CN115200506A - Impeller detection system and detection method - Google Patents
Impeller detection system and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115200506A CN115200506A CN202210864134.2A CN202210864134A CN115200506A CN 115200506 A CN115200506 A CN 115200506A CN 202210864134 A CN202210864134 A CN 202210864134A CN 115200506 A CN115200506 A CN 115200506A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/2408—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures for measuring roundness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/27—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses an impeller detection system and a detection method, the detection system comprises a working platform, a clamping mechanism is arranged on the working platform and used for clamping an impeller, the clamping mechanism can be rotatably arranged on the working platform so as to enable the impeller to rotate, a fixed column is vertically arranged on the working platform, a laser displacement sensor and a rotating speed sensor are arranged on the fixed column, the laser displacement sensor is used for measuring the distance from the laser displacement sensor to the position to be detected of the impeller, a reflective sheet corresponding to the rotating speed sensor is arranged on the clamping mechanism, and the clamping mechanism is convenient to be matched with the rotating speed sensor to measure the rotating number of turns of the impeller; the laser displacement sensor and the rotating speed sensor have the same data acquisition frequency and are respectively connected with the detection unit, so that the measurement data are conveniently transmitted to the detection unit, the detection unit can conveniently detect and analyze the eccentricity and the ellipticity of the impeller, the eccentricity of the blade, the deformation degree of the profile of the blade and the distribution uniformity of the blade, the detection precision is high, and the detection efficiency is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of detection, and particularly relates to an impeller detection system and a detection method.
Background
The impeller is one of the core components of the power machine, and is widely applied to power equipment such as a turbine engine, a turbine machine, a centrifugal compressor and the like.
The high-precision size detection of the impeller is always a great problem for engineers, the existing monitoring means can only measure the sizes with extremely limited and regular shapes such as the outer diameter, the inner diameter, the flow passage width, the pitch and the like of the impeller, and the effective detection of special-shaped parts such as the blade shape and the like is difficult to carry out.
Therefore, how to perform all-around detection on the impeller and improve the detection precision and the detection efficiency simultaneously is a technical problem which is expected to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide an impeller detecting system and a detecting method, which perform detection and analysis on the eccentricity and ovality of an impeller, the eccentricity of a blade, the profile deformation of the blade, and the distribution uniformity of the blade, and have high detection accuracy and high detection efficiency.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an impeller detection system comprises a working platform, wherein a clamping mechanism is arranged on the working platform and used for clamping an impeller, the clamping mechanism can be rotatably arranged on the working platform so as to enable the impeller to rotate, a fixed column is vertically arranged on the working platform, a laser displacement sensor and a rotating speed sensor are arranged on the fixed column, the laser displacement sensor is used for measuring the distance from the laser displacement sensor to a position to be measured of the impeller, a reflecting piece corresponding to the rotating speed sensor is arranged on the clamping mechanism, and the clamping mechanism is convenient to be matched with the rotating speed sensor to measure the number of turns of the impeller in rotation; the laser displacement sensor and the rotating speed sensor have the same data acquisition frequency and are respectively connected with the detection unit, so that the measurement data are conveniently transmitted to the detection unit, and the detection unit can detect and analyze the eccentricity and the ellipticity of the impeller, the eccentricity of the blade, the deformation degree of the profile of the blade and the distribution uniformity of the blade.
Furthermore, the clamping mechanism is rotatably arranged on the working platform through a transmission mechanism; drive mechanism includes motor and reduction gear box, work platform below is located to motor and reduction gear box, and the motor output shaft is connected with reduction gear box, is equipped with the shaft hole that runs through work platform upper and lower surface and correspond with the reduction gear box transmission shaft on work platform, and the reduction gear box transmission shaft stretches out work platform and is connected with the fixture center from the shaft hole for the motor starts, thereby drives fixture and rotates, and then drives the impeller and rotate.
Further, a bearing is arranged between the working platform and the clamping mechanism, and the bearing is sleeved on a transmission shaft of the reduction gear box and is fixedly connected with the clamping mechanism; the working platform is provided with a level gauge, and four corners of the working platform are respectively provided with a leveling screw, so that the leveling screws can be conveniently adjusted by observing the level gauge, and the working platform is in a horizontal state.
An impeller detection method is characterized in that the impeller detection system is used for detection, the position of an impeller opening ring is marked as a position to be detected 1, the position of an impeller blade is marked as a position to be detected 2, and a plurality of points to be detected are arranged in the circumferential direction corresponding to the position to be detected 1 and the position to be detected 2; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the steps that a laser displacement sensor is over against a position to be detected 1, a detection unit is started after the rotating speed of an impeller is stable, the distance from the laser displacement sensor to the position to be detected 1 and the rotating speed of the impeller are synchronously collected, collected data are processed based on a 3 sigma principle, and then the eccentricity and the ellipticity of the impeller are detected and analyzed;
s2: repeating the step S1 to carry out detection analysis for multiple times, and outputting a detection result;
s3: the method comprises the following steps that a laser displacement sensor is over against a position to be detected 2, after the rotating speed of an impeller is stable, a detection unit is started, the distance from the laser displacement sensor to the position to be detected 2 and the rotating speed of the impeller are synchronously collected, collected data are processed based on a 3 sigma principle, and then the eccentricity of a blade, the deformation degree of a blade profile and the distribution uniformity of the blade are detected and analyzed;
s4: and repeating the step S4 to carry out detection analysis for multiple times, and outputting a detection result.
Further, the detection analysis of step S1 and step S3 includes the following steps:
(1) Calculating t i The distance R between the point to be measured and the rotation center in the position to be measured at any moment i And impeller rotation angle theta i ；
R i ＝l-l i
In the formula: l is the distance between the laser displacement sensor and the rotation center;
l i the distance between the laser displacement sensor and the position to be measured on the impeller is obtained;
t 1 、t 2 respectively the start time and the end time of the collected data;
n 1 is at t 2 -t 1 The signal times of the reflector in a time period;
(2) Establishing a coordinate system by taking the rotation center of the impeller as the origin of coordinates, wherein the coordinate of any point to be measured at the position to be measured is (x) i ，y i ) Wherein x is i ＝R i cosθ i ；y i ＝R i sinθ i Calculating the eccentricity e of the impeller by respectively adopting a least square method fitting circular equation and a least square fitting elliptic equation 1 And an ovality d; simulating the blade profile and calculating the deformation B of the impeller blade 1 And unevenness C 1 And calculating the eccentricity e of the impeller blade by fitting a circle using a least square method 2 。
Further, calculating the eccentricity of the impellerWhen the ratio is high, firstly establishing the fitting central coordinate (x) of the impeller c ，y c ) Deviation from the center of rotation of the impeller:
ming(R i ，θ i )＝∑((x i -x c ) 2 +(y i -y c ) 2 -R 2 )
in the formula: r is the radius of the fitting circle;
adjusting x again and again c 、y c And R has a value such that ming (R) i ，θ i ) Is minimized, thereby obtaining a fitting center coordinate (x) at that time c 、y c ) And then calculating to obtain the eccentricity e of the impeller 1 Comprises the following steps:
further, when the impeller ovality is calculated, the method comprises the following steps:
based on the elliptic equation Ax i 2 +Bx i y i +Cy i 2 +Dx i +Ey i + F =0, adjusting the numerical values of A, B, C, D, E and F, and measuring the coordinates (x) of the point to be measured i ，y i ) Into the ellipse equation such that Ax i 2 +Bx i y i +Cy i 2 +Dx i +Ey i The value of + F approaches 0, thereby obtaining the values of A, B, C, D, E and F at this time;
then, the geometric center coordinate (x) of the fitting ellipse is obtained T ，y T ) Wherein
So as to obtain the semi-major axis a and semi-minor axis b of the ellipse:
the ellipticity d is then:
further, when the eccentricity of the impeller blade is calculated, the method comprises the following steps: determining n at a certain interval in the radial direction of the impeller by using the rotation center as the origin of coordinates 2 Each circle is provided with a plurality of points to be measured, and the least square method is adopted to fit the circles to obtain the fitting center (x) of each circle cm ，y cm ) Then the eccentricity e of the impeller blade 2 Comprises the following steps:
further, the deformation amount B of the impeller blade 1 ：
In the formula: x is the number of i0 、y i0 Respectively as the coordinate (x) of the point to be measured on the blade profile i ，y i ) The abscissa and ordinate of the corresponding standard blade profile;
and k is the total number of the points to be measured.
Further, when analyzing the distribution unevenness of the blades, determining n according to a certain interval distance in the radial direction of the impeller by taking the rotation center as the origin of coordinates 3 Each circle is marked with numbers 1, 2 and 3' \ 8230jj, and the distance between the blade 2 and the blade 1 under the same radius is marked as d 1 The distance between blade 3 and blade 2 is denoted d 2 The distance between blade 1 and blade j is denoted d j (ii) a The unevenness C of the impeller blades 1 Comprises the following steps:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the least square method fitting circular equation and the least square fitting elliptic equation are respectively adopted to calculate the eccentricity and the ellipticity of the impeller and the fitting blade profile, the deformation and the unevenness of the impeller blade are calculated, and the least square method fitting circle is adopted to calculate the eccentricity of the impeller blade, so that the impeller is effectively detected, the manufacturing precision of the impeller is ensured, the use performance of the impeller is improved, the detection precision is high, and the detection efficiency is high.
2. The detection system disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, convenient to operate, strong in practicability and suitable for popularization and application.
Drawings
Fig. 1-a schematic view of the structure of the detection system according to the invention.
Figure 2-profile of the blade.
FIG. 3-schematic view of blade eccentricity determining circle.
FIG. 4-vane profile and vane gauge profile schematic of the impeller.
Wherein: 1-a working platform; 2-a clamping mechanism; 3-an impeller; 4-a motor; 5-a reduction gearbox; 6-a bearing; 7-a level gauge; 8-leveling screws; 9-fixing the column; 10-a rotational speed sensor; 11-laser displacement sensor; 12-a detection unit; 13-a reflective sheet; 001-position to be measured 1; 002-position to be measured 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, an impeller detection system comprises a working platform 1, wherein a clamping mechanism 2 is arranged on the working platform 1 and used for clamping an impeller 3, the clamping mechanism 2 is rotatably arranged on the working platform 1 so as to enable the impeller 3 to rotate, a fixing column 9 is vertically arranged on the working platform 1, a laser displacement sensor 11 and a rotating speed sensor 12 are arranged on the fixing column 9, the laser displacement sensor 11 is used for measuring the distance from the laser displacement sensor 11 to a position to be measured of the impeller 1, and a reflective sheet 13 corresponding to the rotating speed sensor 10 is arranged on the clamping mechanism 2 so as to be matched with the rotating speed sensor 10 to measure the number of turns of the impeller; the laser displacement sensor 11 and the rotation speed sensor 10 have the same data acquisition frequency and are respectively connected with the detection unit 12, so that the measurement data are conveniently transmitted to the detection unit 12, and the detection unit 12 is used for detecting and analyzing the eccentricity and ovality of the impeller, the eccentricity of the blade, the deformation degree of the blade profile and the distribution uniformity of the blade.
The positions to be measured here include a position to be measured 1 (reference numeral 001 in fig. 1) corresponding to the open-loop portion of the impeller and a position to be measured 2 (reference numeral 002 in fig. 1) corresponding to the blade portion of the impeller, and the positions to be measured 1 and the positions to be measured 2 correspond to the circumferential portion where the circumference is located.
When the system is used for detection, the rotating speed sensor determines the rotating number of turns of the impeller by detecting the position of the reflector, signals of the rotating speed sensor are simultaneously used as trigger signals for starting and finishing analysis of data, the rotating speed sensor and the laser displacement sensor have the same data acquisition frequency (namely, equal data acquisition intervals), the rotating speed sensor can determine any time when the data are synchronously acquired, the relative position of the acquisition point of the laser displacement sensor and the reflector can be determined, so that the position of a point to be detected can be calculated, and then the eccentricity and the ellipticity of the impeller, the eccentricity of the blade, the deformation degree of the profile of the blade and the distribution uniformity of the blade are detected and analyzed through a related algorithm in a detection unit.
In specific implementation, the clamping mechanism 2 is rotatably arranged on the working platform 1 through a transmission mechanism; drive mechanism includes motor 4 and reduction gear box 5, 1 below of work platform is located to motor 4 and reduction gear box 5, and motor 4 output shaft is connected with reduction gear box 5, is equipped with the shaft hole that runs through 1 upper and lower surfaces of work platform and correspond with the 5 transmission shafts of reduction gear box on work platform 1, and 5 transmission shafts of reduction gear box stretch out work platform 1 from the shaft hole and be connected with 2 centers of fixture for motor 4 starts, thereby drives fixture 2 and rotates, and then drives impeller 3 and rotate.
During specific implementation, a bearing 6 is arranged between the working platform 1 and the clamping mechanism 2, and the bearing 6 is sleeved on a transmission shaft of the reduction gear box 5 and is fixedly connected with the clamping mechanism 2.
In specific implementation, the clamping mechanism 2 is a three-jaw clamp.
During specific implementation, the working platform 1 is provided with the level gauge 7, and the four corners of the working platform 1 are respectively provided with the leveling screws 8, so that the leveling screws 8 can be conveniently adjusted by observing the level gauge 7, and the working platform 1 is in a horizontal state.
An impeller detection method is characterized in that the impeller detection system is used for detection, the position of an impeller opening ring is marked as a position to be detected 1, the position of an impeller blade is marked as a position to be detected 2, and a plurality of points to be detected are arranged in the circumferential direction corresponding to the position to be detected 1 and the position to be detected 2; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the steps that a laser displacement sensor is over against a position to be detected 1, a detection unit is started after the rotating speed of an impeller is stable, the distance from the laser displacement sensor to the position to be detected 1 and the rotating speed of the impeller are synchronously collected, collected data are processed based on a 3 sigma principle, and then the eccentricity and the ellipticity of the impeller are detected and analyzed;
s2: repeating the step S1 to carry out detection analysis for multiple times, and outputting a detection result;
s3: the method comprises the following steps of (1) enabling a laser displacement sensor to face a position 2 to be detected, starting a detection unit after the rotating speed of an impeller is stable, synchronously acquiring the distance from the laser displacement sensor to the position 2 to be detected and the rotating speed of the impeller, processing acquired data based on a 3 sigma principle, and then detecting and analyzing the eccentricity of a blade, the deformation degree of a blade profile and the distribution uniformity of the blade;
s4: and repeating the step S4 to carry out detection analysis for multiple times, and outputting a detection result.
The data are collected for many times for detection and analysis, so that the accuracy and the effectiveness of the detection and analysis can be ensured.
In specific implementation, the detection and analysis in step S1 and step S3 includes the following steps:
(1) Calculating t i The distance R between the point to be measured and the rotation center in the position to be measured at any moment i And impeller rotation angle theta i ；
R i ＝l-l i
In the formula: l is the distance between the laser displacement sensor and the rotation center;
l i the distance between the laser displacement sensor and the position to be measured on the impeller is obtained;
t 1 、t 2 respectively the start time and the end time of the collected data;
n 1 is at t 2 -t 1 The signal times of the reflector in a time period;
(2) Establishing a coordinate system by taking the rotation center of the impeller as the origin of coordinates, wherein the coordinate of any point to be measured at the position to be measured is (x) i ，y i ) Wherein x is i ＝R i cosθ i ；y i ＝R i sinθ i Calculating the eccentricity e of the impeller by respectively adopting a least square method fitting circular equation and a least square fitting elliptic equation 1 And ovality d; simulating the blade profile and calculating the deformation B of the impeller blade 1 And unevenness C 1 And calculating the eccentricity e of the impeller blade by fitting a circle by a least square method 2 。
In specific implementation, when the eccentricity of the impeller is calculated, the fitting center coordinate (x) of the impeller is established first c ，y c ) Deviation from the impeller center of rotation equation:
ming(R i ，θ i )＝∑((x i -x c ) 2 +(y i -y c ) 2 -R 2 )
in the formula: and R is the radius of the fitting circle.
Adjust x again and again c 、y c And R has a value such that ming (R) i ，θ i ) Is minimized, thereby obtaining the fitting center coordinate (x) at that time c 、y c ) And then calculating to obtain the eccentricity e of the impeller 1 Comprises the following steps:
in specific implementation, when the ovality of the impeller is calculated, the method comprises the following steps:
based on the elliptic equation Ax i 2 +Bx i y i +Cy i 2 +Dx i +Ey i + F =0, adjusting the numerical values of A, B, C, D, E and F, and converting the coordinates (x) of the point to be measured i ，y i ) Into the ellipse equation such that Ax i 2 +Bx i y i +Cy i 2 +Dx i +Ey i The value of + F approaches 0, resulting in values of A, B, C, D, E, and F at this time.
Then, the geometric center coordinate (x) of the fitting ellipse is obtained T ，y T ) Wherein
So as to obtain the major semi-axis a and the minor semi-axis b of the ellipse:
the ovality d is then:
in practical application, if the eccentricity and/or the ovality of the impeller exceeds a set value, the quality of the impeller is unqualified.
When the method is specifically implemented, the method comprises the following steps of when the eccentricity of the impeller blade is calculated: fitting to obtain the profile of the impeller blade by taking the rotation center as the origin of coordinates, and determining n according to a certain interval distance in the radial direction of the impeller 2 Each circle is provided with a plurality of points to be measured correspondingly, and the least square method is adopted to fit the circles to obtain the fitting center (x) of each circle cm ，y cm ) Then the eccentricity e of the impeller blade 2 Comprises the following steps:
in this embodiment, an impeller having 6 blades is taken as an example, and the profile of the blade of the impeller is obtained as shown in fig. 2. Then, 3 circles are determined at certain intervals in the radial direction of the impeller, as shown in fig. 3, when the eccentricity of the blade is calculated, coordinates of six points to be measured of each circle on the blade are sequentially calculated, then the circle is fitted by a least square method to obtain a fitting center coordinate of each circle, the eccentricity of the blade where each circle is located is obtained accordingly (the method is the same as the method for calculating the eccentricity of the impeller), and then the average value of the eccentricities of the measuring points where three yards are located is calculated, so that the eccentricity of the blade of the impeller is obtained.
In specific implementation, the deformation B of the impeller blade 1 ：
In the formula: x is the number of i0 、y i0 Respectively as the coordinate (x) of the point to be measured on the blade profile line i ，y i ) The abscissa and ordinate of the corresponding standard blade profile; and k is the total number of the points to be measured.
As shown in fig. 4, the test profile is the profile of the blade to be tested, and the standard profile is the standard blade profile. During calculation, each blade can take a plurality of points to be measured, correspondingly, the deformation of the blade is the average value of the deformation of each point to be measured,
in specific implementation, when the distribution unevenness of the blades is analyzed, n is determined according to a certain interval distance in the radial direction of the impeller by taking the rotating center as the origin of coordinates 3 Each circle is marked with numbers 1, 2 and 3, 8230j is marked in sequence, and the distance between the blade 2 and the blade 1 under the same radius is marked as d 1 The distance between blade 3 and blade 2 is denoted d 2 The distance between blade 1 and blade j is denoted d j (ii) a The unevenness C of the impeller blades 1 Comprises the following steps:
the distance between two adjacent blades is obtained by calculating the coordinates of two points to be measured, which are intersected and corresponding to the circle and the corresponding blade type line.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned examples of the present invention are only examples for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. Obvious changes and modifications of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An impeller detection system is characterized by comprising a working platform, wherein a clamping mechanism is arranged on the working platform and used for clamping an impeller, the clamping mechanism can be rotatably arranged on the working platform so as to enable the impeller to rotate, a fixing column is vertically arranged on the working platform, a laser displacement sensor and a rotating speed sensor are arranged on the fixing column, the laser displacement sensor is used for measuring the distance from the laser displacement sensor to the position to be measured of the impeller, and a reflecting piece corresponding to the rotating speed sensor is arranged on the clamping mechanism and is convenient to be matched with the rotating speed sensor to measure the rotating number of turns of the impeller; laser displacement sensor and speed sensor have the same data acquisition frequency and are connected with the detecting element respectively, are convenient for transmit measured data for the detecting element to the detecting element is with carrying out detection analysis to the eccentricity and the ellipticity of impeller, the eccentricity of blade, blade molded lines deformation and blade distribution degree of consistency.
2. The impeller detection system according to claim 1, wherein the clamping mechanism is rotatably arranged on the working platform through a transmission mechanism; drive mechanism includes motor and reduction gear box, work platform below is located to motor and reduction gear box, and the motor output shaft is connected with reduction gear box, is equipped with the shaft hole that runs through work platform upper and lower surface and correspond with the reduction gear box transmission shaft on work platform, and the reduction gear box transmission shaft stretches out work platform and is connected with the fixture center from the shaft hole for the motor starts, thereby drives fixture and rotates, and then drives the impeller and rotate.
3. The impeller detection system according to claim 2, wherein a bearing is arranged between the working platform and the clamping mechanism, and the bearing is sleeved on a transmission shaft of the reduction gear box and is fixedly connected with the clamping mechanism; the working platform is provided with a level gauge, and four corners of the working platform are respectively provided with leveling screws, so that the leveling screws can be conveniently adjusted by observing the level gauge, and the working platform is in a horizontal state.
4. An impeller detection method is characterized in that the impeller detection system of any one of claims 1 to 3 is used for detection, the position of an impeller opening ring is marked as a position to be detected 1, the position of an impeller blade is marked as a position to be detected 2, and a plurality of points to be detected are arranged in the circumferential direction corresponding to the position to be detected 1 and the position to be detected 2; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the steps that a laser displacement sensor is over against a position to be detected 1, a detection unit is started after the rotating speed of an impeller is stable, the distance from the laser displacement sensor to the position to be detected 1 and the rotating speed of the impeller are synchronously collected, collected data are processed based on a 3 sigma principle, and then the eccentricity and the ellipticity of the impeller are detected and analyzed;
s2: repeating the step S1 to carry out detection analysis for multiple times, and outputting a detection result;
s3: the method comprises the following steps of (1) enabling a laser displacement sensor to face a position 2 to be detected, starting a detection unit after the rotating speed of an impeller is stable, synchronously acquiring the distance from the laser displacement sensor to the position 2 to be detected and the rotating speed of the impeller, processing acquired data based on a 3 sigma principle, and then detecting and analyzing the eccentricity of a blade, the deformation degree of a blade profile and the distribution uniformity of the blade;
s4: and repeating the step S4 to carry out detection analysis for multiple times, and outputting a detection result.
5. The impeller detection method according to claim 4, wherein the detection analysis in step S1 and step S3 comprises the following steps:
(1) Calculating t i The distance R between the point to be measured and the rotation center in the position to be measured at any moment i And impeller rotation angle theta i ；
R i ＝l-l i
In the formula: l is the distance between the laser displacement sensor and the rotation center;
l i the distance between the laser displacement sensor and the position to be measured on the impeller is measured;
t 1 、t 2 respectively the start time and the end time of the collected data;
n 1 is at t 2 -t 1 The signal times of the reflector in a time period;
(2) Establishing a coordinate system by taking the rotation center of the impeller as the origin of coordinates, wherein the coordinate of any point to be measured at the position to be measured is (x) i ，y i ) Wherein x is i ＝R i cosθ i ；y i R i sinθ i Calculating the eccentricity e of the impeller by respectively adopting a least square method fitting circular equation and a least square fitting elliptic equation 1 And ovality d; fitting the blade profile and calculating the deformation B of the impeller blade 1 And unevenness C 1 And calculating the eccentricity e of the impeller blade by fitting a circle using a least square method 2 。
6. The impeller detection method according to claim 5, wherein when the eccentricity of the impeller is calculated, the fitting center coordinates (x) of the impeller are first established c ，y c ) Deviation from the impeller center of rotation equation:
min g(R i ，θ i )＝∑((x i -x c ) 2 +(y i -y c ) 2 -R 2 )
in the formula: r is the radius of the fitting circle;
adjust x again and again c 、y c And R has a value of min g (R) i ，θ i ) Is minimized, thereby obtaining a fitting center coordinate (x) at that time c 、y c ) And then calculating to obtain the eccentricity e of the impeller 1 Comprises the following steps:
7. the impeller detection method according to claim 5, wherein the impeller ovality is calculated by the following steps:
based on the elliptic equation Ax i 2 +Bx i y i +Cy i 2 +Dx i +Ey i + F =0, adjusting the numerical values of A, B, C, D, E and F, and converting the coordinates (x) of the point to be measured i ，y i ) Into the ellipse equation such that Ax i 2 +Bx i y i +Cy i 2 +Dx i +Ey i The value of + F approaches 0, thereby obtaining the values of A, B, C, D, E and F at this time;
then, the geometric center coordinate (x) of the fitting ellipse is obtained T ，y T ) In which
So as to obtain the major semi-axis a and the minor semi-axis b of the ellipse:
the ovality d is then:
8. the impeller detecting method according to claim 6, wherein the step of calculating the eccentricity of the impeller blade comprises the following steps: determining n at a certain interval distance in the radial direction of the impeller by using the rotation center as the origin of coordinates 2 Each circle is provided with a plurality of points to be measured, and the least square method is adopted to fit the circles to obtain the fitting center (x) of each circle cm ，y cm ) Then the eccentricity e of the impeller blade 2 Comprises the following steps:
9. root of herbaceous plantsThe impeller detection method according to claim 6, wherein the deformation B of the impeller blade is 1 ：
In the formula: x is the number of i0 、y i0 Respectively as the coordinate (x) of the point to be measured on the blade profile i ，y i ) The abscissa and ordinate of the corresponding standard blade profile;
and k is the total number of the points to be measured.
10. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step of determining n is performed at a predetermined interval in the radial direction of the impeller with the rotation center as the origin of coordinates in analyzing the distribution unevenness of the blades 3 Each circle is marked with numbers 1, 2 and 3' \ 8230jj, and the distance between the blade 2 and the blade 1 under the same radius is marked as d 1 The distance between blade 3 and blade 2 is denoted d 2 The distance between blade 1 and blade j is denoted d j (ii) a The unevenness C of the impeller blades 1 Comprises the following steps:
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