CN115201570A - Impedance testing system based on LCR digital bridge and Smith circular diagram - Google Patents
Impedance testing system based on LCR digital bridge and Smith circular diagram Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of impedance electrical parameter measurement, and relates to an impedance test system based on an LCR digital bridge and a Smith chart. The invention realizes the sweep frequency impedance circular diagram display of the ultrasonic sensor, so that the impedance test curve and the result are clear and intuitive, and the online performance analysis and the quality judgment of the test result are convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an impedance testing system based on an LCR digital bridge and a Smith circular diagram, and belongs to the technical field of impedance electrical parameter measurement.
Background
The instrumentation commonly used for impedance parameter measurements are: impedance analyzer, network analyzer, LCR meter, etc. The impedance analyzer belongs to high-grade impedance measurement special equipment, is usually used for measuring impedance parameters with relatively low frequency, and has good performance and high price; the network analyzer belongs to high-grade comprehensive parameter measuring equipment, is usually used for measuring parameters such as impedance, reflection parameters, scattering parameters, attenuation, impedance matching and the like under radio frequency, and has good performance and relatively high price; the LCR instrument is also called as LCR digital bridge, belongs to inductance, capacitance and impedance parameter common measuring instruments, and has relatively low testing frequency, relatively low testing speed and relatively low price.
The LCR digital bridge is usually provided with an LCD display screen and corresponding software support, and usually has the functions of measuring parameters such as inductance, capacitance, loss, quality factor, impedance, admittance and the like, and has the functions of dot frequency and frequency sweep measurement, display, storage and the like. However, due to the limitations of the volume and price of the instrument, the LCR digital bridge is generally small in display screen, and particularly when the frequency sweep curve of the measured parameter and the related parameters are displayed, the coordinate division and the resolution are not sufficient, and when the impedance is measured, the frequency sweep curve of the modulus value and the phase angle of the impedance or the real part and the imaginary part of the impedance in the rectangular coordinate system is displayed, so that the capacitance of the impedance and the sensitive area are often not intuitive to distinguish, no coordinate scale or fine scale is provided, and the online analysis and the performance judgment of the impedance frequency sweep test result are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an impedance testing system based on an LCR digital bridge and a Smith chart, which is matched with an upper computer and a self-developed functional module based on impedance analysis and personalized display of the Smith chart based on the LCR digital bridge, so that impedance frequency sweep test and chart display of an ultrasonic sensor are realized, and online analysis and performance judgment are facilitated.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an impedance testing system based on LCR digital bridge and Smith chart comprises: the system comprises an LCR digital bridge and an upper computer with a display screen, wherein an impedance testing software module based on a Smith chart, an LCR digital bridge parameter configuration interface and an impedance chart display interface are arranged in the upper computer. The upper computer performs parameter configuration on the LCR digital bridge, the LCR digital bridge performs impedance frequency sweep test according to the parameter configuration of the upper computer and transmits impedance frequency sweep test data to the upper computer, the impedance circle diagram display interface comprises an impedance circle diagram display area and a text box display area, the impedance test software module based on the Smith circle diagram displays all frequency sweep points provided by the LCR digital bridge and corresponding impedance values in the impedance circle diagram display area, and finally all resonance frequencies, corresponding impedances, working frequencies and corresponding impedances are extracted from the impedance frequency sweep test data and displayed in the text box display area. The resistance testing software module based on the Smith chart is installed in the upper computer, and the LCR digital bridge parameter configuration interface and the resistance chart display interface realize interface switching through the display screen.
Preferably, the Smith chart-based impedance testing software module comprises the following control steps: the upper computer controls the LCR digital bridge to execute impedance frequency sweep test, after the test is finished, the upper computer calls impedance frequency sweep test data from the LCR digital bridge and stores the impedance frequency sweep test data, then intersection points of impedance real parts and imaginary parts of all frequency points on an impedance circular diagram are searched and marked in a point form, and line segments are fitted between the points to obtain an impedance frequency sweep track of the tested ultrasonic sensor; the upper computer calls impedance frequency sweep test data, executes a searching function, obtains resonance frequencies corresponding to a plurality of resonance points, real parts and imaginary parts of impedance, and real parts and imaginary parts of impedance of working frequency points, and writes the resonance frequencies, the real parts and the imaginary parts of the impedance into a text box display area; storing a circular interface comprising an impedance sweep trace, a resonant frequency and corresponding resonant impedance, a working frequency and corresponding impedance correlation results.
Preferably, the upper computer performs parameter configuration on the LCR digital bridge through the USB-RS232 interface, where the parameter configuration includes: R-X test function, excitation voltage setting, sweep frequency speed setting, sweep frequency segmentation range and corresponding step length setting.
Preferably, the LCR digital bridge transmits the impedance frequency sweep test data to the upper computer through the RS232-USB interface, the upper computer stores the impedance frequency sweep test data in an Excel format, and the impedance frequency sweep test data includes: the frequency sweep range, the frequency sweep segmented frequency interval and the corresponding step length, the real part and the imaginary part of the impedance corresponding to the frequency sweep point, the resonant frequency and the corresponding impedance, and the working frequency and the corresponding impedance.
Preferably, the defects in the manufacturing process of the ultrasonic sensor and the advantages and disadvantages of the ultrasonic sensor are analyzed according to the shape and size of the impedance sweep curve of the tested ultrasonic sensor, the position on the impedance circular diagram, the resonance frequency, the resonance impedance and the impedance of the working frequency point.
Preferably, in the ultrasonic sensor of the same model: the irregular curve shape indicates that the uniformity of the bonding adhesive is poor, the small curve track area indicates that the bonding adhesive layer is too thick or the capacitance is too small, the deviation of the curve position indicates that the piezoelectric plate is bonded poorly, the deviation of the resonance frequency from a normal value indicates that the thickness of the matching layer is inappropriate, the deviation of the resonance impedance from a normal value indicates that the matching layer or the piezoelectric plate is bonded poorly, and the deviation of the impedance of the working frequency point from a normal value indicates that the thickness of the matching layer is inappropriate or the piezoelectric plate and/or the matching layer is bonded poorly.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention is based on the functions of an interface, test control, sweep frequency test, data transmission and the like of the LCR digital bridge, and is matched with an upper computer and self-developed impedance analysis and personalized display software based on a Smith chart, so that the sweep frequency impedance chart of the ultrasonic sensor is displayed. The method has the advantages that functions such as related parameters, a testing function, a segmented frequency sweeping testing range and corresponding step length of the LCR digital bridge can be flexibly configured through upper computer software, the impedance frequency sweeping track and related parameters of the LCR digital bridge are displayed in the main interface of the impedance circular diagram by virtue of the unique advantages of the Smith circular diagram, so that an impedance testing curve and a result are clear and visual, the online performance analysis and the quality judgment of a testing result are facilitated, and good conditions are created for the application of detection, screening, pairing and the like of the ultrasonic sensor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an impedance testing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an impedance testing software module based on a Smith chart according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a normalized impedance circular plot;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an impedance circle having a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the impedance frequency sweep test result of the 200kHz ultrasonic sensor according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of impedance frequency sweep test results on a 500kHz ultrasonic sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the display effect of the impedance frequency sweep test result of the 1MHz ultrasonic sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of an impedance frequency sweep test performed on a 200kHz ultrasonic sensor using a conventional LCR digital bridge.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
The Smith chart can be used in the technical fields of impedance, admittance, reflection coefficient, standing-wave ratio, impedance matching and the like, and particularly has the unique advantages of convenient use, clear and intuitive process and the like in a radio frequency band. Impedance circles belong to the basic application of Smith circles.
The impedance circle graph is formed by a graphical mode of impedance under two-dimensional coordinates based on a relation of a reflection coefficient and the impedance of a polar coordinate system.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an impedance testing system according to an embodiment of the present invention. An impedance testing system based on LCR digital bridge and Smith chart comprises: the system comprises an LCR digital bridge and an upper computer with a display screen, wherein an impedance testing software module based on a Smith chart, an LCR digital bridge parameter configuration interface and an impedance chart display interface are arranged in the upper computer. In an LCR digital bridge parameter configuration interface, an upper computer performs parameter configuration on an LCR digital bridge through a USB-RS232 interface, wherein the parameter configuration comprises the following steps: R-X test function, excitation voltage setting, sweep frequency speed setting, sweep frequency segmentation range, corresponding step length setting and the like; the LCR digital bridge implements impedance frequency sweep test according to the parameter configuration of the upper computer, and transmits impedance frequency sweep test data to the upper computer through an RS232-USB interface, the upper computer stores the impedance frequency sweep test data in an Excel format, and the impedance frequency sweep test data comprises: the frequency sweeping range, the frequency sweeping segmented frequency interval and the corresponding step length, the real part and the imaginary part of impedance corresponding to the frequency sweeping point, the resonant frequency and the corresponding impedance, the working frequency and the corresponding impedance and the like; the resistance testing software module based on the Smith chart firstly provides configuration parameters required by an LCR digital bridge for resistance testing, secondly provides a resistance chart application software module based on the Smith chart principle, then displays all sweep points and corresponding resistance values provided by the LCR digital bridge on the resistance chart of the interface, and finally extracts all resonance frequencies and corresponding resistance, working frequency, corresponding resistance and other parameters from resistance sweep frequency testing data and displays the resonance frequencies and the corresponding resistance, working frequency, the corresponding resistance and other parameters in a text box display area of the interface. According to the shape and size of the impedance sweep frequency curve of the ultrasonic sensor to be tested, the position on the impedance circular diagram, the resonance frequency, the resonance impedance, the impedance of the working frequency point and the like, the defects in the manufacturing process of the ultrasonic sensor and the advantages and disadvantages of the ultrasonic sensor can be analyzed, for example, in the ultrasonic sensor with the same model: the irregular curve shape indicates that the uniformity of the bonding adhesive is poor, the small curve track area indicates that the bonding adhesive layer is too thick or the capacitance is too small, the deviation of the curve position indicates that the piezoelectric plate is bonded poorly, the deviation of the resonance frequency from a normal value indicates that the thickness of the matching layer is inappropriate, the deviation of the resonance impedance from a normal value indicates that the matching layer or the piezoelectric plate is bonded poorly, and the deviation of the impedance of the working frequency point from a normal value indicates that the thickness of the matching layer is inappropriate or the piezoelectric plate and/or the matching layer is bonded poorly.
As shown in fig. 2, which is a flowchart of an impedance testing software module based on a Smith chart according to an embodiment of the present invention, the impedance testing software module based on the Smith chart implements an impedance chart with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω shown in fig. 4. The impedance testing software module based on the Smith chart firstly sets parameters, including: and carrying out parameter configuration on the LCR digital bridge, planning the size of a graphical interface, a text parameter format and the like, setting the pixel number, the origin of coordinates and the radius of a normalized unit circle of the impedance circle, and taking the origin as the center of the circle as the normalized unit circle. Next, a circular diagram with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω was obtained: 5 dotted circles within the normalized unit circle, and one straight line and 10 dotted circular arcs intersecting the normalized unit circle including the real axis. Then, the upper computer controls the LCR digital bridge to execute impedance frequency sweep test, after the test is finished, the upper computer calls impedance frequency sweep test data from the LCR digital bridge and stores the impedance frequency sweep test data, then intersection points of impedance real parts and imaginary parts of all frequency points on an impedance circular diagram are searched and marked in a point form, and line segments are fitted between the points to obtain an impedance frequency sweep track of the tested ultrasonic sensor; the upper computer calls impedance frequency sweep test data, executes a searching function, obtains resonance frequencies corresponding to a plurality of resonance points, real parts and imaginary parts of impedance, and real parts and imaginary parts of impedance of working frequency points, and writes the resonance frequencies, the real parts and the imaginary parts of the impedance into a text box display area; and storing a circular interface containing relevant results of impedance frequency sweep trace, resonant frequency and corresponding resonant impedance, working frequency and corresponding impedance and the like.
Principle of Smith circle diagram: the impedance can be written as: z = R + jX, R is a resistance and X is a reactance, where X may be positive or negative; it can also be written as Z = R ± jX, where X can only be positive, since this representation has taken the symbol of X out; sometimes the two representations may be used together for ease of analysis and understanding; the unit of impedance is in ohms, R is the real part of the impedance, and X is the imaginary part of the impedance.
The reflection coefficient of the device under test is defined as:
the relationship between the normalized impedance and the reflection coefficient of the device under test is:
from this equation, the equation of the equal normalized resistance circle can be solved:
and the equation of the normalized reactance circle:
. The center and radius of the normalized resistance circle are respectively:
and
the center and radius of the normalized reactance circle are respectively:
and
. If make
=0,0.5,1,2, ∞, the iso-normalized resistance circle shown by the solid line in fig. 3 is obtained, where
The normalized resistance circle of =0 is a normalized unit circle. If order
=0, ± 0,5, ± 1, ± 2, ∞, then the sum shown by the dotted line in fig. 3 is obtained
=0 is circumferentially intersecting and is in
=0 equal normalized reactance circular arc within a circle; 0<
<Any one of infinity
All values will correspond to
= one circumference in the circle 0, - ∞<
<Any one of infinity
The values will all correspond to and
=0 is circumferentially intersecting and is in
=0 a segment of a circle within the circle, i.e. all
And
are all contained in
Either inside or on the circle of =0, and thus any one normalized impedance
Are all contained in
In or on the circle of =0, and each has an equal
Circumference and
the intersection point of the circular arcs is
For clarity of the figure, only a few typical impedance curves are drawn on the impedance circle, but any impedance value can be drawn on the circle, etc
Circumference and
a circular arc. The outstanding characteristics of the impedance circular diagram are as follows:
=0 left end point on circumference, i.e. 180 °AThe point being a short-circuit point, i.e.
Point of =0, right end point being 0 °BThe point being an open point, i.e.
A point of = ∞;
any point on the circumference of =0 is a pure imaginary reactance, i.e.
=±j
Or
=0 or
=∞；
Any point on the real axis of the coordinate in the circle of =0 is a pure real impedance, that is
=
(ii) a Origin of coordinates of
A point of =1, i.e., an impedance matching point;
any point in the upper semicircle of =0 is an inductive complex impedance, i.e.
=
+j
；
Any point in the lower semicircle of =0 is a capacitive complex impedance, that is
=
-j
；
Any point on the upper half circular arc of =0 is pure inductive reactance, that is to say
=j
；
Any point on the lower semicircular arc of =0 is pure capacitive reactance, that is to say
=-j
. Since the coordinate range of the impedance circle is limited
In the circle of =0, i.e.
The circle and circle of =0 can contain all possible impedance values, unlike rectangular coordinates and polar coordinates, whose coordinates need to be extended infinitely if the impedance values approach infinity, and whose coordinate divisions are no longer fine; in addition, the impedance circular diagram has the characteristics of clear impedance area division, special points of impedance and the like, and is very convenient for impedance analysis, calculation and matching, so that the impedance circular diagram is widely applied to radio frequency technology and engineering application.
The relationship between impedance and normalized impedance is:
namely, it is
In which
Is a characteristic impedance, where
=50 Ω, and fig. 4 is an impedance circle with characteristic impedance of 50 Ω, in which an impedance circle is plottedR=0,10,25,50,100,200 equal resistance circle andX=0, ± 10, ± 25, ± 50, ± 100, ± 250 isoelectric rounding.
FIG. 5 shows an example of impedance sweep test for a 200kHz ultrasonic sensor, the results of which include four parts: firstly, an impedance frequency sweep curve is displayed on an impedance circle graph, wherein small black points in the graph are corresponding positions of impedance values tested according to a frequency sweep range and corresponding step length on the impedance circle graph, and the change trend of the size and the property of impedance along with frequency in the set frequency sweep range is shown. The intersection point of the impedance sweep frequency track and the real axis is an impedance value corresponding to the resonance frequency, the theoretical value is Z = R, but the shortest setting step length is 1kHz, and the sampling point deviates from the resonance frequency by one point, so a small imaginary part exists; the impedances below the real axis, i.e. in the lower half circle, are capacitive complex impedances, i.e. the impedances above the real axis, i.e. in the upper half circle, Z = R-jX, are inductive complex impedances. Secondly, the number of the resonance frequencies, the resonance frequencies and the corresponding impedance values in the set sweep frequency range are displayed in a text box on the right side of the impedance circle diagram; third, the operating frequency point and the corresponding complex impedance value are shown, i.e. the label below the table on the right side of the impedance circle diagram corresponds to the large black spot on the impedance circle diagram. Fourthly, the frequency of each sweep frequency point and the corresponding impedance value can be consulted from the stored data table.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an impedance sweep test example of a 500kHz ultrasonic sensor; FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an example impedance sweep test for a 1MHz ultrasonic sensor.
The existing LRC digital bridge itself is an impedance sweep curve display in a rectangular coordinate system, that is, the real part and the imaginary part of the impedance or the module value and the phase angle of the impedance all use the horizontal axis of the rectangular coordinate as the frequency axis, and the left and right vertical axes, one is the real part of the impedance or the module value of the impedance, and the other is the imaginary part of the impedance or the phase angle of the impedance, as shown in fig. 8, it is a schematic diagram of the display effect of the impedance sweep test result of the existing LCR digital bridge on the 200kHz ultrasonic sensor, where R is the real part of the impedance, and X is the imaginary part of the impedance. Because the display screen is small, coordinate scales are not marked on a coordinate axis, the capacitance of the impedance and the discrimination of an inductive area are not intuitive, and particularly when the impedance changes greatly, the coordinate scales of the longitudinal axis of the impedance are required to be compressed extremely, so that the judgment of the magnitude of the impedance through the longitudinal axis cannot be done, and the online analysis and the performance judgment of the impedance frequency sweep test result are not facilitated. The invention displays the variation trend of the size and the property of the impedance along with the frequency in a set sweep frequency range, the size and the position of a sweep frequency track, the resonance frequency and the corresponding impedance, the position of the working frequency in the circular diagram and the corresponding impedance and the like by virtue of the unique advantages of the Smith circular diagram, and all possible impedance values in the range of the impedance 0- ꝏ are contained in the normalized unit circle of the impedance circular diagram, so that the impedance test curve and the result are clear and intuitive, and the online analysis and the performance judgment of the test result are facilitated.
Claims (6)
1. An impedance testing system based on LCR digital bridge and Smith chart, comprising: the system comprises an LCR digital bridge and an upper computer with a display screen, wherein the upper computer is internally provided with an impedance testing software module based on a Smith chart, an LCR digital bridge parameter configuration interface and an impedance chart display interface; the upper computer performs parameter configuration on the LCR digital bridge, the LCR digital bridge performs impedance frequency sweep test according to the parameter configuration of the upper computer and transmits impedance frequency sweep test data to the upper computer, the impedance circle diagram display interface comprises an impedance circle diagram display area and a text box display area, the impedance test software module based on the Smith circle diagram displays all frequency sweep points provided by the LCR digital bridge and corresponding impedance values in the impedance circle diagram display area, and finally all resonance frequencies, corresponding impedances, working frequencies and corresponding impedances are extracted from the impedance frequency sweep test data and displayed in the text box display area.
2. An LCR digital bridge and Smith chart based impedance testing system according to claim 1, wherein the Smith chart based impedance testing software module comprises the following control steps: the upper computer controls the LCR digital bridge to execute impedance frequency sweep test, after the test is finished, the upper computer calls impedance frequency sweep test data from the LCR digital bridge and stores the impedance frequency sweep test data, then intersection points of impedance real parts and imaginary parts of all frequency points on an impedance circular diagram are searched and marked in a point form, and line segments are fitted between the points to obtain an impedance frequency sweep track of the tested ultrasonic sensor; the upper computer calls impedance frequency sweep test data, executes a searching function, obtains resonance frequencies corresponding to a plurality of resonance points, real parts and imaginary parts of impedance, and real parts and imaginary parts of impedance of working frequency points, and writes the resonance frequencies, the real parts and the imaginary parts of the impedance into a text box display area; storing a circular interface comprising an impedance sweep trace, a resonant frequency and corresponding resonant impedance, a working frequency and corresponding impedance correlation results.
3. The LCR digital bridge and Smith chart based impedance testing system according to claim 2, wherein the upper computer performs parameter configuration on the LCR digital bridge via USB-RS232 interface, the parameter configuration comprises: R-X test function, excitation voltage setting, sweep frequency speed setting, sweep frequency segmentation range and corresponding step length setting.
4. The impedance testing system based on the LCR digital bridge and the Smith chart as claimed in claim 2, wherein the LCR digital bridge transmits the impedance frequency sweep test data to the upper computer through the RS232-USB interface, and the upper computer stores the impedance frequency sweep test data in an Excel format, and the impedance frequency sweep test data comprises: the frequency sweeping range, the frequency sweeping segmented frequency interval and the corresponding step length, the real part and the imaginary part of the impedance corresponding to the frequency sweeping point, the resonant frequency and the corresponding impedance, and the working frequency and the corresponding impedance.
5. An impedance testing system based on LCR digital bridge and Smith chart according to claim 2, wherein the defects in the manufacturing process of the ultrasonic sensor and the advantages and disadvantages of the ultrasonic sensor are analyzed according to the shape, size, position on the impedance chart, resonance frequency, resonance impedance, and impedance of the working frequency point of the impedance sweep curve of the ultrasonic sensor to be tested.
6. The impedance testing system based on the LCR digital bridge and the Smith chart as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the ultrasonic sensors of the same model: the irregular curve shape indicates that the uniformity of the bonding adhesive is poor, the small curve track area indicates that the bonding adhesive layer is too thick or the capacitance is too small, the deviation of the curve position indicates that the piezoelectric plate is bonded poorly, the deviation of the resonance frequency from a normal value indicates that the thickness of the matching layer is inappropriate, the deviation of the resonance impedance from a normal value indicates that the matching layer or the piezoelectric plate is bonded poorly, and the deviation of the impedance of the working frequency point from a normal value indicates that the thickness of the matching layer is inappropriate or the piezoelectric plate and/or the matching layer is bonded poorly.
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