CN1152130A

CN1152130A - Composite prism

Info

Publication number: CN1152130A
Application number: CN 95112596
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄超红
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1995-12-12
Filing date: 1995-12-12
Publication date: 1997-06-18

Abstract

The composite prism consists of two coupled regular prisms with refraction film between binding surfaces. By changing the traditional focussing imaging mode, the present invention makes stepless superpower zooming possible with constant definition of images. Being simple in strucure and easy in combination, the present invention may be used in microscope, telescope, telecamera and other fields.

Description

Composite prism

The present invention relates to a kind of aspheric compound lens, particularly a kind of composite prism with discontinuity surface.

Imaging technique adopts astigmatism to focus at present, and it is subjected to the restriction of focal length, even zoom, imaging also can only change between limited multiplying power, and is subjected to the restriction of the depth of field, and focal length does not mix up, and is easy to generate vague image.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of vertical radiation composite prism of accepting.

Task of the present invention realizes with following mode: become positive six prisms by two regular prism shape prism-coupled, between two faying faces of two regular prism prisms, the refractive index film is arranged, described positive six prisms are prismatic compositions of hexagon that foursquare positive six prismatic and xsects are similar to " V " shape by xsect, and its xsect mutual relationship is square sectional and the hexagonal cross-section that is similar to " V " shape that extended out along outside mobile 1/2 diagonal line of this square diagonal line.Composite prism has one or more.Adjacent two consistent or wrong parallactic angles in positive six prism positions.

Imaging of the present invention has changed traditional focal imaging mode, makes stepless super change doubly become possibility, and image remain clear.Also have advantages such as simple in structure, combined and instant simultaneously, can be applicable to fields such as microscope, telescope and video camera.

Fig. 1 is the single composite prism structural representation of the present invention

Fig. 2 is single composite prism optical radiation synoptic diagram

Fig. 3 is by four composite prism equality optical radiation synoptic diagram that are arranged in order

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail:

Single composite prism becomes positive six prisms to constitute by two regular prism shape prism-coupled, between two faying faces of two regular prism prisms refractive index film 3 is arranged.Positive six prisms by xsect be foursquare positive six prismatic 1 and the xsect hexagon prismatic 2 that is similar to " V " shape forms, its xsect mutual relationship is square sectional and the hexagonal cross-section that is similar to " V " shape that extended out along the outwards mobile half diagonal angle line length of this square diagonal line.The height of composite prism and foursquare half diagonal line appearance etc. also can increase as required.

Two square rib planes over against equality of positive six prisms are respectively the plane of incidence and the exit facet of composite prism, and two orthogonal walls are arranged between them, are the surface of contact (being faying face) of two regular prism prisms.Wall is carried out and cover the film refractive index film 1 of thickness through selecting, and makes that to be subjected to press down the reflectivity of internal reflection completely and to award the rate of penetrating be 1: 1, and promptly spectroscopical effeciency is equal.It is the good optical material of performance that the material capability of refractive index film and prism requires.In actual the use, each corner angle are limited by machining precision, can ignore within the specific limits, can avoid the reprocessing cycle (see among Fig. 2 shown in the stain) of light.But 45 ° at the depth of parallelism between each rib plane, verticality and pitch angle, its precision must reach 100%, and each surperficial surface polishing degree will reach the highest standard of prior art.

Below the optical radiation process of prism is done simple the description: incident light enters the plane of incidence of prism, at first is subjected to press down complete internal reflection at a head wall, is divided into two bundle (see figure 2)s.The a branch of reflection fully through twice that is reflected arrives second wall, continue to produce and be subjected to press down complete internal reflection, what be refracted is a branch of directly along second wall of incident direction arrival, also produce and be subjected to press down complete internal reflection, afterwards, the a part of refractive index film 1 that successively is refracted and gets back to an individual wall of incident light produces and is subjected to press down complete internal reflection, so produces the progressively branch luminous effect of decay.And, the small double image that orthogonal wall refractive index film produces, aberration complementation.Here, incident light if non-perpendicular, because of there being incident angle, forms optical path difference for the plane of incidence in circulation, and the light that causes decay successively is not on same straight line, and in parallel to each other gradually away from the incident angle direction, energy is attenuation trend; But if just vertical, promptly incident angle is zero to incident light for the plane of incidence, and after circulation, the light of instrument time decay is all along the same straight line of incident direction process, and every circulation primary all has the energy follow-up.

With a plurality of such composite prisms, the plane of incidence and exit facet are mutually to being connected into a plurality of orders of magnitude, and make each vertical wall sensing arrange (see figure 3) one by one in turn by right four different directions in last lower-left, mutual merging precision, be the depth of parallelism, the collimation of verticality and the whole optical axis of maintenance all must reach 100%, in the accuracy rating that can reach, quantity is still many more good more.Such as adopting several magnitude, promptly several equal-sized composite prisms are by accurately butt joint in turn, and it just can reach 2 of primary attenuation to energy attenuation efficient ⁿDoubly.For the light velocity of 300,000 kilometers of per seconds, whole decay should be finished in moment, resembled a short-pulse laser.

In the circulation of the composite prism of a plurality of orders of magnitude, the decay at double of non-normal incidence light, at double parallel leaves interior circulation.Do not leave, incident angle also can only be to approach zero, and angular momentum is quite little, might gather with other incident light produce power, but the single energy that disperses is very little, mostly less than (1/4) ⁿ, exist peak value also quite little, far away from the interior absorption efficiency height of optical material.And with order of magnitude increase, the set energy will reduce thereupon at double, and with the increase of the order of magnitude, the angular momentum of the non-normal incidence light of an interference effect is more little.The luminous energy that finally can arrive exit end is very little.

Vertical incidence light is then different, and concentration of energy has the energy follow-up, and interior absorption consumption is minimum, and order of magnitude increase, and absorbing to consume increases seldom.

In sum, interference is a variable, increases with the order of magnitude, and interfering energy (non-perpendicular light) diminishes thereupon, if interference range disturbs also just inoperative less than film or when becoming the particle of sensitive paper; Vertical radiation is quantitatively, and the energy follow-up does not change with the variation of the order of magnitude.So, the selection that the composite prism of a plurality of orders of magnitude has a vertical radiation to arrange in order to incident light, and whole circulation has a suitable stereo channel to vertical radiation, and so, it can direct imaging to incident light.

One parallel beam can become a bit by lens or focusing mirror, can be focused at least and the much the same small size of wavelength dimension (drawing from encyclopedia).Object scioptics on the so little equally area are focused into a branch of directional light, the decay of the composite prism by a plurality of orders of magnitude circulation again, object light energy beyond the small size object is attenuated, and left is exactly the vertical radiation picture of the small size object of process amplification.Its multiple focuses on effective aperture exactly divided by wavelength, and multiplying power is quite high.In addition, the parallel beam scioptics can make focus state progressively turn to the wide-angle divergent state.So, mating corresponding camera lens, the composite prism of a plurality of orders of magnitude can reach stepless super anamorphosis function.Can be applicable to fields such as microscope, telescope and video camera.

The composite prism of a plurality of orders of magnitude receives only vertical radiation, so although light path is quite long, also can not have the introduction of aberration, does not also have aberration.Picture is of high quality, and to the infinite distance, so also need not focus, the just control that transfer becomes times scope to the depth of field from final exit end.

The composite prism of a plurality of orders of magnitude, its structure not only simply but also original, had changed traditional optical focus imaging mode, made stepless super change doubly reach possibility, and image remain clear.Resolution depends on what and the quality of mating camera lens of the order of magnitude.

Prism combination: get two parallel plate glass and glue together with upper and lower two bottom surfaces of positive six prisms respectively, the area size equates with floorage, thickness is decided according to intensity, desirable rib high five to 1/10th, parallel flat should equate with the thermal expansivity of prism.

Vertical radiation is with the receiving angle scope of adjustable colimated light system control to incident light, can be transferred in the wide arbitrarily angledly, so the multiplying power of vertical radiation imaging is controlled by receiving angle only, can be transferred to the maximum multiple that wavelength allows from wide-angle.No matter multiplying power size, imaging are the vertical radiation of arranging in order all the time, as clear all the time, the depth of field is unlimited, need not focus.

Because the vertical radiation imaging has changed traditional focal imaging mode, has above advantage, makes stepless super change doubly reach possibility.

Claims

1. composite prism, it is characterized in that becoming positive six prisms to constitute by two regular prism shape prism-coupled, between two faying faces of two regular prism prisms, refractive index film [3] is arranged, described positive six prisms are that the hexagon prism [2] that foursquare positive six prisms [1] and xsect are similar to " V " shape is formed by xsect, and its xsect mutual relationship is square sectional and residually along this square diagonal angle outwards moves the hexagonal cross-section that is similar to " V " shape that 1/2 diagonal line is extended out.

2. according to the described composite prism of claim 1, it is characterized in that composite prism has one or more.

3. according to the described composite prism of claim 1, it is characterized in that adjacent two consistent or wrong parallactic angles in positive six prism positions.