CN115207469A - Nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive and electrolyte using same - Google Patents
Nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive and electrolyte using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN115207469A CN115207469A CN202210920121.2A CN202210920121A CN115207469A CN 115207469 A CN115207469 A CN 115207469A CN 202210920121 A CN202210920121 A CN 202210920121A CN 115207469 A CN115207469 A CN 115207469A
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium stearate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- AZEPWULHRMVZQR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;dodecanoate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O AZEPWULHRMVZQR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- BZMIKKVSCNHEFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BZMIKKVSCNHEFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 158
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 136
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 72
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012079 nanoscale electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- BTAUEIDLAAYHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;octanoate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTAUEIDLAAYHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive and an electrolyte using the nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive, wherein the additive comprises any one or combination of more of lithium stearate, lithium palmitate, lithium laurate and lithium n-octoate, the purities of the lithium stearate, the lithium palmitate, the lithium laurate and the lithium n-octoate are respectively more than or equal to 99.5%, and the particle diameters of the lithium stearate, the lithium palmitate, the lithium laurate and the lithium n-octoate are respectively 5-500 nm. According to the nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive and the electrolyte using the nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive, the SEI film is formed, so that the cycle performance, the rate capability and the coulombic efficiency of the lithium ion battery are effectively improved, and the cycle stability of the lithium ion battery is also remarkably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive and an electrolyte using the same.
Background
With the recent trend toward serious energy crisis and environmental problems, lithium ion batteries have been widely used in various fields as green and environmentally friendly energy sources. The electric vehicle replaces a fuel vehicle to be widely accepted by various circles as the future environment-friendly and energy-saving direction, and meanwhile, the demand of the lithium ion battery is exponentially increased. Therefore, the lithium ion battery is also in the gold period of blowout type development as the most potential power battery in electric vehicles and oil-electric hybrid vehicles. Lithium ion batteries are being put on the market as an industrial product, and technicians are also demanding higher and more strict requirements on various characteristics of lithium ion batteries, such as energy density, stability, storage performance, production cost and the like.
In the prior art, a lithium ion battery generally comprises a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, electrolyte and a diaphragm, all structures work in a coordinated mode, and each component can have a great influence on the performance of the battery. The electrolyte plays roles in ion transmission and charge conduction between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and is used as a bridge for communicating the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material. Generally, lithium ion battery electrolytes are composed of an organic solvent, a lithium salt, and an additive, and a commonly used additive is mainly vinylene carbonate or fluoroethylene carbonate. The content of the additive in the electrolyte is generally low, but the additive is used as a key ring for influencing the generation of an SEI film between the electrolyte and an active material, and plays a critical and non-negligible role in the charge-discharge cycle performance of the lithium ion battery.
At present, the conventional additives are easy to cause side reactions in the charge-discharge cycle process of the lithium ion battery, so that the problems of generation of lithium dendrites, consumption of electrolyte, volume expansion and the like are caused, the charge-discharge cycle performance of the lithium ion battery is seriously influenced, and meanwhile, huge hidden dangers are buried in the safety performance of the lithium ion battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive and an electrolyte using the same, and by forming an SEI film, the cycle performance, the rate capability and the coulombic efficiency of a lithium ion battery are effectively improved, and the cycle stability of the lithium ion battery is also improved remarkably, so that the defects in the prior art are overcome.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive comprises any one or more of lithium stearate, lithium palmitate, lithium laurate and lithium n-octoate in combination, wherein the purity of the lithium stearate, the purity of the lithium palmitate, the purity of the lithium laurate and the purity of the lithium n-octoate are respectively greater than or equal to 99.5%, and the particle size of the lithium stearate, the particle size of the lithium palmitate, the particle size of the lithium laurate and the particle size of the lithium n-octoate are respectively 5-500 nm.
Preferably, the lithium stearate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 250 to 320 portions of stearic acid, 35 to 55 portions of sodium hydroxide and 40 to 80 portions of lithium chloride;
the lithium palmitate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 220-300 parts of palmitic acid, 35-55 parts of sodium hydroxide and 40-80 parts of lithium chloride;
according to the mass parts, the lithium laurate comprises the following raw materials: 160-250 parts of lauric acid, 35-55 parts of sodium hydroxide and 40-80 parts of lithium chloride;
according to the mass parts, the lithium n-octoate comprises the following raw materials: 100 to 200 parts of n-octanoic acid and 20 to 60 parts of lithium hydroxide.
Preferably, the preparation method of the lithium stearate comprises the following steps:
mixing stearic acid and sodium hydroxide according to the formula ratio, dissolving in water, heating and stirring to form a first solution with uniform solute, and keeping the first solution at a first preset temperature;
dissolving lithium chloride with a formula amount in water to obtain a first lithium chloride solution;
adding a first lithium chloride solution into the first solution, and fully reacting at a first preset temperature to obtain a first reactant;
separating the first reactant, then carrying out centrifugal washing, and drying in a vacuum environment to obtain a first intermediate product;
and carrying out wet grinding or dry grinding on the dried first intermediate product to obtain the lithium stearate.
Preferably, the preparation method of the lithium palmitate comprises the following steps:
mixing palmitic acid and sodium hydroxide according to the formula ratio, dissolving the mixture in water, heating and stirring the mixture until a second solution with uniform solute is formed, and keeping the second solution at a second preset temperature;
dissolving the lithium chloride with the formula amount in water to obtain a second lithium chloride solution;
adding a second lithium chloride solution into the second solution, and fully reacting at a second preset temperature to obtain a second reactant;
separating the second reactant, then carrying out centrifugal washing, and drying in a vacuum environment to obtain a second intermediate product;
and carrying out wet grinding or dry grinding on the dried second intermediate product to obtain the lithium palmitate.
Preferably, the preparation method of the lithium laurate comprises the following steps:
mixing lauric acid and sodium hydroxide according to the formula ratio, dissolving the mixture in water, heating and stirring the mixture until a third solution with uniform solute is formed, and keeping the third solution at a third preset temperature;
dissolving lithium chloride with the formula amount in water to obtain a third lithium chloride solution;
adding a third lithium chloride solution into the third solution, and fully reacting at a third preset temperature to obtain a third reactant;
separating the third reactant, then carrying out centrifugal washing, and drying in a vacuum environment to obtain a third intermediate product;
and carrying out wet grinding or dry grinding on the dried third intermediate product to obtain the lithium laurate.
Preferably, the preparation method of the lithium n-octoate comprises the following steps:
dissolving n-octanoic acid in a formula amount in water, heating and stirring until a fourth solution with uniform solute is formed, and keeping the fourth solution at a fourth preset temperature;
dissolving lithium hydroxide with the formula amount in water to obtain a lithium hydroxide solution;
adding the lithium hydroxide solution into the fourth solution, and fully reacting at a fourth preset temperature to obtain a fourth reactant;
separating the fourth reactant, performing centrifugal washing, and drying in a vacuum environment to obtain a fourth intermediate product;
and carrying out wet grinding or dry grinding on the dried fourth intermediate product to obtain the lithium n-octoate.
Preferably, the adding speed of the first lithium chloride solution, the second lithium chloride solution, the third lithium chloride solution and the lithium hydroxide solution is 10-1000 ml/min.
Preferably, in the preparation method of lithium stearate, the first preset temperature is 80-200 ℃, the heating and stirring speed of the first solution is 100-800 rpm, the reaction time of the first lithium chloride solution and the first solution is 0.5-12 h, the drying temperature of lithium stearate is 70-180 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h;
in the preparation method of the lithium palmitate, the second preset temperature is 70-200 ℃, the heating and stirring rotating speed of the second solution is 100-800 rpm, the reaction time of the second lithium chloride solution and the second solution is 0.5-12 h, the drying temperature of the lithium palmitate is 80-180 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h;
in the preparation method of the lithium laurate, the third preset temperature is 70-200 ℃, the heating and stirring speed of the third solution is 100-800 rpm, the reaction time of the third lithium chloride solution and the third solution is 0.5-12 h, the drying temperature of the lithium laurate is 80-180 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h;
in the preparation method of the lithium n-octoate, the fourth preset temperature is 70-200 ℃, the heating and stirring speed of the fourth solution is 100-800 rpm, the reaction time of the lithium hydroxide solution and the fourth solution is 0.5-12 h, the drying temperature of the lithium n-octoate is 80-180 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h.
The electrolyte comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-90 parts of organic solvent, 5-20 parts of lithium salt solution and 0.05-10 parts of nano-scale electrolyte additive.
Preferably, the organic solvent is any one or combination of more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, gamma-butyrolactone, gamma-valerolactone, delta-valerolactone, epsilon-caprolactone, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether and 1,3-dioxolane;
the lithium salt solution is any one or combination of more of a lithium hexafluorophosphate solution, a lithium tetrafluoroborate solution, a lithium bis (oxalato) borate solution, a lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate solution, a lithium perchlorate solution, a lithium tetrafluoroborate solution, a lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide solution and a lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide solution.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application can have the following beneficial effects:
1. lithium stearate, lithium palmitate, lithium laurate and lithium n-caprylate are added into the lithium ion battery electrolyte as additives, so that the problems of reduction of generation of lithium dendrites, consumption of the electrolyte, volume expansion and the like caused by the fact that the lithium ion battery is easy to generate side reactions in the charge-discharge cycle process due to the existing additives are avoided, the generation of an SEI film between the electrolyte and an active material is effectively promoted, and the cycle performance, the rate capability and the coulombic efficiency of the lithium ion battery are improved.
2. The preparation method of the lithium stearate, the lithium palmitate, the lithium laurate and the lithium n-octoate is simple, the utilization rate of raw materials is high, the reaction is more thorough, the purity of the obtained lithium stearate, the lithium palmitate, the lithium laurate and the lithium n-octoate is higher than that of the commercially available products, the obtained solid particles are finer than the commercially available products, the yield is considerable, and the cost is more controllable during batch production, so that the method is beneficial to industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of lithium stearate in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the battery cycle performance of a lithium ion battery made of lithium stearate prepared in example 1 of the present invention, a lithium ion battery made of commercially available lithium stearate, and a lithium ion battery having no additive added to the electrolyte.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the battery cycle performance of a lithium ion battery made of lithium palmitate prepared in example 2 of the present invention, a lithium ion battery made of commercially available lithium palmitate, and a lithium ion battery without additives in the electrolyte.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the battery cycle performance of a lithium ion battery made from lithium laurate prepared in example 3 of the present invention, a lithium ion battery made from commercially available lithium laurate, and a lithium ion battery having no additive added to the electrolyte.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the battery cycle performance of a lithium ion battery made of lithium n-octanoate prepared in example 4 of the present invention, a lithium ion battery made of commercially available lithium n-octanoate, and a lithium ion battery having no additive added to the electrolyte.
Detailed Description
A nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive comprises any one or more of lithium stearate, lithium palmitate, lithium laurate and lithium n-octoate in combination, wherein the purity of the lithium stearate, the purity of the lithium palmitate, the purity of the lithium laurate and the purity of the lithium n-octoate are respectively greater than or equal to 99.5%, and the particle size of the lithium stearate, the particle size of the lithium palmitate, the particle size of the lithium laurate and the particle size of the lithium n-octoate are respectively 5-500 nm.
Because the existing additive (namely vinylene carbonate or fluoroethylene carbonate) is used, the lithium ion battery is easy to generate side reaction in the charge-discharge cycle process, and the problems of generation of lithium dendrite, consumption of electrolyte, volume expansion and the like are caused, so that the charge-discharge cycle performance of the lithium ion battery is seriously influenced, and meanwhile, great hidden danger is buried in the safety performance of the lithium ion battery.
Therefore, in order to solve the technical problems and ensure the charge-discharge cycle performance of the lithium ion battery, the technical scheme provides a novel lithium ion battery electrolyte additive, the raw materials of the lithium ion battery electrolyte additive comprise any one or combination of more of lithium stearate, lithium palmitate, lithium laurate and lithium n-octoate, and the raw materials have high purity and fine particle size, can effectively improve the cycle performance, rate capability and coulombic efficiency of the lithium ion battery, and are favorable for obviously improving the cycle stability of the lithium ion battery electrolyte additive so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
Lithium stearate, lithium palmitate, lithium laurate and lithium n-octoate are common raw materials in the field of coatings, and are added into the lithium ion battery electrolyte as additives, so that the problems of reduction of generation of lithium dendrite, consumption of electrolyte, volume expansion and the like caused by side reactions easily occurring in the charge-discharge cycle process of the lithium ion battery due to the existing additives are avoided, the generation of an SEI film between the electrolyte and an active material is effectively promoted, and the cycle performance, the rate capability and the coulombic efficiency of the lithium ion battery are improved.
Further, the lithium stearate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 250-320 parts of stearic acid, 35-55 parts of sodium hydroxide and 40-80 parts of lithium chloride;
the lithium palmitate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 220-300 parts of palmitic acid, 35-55 parts of sodium hydroxide and 40-80 parts of lithium chloride;
according to the mass parts, the lithium laurate comprises the following raw materials: 160-250 parts of lauric acid, 35-55 parts of sodium hydroxide and 40-80 parts of lithium chloride;
according to the mass parts, the lithium n-octoate comprises the following raw materials: 100 to 200 parts of n-octanoic acid and 20 to 60 parts of lithium hydroxide.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the raw materials of lithium stearate, lithium palmitate, lithium laurate and lithium n-octoate include stearic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid and n-octanoic acid, which form the main body of each additive, and sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and lithium chloride, and the selection and proportion of the above raw materials are favorable for reducing the generation of impurities such as sodium chloride in each additive, and improving the product purity of lithium stearate, lithium palmitate, lithium laurate and lithium n-octanoate.
Further, the preparation method of the lithium stearate comprises the following steps:
mixing stearic acid and sodium hydroxide according to the formula ratio, dissolving in water, heating and stirring to form a first solution with uniform solute, and keeping the first solution at a first preset temperature;
dissolving lithium chloride with a formula amount in water to obtain a first lithium chloride solution;
adding a first lithium chloride solution into the first solution, and fully reacting at a first preset temperature to obtain a first reactant;
separating the first reactant, then carrying out centrifugal washing, and drying in a vacuum environment to obtain a first intermediate product;
and carrying out wet grinding or dry grinding on the dried first intermediate product to obtain the lithium stearate.
Further, the preparation method of the lithium palmitate comprises the following steps:
mixing palmitic acid and sodium hydroxide according to the formula ratio, dissolving the mixture in water, heating and stirring the mixture until a second solution with uniform solute is formed, and keeping the second solution at a second preset temperature;
dissolving the lithium chloride with the formula amount in water to obtain a second lithium chloride solution;
adding a second lithium chloride solution into the second solution, and fully reacting at a second preset temperature to obtain a second reactant;
separating the second reactant, then carrying out centrifugal washing, and drying in a vacuum environment to obtain a second intermediate product;
and carrying out wet grinding or dry grinding on the dried second intermediate product to obtain the lithium palmitate.
Further, the preparation method of the lithium laurate comprises the following steps:
mixing lauric acid and sodium hydroxide according to the formula ratio, dissolving the mixture in water, heating and stirring the mixture until a third solution with uniform solute is formed, and keeping the third solution at a third preset temperature;
dissolving lithium chloride with the formula amount in water to obtain a third lithium chloride solution;
adding a third lithium chloride solution into the third solution, and fully reacting at a third preset temperature to obtain a third reactant;
separating the third reactant, then carrying out centrifugal washing, and drying in a vacuum environment to obtain a third intermediate product;
and carrying out wet grinding or dry grinding on the dried third intermediate product to obtain the lithium laurate.
Further, the preparation method of the lithium n-octoate comprises the following steps:
dissolving n-octanoic acid in a formula amount in water, heating and stirring until a fourth solution with uniform solute is formed, and keeping the fourth solution at a fourth preset temperature;
dissolving lithium hydroxide with the formula amount in water to obtain a lithium hydroxide solution;
adding the lithium hydroxide solution into the fourth solution, and fully reacting at a fourth preset temperature to obtain a fourth reactant;
separating the fourth reactant, performing centrifugal washing, and drying in a vacuum environment to obtain a fourth intermediate product;
and carrying out wet grinding or dry grinding on the dried fourth intermediate product to obtain the lithium n-octoate.
In a more preferred embodiment of the technical scheme, a preparation method of the lithium stearate, the lithium palmitate, the lithium laurate and the lithium n-octoate is further provided, the synthesis method is simple, the utilization rate of raw materials is high, the reaction is more thorough, the purity of the obtained lithium stearate, the lithium palmitate, the lithium laurate and the lithium n-octoate is higher than that of products sold in the market, the obtained solid particles are finer than those of products sold in the market, the yield is considerable, and in addition, the cost is more controllable during batch production, so that the industrial production is favorably realized.
It should be noted that, in the preparation method, wet grinding or dry grinding is required to be performed on the intermediate product, which is beneficial to controlling the particle size and uniformity of the finished product and preventing agglomeration. The wet grinding and dry grinding are conventional grinding methods, and the procedures of the wet grinding and dry grinding are not further described here.
Furthermore, the adding speed of the first lithium chloride solution, the second lithium chloride solution, the third lithium chloride solution and the lithium hydroxide solution is 10-1000 ml/min.
Furthermore, the scheme optimizes the adding speed of the lithium chloride and lithium hydroxide solution in each additive preparation step, and is more favorable for preventing the reaction process from generating heat to cause overhigh temperature.
Preferably, the concentrations of the first lithium chloride solution, the second lithium chloride solution, the third lithium chloride solution and the lithium hydroxide solution are all 10-600 g/L.
Further, in the preparation method of lithium stearate, the first preset temperature is 80-200 ℃, the heating and stirring speed of the first solution is 100-800 rpm, the reaction time of the first lithium chloride solution and the first solution is 0.5-12 h, the drying temperature of lithium stearate is 70-180 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h;
in the preparation method of the lithium palmitate, the second preset temperature is 70-200 ℃, the heating and stirring rotating speed of the second solution is 100-800 rpm, the reaction time of the second lithium chloride solution and the second solution is 0.5-12 h, the drying temperature of the lithium palmitate is 80-180 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h;
in the preparation method of the lithium laurate, the third preset temperature is 70-200 ℃, the heating and stirring speed of the third solution is 100-800 rpm, the reaction time of the third lithium chloride solution and the third solution is 0.5-12 h, the drying temperature of the lithium laurate is 80-180 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h;
in the preparation method of the lithium n-octoate, the fourth preset temperature is 70-200 ℃, the heating and stirring speed of the fourth solution is 100-800 rpm, the reaction time of the lithium hydroxide solution and the fourth solution is 0.5-12 h, the drying temperature of the lithium n-octoate is 80-180 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h.
The electrolyte comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-90 parts of organic solvent, 5-20 parts of lithium salt solution and 0.05-10 parts of nano-scale electrolyte additive.
The technical scheme also provides an electrolyte using the additive, and the electrolyte can be used for preparing the lithium ion battery, so that the cycle performance, the rate capability and the coulombic efficiency of the lithium ion battery can be improved on the premise of avoiding the problems that the conventional additive causes side reactions easily to occur in the charge-discharge cycle process of the lithium ion battery, and the generation of lithium dendrite, the consumption of the electrolyte, the volume expansion and the like is reduced.
Still further, the organic solvent is any one or a combination of more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, gamma-butyrolactone, gamma-valerolactone, delta-valerolactone, epsilon-caprolactone, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and 1,3-dioxolane;
the lithium salt solution is any one or combination of more of a lithium hexafluorophosphate solution, a lithium tetrafluoroborate solution, a lithium bis (oxalato) borate solution, a lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate solution, a lithium perchlorate solution, a lithium tetrafluoroborate solution, a lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide solution and a lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide solution.
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments.
Example 1
Mixing 290g of stearic acid and 45g of sodium hydroxide, dissolving in 500ml of water, heating and stirring at the temperature of 150 ℃ and the rotating speed of 400rpm until a first solution with uniform solute is formed, and keeping the first solution at 150 ℃;
dissolving 50g of lithium chloride in 500ml of water to obtain a first lithium chloride solution;
adding a first lithium chloride solution into the first solution at the speed of 50mL/min, and keeping the temperature at 150 ℃ for full reaction to obtain a first reactant;
and separating the first reactant, performing centrifugal washing, drying at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 16h in a vacuum environment to obtain a first intermediate product, adding oxidized wax with the mass percent of 0.5% into the dried first intermediate product as a dispersing agent, and performing dry grinding to obtain lithium stearate. The scanning electron micrograph is shown in FIG. 1.
Example 2
Mixing 280g palmitic acid and 50g sodium hydroxide, dissolving in 500ml water, heating and stirring at 150 ℃ and 400rpm to form a second solution with uniform solute, and keeping the second solution at 150 ℃;
dissolving 50g of lithium chloride in 500ml of water to obtain a second lithium chloride solution;
adding the second lithium chloride solution into the second solution at the speed of 50mL/min, and keeping the temperature at 150 ℃ for full reaction to obtain a second reactant;
and separating the second reactant, performing centrifugal washing, drying at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 16h in a vacuum environment to obtain a second intermediate product, adding 0.5 mass percent of Fischer-Tropsch wax serving as a dispersing agent into the dried second intermediate product, and performing dry grinding to obtain the lithium palmitate.
Example 3
Mixing 220g of lauric acid and 45g of sodium hydroxide, dissolving the mixture in 500ml of water, heating and stirring the mixture at the temperature of 150 ℃ and the rotating speed of 400rpm until a third solution with uniform solute is formed, and keeping the temperature of the third solution at 150 ℃;
dissolving 50g of lithium chloride in 500ml of water to obtain a third lithium chloride solution;
adding the third lithium chloride solution into the third solution at the speed of 50mL/min, and keeping the temperature at 150 ℃ for full reaction to obtain a third reactant;
and separating the third reactant, performing centrifugal washing, drying at 90 ℃ for 16h in a vacuum environment to obtain a third intermediate product, adding oxidized wax accounting for 0.5% of the dried third intermediate product by mass as a dispersing agent, and performing dry grinding to obtain the lithium laurate.
Example 4
Dissolving 170g of n-octanoic acid in 500ml of water, heating and stirring at 150 ℃ and 400rpm until a fourth solution with uniform solute is formed, and keeping the fourth solution at 150 ℃;
dissolving 50g of lithium hydroxide in 500ml of water to obtain a lithium hydroxide solution;
adding a lithium hydroxide solution into the fourth solution at the speed of 50mL/min, and keeping the temperature at 150 ℃ for full reaction to obtain a fourth reactant;
and separating the fourth reactant, performing centrifugal washing, drying at 90 ℃ for 16h in a vacuum environment to obtain a fourth intermediate product, adding oxidized wax accounting for 0.5% of the mass percentage of the dried fourth intermediate product as a dispersing agent, and performing dry grinding to obtain the lithium n-octoate.
Lithium stearate prepared in example 1, commercially available lithium stearate, lithium palmitate prepared in example 2, commercially available lithium palmitate, lithium laurate prepared in example 3, commercially available lithium laurate prepared in example 4, and commercially available lithium caprylate were used as additives in the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery, the lithium ion battery was prepared by using other conventional raw materials of the lithium ion battery and according to a conventional preparation method, and all parameters except for the type of the additives were ensured to be the same, and the prepared lithium ion battery was subjected to a cycle test using a rate capability of 0.1C in a glove box, and the lithium ion battery without additives in the electrolyte was also subjected to a cycle test using a rate capability of 0.1C as a control, and the results are shown in fig. 2 to 5.
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of lithium stearate in example 1 of the present invention, and it can be seen that the particle size of lithium stearate prepared by the preparation method of the present embodiment is small and is in the range of 5 to 500nm.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the battery cycle performance of a lithium ion battery made of lithium stearate prepared in example 1 of the present invention, a lithium ion battery made of commercially available lithium stearate, and a lithium ion battery having no additive added to the electrolyte. Fig. 3 is a graph showing the battery cycle performance of a lithium ion battery made of lithium palmitate prepared in example 2 of the present invention, a lithium ion battery made of commercially available lithium palmitate, and a lithium ion battery without additives in the electrolyte. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the battery cycle performance of a lithium ion battery made from lithium laurate prepared in example 3 of the present invention, a lithium ion battery made from commercially available lithium laurate, and a lithium ion battery having no additive added to the electrolyte. Fig. 5 is a graph showing the battery cycle performance of a lithium ion battery made of lithium n-octanoate prepared in example 4 of the present invention, a lithium ion battery made of commercially available lithium n-octanoate, and a lithium ion battery in which no additive is added to the electrolyte.
As can be seen from the battery cycle performance diagrams of fig. 2 to 5, the lithium ion battery prepared from the additive prepared in the embodiment of the present invention has a better capacity retention rate than the lithium ion battery without the additive added in the electrolyte, and meanwhile, the cycle stability and the capacity retention rate of the lithium ion battery prepared from the additive prepared in the embodiment of the present invention are far better than those of the lithium ion battery prepared from the commercially available additive, mainly because the commercially available additive has a certain negative effect on the lithium ion battery due to the coarse particle size of the commercially available additive and the influence factors such as impurities.
The technical principle of the present invention is described above in connection with specific embodiments. The description is made for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the invention and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort, which would fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive is characterized in that: the lithium ion battery comprises any one or more of lithium stearate, lithium palmitate, lithium laurate and lithium n-octoate, wherein the purity of the lithium stearate, the purity of the lithium palmitate, the purity of the lithium laurate and the purity of the lithium n-octoate are respectively greater than or equal to 99.5%, and the particle size of the lithium stearate, the purity of the lithium palmitate, the purity of the lithium laurate and the purity of the lithium n-octoate are respectively 5-500 nm.
2. The nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive according to claim 1, wherein: according to the mass parts, the lithium stearate comprises the following raw materials: 250-320 parts of stearic acid, 35-55 parts of sodium hydroxide and 40-80 parts of lithium chloride;
the lithium palmitate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 220-300 parts of palmitic acid, 35-55 parts of sodium hydroxide and 40-80 parts of lithium chloride;
according to the mass parts, the lithium laurate comprises the following raw materials: 160-250 parts of lauric acid, 35-55 parts of sodium hydroxide and 40-80 parts of lithium chloride;
according to the mass parts, the lithium n-octoate comprises the following raw materials: 100 to 200 parts of n-octanoic acid and 20 to 60 parts of lithium hydroxide.
3. The nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method of lithium stearate comprises the following steps:
mixing stearic acid and sodium hydroxide according to the formula ratio, dissolving in water, heating and stirring to form a first solution with uniform solute, and keeping the first solution at a first preset temperature;
dissolving lithium chloride with a formula amount in water to obtain a first lithium chloride solution;
adding a first lithium chloride solution into the first solution, and fully reacting at a first preset temperature to obtain a first reactant;
separating the first reactant, then carrying out centrifugal washing, and drying in a vacuum environment to obtain a first intermediate product;
and carrying out wet grinding or dry grinding on the dried first intermediate product to obtain the lithium stearate.
4. The nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the lithium palmitate comprises the following steps:
mixing palmitic acid and sodium hydroxide according to the formula ratio, dissolving the mixture in water, heating and stirring the mixture until a second solution with uniform solute is formed, and keeping the second solution at a second preset temperature;
dissolving the lithium chloride with the formula amount in water to obtain a second lithium chloride solution;
adding a second lithium chloride solution into the second solution, and fully reacting at a second preset temperature to obtain a second reactant;
separating the second reactant, then carrying out centrifugal washing, and drying in a vacuum environment to obtain a second intermediate product;
and carrying out wet grinding or dry grinding on the dried second intermediate product to obtain the lithium palmitate.
5. The nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive according to claim 4, wherein the preparation method of the lithium laurate comprises the following steps:
mixing lauric acid and sodium hydroxide according to the formula ratio, dissolving the mixture in water, heating and stirring the mixture until a third solution with uniform solute is formed, and keeping the third solution at a third preset temperature;
dissolving lithium chloride with the formula amount in water to obtain a third lithium chloride solution;
adding a third lithium chloride solution into the third solution, and fully reacting at a third preset temperature to obtain a third reactant;
separating the third reactant, then carrying out centrifugal washing, and drying in a vacuum environment to obtain a third intermediate product;
and carrying out wet grinding or dry grinding on the dried third intermediate product to obtain the lithium laurate.
6. The nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method of the lithium n-octoate comprises the following steps:
dissolving n-octanoic acid in a formula amount in water, heating and stirring until a fourth solution with uniform solute is formed, and keeping the fourth solution at a fourth preset temperature;
dissolving lithium hydroxide with the formula amount in water to obtain a lithium hydroxide solution;
adding a lithium hydroxide solution into the fourth solution, and fully reacting at a fourth preset temperature to obtain a fourth reactant;
separating the fourth reactant, performing centrifugal washing, and drying in a vacuum environment to obtain a fourth intermediate product;
and carrying out wet grinding or dry grinding on the dried fourth intermediate product to obtain the lithium n-octoate.
7. The nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive according to claim 6, wherein: the adding speed of the first lithium chloride solution, the second lithium chloride solution, the third lithium chloride solution and the lithium hydroxide solution is 10-1000 ml/min.
8. The nanoscale lithium ion battery electrolyte additive according to claim 6, wherein: in the preparation method of the lithium stearate, the first preset temperature is 80-200 ℃, the heating and stirring speed of the first solution is 100-800 rpm, the reaction time of the first lithium chloride solution and the first solution is 0.5-12 h, the drying temperature of the lithium stearate is 70-180 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h;
in the preparation method of the lithium palmitate, the second preset temperature is 70-200 ℃, the heating and stirring rotating speed of the second solution is 100-800 rpm, the reaction time of the second lithium chloride solution and the second solution is 0.5-12 h, the drying temperature of the lithium palmitate is 80-180 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h;
in the preparation method of the lithium laurate, the third preset temperature is 70-200 ℃, the heating and stirring speed of the third solution is 100-800 rpm, the reaction time of the third lithium chloride solution and the third solution is 0.5-12 h, the drying temperature of the lithium laurate is 80-180 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h;
in the preparation method of the lithium n-octoate, the fourth preset temperature is 70-200 ℃, the heating and stirring speed of the fourth solution is 100-800 rpm, the reaction time of the lithium hydroxide solution and the fourth solution is 0.5-12 h, the drying temperature of the lithium n-octoate is 80-180 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h.
9. The electrolyte is characterized in that the nanoscale electrolyte additive as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 is used, and comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 70-90 parts of organic solvent, 5-20 parts of lithium salt solution and 0.05-10 parts of nano-scale electrolyte additive.
10. An electrolyte as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the organic solvent is any one or combination of more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, gamma-butyrolactone, gamma-valerolactone, delta-valerolactone, epsilon-caprolactone, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether and 1,3-dioxypentacene;
the lithium salt solution is any one or combination of more of a lithium hexafluorophosphate solution, a lithium tetrafluoroborate solution, a lithium bis (oxalato) borate solution, a lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate solution, a lithium perchlorate solution, a lithium tetrafluoroborate solution, a lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide solution and a lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide solution.
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Application publication date: 20221018 |