CN115201087A - True triaxial seepage test system and test method - Google Patents
True triaxial seepage test system and test method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 77
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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Abstract
The invention discloses a true triaxial seepage test system which comprises a pressure chamber and a true triaxial loading unit, wherein a sample is placed in the pressure chamber, the true triaxial loading unit is used for loading the sample, a first loading assembly can utilize a first pressure rod and a first pressure head to apply transverse load to the sample and deform the sample, a second loading assembly can utilize liquid pressurization equipment to apply front and back liquid load to the sample, a third loading assembly can utilize the second pressure rod and the second pressure head to apply vertical axial load to the sample and deform the sample, gas channels are arranged in a base and the second pressure head and can be communicated with the sample, and a gas control unit can perform vacuumizing or inflation operation on the sample through the gas channels, so that the test can be performed smoothly. The invention also provides a true triaxial seepage test method, which utilizes the true triaxial seepage test system and combines different loading modes, thereby simulating the actual coal seam seepage conditions on site.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seepage test equipment and peripheral supporting facilities thereof, in particular to a true triaxial seepage test system and a test method.
Background
China is a large country of coal resources, most coal seams which can be mined in coal mines belong to high-gas low-permeability coal seams, the coal seams are accompanied by complex gas migration processes and are usually in a true triaxial stress state. In the production process of a mine, the mining engineering destroys the balance of an original rock stress field and the balance of original gas pressure, new stress distribution and gas flow can be formed in the surrounding rock mass, and the coal permeability is an important index for evaluating the difficulty of fluid flow in the coal, and is a key parameter for gas dynamic disaster prevention and control and gas extraction rate. Therefore, the research on the displacement seepage rule of the coal body in the real stress state has certain guiding significance for revealing the evolution rule of the permeability of the coal bed.
In recent years, in order to research the coal bed gas seepage characteristics, researchers at home and abroad successively research a plurality of related devices and carry out related experimental researches, but the existing experimental device has certain defects and shortcomings in experimental functions and experimental conditions:
1. the seepage test influence factor that present experimental apparatus considered is relatively more single, and none device is with temperature, pressure, deformation, initial stress, spacing condition etc. comprehensive consideration. Therefore, the experiments performed are not able to more realistically simulate in situ actual coal seam seepage conditions.
2. At present, liquid is mostly adopted for loading pressure in the left and right directions of the existing experimental device, sigma 2= sigma 3 is limited, and a real stress state cannot be simulated. The pressure loading system of the experimental device capable of meeting the true triaxial loading is difficult to assemble and difficult to replace, and cannot meet the diversity of loading modes.
3. The existing experimental device mostly adopts a drainage method for measuring the gas flow, but errors caused by factors such as gas leakage, inaccurate reading and the like cannot be eliminated, and the measuring process is complicated.
Therefore, how to change the current situation that the seepage test device cannot simulate the actual coal seam seepage conditions on site in the prior art becomes a problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a true triaxial seepage test system and a true triaxial seepage test method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, so that the test can better simulate the actual coal seam seepage conditions on site, and convenient conditions are provided for the research of the coal permeability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a true triaxial seepage test system, comprising:
a pressure chamber which is a closed container and in which a sample can be contained;
a true triaxial loading unit comprising a first loading assembly capable of applying a load to the specimen along an X-axis, a second loading assembly capable of applying a load to the specimen along a Y-axis, and a third loading assembly capable of applying a load to the specimen along a Z-axis, the X-axis being perpendicular to the Y-axis, the Z-axis being perpendicular to a plane in which the X-axis and the Y-axis lie; the first loading assembly comprises a first pressure head and a first pressure rod, the first pressure head can abut against the sample, one end of the first pressure rod is connected with the first pressure head, the other end of the first pressure rod is connected with the pressure chamber in a sliding mode and extends out of the pressure chamber, the reciprocating sliding direction of the first pressure rod is parallel to the X axis, the first pressure head and the first pressure rod are in two groups, and the two groups of first pressure heads and the first pressure rod are symmetrically arranged by taking the center line of the sample as an axis; the second loading assembly comprises a liquid pressurizing device and a constant temperature assembly, the liquid pressurizing device can pressurize liquid, the liquid pressurizing device is communicated with the pressure chamber, the constant temperature assembly is connected with the liquid pressurizing device, and the constant temperature assembly can control the temperature of working liquid; the third loading assembly comprises a second pressure head, a second pressure rod and a base, the base is matched with the second pressure head to fix the sample, gas channels are arranged in the second pressure head and the base, one end of each gas channel is communicated with the sample, the other end of each gas channel is connected with a gas control unit, each gas control unit can vacuumize the sample and inflate the sample, the second pressure rod is connected with the second pressure head and is slidably connected with the pressure chamber, the reciprocating sliding direction of the second pressure rod is parallel to the Z axis, and one end, far away from the second pressure head, of the second pressure rod extends out of the pressure chamber; sealing elements are arranged between the first pressure rod and the pressure chamber and between the second pressure rod and the pressure chamber;
the test unit, the test unit can be right the deformation of sample is monitored, the test unit can also monitor the loading state of true triaxial loading unit, the test unit can also monitor the operating condition of gas control unit.
Preferably, the pressure chamber includes main room, lid and buckle, the lid with the connection can be dismantled to the main room, the lid with set up sealing element between the main room, the buckle with lid threaded connection, the lid with set up transparent organic glass between the buckle, transparent organic glass is just right the sample sets up.
Preferably, the true triaxial loading unit further comprises a limiting assembly, the limiting assembly is detachably connected with the first loading assembly and the third loading assembly, and the limiting assembly can fix the relative positions of the first compression bar and the second compression bar to the pressure chamber, so that the first loading assembly and the third loading assembly are kept in a certain loading state;
the limiting assembly comprises a limiting plate, a limiting screw and a fixing rod, one end of the fixing rod is detachably connected with the pressure chamber, the other end of the fixing rod is connected with the limiting plate, the limiting screw penetrates through the limiting plate and abuts against the first pressing rod or the second pressing rod, and the limiting screw is in threaded connection with the limiting plate.
Preferably, one end of each of the first compression bar and the second compression bar, which faces the limiting screw rod, is provided with a limiting groove, the limiting grooves are spherical grooves, the limiting screw rod is provided with a contact head matched with the limiting grooves, and the contact head is rotatably arranged in the limiting grooves; the first pressing rod and the second pressing rod are provided with flange plates towards one ends of the limiting screw rods, and the first pressing rod and the second pressing rod can be connected with the test unit through flanges.
Preferably, liquid pressure equipment includes booster pump and pressurized water tank, the booster pump with pressurized water tank communicates mutually, constant temperature components includes the heater, the booster pump can also be linked together with outside water source, the booster pump passes through the heater with the water inlet of pressure chamber is linked together, the booster pump can be right working fluid pressurizes, the heater can be right working fluid heats, the outlet of pressure chamber with pressurized water tank communicates mutually.
Preferably, the gas control unit comprises a vacuum pump, a high-pressure gas storage bottle and a filter, the vacuum pump is connected with the filter, and the high-pressure gas storage bottle and the filter are communicated with the gas channel by a communication pipeline;
the filter is further connected with a vacuum degree sensor, the vacuum degree sensor is connected with a vacuum degree digital display meter, the high-pressure gas storage bottle is connected with a pressure reducing valve and a flowmeter, the gas outlet end of the pressure reducing valve is connected with the gas inlet end of the flowmeter, the gas outlet end of the flowmeter is communicated with the external environment, and a control valve is arranged between the communicating pipeline and the gas channel.
Preferably, the test unit comprises a deformation test assembly, the deformation test assembly comprises a resistance-type strain gauge and a strain acquisition instrument, the resistance-type strain gauge is connected with the strain acquisition instrument, the resistance-type strain gauge is arranged on a side elevation of the sample parallel to the X axis, the number of the resistance-type strain gauges is two, the direction of one resistance-type strain gauge is parallel to the X axis, and the direction of the other resistance-type strain gauge is parallel to the Z axis;
the test unit further comprises a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor is connected with the pressure chamber, and the temperature sensor can monitor the temperature of the working liquid in the pressure chamber.
Preferably, the first loading assembly can be connected with a pressure cylinder, when the first loading assembly is connected with the pressure cylinder, the piston end of the pressure cylinder is connected with the first pressure rod, and a load sensor is further arranged between the piston end of the pressure cylinder and the first pressure rod.
Preferably, the first pressure lever is connected with the first pressure head in an inserting manner, the first pressure lever is provided with an inserting groove, the first pressure head is provided with an inserting block matched with the inserting groove, and the inserting block is in a shape of a Chinese character 'tu';
the base is connected with the bottom of the pressure chamber in a sliding mode, a sliding groove is formed in the bottom of the pressure chamber and is a dovetail groove, and the base is arranged in the sliding groove in a sliding mode.
The invention also provides a true triaxial seepage test method, which comprises the steps of arranging the sample in the pressure chamber by using the true triaxial seepage test system, fixing the sample by using the base, the second pressure rod and the second pressure head, applying load to the sample by using the first loading assembly and the third loading assembly to deform the sample, applying liquid load by using the second loading assembly, exhausting or inflating the sample by using the gas control unit, changing the working state of the true triaxial loading unit to simulate the actual coal seam seepage condition, and monitoring the test state of the sample by using the test unit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention achieves the following technical effects: according to the true triaxial seepage test system, a sample is placed in a pressure chamber, a true triaxial loading unit is used for loading the sample, a first loading assembly can apply transverse load to the sample by using a first pressure rod and a first pressure head and deform the sample, a second loading assembly can apply front and back liquid load to the sample by using liquid pressurizing equipment, a third loading assembly can apply vertical axial load to the sample by using the second pressure rod and the second pressure head and deform the sample, gas channels are arranged in a base and the second pressure head and communicated with the sample, and a gas control unit can perform vacuumizing or inflating operation on the sample through the gas channels, so that the test can be performed smoothly. The invention also provides a true triaxial seepage test method, which utilizes the true triaxial seepage test system.
The true triaxial seepage test system is flexible and mobile, and provides convenient and fast research conditions for deep research.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a true triaxial seepage test system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a pressure chamber of a true triaxial seepage testing system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a pressure chamber of a true triaxial seepage testing system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a pressure chamber of a true triaxial seepage testing system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pressure chamber of the true triaxial seepage testing system according to the present invention during a one-way limit test;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a pressure chamber of a true triaxial seepage testing system according to the present invention during a bidirectional limiting test;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixation rod of the true triaxial seepage testing system of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a first compression bar of the true triaxial seepage testing system according to the present invention.
The pressure measuring device comprises a pressure chamber 1, a main chamber 101, a cover 102, a buckle plate 103, a transparent organic glass 104, a first pressure rod 2, a first pressure head 3, a second pressure rod 4, a second pressure head 5, a limiting component 6, a limiting plate 601, a limiting screw 602, a fixing rod 603, a limiting groove 7, a booster pump 8, a booster water tank 9, a heater 10, a temperature sensor 11, a vacuum pump 12, a high-pressure gas storage bottle 13, a filter 14, a vacuum degree sensor 15, a vacuum degree digital display meter 16, a digital display pressure meter 17, a flow meter 18, a pressure cylinder 19, a load sensor 20, a water inlet 21, a water outlet 22, a buffer tank 23, a manual pump 24, a base 25, a sealing assembly 26, a heat shrinkable tube 27 and a sample 28.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a true triaxial seepage test system and a true triaxial seepage test method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, so that the test can better simulate the actual coal seam seepage conditions on site, and provide convenient conditions for the research of the coal permeability.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description thereof.
Referring to fig. 1-8, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a true triaxial seepage testing system of the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic front view of a pressure chamber of the true triaxial seepage testing system of the present invention, fig. 3 is a schematic side view of the pressure chamber of the true triaxial seepage testing system of the present invention, fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the pressure chamber of the true triaxial seepage testing system of the present invention, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the pressure chamber of the true triaxial seepage testing system of the present invention during a one-way limit test, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the pressure chamber of the true triaxial seepage testing system of the present invention during a two-way limit test, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixing rod of the true triaxial seepage testing system of the present invention, and fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a first pressing rod of the true triaxial seepage testing system of the present invention.
The invention provides a true triaxial seepage test system, comprising:
the pressure chamber 1 is a closed container, and the sample 28 can be contained in the pressure chamber 1.
The loading device comprises a true triaxial loading unit, a loading unit and a control unit, wherein the true triaxial loading unit comprises a first loading assembly, a second loading assembly and a third loading assembly, the first loading assembly can apply load to the sample 28 along an X axis, the second loading assembly can apply load to the sample 28 along a Y axis, the third loading assembly can apply load to the sample 28 along a Z axis, the X axis is perpendicular to the Y axis, and the Z axis is perpendicular to the X axis and the plane of the Y axis; the first loading assembly comprises a first pressure head 3 and a first pressure rod 2, the first pressure head 3 can abut against a sample 28, one end of the first pressure rod 2 is connected with the first pressure head 3, the other end of the first pressure rod 2 is slidably connected with the pressure chamber 1 and extends out of the pressure chamber 1, the reciprocating sliding direction of the first pressure rod 2 is parallel to an X axis, the number of the first pressure head 3 and the number of the first pressure rod 2 are two, and the two groups of the first pressure head 3 and the first pressure rod 2 are symmetrically arranged by taking the central line of the sample 28 as an axis; the second loading assembly comprises liquid pressurizing equipment and a constant temperature assembly, the liquid pressurizing equipment can pressurize liquid, the liquid pressurizing equipment is communicated with the pressure chamber 1, the constant temperature assembly is connected with the liquid pressurizing equipment, and the constant temperature assembly can control the temperature of working liquid; the third loading assembly comprises a second pressure head 5, a second pressure rod 4 and a base 25, the base 25 is matched with the second pressure head 5 to fix a sample 28, gas channels are arranged in the second pressure head 5 and the base 25 respectively, one end of each gas channel is communicated with the sample 28, the other end of each gas channel is connected with a gas control unit, each gas control unit can vacuumize the sample 28 and inflate the sample 28, the second pressure rod 4 is connected with the second pressure head 5, the second pressure rod 4 is slidably connected with the pressure chamber 1, the reciprocating sliding direction of the second pressure rod 4 is parallel to the Z axis, and one end, far away from the second pressure head 5, of the second pressure rod 4 extends out of the pressure chamber 1; sealing elements are arranged between the first pressure rod 2 and the pressure chamber 1 and between the second pressure rod 4 and the pressure chamber 1; the sealing element is a seal assembly 26 that seals while guiding.
The test unit can monitor the deformation of sample 28, and the test unit can also monitor the loading state of true triaxial loading unit, and the test unit can also monitor the operating condition of gas control unit.
According to the true triaxial seepage test system, a sample 28 is placed in a pressure chamber 1, a true triaxial loading unit is used for loading the sample 28, a first loading assembly can apply transverse load to the sample 28 by using a first pressure rod 2 and a first pressure head 3 and deform the sample 28, a second loading assembly can apply liquid load in the front-back direction to the sample 28 by using liquid pressurizing equipment, a third loading assembly can apply vertical axial load to the sample 28 by using a second pressure rod 4 and a second pressure head 5 and deform the sample 28, gas channels are arranged in a base 25 and the second pressure head 5 and can be communicated with the sample 28, and a gas control unit can perform vacuumizing or inflation operation on the sample 28 through the gas channels, so that the test can be performed smoothly. The true triaxial seepage test system is flexible and mobile, and provides convenient research conditions for deep research. It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the X axis is the lateral direction, the Y axis is the front-back direction, the Z axis is the vertical direction, the "lateral direction" herein corresponds to the left-right direction of the pressure chamber 1 in fig. 1 of the specification, and the "front-back" corresponds to the direction in which the pressure chamber 1 is perpendicular to the paper in fig. 1 of the specification.
In this embodiment, pressure chamber 1 includes main chamber 101, lid 102 and buckle 103, lid 102 can dismantle with main chamber 101 and be connected, it tests to conveniently change sample 28, set up sealing element between lid 102 and the main chamber 101, guarantee pressure chamber 1's leakproofness, buckle 103 and lid 102 threaded connection, make things convenient for the dismouting, set up transparent organic glass 104 between lid 102 and the buckle 103, transparent organic glass 104 is just setting up sample 28, the visualization of pressure chamber 1 has been realized, utilize transparent organic glass 104 can observe deformation and the seepage flow process of sample 28 in the testing process. Here, in the test, it is necessary to fit the heat shrinkable tube 27 around the sample 28, and for the convenience of observation, the transparent heat shrinkable tube 27 is selected to fit around the sample 28.
Specifically, the true triaxial loading unit further comprises a limiting assembly 6, the limiting assembly 6 is detachably connected with the first loading assembly and the third loading assembly, and the limiting assembly 6 can fix the relative positions of the first pressure rod 2 and the second pressure rod 4 and the pressure chamber 1, so that the first loading assembly and the third loading assembly can keep a certain loading state, and the seepage process of the sample 28 under a certain limiting condition can be simulated conveniently.
Wherein, limiting component 6 includes limiting plate 601, limiting screw 602 and dead lever 603, the one end and the pressure chamber 1 of dead lever 603 can be dismantled and be connected, the other end and the limiting plate 601 of dead lever 603 link to each other, limiting screw 602 passes limiting plate 601 and offsets with first depression bar 2 or second depression bar 4, limiting screw 602 and limiting plate 601 threaded connection, rotatory limiting screw 602, can utilize limiting screw 602 to promote first depression bar 2 or second depression bar 4 motion, and then utilize first pressure head 3 or second pressure head 5 to exert certain load to sample 28, the dead lever 603 is fixed the distance between limiting plate 601 and the pressure chamber 1, thereby make limiting screw 602 and limiting plate 601 cooperate and make the load keep the certain state, when the load that needs keep certain direction maintains at certain loading pressure, can make limiting component 6 and first loading component or third loading component link to each other, thereby play the limiting action, improve test system's simulation comprehensiveness. In this embodiment, both ends of the fixing rod 603 are provided with external threads, and both ends of the fixing rod 603 are respectively in threaded connection with the limiting plate 601 and the pressure chamber 1, so that the assembly and disassembly are convenient, the connection is tight, and the operation of a tester is greatly facilitated.
It should be emphasized here that one end of the first pressure lever 2 and the second pressure lever 4 facing the limit screw 602 is provided with a limit groove 7, the limit groove 7 is a spherical groove, the limit screw 602 is provided with a contact head matched with the limit groove 7, the contact head is rotatably arranged in the limit groove 7, and the first pressure lever 2 and the limit screw 602 as well as the second pressure lever 4 and the limit screw 602 are in spherical abutment, so that the bias voltage of the first pressure head 3 and the second pressure head 5 is effectively avoided, and the test result can better reflect the real stress change condition of the sample 28; the flange plates are arranged at the ends, facing the limiting screw 602, of the first pressing rod 2 and the second pressing rod 4, and the first pressing rod 2 and the second pressing rod 4 can be connected with the testing unit through flanges, so that the convenience of dismounting operation is improved.
More specifically, the liquid pressurization equipment includes booster pump 8 and pressurized water tank 9, booster pump 8 is linked together with pressurized water tank 9, the constant temperature subassembly includes heater 10, booster pump 8 can also be linked together with outside water source, booster pump 8 is linked together through heater 10 and pressure chamber 1's water inlet 21, booster pump 8 can pressurize working liquid, heater 10 can heat working liquid, pressure chamber 1's outlet 22 is linked together with pressurized water tank 9. The booster pump 8 pressurizes water and then inputs the water into the pressure chamber 1 through the water inlet 21 to apply pressure in the front-back direction to the sample 28, after the test is finished, the water is stored in the booster water tank 9, the heater 10 in the constant temperature assembly can heat the water, so that the temperature of the water in the pressure chamber 1 is kept constant or the temperature of working liquid in the pressure chamber 1 is changed to simulate coal sample stress states of various different environments, the test unit further comprises a temperature sensor 11, the temperature sensor 11 is connected with the pressure chamber 1, the temperature sensor 11 can monitor the temperature of the working liquid in the pressure chamber 1, and the controllability of the test system is improved.
Correspondingly, the gas control unit comprises a vacuum pump 12, a high-pressure gas storage bottle 13 and a filter 14, wherein the vacuum pump 12 is connected with the filter 14, and the high-pressure gas storage bottle 13 and the filter 14 are communicated with the gas channel by a communication pipeline; the filter 14 is also connected with a vacuum degree sensor 15, the vacuum degree sensor 15 is connected with a vacuum degree digital display meter 16, the high-pressure gas storage bottle 13 is connected with a pressure reducing valve and a flow meter 18, and a control valve is arranged between the communication pipeline and the gas channel. Vacuum pump 12 can carry out the evacuation to sample 28, ensures that gas and moisture in the coal sample are taken out completely, utilizes vacuum sensor 15 to monitor the evacuation state simultaneously, and vacuum digital display table 16 has made things convenient for the operation of tester's reading, has set up filter 14 between vacuum pump 12 and the pressure chamber 1, guarantees that vacuum pump 12 can work smoothly. In the test process, the gas control unit can utilize the high-pressure gas storage bottle 13 to charge gas into the sample 28, the digital display pressure gauge 17 and the flow meter 18 are arranged on the communicating pipeline, the gas outlet end of the pressure reducing valve is connected with the gas inlet end of the flow meter 18, the gas outlet end of the flow meter 18 is communicated with the atmosphere, and after the coal sample reaches adsorption balance, the subsequent test steps are carried out.
Meanwhile, the test unit comprises a deformation test assembly, the deformation test assembly comprises a resistance type strain gauge and a strain acquisition instrument, the resistance type strain gauge is connected with the strain acquisition instrument, the resistance type strain gauge is arranged on a side vertical face of the sample 28 parallel to the X axis, the number of the resistance type strain gauges is two, the direction of one resistance type strain gauge is parallel to the X axis, the direction of the other resistance type strain gauge is parallel to the Z axis, the transverse and axial deformation of the sample 28 is respectively monitored, and the strain acquisition instrument can collect the deformation data of the sample 28. It should be explained here that the resistance type strain gauge is not in contact with the first indenter 3 and the second indenter 5, the resistance type strain gauge is disposed on the side elevation of the sample 28, and the resistance type strain gauge is located on the side elevation of the sample 28 away from the transparent organic glass 104, the resistance type strain gauge can monitor the deformation data of the sample 28, and meanwhile, an operator can observe the macroscopic state change of the sample 28 during the test process by using the transparent organic glass 104.
Besides, the first loading assembly can be connected with the pressure cylinder 19, when the first loading assembly is connected with the pressure cylinder 19, the piston end of the pressure cylinder 19 is connected with the first pressure rod 2, and the load sensor 20 is further arranged between the piston end of the pressure cylinder 19 and the first pressure rod 2, so that when the first loading assembly is loaded, the pressure cylinder 19 can be utilized to drive the first pressure rod 2 to move, the loading stability is ensured, and the load sensor 20 can monitor the loading pressure value.
It should be further noted that the first pressure lever 2 is connected with the first pressure head 3 in an inserting manner, the first pressure lever 2 is provided with an inserting groove, the first pressure head 3 is provided with an inserting block matched with the inserting groove, and the axial section of the inserting block is in a shape of a Chinese character 'tu'; plug-in connection, the dismouting is convenient, avoids first pressure head 3 to produce the displacement of vertical direction, and in the actual operation, can also change first pressure head 3 according to experimental demand, improves the nimble adaptability and the maintenance convenience of system.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the base 25 is slidably connected to the bottom of the pressure chamber 1, the bottom of the pressure chamber 1 has a sliding groove, the sliding groove is a dovetail groove, and the base 25 is slidably disposed in the sliding groove, which facilitates the installation and positioning of the base 25, prevents the base 25 from generating axial displacement, improves the stability of the base 25, and facilitates the adjustment of the horizontal position of the base 25.
The invention also provides a true triaxial seepage test method, which is further explained by using the true triaxial seepage test system through specific embodiments.
In the true triaxial seepage test process under the unidirectional limiting condition, the two sides of the first loading assembly are connected with the limiting assemblies 6, and the method for testing the permeability of the coal rock comprises the following steps, wherein in order to ensure the tightness of the heat shrinkable tube 27 in the test process, the gas pressure is smaller than the confining pressure.
(1) Sample 28 was prepared. The sample 28 is processed into a rectangular sample 28 by a numerical control linear cutting machine, the height direction of the sample 28 is parallel to the bedding direction of the coal body, and a resistance type strain gauge is transversely and longitudinally pasted on the back of the coal sample at an included angle of 90 degrees.
(2) And (6) installing a coal sample. Taking out the base 25 from the pressure chamber 1, placing the coal sample on the base 25, sleeving the coal sample with a section of heat-shrinkable tube 27 longer than the coal sample, extending out the wiring of the resistance-type strain gauge from the bottom of the heat-shrinkable tube 27, placing the second pressure head 5 on the coal sample, uniformly blowing the heat-shrinkable tube 27 by electric blowing to be hot and compressed so as to ensure that the heat-shrinkable tube 27 is tightly contacted with the side surface of the coal sample, and then respectively hooping the parts of the upper and lower ends of the sample 28, which are overlapped with the base 25 and the second pressure head 5, by metal hoops.
(3) And (5) installing. The second pressure head 5, the coal sample and the base 25 which are installed are placed into the pressure chamber 1 along a dovetail groove at the bottom of the pressure chamber 1, a gas inlet pipe and a gas outlet pipe are connected, and a resistance type strain gauge is connected with a data transmission wiring; fixing a cover 102 at the front end of a pressure chamber 1 by using bolts, then placing transparent organic glass 104 in a groove of the cover 102, covering a buckle plate 103 and fixing the buckle plate by using bolts; the second strut 4, left first strut 2, right first strut 2 and seal assembly 26 are assembled.
(4) And (5) keeping constant temperature. Connecting the water outlet 22, the booster pump 8, the heater 10 and the water inlet 21, opening the valve of the air outlet and the valve of the water inlet 21, adding the water in the booster water tank 9 into the pressure chamber 1 through the water inlet 21, closing the valve of the air outlet when the temperature sensor 11 is submerged in the water, opening the heater 10, and setting the test temperature.
(5) And (4) carrying out seepage test on the full stress-strain process.
a. And (4) vacuumizing. Confirming the closure of the valve of the exhaust port, checking the air tightness of the device container, opening the vacuum pipeline valve, and using the vacuum pump 12 to degas, ensuring that the gas and the moisture in the coal sample are completely pumped.
b. And applying confining pressure. Placing the pressure chamber 1 on a servo press, rotating the right limit screw 602 to generate a certain initial deformation of the coal sample, applying a left-right pressure by using a manual pump 24, and monitoring and reading data by using a load sensor 20; setting a pressure value, starting the booster pump 8, pressurizing the water in the pressure chamber 1 and applying pressure in the front-back direction, and keeping the confining pressure unchanged in the test process. The manual pump 24 is connected with a buffer tank 23 to achieve the purpose of uniform loading.
c. And (6) inflating. And opening the high-pressure gas storage bottle 13, opening a valve at the gas inlet, keeping the pressure constant, inflating the coal sample, opening a valve at the gas outlet when the coal sample is in adsorption balance, namely the reading of a pressure gauge at the gas inlet is stable, and applying axial pressure after the gas flow and the pressure are stable for 30 min.
d. And (4) loading the axial pressure. And opening the press, setting the pressure loading speed, pushing the second pressure rod 4 by using the servo press to continuously apply axial pressure to the coal sample, observing the deformation of the coal sample in the test process through the transparent organic glass 104, collecting related test data by using a computer, and finishing the test after the coal sample is damaged.
(6) And (4) seepage test under different stress and gas pressure conditions.
a. And (4) vacuumizing. Confirming the closure of the valve of the exhaust port, checking the air tightness of the device container, opening the vacuum pipeline valve, and using the vacuum pump 12 to degas, ensuring that the gas and the moisture in the coal sample are completely pumped.
b. And applying confining pressure. Placing the pressure chamber 1 on a servo press, rotating the right limit screw 602 to generate a certain initial deformation of the coal sample, applying a left-right direction pressure by using a manual pump 24, and monitoring and reading data by using a load sensor 20; setting a pressure value, starting the booster pump 8, pressurizing the water in the pressure chamber 1 and applying pressure in the front-back direction, and keeping the confining pressure unchanged in the test process.
c. And (4) carrying out seepage test under different stress conditions. Opening a high-pressure gas storage bottle 13, opening a valve at a gas inlet, keeping the pressure constant, inflating gas into the coal sample, opening a valve at a gas outlet when the coal sample achieves adsorption balance, namely the reading of a pressure gauge at the gas inlet is stable, and applying axial pressure after the gas flow and the pressure are stable for 30 min; and opening the press, applying axial pressure to the coal sample and keeping the pressure unchanged, continuously increasing the axial pressure of the system by adopting a step-by-step pressurizing mode after the gas flow and the pressure of the gas outlet are stable, performing seepage tests under different stress conditions, observing the deformation of the coal sample in the test process through the transparent organic glass 104, and collecting related test data by using a computer.
d. And (3) carrying out seepage test under different gas pressure conditions. Opening the press machine, setting a pressure value, pushing the second pressure rod 4 by using the servo press machine to apply axial pressure to the system, and keeping the axial pressure and confining pressure unchanged in the test process after the pressure is stable; opening the high-pressure gas storage bottle 13, keeping the pressure constant, inflating the coal sample, opening a valve of the exhaust port when the coal sample reaches adsorption balance, namely the reading of the pressure gauge of the gas inlet is stable, and after the coal sample reaches adsorption balance at each pressure point and the gas flow at the exhaust port is stable, continuously increasing the gas pressure in a step-by-step pressurizing mode, performing seepage tests under different gas pressure conditions, observing the deformation of the coal sample in the test process through the transparent organic glass 104, and collecting related test data by using a computer.
(7) And (4) seepage test under the condition of unidirectional limiting.
a. And installing a one-way limiting device. The pressure cylinder 19 at the left side of the pressure chamber 1 is detached, the limit component 6 is arranged at the left side of the pressure chamber 1 and is fixed by a nut, the limit screw rods 602 at the left side and the right side are rotated successively to lead the coal sample to generate certain deformation,
b. and (3) performing one-way limiting seepage test under different stress conditions. Opening a high-pressure gas storage bottle 13, opening a valve of a gas inlet, keeping the pressure constant, inflating gas into the coal sample, opening a valve of a gas outlet when the coal sample reaches adsorption balance, namely the reading of a pressure gauge of the gas inlet is stable, and starting to apply axial pressure after the gas flow and the pressure are stable for 30 min; and opening the press machine, applying axial pressure to the coal sample and keeping the pressure unchanged, continuously increasing the axial pressure of the system by adopting a step-by-step pressurization mode after the gas flow and the pressure of the gas outlet are stable, carrying out one-way limiting seepage tests under different stress conditions, observing the deformation of the coal sample in the test process through the transparent organic glass 104, and collecting related test data by using a computer.
c. And (3) performing one-way limiting seepage test under different gas pressure conditions. Opening the press, setting a pressure value to apply axial pressure to the system, and keeping the axial pressure and the position of the limit screw 602 unchanged in the test process after the pressure is stable; opening the high-pressure gas storage bottle 13, keeping the pressure constant, inflating the coal sample, opening a valve of the exhaust port when the coal sample reaches adsorption balance, namely the reading of the pressure gauge of the gas inlet is stable, and after the coal sample reaches adsorption balance at each pressure point and the gas flow at the exhaust port is stable, continuously increasing the gas pressure in a step-by-step pressurizing mode, performing seepage tests under different gas pressure conditions, observing the deformation of the coal sample in the test process through the transparent organic glass 104, and collecting related test data by using a computer.
(8) And (4) seepage test under a bidirectional limiting condition.
a. And (5) installing a bidirectional limiting device. On the basis of a seepage test system under the condition of unidirectional limiting, a fixed rod 603 is arranged on a screw hole at the top of a pressure chamber 1, a limiting plate 601 of a limiting assembly 6 is arranged on the fixed rod 603 and is fixed by a nut, limiting screws 602 in the left direction, the right direction and the top direction are rotated successively to enable a coal sample to generate certain deformation,
b. and (3) performing bidirectional limiting seepage test under different gas pressure conditions. Keeping the position of the limit screw 602 unchanged in the test process, opening the high-pressure gas storage bottle 13, keeping the pressure constant, inflating the coal sample, waiting for the coal sample to reach adsorption balance, namely, when the reading of the gas inlet pressure gauge is stable, opening the valve of the gas outlet, when the coal sample reaches adsorption balance under each pressure point, and after the gas flow of the gas outlet is stable, continuously improving the gas pressure by adopting a step-by-step pressurizing mode, performing seepage tests under different gas pressure conditions, observing the deformation of the coal sample in the test process through the transparent organic glass 104, and collecting related test data by adopting a computer.
(9) The test was completed. The water in the pressure chamber 1 was stored in the pressurized water tank 9, the lid 102 was removed, and the coal sample was taken out to end the test.
The invention comprehensively reflects the influence of temperature, pressure, deformation, initial stress and limit conditions on the seepage process and the deformation dynamic evolution characteristics of the coal body, can carry out tests under the influence of single factor and under the coupling action of multiple factors, better solves the problem of true triaxial loading, can better simulate the actual coal bed seepage conditions on site and can more truly reflect the seepage rule of the coal body in the true stress state, and the true triaxial seepage test system of the invention realizes the diversity of loading modes and has wide application range.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A true triaxial seepage test system, comprising:
a pressure chamber which is a closed container and in which a sample can be contained;
a true triaxial loading unit comprising a first loading assembly capable of applying a load to the specimen along an X-axis, a second loading assembly capable of applying a load to the specimen along a Y-axis, and a third loading assembly capable of applying a load to the specimen along a Z-axis, the X-axis being perpendicular to the Y-axis, the Z-axis being perpendicular to a plane in which the X-axis and the Y-axis lie; the first loading assembly comprises a first pressure head and a first pressure rod, the first pressure head can abut against the sample, one end of the first pressure rod is connected with the first pressure head, the other end of the first pressure rod is connected with the pressure chamber in a sliding mode and extends out of the pressure chamber, the reciprocating sliding direction of the first pressure rod is parallel to the X axis, the first pressure head and the first pressure rod are in two groups, and the two groups of first pressure heads and the first pressure rod are symmetrically arranged by taking the center line of the sample as an axis; the second loading assembly comprises a liquid pressurizing device and a constant temperature assembly, the liquid pressurizing device can pressurize liquid, the liquid pressurizing device is communicated with the pressure chamber, the constant temperature assembly is connected with the liquid pressurizing device, and the constant temperature assembly can control the temperature of working liquid; the third loading assembly comprises a second pressure head, a second pressure rod and a base, the base is matched with the second pressure head to fix the sample, gas channels are arranged in the second pressure head and the base, one end of each gas channel is communicated with the sample, the other end of each gas channel is connected with a gas control unit, each gas control unit can vacuumize the sample and inflate the sample, the second pressure rod is connected with the second pressure head and is slidably connected with the pressure chamber, the reciprocating sliding direction of the second pressure rod is parallel to the Z axis, and one end, far away from the second pressure head, of the second pressure rod extends out of the pressure chamber; sealing elements are arranged between the first pressure rod and the pressure chamber and between the second pressure rod and the pressure chamber;
the test unit, the test unit can be right the deformation of sample is monitored, the test unit can also monitor the loading state of true triaxial loading unit, the test unit can also monitor the operating condition of gas control unit.
2. The true triaxial seepage testing system of claim 1, wherein: the pressure chamber includes main room, lid and buckle, the lid with the connection can be dismantled to the main room, the lid with set up sealing element between the main room, the buckle with lid threaded connection, the lid with set up transparent organic glass between the buckle, transparent organic glass is just right the sample sets up.
3. The true triaxial seepage testing system of claim 1, wherein: the true triaxial loading unit further comprises a limiting assembly, the limiting assembly is detachably connected with the first loading assembly and the third loading assembly, and the limiting assembly can fix the relative positions of the first pressure rod and the second pressure rod with the pressure chamber so as to enable the first loading assembly and the third loading assembly to keep a certain loading state;
the limiting assembly comprises a limiting plate, a limiting screw and a fixing rod, one end of the fixing rod is detachably connected with the pressure chamber, the other end of the fixing rod is connected with the limiting plate, the limiting screw penetrates through the limiting plate and abuts against the first pressing rod or the second pressing rod, and the limiting screw is in threaded connection with the limiting plate.
4. The true triaxial seepage testing system of claim 3, wherein: the first pressure lever and the second pressure lever are provided with limiting grooves towards one ends of the limiting screw rods, the limiting grooves are spherical grooves, the limiting screw rods are provided with contact heads matched with the limiting grooves, and the contact heads are rotatably arranged in the limiting grooves; the first pressing rod and the second pressing rod are provided with flange plates towards one ends of the limiting screw rods, and the first pressing rod and the second pressing rod can be connected with the test unit through flanges.
5. The true triaxial seepage testing system of claim 1, wherein: the liquid pressurization equipment includes booster pump and pressurized water tank, the booster pump with pressurized water tank communicates mutually, constant temperature component includes the heater, the booster pump can also be linked together with outside water source, the booster pump passes through the heater with the water inlet of pressure chamber is linked together, the booster pump can be right working fluid pressurizes, the heater can be right working fluid heats, the outlet of pressure chamber with pressurized water tank communicates mutually.
6. The true triaxial seepage testing system of claim 1, wherein: the gas control unit comprises a vacuum pump, a high-pressure gas storage bottle and a filter, the vacuum pump is connected with the filter, and the high-pressure gas storage bottle and the filter are communicated with the gas channel by a communication pipeline;
the filter is further connected with a vacuum degree sensor, the vacuum degree sensor is connected with a vacuum degree digital display meter, the high-pressure gas storage bottle is connected with a pressure reducing valve and a flowmeter, the gas outlet end of the pressure reducing valve is connected with the gas inlet end of the flowmeter, the gas outlet end of the flowmeter is communicated with the external environment, and a control valve is arranged between the communicating pipeline and the gas channel.
7. The true triaxial seepage testing system of claim 1, wherein: the test unit comprises a deformation test assembly, the deformation test assembly comprises a resistance-type strain gauge and a strain acquisition instrument, the resistance-type strain gauge is connected with the strain acquisition instrument, the resistance-type strain gauge is arranged on a side vertical surface of the sample parallel to the X axis, the number of the resistance-type strain gauges is two, the direction of one resistance-type strain gauge is parallel to the X axis, and the direction of the other resistance-type strain gauge is parallel to the Z axis;
the test unit also comprises a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor is connected with the pressure chamber, and the temperature sensor can monitor the temperature of the working liquid in the pressure chamber.
8. The true triaxial seepage testing system of claim 1, wherein: the first loading assembly can be connected with a pressure cylinder, when the first loading assembly is connected with the pressure cylinder, the piston end of the pressure cylinder is connected with the first pressure rod, and a load sensor is further arranged between the piston end of the pressure cylinder and the first pressure rod.
9. The true triaxial seepage testing system of claim 1, wherein: the first pressure rod is connected with the first pressure head in an inserting mode, the first pressure rod is provided with an inserting groove, the first pressure head is provided with an inserting block matched with the inserting groove, and the inserting block is in a convex shape;
the base is connected with the bottom of the pressure chamber in a sliding mode, a sliding groove is formed in the bottom of the pressure chamber and is a dovetail groove, and the base is arranged in the sliding groove in a sliding mode.
10. A true triaxial seepage test method using the true triaxial seepage test system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the sample is arranged in the pressure chamber, the base, the second pressure rod and the second pressure head are used for fixing the sample, the first loading assembly and the third loading assembly apply load to the sample and enable the sample to deform, the second loading assembly applies liquid load, the gas control unit is used for pumping or inflating the sample, the working state of the true triaxial loading unit is changed to simulate the actual coal seam seepage condition, and the test unit is used for monitoring the test state of the sample.
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