjected to heat mass exchange in a liquid ammonia rectifying tower, heavy hydrogen ammonia is enriched at the bottom of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower, low heavy hydrogen ammonia is obtained at the top of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower, ammonia vapor at the top of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower enters a liquid ammonia rectifying tower condenser from a gas phase outlet at the top of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower, condensed liquid ammonia is collected into a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank, liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank is conveyed by a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux pump, one part of the liquid ammonia returns to a reflux port at the top of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower, and the other part of the liquid ammonia returns to an ammonia buffer tank after being heated and gasified by a heater;
part of ammonia liquid in the tower kettle of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower enters a reboiler of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower to be gasified to generate ammonia vapor, the ammonia vapor is returned to the tower from the bottom of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower to move upwards, and the other part of ammonia liquid is collected in a heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank;
the liquid ammonia in the heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank is conveyed by a heavy hydrogen ammonia conveying pump, preheated and gasified by a heater I and then conveyed into an ammonia decomposer for decomposition, and decomposed mixed gas is conveyed into a gas separator for separation to obtain heavy hydrogen and nitrogen;
in the ammonia stripping tower, the gas-liquid two phases are subjected to heat mass exchange, the top of the ammonia stripping tower is subjected to stripping to obtain purer ammonia, the bottom of the ammonia stripping tower is subjected to low-heavy-hydrogen water, the gas phase at the top of the ammonia stripping tower enters an ammonia stripping tower top condenser, the condensed gas phase enters an ammonia stripping tower reflux tank, liquid in the ammonia stripping tower reflux tank is conveyed by an ammonia stripping tower reflux pump, a part of the liquid returns to a reflux port at the top of the ammonia stripping tower and flows downwards, and the other part of the liquid returns to an ammonia buffer tank after being heated and gasified by a heater; part of the liquid in the tower bottom of the ammonia desorption tower is gasified in a reboiler at the bottom of the ammonia desorption tower, steam returns to the ammonia desorption tower from the bottom of the ammonia desorption tower, the other part of the liquid enters a desorption water intermediate tank, the liquid phase in the desorption water intermediate tank is pumped into a water aftertreatment tower by a desorption water feed pump, the two phases of gas phase are subjected to heat and mass exchange, water with the heavy hydrogen content reaching the standard is obtained at the top of the tower and can be directly discharged, water with higher heavy hydrogen content is obtained at the bottom of the tower, the gas phase at the top of the water aftertreatment tower enters a condenser of the water aftertreatment tower and is condensed and then enters a reflux tank of the water aftertreatment tower, the liquid in the reflux tank of the water aftertreatment tower is conveyed by a reflux pump of the water aftertreatment tower, part of the reflux port of the water aftertreatment tower flows downwards, part of the liquid is directly discharged, the liquid in the tower bottom of the water aftertreatment tower enters the reboiler of the water aftertreatment tower for gasification, and the other part of the water is returned to the original water tank of hydrogen isotopes.
The invention also discloses application of the device for treating and recycling the hydrogen isotope wastewater in low-grade heavy hydrogen wastewater treatment and purification and super-heavy hydrogen wastewater treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a device, a method and application for treating and recycling hydrogen isotope wastewater, wherein the device comprises the following components: the exchange unit is used for carrying out hydrogen isotope exchange on the gas-liquid two phases to obtain heavy hydrogen ammonia gas and low heavy hydrogen saturated ammonia water; the rectification unit is used for separating the heavy hydrogen ammonia gas from the exchange unit to obtain low heavy hydrogen ammonia gas and heavy hydrogen liquid ammonia and separating the low heavy hydrogen saturated ammonia water from the exchange unit to obtain water with the heavy hydrogen content reaching the standard; and the decomposition unit is used for separating the liquid ammonia from the rectification unit to obtain heavy hydrogen and nitrogen. The device, the method and the application for treating the hydrogen isotope wastewater and recycling the hydrogen isotopes are based on the ammonia rectification technology to separate and purify the heavy hydrogen, the hydrogen isotopes in the water are exchanged into the ammonia gas in the manners of gas absorption, desorption and exchange, no catalyst is needed in the process, the exchanged ammonia gas containing the hydrogen isotopes enters a rectification unit, the rectification process is operated at normal pressure, the ammonia gas is not required to be pressurized and liquefied, the device, the method and the application are simple in structure, low in energy consumption and low in operation cost, meanwhile, the operation condition is mild, the separation coefficient is large, and safe, reliable and stable operation is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below so that advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making clear and unambiguous the scope of the present invention.
The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
1-2, a device for treating and recycling hydrogen isotope wastewater comprises an exchange unit, a rectifying unit and a decomposing unit; the exchange unit comprises an ammonia buffer tank 1, an ammonia delivery pump 2, an ammonia absorption tower 3, a raw water delivery pump 33, a hydrogen isotope raw water tank 34, a saturated ammonia water tank 4 and a saturated ammonia water delivery pump 5, and optionally comprises an exchange tower 6 and an ammonia water intermediate tank 19; the liquid ammonia rectifying device of the rectifying unit comprises a condensation dryer 7, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reboiler 9, a heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank 10, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower condenser 15, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank 16, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux pump 17 and a heater 18; the ammonia water desorption device of the rectification unit comprises an ammonia gas desorption tower 21, an ammonia gas desorption tower top condenser 22, an ammonia gas desorption tower reflux tank 23, an ammonia gas desorption tower reflux pump 24, an ammonia gas desorption tower bottom reboiler 25 and a desorption water intermediate tank 26, and the ammonia water desorption device of the rectification unit also optionally comprises an ammonia water feed pump 20; the water post-treatment device of the rectification unit comprises a desorption water feed pump 27, a water post-treatment tower 28, a water post-treatment tower condenser 29, a water post-treatment tower reflux tank 30, a water post-treatment tower reflux pump 31 and a water treatment tower reboiler 32; the decomposing unit includes a heavy ammonia transfer pump 11, a heater I12, an ammonia decomposer 13, and a gas separator 14.
The hydrogen isotope raw water tank 34 is communicated with the inside of the ammonia absorption tower 3 through the raw water conveying pump 33, the top of the inside of the ammonia absorption tower 3 is provided with a liquid distributor for realizing liquid spraying, the liquid distributor is communicated with the raw water conveying pump 33, the ammonia buffer tank 1 is communicated with the ammonia absorption tower 3 through the ammonia conveying pump 2, the bottom of the ammonia absorption tower 3 is communicated with the ammonia water tank 4, the saturated ammonia water tank 4 is communicated with the saturated ammonia water conveying pump 5 and then is communicated with the ammonia desorption tower 21, the ammonia absorption tower 3 is communicated with the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 through the condensation dryer 7, the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 is communicated with the inlet of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux pump 17 through the liquid ammonia rectifying tower condenser 15 and the liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank 16 in sequence, the outlet of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux pump 17 is communicated with the heater 18 and then is communicated with the ammonia buffer tank 1, the outlet of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux pump 17 is also communicated with the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, the bottom of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 is communicated with the heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank 10, then is sequentially communicated with the heater I12, the ammonia decomposer 13 and the gas separator 14 through the heavy hydrogen ammonia conveying pump 11, the top of the ammonia stripping tower 21 is communicated with the ammonia stripping tower top condenser 22 and then is communicated with the ammonia stripping tower reflux tank 23, the ammonia stripping tower reflux tank 23 is respectively communicated with the heater 18 and the ammonia stripping tower 21 through the ammonia stripping tower reflux pump 24, the bottom of the ammonia stripping tower 21 is communicated with the ammonia stripping tower bottom reboiler 25, then is sequentially communicated with the water stripping intermediate tank 26, the water stripping feed pump 27 and the water aftertreatment tower 28, the top of the water aftertreatment tower 28 is sequentially communicated with the water aftertreatment tower reflux tank 30 and the water aftertreatment tower reflux pump 31, the water aftertreatment tower reflux pump 31 and the top of the water aftertreatment tower 28 can be directly communicated, the bottom of the water post-treatment tower 28 is respectively communicated with a water treatment tower reboiler 32 and a hydrogen isotope raw water tank 34.
When the exchange column 6 and the ammonia middle tank 19 exist in the exchange unit, the ammonia feeding pump 20 exists in the ammonia desorption device, the ammonia absorption column 3 is communicated with the exchange column 6, the saturated ammonia water tank 4 is communicated with a liquid distributor arranged at the top of the inside of the exchange column 6 through the saturated ammonia water conveying pump 5, the bottom of the exchange column 6 is communicated with the ammonia middle tank 19, the exchange column 6 is communicated with the ammonia feeding pump 20 through the ammonia middle tank 19 and then is communicated with the ammonia desorption column 21, and the top of the exchange column 6 is communicated with the condensing dryer 7 and then is communicated with the liquid ammonia rectifying column 8.
A method for treating and recycling hydrogen isotope wastewater comprises the following steps:
the water in the hydrogen isotope raw water tank 34 is sent into a liquid distributor at the top of the inside of the ammonia absorption tower 3 by a raw water conveying pump 33, water is sprayed downwards through the liquid distributor, ammonia in the ammonia buffer tank 1 is sent into a gas phase inlet at the bottom of the ammonia absorption tower 3 by an ammonia conveying pump 2, gas-liquid two phases are contacted in the ammonia absorption tower 3, the ammonia is transferred to a water phase to obtain saturated ammonia water, the saturated ammonia water flows into a saturated ammonia water tank 4 from a liquid phase outlet at the bottom of the ammonia absorption tower 3, the saturated ammonia water in the saturated ammonia water tank 4 is directly sent into an ammonia desorption tower 21 by a saturated ammonia water conveying pump 5 or is sent into an exchange tower 6 for hydrogen isotope exchange and then sent into the ammonia desorption tower 21, if the saturated ammonia water is sent into the ammonia desorption tower 6, heavy hydrogen ammonia is obtained from a gas phase outlet at the top of the ammonia absorption tower 3, and is sent into a feed inlet of a liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 after being dried by a condensing dryer 7; if the ammonia is the latter, the saturated ammonia water in the saturated ammonia water tank 4 is firstly sent to a liquid distributor at the inner top of the exchange tower 6 by the saturated ammonia water delivery pump 5, then the saturated ammonia water is sprayed downwards by the liquid distributor, the ammonia in the ammonia buffer tank 1 is sent to a gas phase inlet at the bottom of the exchange tower 6 by the ammonia water delivery pump 2, the gas-liquid two phases are subjected to hydrogen isotope exchange in the exchange tower 6, heavy hydrogen ammonia gas is obtained from a gas phase outlet at the top of the exchange tower 6, the heavy hydrogen ammonia gas is sent to a feed inlet of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 after being dried by the condensation dryer 7, the liquid phase outlet at the bottom of the exchange tower 6 is obtained as low heavy hydrogen saturated ammonia water, the low heavy hydrogen saturated ammonia water is collected in the ammonia water intermediate tank 19, the ammonia water obtained from the gas phase outlet at the top of the ammonia absorption tower 3 can be directly sent to the ammonia buffer tank 1, and the low heavy hydrogen saturated ammonia water in the ammonia water intermediate tank 19 is sent to the ammonia stripping tower 21 by the ammonia water feed pump 20;
in the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, gas-liquid two phases are subjected to heat mass exchange in the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, and heavy hydrogen ammonia is enriched at the bottom of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, so that low heavy hydrogen ammonia is obtained at the top. Ammonia vapor at the top of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 enters a liquid ammonia rectifying tower condenser 15 from a gas phase outlet at the top, is condensed into liquid ammonia, and is collected into a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank 16, the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank 16 is conveyed by a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux pump 17, one part of the liquid ammonia returns to a reflux port at the top of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, flows back downwards in the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, and the other part of the liquid ammonia returns to the ammonia buffer tank 1 after being heated and gasified by a heater 18;
part of ammonia liquid in the tower kettle of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 enters a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reboiler 9 to be gasified to generate ammonia vapor, the ammonia vapor is returned to the tower from the bottom of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 to move upwards, and the other part of ammonia liquid is collected in a heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank 10;
the liquid ammonia in the heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank 10 is conveyed by a heavy hydrogen ammonia conveying pump 11, preheated and gasified by a heater I12 and then sent to an ammonia decomposer 13 for decomposition, and the decomposed mixed gas is sent to a gas separator 14 for separation to obtain heavy hydrogen and nitrogen;
in the ammonia desorption tower 21, the gas-liquid two phases are subjected to heat mass exchange, the top of the ammonia desorption tower 21 is subjected to desorption to obtain purer ammonia, the bottom of the ammonia desorption tower 21 is subjected to low-heavy-hydrogen water, the gas phase at the top of the ammonia desorption tower 21 enters an ammonia desorption tower top condenser 22, the condensed gas phase enters an ammonia desorption tower reflux tank 23, the liquid in the ammonia desorption tower reflux tank 23 is conveyed by an ammonia desorption tower reflux pump 24, a part of the liquid returns to a reflux port at the top of the ammonia desorption tower 21 and flows downwards, and a part of the liquid returns to the ammonia buffer tank 1 after being heated and gasified by a heater 18; part of the liquid in the tower bottom of the ammonia desorption tower 21 enters an ammonia desorption tower bottom reboiler 25 for gasification, steam returns to the ammonia desorption tower 21 from the tower bottom of the ammonia desorption tower 21, the other part of the liquid enters a desorption water intermediate tank 26, the liquid phase in the desorption water intermediate tank 26 is sent to a water post-treatment tower 28 by a desorption water feed pump 27, the gas phase two phases undergo heat and mass exchange, water with the heavy hydrogen content reaching the standard is obtained at the top and can be directly discharged, water with higher heavy hydrogen content is obtained at the bottom, the gas phase at the tower top of the water post-treatment tower 28 enters a water post-treatment tower condenser 29, the condensed water enters a water post-treatment tower reflux tank 30, the liquid in the water post-treatment tower reflux tank 30 is conveyed by a water post-treatment tower reflux pump 31, a part of the reflux water flows downwards, a part of the liquid in the water post-treatment tower 28 is directly discharged, a part of the liquid enters a water post-treatment tower reboiler 32 for gasification, the steam returns to the water post-treatment tower 28 from the tower bottom of the water post-treatment tower 28, and another part of the liquid returns to a hydrogen isotope raw water tank 34.
The temperature of the reboiler 9 of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower is controlled to be-30 ℃ to-10 ℃, and the condensing temperature of the condenser 15 of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower is controlled to be-60 ℃ to-40 ℃.
The gas separator 14 in the present invention may be an adsorption separation column, a gas separation membrane, a single stage, or a multistage mode.
The invention can be used for treating and purifying low-grade heavy hydrogen wastewater and is also suitable for treating super heavy hydrogen wastewater.
In the invention, the mode of exchanging the ammonia gas and the hydrogen isotope water is not limited to the absorption tower and the exchange tower device adopted in the invention, and the invention also comprises the modes of dissolving the ammonia gas by adopting a dissolving kettle, exchanging and the like.
In the present invention, ammonia desorption is not limited to rectification desorption, but includes methods such as decompression desorption, gas stripping desorption, membrane separation, and the like.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the device for treating and recycling hydrogen isotope wastewater comprises an exchange unit, a rectifying unit and a decomposing unit; the exchange unit comprises an ammonia buffer tank 1, an ammonia delivery pump 2, an ammonia absorption tower 3, a raw water delivery pump 33, a hydrogen isotope raw water tank 34, a saturated ammonia water tank 4, a saturated ammonia water delivery pump 5, an exchange tower 6 and an ammonia water intermediate tank 19; the liquid ammonia rectifying device of the rectifying unit comprises a condensation dryer 7, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reboiler 9, a heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank 10, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower condenser 15, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank 16, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux pump 17 and a heater 18; the ammonia desorption device of the rectification unit comprises an ammonia feeding pump 20, an ammonia desorption tower 21, an ammonia desorption tower top condenser 22, an ammonia desorption tower reflux tank 23, an ammonia desorption tower reflux pump 24, an ammonia desorption tower bottom reboiler 25 and a desorption water intermediate tank 26; the water post-treatment device of the rectification unit comprises a desorption water feed pump 27, a water post-treatment tower 28, a water post-treatment tower condenser 29, a water post-treatment tower reflux tank 30, a water post-treatment tower reflux pump 31 and a water treatment tower reboiler 32; the decomposing unit includes a heavy ammonia transfer pump 11, a heater I12, an ammonia decomposer 13, and a gas separator 14.
A method for treating and recycling hydrogen isotope wastewater comprises the following steps:
the water in the hydrogen isotope raw water tank 34 is sent into a liquid distributor at the inner top of the ammonia absorption tower 3 by a raw water conveying pump 33, water is sprayed downwards through the liquid distributor, ammonia in the ammonia buffer tank 1 is sent into a gas phase inlet at the bottom of the ammonia absorption tower 3 by the ammonia conveying pump 2, gas-liquid two phases are contacted in the ammonia absorption tower 3, ammonia is transferred to a water phase to obtain saturated ammonia water, the saturated ammonia water in the saturated ammonia water tank 4 flows into a saturated ammonia water tank 4 from a liquid phase outlet at the bottom of the ammonia absorption tower 3, the saturated ammonia water in the saturated ammonia water tank 4 is firstly sent into an exchange tower 6 by the saturated ammonia water conveying pump 5 for hydrogen isotope exchange and then is sent into an ammonia desorption tower 21, the saturated ammonia water in the saturated ammonia water tank 4 is firstly sent into a liquid distributor at the inner top of the exchange tower 6 by the saturated ammonia water conveying pump 5 and then is sprayed downwards through the liquid distributor, the ammonia in the ammonia buffer tank 1 is sent into a gas phase inlet at the bottom of the exchange tower 6 by the ammonia conveying pump 2, the gas phase two phases are subjected to hydrogen isotope exchange in the exchange tower 6, heavy hydrogen ammonia is obtained from a gas phase outlet at the top of the exchange tower 6, the heavy hydrogen ammonia water is sent into a feed inlet of the rectification tower 8 after being subjected to drying treatment by a condensing dryer 7, the saturated ammonia water in the saturated ammonia water is sent into a liquid phase outlet at the bottom of the ammonia water tank 8 from the top of the ammonia water tank 6, the liquid phase outlet at the top of the ammonia water tank 19 is directly sent into the ammonia water 19 from the middle ammonia water tank 1 to obtain ammonia water in the middle ammonia water from the top 19 and the top of the ammonia water in the ammonia water tank 1 and the ammonia water is directly sent into the ammonia water from the top 19 from the top 1 by the ammonia water in the ammonia water tank and the ammonia water tank is sent to the ammonia water from the water 1;
in the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, gas-liquid two phases are subjected to heat mass exchange in the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, and heavy hydrogen ammonia is enriched at the bottom of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, so that low heavy hydrogen ammonia is obtained at the top. Ammonia vapor at the top of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 enters a liquid ammonia rectifying tower condenser 15 from a gas phase outlet at the top, is condensed into liquid ammonia, and is collected into a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank 16, the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank 16 is conveyed by a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux pump 17, one part of the liquid ammonia returns to a reflux port at the top of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, flows back downwards in the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, and the other part of the liquid ammonia returns to the ammonia buffer tank 1 after being heated and gasified by a heater 18;
part of ammonia liquid in the tower kettle of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 enters a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reboiler 9 to be gasified to generate ammonia vapor, the ammonia vapor is returned to the tower from the bottom of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 to move upwards, and the other part of ammonia liquid is collected in a heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank 10;
the liquid ammonia in the heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank 10 is conveyed by a heavy hydrogen ammonia conveying pump 11, preheated and gasified by a heater I12 and then sent to an ammonia decomposer 13 for decomposition, and the decomposed mixed gas is sent to a gas separator 14 for separation to obtain heavy hydrogen and nitrogen;
in the ammonia desorption tower 21, the gas-liquid two phases are subjected to heat mass exchange, the top of the ammonia desorption tower 21 is subjected to desorption to obtain purer ammonia, the bottom of the ammonia desorption tower 21 is subjected to low-heavy-hydrogen water, the gas phase at the top of the ammonia desorption tower 21 enters an ammonia desorption tower top condenser 22, the condensed gas phase enters an ammonia desorption tower reflux tank 23, the liquid in the ammonia desorption tower reflux tank 23 is conveyed by an ammonia desorption tower reflux pump 24, a part of the liquid returns to a reflux port at the top of the ammonia desorption tower 21 and flows downwards, and a part of the liquid returns to the ammonia buffer tank 1 after being heated and gasified by a heater 18; part of the liquid in the tower bottom of the ammonia desorption tower 21 enters an ammonia desorption tower bottom reboiler 25 for gasification, steam returns to the ammonia desorption tower 21 from the tower bottom of the ammonia desorption tower 21, the other part of the liquid enters a desorption water intermediate tank 26, the liquid phase in the desorption water intermediate tank 26 is sent to a water post-treatment tower 28 by a desorption water feed pump 27, the gas phase two phases undergo heat and mass exchange, water with the heavy hydrogen content reaching the standard is obtained at the top and can be directly discharged, water with higher heavy hydrogen content is obtained at the bottom, the gas phase at the tower top of the water post-treatment tower 28 enters a water post-treatment tower condenser 29, the condensed water enters a water post-treatment tower reflux tank 30, the liquid in the water post-treatment tower reflux tank 30 is conveyed by a water post-treatment tower reflux pump 31, a part of the reflux water flows downwards, a part of the liquid in the water post-treatment tower 28 is directly discharged, a part of the liquid enters a water post-treatment tower reboiler 32 for gasification, the steam returns to the water post-treatment tower 28 from the tower bottom of the water post-treatment tower 28, and another part of the liquid returns to a hydrogen isotope raw water tank 34.
The temperature of the reboiler 9 of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower is controlled to be-30 ℃ to-10 ℃, and the condensing temperature of the condenser 15 of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower is controlled to be-60 ℃ to-40 ℃.
Example 2
As shown in figure 2, the device for treating and recycling hydrogen isotope wastewater comprises an exchange unit, a rectifying unit and a decomposing unit; the exchange unit comprises an ammonia buffer tank 1, an ammonia delivery pump 2, an ammonia absorption tower 3, a raw water delivery pump 33, a hydrogen isotope raw water tank 34, a saturated ammonia water tank 4 and a saturated ammonia water delivery pump 5; the liquid ammonia rectifying device of the rectifying unit comprises a condensation dryer 7, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reboiler 9, a heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank 10, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower condenser 15, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank 16, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux pump 17 and a heater 18; the ammonia water desorption device of the rectification unit comprises an ammonia desorption tower 21, an ammonia desorption tower top condenser 22, an ammonia desorption tower reflux tank 23, an ammonia desorption tower reflux pump 24, an ammonia desorption tower bottom reboiler 25 and a desorption water intermediate tank 26; the water post-treatment device of the rectification unit comprises a desorption water feed pump 27, a water post-treatment tower 28, a water post-treatment tower condenser 29, a water post-treatment tower reflux tank 30, a water post-treatment tower reflux pump 31 and a water treatment tower reboiler 32; the decomposing unit includes a heavy ammonia transfer pump 11, a heater I12, an ammonia decomposer 13, and a gas separator 14.
The hydrogen isotope raw water tank 34 is communicated with the inside of the ammonia absorption tower 3 through the raw water conveying pump 33, the top of the inside of the ammonia absorption tower 3 is provided with a liquid distributor for realizing liquid spraying, the liquid distributor is communicated with the raw water conveying pump 33, the ammonia buffer tank 1 is communicated with the ammonia absorption tower 3 through the ammonia conveying pump 2, the bottom of the ammonia absorption tower 3 is communicated with the ammonia water tank 4, the saturated ammonia water tank 4 is communicated with the saturated ammonia water conveying pump 5 and then is communicated with the ammonia desorption tower 21, the top of the ammonia absorption tower 3 is communicated with the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 through the condensation dryer 7, the top of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 is communicated with the inlet of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux pump 17 through the liquid ammonia rectifying tower condenser 15 and the liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank 16 in sequence, the outlet of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux pump 17 is communicated with the heater 18 and then is communicated with the ammonia buffer tank 1, the outlet of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux pump 17 is also communicated with the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, the bottom of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 is communicated with the heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank 10, then is sequentially communicated with the heater I12, the ammonia decomposer 13 and the gas separator 14 through the heavy hydrogen ammonia conveying pump 11, the top of the ammonia stripping tower 21 is communicated with the ammonia stripping tower top condenser 22 and then is communicated with the ammonia stripping tower reflux tank 23, the ammonia stripping tower reflux tank 23 is respectively communicated with the heater 18 and the ammonia stripping tower 21 through the ammonia stripping tower reflux pump 24, the bottom of the ammonia stripping tower 21 is communicated with the ammonia stripping tower bottom reboiler 25, then is sequentially communicated with the water stripping intermediate tank 26, the water stripping feed pump 27 and the water aftertreatment tower 28, the top of the water aftertreatment tower 28 is sequentially communicated with the water aftertreatment tower reflux tank 30 and the water aftertreatment tower reflux pump 31, the water aftertreatment tower reflux pump 31 and the top of the water aftertreatment tower 28 can be directly communicated, the bottom of the water post-treatment tower 28 is respectively communicated with a water treatment tower reboiler 32 and a hydrogen isotope raw water tank 34.
The present embodiment can combine the ammonia absorption and ammonia exchange steps, with the absorption and exchange being accomplished simultaneously with the absorber.
A method for treating and recycling hydrogen isotope wastewater comprises the following steps:
the water in the hydrogen isotope raw water tank 34 is sent into a liquid distributor at the inner top of the ammonia absorption tower 3 by a raw water conveying pump 33, water is sprayed downwards through the liquid distributor, ammonia in the ammonia buffer tank 1 is sent into a gas phase inlet at the bottom of the ammonia absorption tower 3 by an ammonia conveying pump 2, gas-liquid two phases are contacted in the ammonia absorption tower 3, ammonia is transferred to a water phase to obtain low-heavy-hydrogen saturated ammonia water, the low-heavy-hydrogen saturated ammonia water flows into a saturated ammonia water tank 4 from a liquid phase outlet at the bottom of the ammonia absorption tower 3, heavy-hydrogen ammonia gas is obtained from a gas phase outlet at the top of the ammonia absorption tower 3, and the heavy-hydrogen ammonia gas is sent into a feed inlet of a liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 after being dried by a condensation dryer 7; the low-weight saturated ammonia water in the saturated ammonia water tank 4 is sent into the ammonia desorption tower 21 by the saturated ammonia water conveying pump 5;
in the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, the gas-liquid two phases are subjected to heat mass exchange in the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, and the heavy hydrogen ammonia is enriched at the bottom of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, so that the low heavy hydrogen ammonia is obtained at the top; ammonia vapor at the top of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 enters a liquid ammonia rectifying tower condenser 15 from a gas phase outlet at the top, is condensed into liquid ammonia, and is collected into a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank 16, the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank 16 is conveyed by a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux pump 17, one part of the liquid ammonia returns to a reflux port at the top of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, flows back downwards in the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8, and the other part of the liquid ammonia returns to the ammonia buffer tank 1 after being heated and gasified by a heater 18;
part of ammonia liquid in the tower kettle of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 enters a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reboiler 9 to be gasified to generate ammonia vapor, the ammonia vapor is returned to the tower from the bottom of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 to move upwards, and the other part of ammonia liquid is collected in a heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank 10;
the liquid ammonia in the heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank 10 is conveyed by a heavy hydrogen ammonia conveying pump 11, preheated and gasified by a heater I12 and then sent to an ammonia decomposer 13 for decomposition, and the decomposed mixed gas is sent to a gas separator 14 for separation to obtain heavy hydrogen and nitrogen;
in the ammonia desorption tower 21, the gas-liquid two phases are subjected to heat mass exchange, the top of the ammonia desorption tower 21 is subjected to desorption to obtain purer ammonia, the bottom of the ammonia desorption tower 21 is subjected to low-heavy-hydrogen water, the gas phase at the top of the ammonia desorption tower 21 enters an ammonia desorption tower top condenser 22, the condensed gas phase enters an ammonia desorption tower reflux tank 23, the liquid in the ammonia desorption tower reflux tank 23 is conveyed by an ammonia desorption tower reflux pump 24, a part of the liquid returns to a reflux port at the top of the ammonia desorption tower 21 and flows downwards, and a part of the liquid returns to the ammonia buffer tank 1 after being heated and gasified by a heater 18. Part of the liquid in the tower bottom of the ammonia desorption tower 21 enters an ammonia desorption tower bottom reboiler 25 for gasification, steam returns to the ammonia desorption tower 21 from the tower bottom of the ammonia desorption tower 21, the other part of the liquid enters a desorption water intermediate tank 26, the liquid phase in the desorption water intermediate tank 26 is sent to a water post-treatment tower 28 by a desorption water feed pump 27, the gas phase two phases undergo heat and mass exchange, water with the heavy hydrogen content reaching the standard is obtained at the top and can be directly discharged, water with higher heavy hydrogen content is obtained at the bottom, the gas phase at the tower top of the water post-treatment tower 28 enters a water post-treatment tower condenser 29, the condensed water enters a water post-treatment tower reflux tank 30, the liquid in the water post-treatment tower reflux tank 30 is conveyed by a water post-treatment tower reflux pump 31, a part of the reflux water flows downwards, a part of the liquid in the water post-treatment tower 28 is directly discharged, a part of the liquid enters a water post-treatment tower reboiler 32 for gasification, the steam returns to the water post-treatment tower 28 from the tower bottom of the water post-treatment tower 28, and another part of the liquid returns to a hydrogen isotope raw water tank 34.
Example 1 was followed.
Example 3
The heavy hydrogen abundance in the hydrogen isotope wastewater is 10%, the treatment capacity is 100kg/h, the operation is carried out at the normal pressure of 20 ℃, 51kg of ammonia gas is absorbed to obtain saturated ammonia water, after hydrogen isotope exchange is carried out on the saturated ammonia water and excessive ammonia gas in the exchange tower 6, the heavy hydrogen isotope ammonia gas enters the liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 for separation, ammonia gas with the heavy hydrogen abundance of 0.1% is obtained at the top of the tower, and returns to the ammonia buffer tank 1 to participate in the next batch of circulating absorption, exchange and rectifying separation, and heavy hydrogen ammonia with the heavy hydrogen abundance of 99% is obtained at the bottom of the tower. The heavy hydrogen ammonia enters an ammonia decomposer 13 and a gas separator 14 after being heated by a heater I12, and finally the heavy hydrogen and the nitrogen with the abundance of 99 percent are obtained.
Example 4
The content of overweight hydrogen in the hydrogen isotope wastewater is 1.5 multiplied by 10 8 Bq/L, the treatment capacity is 100kg/h, the operation is carried out at the normal pressure of 20 ℃, 51kg of ammonia gas is absorbed to obtain saturated ammonia water, and after hydrogen isotope exchange is carried out on the saturated ammonia water and excessive ammonia gas in the exchange tower 6, the overweight hydrogen isotope ammonia is obtainedThe gas enters a liquid ammonia rectifying tower 8 for separation, ammonia with overweight content lower than 100Bq/L is obtained at the top of the tower and returned to an ammonia buffer tank 1 to participate in the next batch of cyclic absorption, exchange and rectification separation, and the overweight hydrogen content of 1 multiplied by 10 is obtained at the bottom of the tower 11 The super-heavy hydrogen ammonia with the concentration of Bq/L or more is heated by a heater I12 and then enters an ammonia decomposer 13 and a gas separator 14, and finally super-heavy hydrogen and nitrogen are obtained.
Parts or structures of the present invention, which are not specifically described, may be existing technologies or existing products, and are not described herein.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes or direct or indirect application in other related arts are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a hydrogen isotope wastewater treatment and resource utilization's device which characterized in that includes:
the exchange unit is used for carrying out hydrogen isotope exchange on the gas-liquid two phases to obtain heavy hydrogen ammonia gas and low heavy hydrogen saturated ammonia water;
the rectification unit is used for separating the heavy hydrogen ammonia gas from the exchange unit to obtain low heavy hydrogen ammonia gas and heavy hydrogen liquid ammonia and separating the low heavy hydrogen saturated ammonia water from the exchange unit to obtain water with the heavy hydrogen content reaching the standard;
the decomposition unit is used for separating the liquid ammonia from the rectification unit to obtain heavy hydrogen and nitrogen;
the method for treating and recycling the hydrogen isotope wastewater comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that water in a hydrogen isotope raw water tank is sent to a liquid distributor at the top of the inside of an ammonia absorption tower, water is sprayed downwards through the liquid distributor, ammonia in an ammonia buffer tank is sent to a gas phase inlet at the bottom of the ammonia absorption tower, gas-liquid two phases are contacted in the ammonia absorption tower, ammonia is transferred to a water phase to obtain saturated ammonia water, a liquid phase outlet at the bottom of the ammonia absorption tower flows into the saturated ammonia water tank, the saturated ammonia water in the saturated ammonia water tank is directly sent to the ammonia desorption tower or is firstly sent to an exchange tower for hydrogen isotope exchange and then is sent to the ammonia desorption tower, if the saturated ammonia water is the former, heavy hydrogen ammonia is obtained from a gas phase outlet at the top of the ammonia absorption tower, the heavy hydrogen ammonia is sent to a feed inlet of a liquid ammonia rectifying tower after being dried by a condensation dryer, if the latter, the saturated ammonia water in the saturated ammonia water tank is sent to the liquid distributor at the top of the inside of the exchange tower downwards, the ammonia water is sprayed downwards through the liquid distributor, ammonia in the ammonia buffer tank is sent to the gas phase inlet at the bottom of the exchange tower, the gas phase outlet at the top of the gas phase in the exchange tower is directly sent to obtain heavy hydrogen ammonia from the gas phase outlet at the top of the ammonia stripping tower, the heavy hydrogen ammonia is sent to the middle of the ammonia gas phase tower after being dried by the condensation dryer, and is sent to the liquid ammonia gas phase in the middle of the ammonia tower is sent to the middle ammonia tower to the top of the heavy ammonia tower, if the heavy hydrogen ammonia is sent to the heavy ammonia gas is directly from the bottom in the ammonia gas tower in the middle ammonia tower, which is sent to the bottom in the ammonia gas phase tower is sent to the ammonia gas inlet at the top of the ammonia tower, and is sent to the ammonia gas phase in the ammonia tower;
the gas-liquid two-phase carries out heat and mass exchange in a liquid ammonia rectifying tower, heavy hydrogen ammonia is enriched at the bottom of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower, low heavy hydrogen ammonia is obtained at the top of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower, a gas phase outlet at the top of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower enters a condenser of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower, condensed liquid ammonia is collected into a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank, liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank returns to a reflux port at the top of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower, and returns to an ammonia buffer tank after being heated and gasified by a heater;
part of ammonia liquid in the tower kettle of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower enters a reboiler of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower to be gasified to generate ammonia vapor, the ammonia vapor is returned to the tower from the bottom of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower to move upwards, and the other part of ammonia liquid is collected in a heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank;
the method comprises the steps of preheating and gasifying liquid ammonia in a heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank through a heater I, then sending the preheated and gasified liquid ammonia into an ammonia decomposer for decomposition, and sending decomposed mixed gas into a gas separator for separation to obtain heavy hydrogen and nitrogen;
in the ammonia stripping tower, the gas-liquid two phases are subjected to heat mass exchange, the top of the ammonia stripping tower is subjected to stripping to obtain purer ammonia, the bottom of the ammonia stripping tower is subjected to low-heavy-hydrogen water, the gas phase at the top of the ammonia stripping tower enters an ammonia stripping tower top condenser, the condensed gas phase enters an ammonia stripping tower reflux tank, a part of liquid in the ammonia stripping tower reflux tank returns to the ammonia stripping tower and flows downwards, and the other part of liquid returns to an ammonia buffer tank after being heated and gasified by a heater; part of the liquid in the tower bottom of the ammonia desorption tower is gasified in a reboiler at the bottom of the ammonia desorption tower, steam returns to the ammonia desorption tower from the bottom of the ammonia desorption tower, the other part of the liquid enters a desorption water intermediate tank, the liquid phase in the desorption water intermediate tank is sent to a water aftertreatment tower, the two phases of the gas phase are subjected to heat mass exchange, water with the heavy hydrogen content reaching the standard is obtained at the top and can be directly discharged, water with higher heavy hydrogen content is obtained at the bottom, the gas phase at the top of the water aftertreatment tower enters a condenser of the water aftertreatment tower and is condensed and then enters a reflux tank of the water aftertreatment tower, part of the liquid in the reflux tank of the water aftertreatment tower returns to the water aftertreatment tower and flows downwards, part of the liquid in the tower bottom of the water aftertreatment tower is directly discharged, the part of the liquid enters the reboiler of the water aftertreatment tower and the steam returns to the original hydrogen isotope water tank.
2. The device for treating and recycling hydrogen isotope wastewater according to claim 1, wherein the liquid ammonia rectifying device of the rectifying unit comprises a condensation dryer, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reboiler, a heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower condenser, a liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank and a heater, wherein the condensation dryer is communicated with the liquid ammonia rectifying tower, the liquid ammonia rectifying tower is communicated with the liquid ammonia rectifying tower reboiler, the liquid ammonia rectifying tower is communicated with the heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank and then is communicated with the decomposing unit, the liquid ammonia rectifying tower is further communicated with the liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank through the liquid ammonia rectifying tower condenser, one path of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower reflux tank is communicated with the heater and then is communicated with the ammonia buffer tank, and the other path of the liquid ammonia rectifying tower is communicated with the liquid ammonia rectifying tower.
3. The apparatus for treating and recycling hydrogen isotope wastewater according to claim 1, wherein the decomposing unit comprises a heater I, an ammonia decomposer and a gas separator, and the heavy hydrogen ammonia collecting tank of the rectifying unit is sequentially communicated with the heater I, the ammonia decomposer and the gas separator.
4. The device for treating and recycling hydrogen isotope wastewater according to claim 1, wherein the ammonia water desorption device of the rectification unit comprises an ammonia desorption tower, an ammonia desorption tower top condenser, an ammonia desorption tower reflux tank, an ammonia desorption tower bottom reboiler and a desorption water intermediate tank, wherein the ammonia desorption tower top is communicated with the ammonia desorption tower top condenser and then is communicated with the ammonia desorption tower reflux tank, the ammonia desorption tower reflux tank is respectively communicated with a heater and the ammonia desorption tower, and the ammonia desorption tower bottom is communicated with the ammonia desorption tower bottom reboiler and then is sequentially communicated with the desorption water intermediate tank and the water aftertreatment device of the rectification unit.
5. The apparatus for treating and recycling hydrogen isotope wastewater according to claim 1, wherein the water post-treatment apparatus of the rectification unit comprises a water post-treatment tower, a water post-treatment tower condenser, a water post-treatment tower reflux tank and a water treatment tower reboiler, the desorption water intermediate tank is communicated with the water post-treatment tower, the water post-treatment tower is communicated with the water post-treatment tower condenser and then is communicated with the water post-treatment tower reflux tank, and the water post-treatment tower is also respectively communicated with the water treatment tower reboiler and the hydrogen isotope raw water tank.
6. The apparatus for treating and recycling hydrogen isotope wastewater according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the exchange unit comprises an ammonia buffer tank, an ammonia absorption tower, a hydrogen isotope raw water tank and a saturated ammonia water tank, the ammonia buffer tank is communicated with the ammonia absorption tower, the ammonia absorption tower is communicated with the saturated ammonia water tank and then is communicated with an ammonia desorption tower of the rectification unit, and the ammonia absorption tower is also sequentially communicated with a condensing dryer of the rectification unit and a liquid ammonia rectification tower.
7. The apparatus for treating and recycling hydrogen isotope wastewater according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the exchange unit comprises an ammonia buffer tank, an ammonia absorption tower, a hydrogen isotope raw water tank, a saturated ammonia water tank, an exchange tower and an ammonia water intermediate tank, the hydrogen isotope raw water tank is communicated with the inside of the ammonia absorption tower, the ammonia buffer tank is respectively communicated with the ammonia absorption tower and the exchange tower, the ammonia absorption tower is communicated with the saturated ammonia water tank, the saturated ammonia water tank is communicated with the exchange tower, the exchange tower is communicated with the ammonia water intermediate tank and is further communicated with an ammonia desorption tower of the rectification unit, and the exchange tower is further sequentially communicated with a condensation dryer of the rectification unit and the liquid ammonia rectification tower.
8. The device for treating and recycling hydrogen isotope wastewater according to claim 7, wherein a liquid distributor for realizing liquid spraying is arranged at the top inside the ammonia absorption tower, the liquid distributor is communicated with a hydrogen isotope raw water tank, a liquid distributor for realizing liquid spraying is arranged at the top inside the exchange tower, and the liquid distributor is communicated with a saturated ammonia water tank.
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