CN115200012A - Fire pressing and fire raising operation method and system for prolonging standby time of circulating fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents
Fire pressing and fire raising operation method and system for prolonging standby time of circulating fluidized bed boiler Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 title description 13
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 214
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 abstract description 33
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012840 feeding operation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/28—Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed, combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fire suppression and fire raising operation method and system for prolonging the standby time of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. The method comprises the following steps: keeping the load of the boiler to be reduced to half of the full load after the boiler is operated in the normal working load state and operating for at least 15min; stopping the coal feeder; stopping all fans of the boiler, and closing outlet baffles and inlet baffles of all the fans; adjusting the opening degree of the high-side pressure steam valve and the low-side pressure steam valve to reduce the descending speed of the steam pressure of the boiler; monitoring the bed temperature of the boiler, feeding coal to a hearth by using a pulverized coal bunker when the bed temperature is lower than a first preset temperature, and adjusting the rising rate of the bed temperature to be 5-10 ℃/min after the bed temperature stably rises; and when the bed temperature is higher than the second preset temperature, closing the pulverized coal bunker, and repeating the steps. The method can solve the problems of short conventional fire-suppression running time and high flameout risk of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, prolong the standby time of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and enhance the stability of the fire-suppression running of the boiler, thereby adapting to the requirement of deep peak regulation of a power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal-fired thermal power generation, and particularly relates to a fire pressing and raising operation method and system for prolonging standby time of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.
Background
Under the carbon peak carbon neutralization target, the renewable energy is an installed main body and a power generation main body in a future power grid. Due to the randomness characteristic of wind and light resources, the load fluctuation is large, and the operation flexibility of the coal-fired thermal generator set needs to be fully exerted to ensure the stable and safe operation of a power grid. Compared with the traditional pulverized coal fired boiler, the circulating fluidized bed boiler has the characteristic of high operation flexibility naturally, can realize low-load operation of 20-30% more easily, and can realize zero-load on-line hot standby even by suppressing fire for part of units. However, it should be noted that, in a conventional circulating fluidized bed boiler, only the pressure fire is generally used as a temporary treatment means for dealing with the defects of the equipment, the pressure fire time is mostly 2-4 hours, and the bed temperature rapidly decreases after exceeding 4 hours, and at this time, except for high-volatile combustible coal such as lignite and the like, other coal types need to be supported by fuel oil during the fire raising recovery operation after the pressure fire, which increases the operation cost. In addition, after the traditional fire suppression operation state is finished, operators need to adopt frequent coal feeder switching and pulse coal feeding to maintain bed temperature uniformity in the fire raising process, so that overtemperature of a heating surface in the furnace and excessive pollutant discharge are avoided, the operation is extremely complex, the risk is huge, and equipment damage can be caused carelessly. Therefore, how to prolong the time of the fire suppression of the circulating fluidized bed and improve the safety and the convenience of the fire suppression and fire raising operation becomes an important problem to be solved when the circulating fluidized bed boiler unit participates in the deep peak regulation of the power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and a system for operating a fire suppressing and raising operation to prolong the standby time of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, so as to solve the problems of short conventional fire suppressing operation time and high flameout risk of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, prolong the standby time of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and enhance the stability of the fire suppressing operation of the boiler, thereby meeting the requirement of deep peak shaving of a power grid.
In one aspect of the present invention, a method of suppressing and boosting operation of a circulating fluidized bed boiler is provided to extend a standby time of the circulating fluidized bed boiler. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises:
(1) The normal working load state of the boiler is kept to operate before the fire is suppressed;
(2) Reducing the load of the boiler to 50% of the full load, and operating for at least 15min;
(3) The system comprises a shutdown limestone charging system, a deslagging system and a coal feeder;
(4) When the oxygen content increase rate in the high-temperature flue gas output from the hearth outlet of the boiler is not less than 2.5%/min and the bed temperature is reduced by more than 20 ℃, stopping running all fans of the boiler, and closing outlet baffles and inlet baffles of all the fans;
(5) The opening degrees of the high-pressure bypass steam valve and the low-pressure bypass steam valve are gradually increased along with the reduction of the load of the boiler, the reduction speed of the steam pressure of the boiler is reduced, and water is continuously supplemented in the period to keep the temperature of the wall of the water-cooled wall from rising reversely;
(6) Monitoring the bed temperature of the boiler, and feeding coal to the lower part of the hearth by using the pulverized coal bunker when the bed temperature is lower than a first preset temperature;
(7) After the bed temperature of the boiler begins to stably rise, adjusting the coal feeding speed according to the rising speed of the bed temperature to ensure that the rising speed of the bed temperature is 5-10 ℃/min;
(8) When the bed temperature is higher than a second preset temperature, closing the pulverized coal bunker to stop coal feeding, and continuously heating the bed material by using the combustion waste heat of the residual pulverized coal in the hearth;
(9) Repeating the operations of the steps (7) to (8);
(10) When the fire raising process is started, a flow fan, an induced draft fan, a primary fan and a secondary fan are started in sequence;
(11) When the bed temperature is higher than the first preset temperature, the pulverized coal bunker is used for feeding coal to the lower part of the hearth, the bed temperature heating rate is controlled to be 15-20 ℃/min, and the boiler load increasing rate is controlled to be 0.5-2.5%/min of the full load;
(12) When the boiler load is increased to 5-10% of the full load, opening a coal feeder and closing a pulverized coal bunker, and carrying out coal feeding by using an original coal feeding system of the boiler;
(13) The load of the unit is gradually increased along with the return rise of the steam temperature and the steam pressure in the boiler.
The operation method for suppressing fire and raising fire for prolonging the standby time of the circulating fluidized bed boiler in the embodiment of the invention focuses on the combustion characteristics of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, combines the structure and the operation characteristics of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, improves the original process except the original coal feeding system of the boiler, and is additionally provided with the coal feeding system of the separate pulverized coal bunker. Therefore, the problems of short conventional fire-pressing running time and high flameout risk of the circulating fluidized bed boiler can be solved, and the unification of the economic benefit, the social benefit and the environmental benefit of new energy utilization can be really realized. It is emphasized that, in the present invention, the original coal feeding system of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is used to realize the coal feeding operation in the process of the fire raising operation and the coal feeding operation in the initial stage of the fire suppression (i.e. the stage before the step (3)); the pulverized coal bunker is additionally arranged on the basis of the original coal feeding system, so that the coal feeding operation from the closing of the original coal feeding system to the opening of the original coal feeding system in the process of fire suppression is realized, namely the original coal feeding system and the pulverized coal bunker of the circulating fluidized bed boiler are alternately operated in parallel, and the fire suppression operation time is prolonged by mainly utilizing the mode that the pulverized coal bunker periodically delivers pulverized coal in the process of fire suppression.
In addition, the operation method for suppressing fire and raising fire for extending the standby time of the circulating fluidized bed boiler according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, in the step (1), the high bed temperature and the high bed pressure of the boiler are kept running before the pressure fire, the high bed pressure is 6-10 kPa, and the high bed temperature is 840-920 ℃; alternatively, the load of the boiler is adjusted to a full load state.
In some embodiments of the invention, the pulverized coal bunker comprises an emptying valve, and the coal feeding rate of the pulverized coal bunker is adjusted by controlling the opening degree of the emptying valve.
In some embodiments of the invention, the pulverized coal in the pulverized coal bunker has a particle size of not more than 1mm and a V of the pulverized coal daf Not less than 30% of Q net，ar Not less than 20MJ/kg.
In some embodiments of the invention, at least one of the following conditions is satisfied: the main fuel of the boiler coal feeder is anthracite, and the first preset temperature is 720-760 ℃; the main fuel of the boiler coal feeder is lean coal, and the first preset temperature is 630-720 ℃; the main fuel of the boiler coal feeder is bituminous coal, and the first preset temperature is 550-630 ℃; the main fuel of the boiler coal feeder is lignite, and the first preset temperature is 480-550 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, the second predetermined temperature is 850 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the step (10), the flow rate of the primary air is 1.1 to 1.3 times of the minimum fluidization air flow rate when the primary air fan is started.
In some embodiments of the invention, process parameters including temperature within the furnace, furnace bed pressure, and furnace exit oxygen content are monitored in real time.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a circulating fluidized bed boiler system for implementing the above-described suppressing and boosting operation method for extending a standby time period of the circulating fluidized bed boiler. According to an embodiment of the invention, the system comprises:
the circulating fluidized bed boiler comprises a pulverized coal inlet, a high-temperature flue gas outlet and a solid particle circulating inlet, wherein the high-temperature flue gas outlet is positioned at the upper part of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and the pulverized coal inlet and the solid particle circulating inlet are positioned at the lower part of the circulating fluidized bed boiler;
the pulverized coal bunker is connected with the pulverized coal inlet through a coal dropping pipe, and a discharge valve is arranged between the pulverized coal bunker and the coal dropping pipe;
the separator comprises a mixed gas inlet, a gas outlet and a solid particle outlet, the mixed gas inlet is connected with the high-temperature flue gas outlet, and the solid particle outlet is connected with the solid particle circulating inlet.
The circulating fluidized bed boiler system of the embodiment of the invention can ensure the surface temperature of the bed layer by adding the fire suppression pulverized coal bin in the circulating fluidized bed boiler coal supply system on the premise of not increasing the cost greatly, and can control the coal input amount and time by monitoring the bed temperature, the oxygen amount at the outlet of the hearth and other information in real time by combining a temperature measuring device, a high-temperature flue gas component measuring device and the like in the fire suppression standby process of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, so that the standby time of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is prolonged, the stability of the fire suppression operation of the boiler is enhanced, and the aim of adapting to the requirement of the depth peak regulation of a power grid is fulfilled.
In some embodiments of the invention, the circulating fluidized bed boiler system satisfies at least one of the following conditions: the gas outlet is connected with the flue; the high-temperature flue gas outlet is provided with a flue gas component measuring device; the discharge valve is a conical valve; the included angle between the coal dropping pipe and the horizontal direction is 35-50 degrees; the connection height of the coal dropping pipe and the circulating fluidized bed boiler is consistent with the connection height of the circulating fluidized bed boiler and a coal feeding pipe of an original coal feeder.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of operating a fire suppressing and raising operation for extending a standby time of a circulating fluidized bed boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a circulating fluidized bed boiler system implementing a suppressing and boosting operation method for extending a standby time period of the circulating fluidized bed boiler according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The present invention is mainly based on the following problems and findings: in order to prolong the fire-pressing time of the circulating fluidized bed coal-fired boiler, the conventional method is to keep high bed temperature and high bed pressure running before fire-pressing, keep a higher material layer thickness, stop feeding coal and then stop primary air, secondary air and induced air in sequence after bed temperature is lowered and oxygen amount is increased, close all air doors, simultaneously stop boiler water feeding and close a steam output valve, and enter a fire-pressing maintaining state. However, the operation method ensures the fire suppression time by means of the heat storage capacity of the fluidized bed coal bed, generally can be controlled within 2-4 hours, the risk of rapid temperature drop exists after 4 hours, and the fire is required to be re-ignited, so that great property loss and energy waste are caused. After the circulating fluidized bed boiler is fired, no fluidized air flows through the bed layer, the bed surface is in a fixed bed state, the heat generated by the combustion of residual carbon in bed layer materials in an oxygen-free or oxygen-deficient state is very difficult to conduct outwards, and the hot materials on the upper layer of the bed surface can continuously transfer heat to a water-cooled wall in a radiation heat exchange mode, so that the surface temperature of the bed layer is rapidly reduced. When the surface temperature of the bed layer is reduced to be lower than the ignition temperature of the coal feeding, the secondary fire raising is very difficult, oil must be firstly fed for combustion supporting, and the coal can be fed again when the temperature of the bed is raised to be higher than the ignition temperature of the coal feeding. This is the main reason why the operation of the fire is generally controlled only for 2 to 4 hours.
To this end, in one aspect of the present invention, a method of operating a suppressing fire and a boosting fire for extending a standby time of a circulating fluidized bed boiler is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, as shown with reference to fig. 1, the method comprises:
(1) Keeping the boiler running in normal working load state before fire suppression
According to the embodiment of the invention, the circulating fluidized bed boiler is maintained in a normal working state (such as high bed temperature and high bed pressure) before the fire suppression process, so that a better starting point is provided for the fire suppression process, and the safety and the stability of the boiler are facilitated. It should be noted that the bed pressure and bed temperature selected for different circulating fluidized bed boilers can be flexibly selected according to the actual conditions such as the capacity of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and the like, and are not particularly limited herein, for example, the circulating fluidized bed boiler can be kept to operate at a high bed temperature of 840-920 ℃ and a high bed pressure of 6-10 kPa before the pressure fire, and the operation method can be applied to most circulating fluidized bed boilers by adjusting the bed temperature and the bed pressure of the circulating fluidized bed boiler to the above ranges before the pressure fire. More preferably, the load of the circulating fluidized bed boiler can be adjusted to a full load state (i.e. the BMCR condition) before the fire suppression, so as to provide a better starting point for the fire suppression process, thereby being more beneficial to realizing the normal operation of the boiler and the safe and stable fire suppression and raising processes.
(2) Reducing the load of the boiler to 50% of the full load and operating for at least 15min
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the inventors found that sudden load drop of the circulating fluidized bed boiler causes a safety problem, and a better safety guarantee effect can be achieved by maintaining the boiler in a half load operation for at least 15 min. Preferably, during the operation of the boiler, attention should be paid to monitoring parameters such as the temperature of the hearth, the bed pressure of the hearth, the oxygen content of the outlet and the like, and real-time monitoring is preferred, so that the subsequent coal feeding amount, the coal feeding time and the like can be flexibly controlled based on the actual operation condition of the boiler, the reliability of the process for prolonging the standby time of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is improved, and the stability and the safety of the fire suppression operation of the boiler are enhanced.
(3) System for putting limestone into furnace during shutdown, slag discharge system and coal feeder
According to the embodiment of the invention, it should be noted that the limestone feeding system and the deslagging system are used for desulfurization and deslagging in normal operation of the boiler, the coal feeder is a coal supply device (i.e. an original coal supply system of the boiler, which is connected in parallel with a subsequent pulverized coal bunker) for maintaining normal operation (non-pressure state) of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and when the boiler operates stably at half load, i.e. parameters such as furnace temperature, furnace bed pressure, outlet oxygen content and the like are stable and have no abnormality, the coal feeder is stopped to feed coal, so that the operation load of the boiler can be further reduced, and the state of stopping fire and stopping boiler can be more favorably achieved.
(4) When the oxygen content in the high-temperature flue gas output from the hearth outlet of the boiler is not less than 2.5%/min and the bed temperature is reduced by more than 20 ℃, stopping running all fans of the boiler, and closing outlet baffles and inlet baffles of all fans
According to the embodiment of the invention, the oxygen content and the CO concentration at the outlet of the hearth can be monitored by the high-temperature flue gas component measuring device, when the oxygen content at the outlet starts to rise rapidly (not less than 2.5%/min) and the bed temperature drops by more than 20 ℃, all fans of the boiler are stopped, and whether outlet baffles and inlet baffles of all the fans are closed is checked, so that the heat loss of the boiler caused by excessive ventilation can be reduced while the volatile matters and combustible carbon in the bed materials are completely combusted, the fire-pressing time is prolonged, and the fire-pressing stability is maintained. The specific operation can be as follows: firstly, stopping a primary air fan; closing a continuous blowdown door on a blowdown pipeline of the boiler; stopping the secondary fan after 10 s; after 30s, the adjusting baffles in the primary air fan and the secondary air pipeline are closed, all the induced draft fans and all the high-pressure air fans are shut down, the fluidized state can slowly disappear by closing the induced draft fans and the fan baffles one by one, the problems of boiler shutdown, safety and the like possibly caused by simultaneously closing all the induced draft fans and the fan baffles suddenly are avoided, and the process of fire suppression is maintained to be safely and stably carried out.
(5) The opening degrees of the high-pressure by-pass steam valve and the low-pressure by-pass steam valve are gradually increased along with the reduction of the load of the boiler, the reduction speed of the steam pressure of the boiler is reduced, and water is continuously supplemented during the period to maintain the wall temperature of the water wall not to rise reversely
According to the embodiment of the invention, the high and low bypass openings are adjusted by gradually increasing the openings along with the reduction of the load in the process of suppressing the fire, so that the heating surfaces of all parts can be prevented from overtemperature, and the steam pressure drop speed of the boiler is reduced. When water is continuously supplemented, the water supply quantity is not required to be too large, and the temperature of the wall of the water-cooled wall is controlled not to rise reversely.
(6) Monitoring the bed temperature of the boiler, and when the bed temperature is lower than a first preset temperature, feeding coal to the lower part of the hearth by using the pulverized coal bunker
According to an embodiment of the invention, the pulverized coal bunker is used for storing the pulverized coal for fire suppression when the bed temperature is lower than a first preset temperature T min During the process, the pulverized coal bunker is utilized to supply coal to the lower part of the hearth, so that heat can be supplied to the hearth to improve the bed temperature, and the phenomenon that the hearth is shut down due to too low bed temperature is avoided. It should be noted that the first preset temperature is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can flexibly select the first preset temperature according to the actual situation of the main fuel of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, for example, when the main fuel of the coal feeder of the boiler is anthracite, the first preset temperature may be 720 to 760 ℃; when the main fuel of the boiler coal feeder is lean coal, the first preset temperature can be 630-720 ℃; when the main fuel of the coal feeder of the boiler is bituminous coal, the first preset temperature can be 550-630 ℃; when the main fuel of the boiler coal feeder is lignite, the first preset temperature may be 480-550 ℃.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the pulverized coal bin can comprise the baiting valve, and the coal feeding speed of the pulverized coal bin can be adjusted by controlling the opening of the baiting valve, so that the pulverized coal bin is more favorable for flexibly adjusting the coal feeding speed and maintaining the stable fire suppression state. In addition, the pulverized coal in the pulverized coal bunker can enter the lower part of the hearth through the coal dropping pipe to provide heat for the hearth so as to improve the bed temperature, so that the feeding height of the pulverized coal is more favorably controlled, and the feeding height of the pulverized coal in the pulverized coal bunker is preferably consistent with that of an original coal feeder of the boiler, so that the stabilization of the fluidized state in the hearth of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is more favorably maintained.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the particle size range of the fire-fighting pulverized coal stored in the pulverized coal bunker can be not more than 1mm, and the V of the pulverized coal daf (coal volatile) not less than 30%, Q net，ar The amount of the heat (received by the base lower heating value) is not less than 20MJ/kg, so that the coal powder can be ensured to have lower ignition temperature, the coal powder can be ignited after entering a hearth, and heat can be provided for the hearth in time to improve the bed temperature.
(7) After the bed temperature of the boiler begins to rise stably, the coal feeding speed is adjusted according to the rising speed of the bed temperature, so that the rising speed of the bed temperature is 5-10 ℃/min
According to the embodiment of the invention, the inventor finds that due to the fact that the steam system stops running in a fire suppression state, if the bed temperature rising rate is too high, the rising rate of the water wall is too high, and overtemperature tube explosion of the water wall is caused; if the bed temperature rising rate is too low, the stability of the fire suppression state is difficult to maintain, and the furnace shutdown problem is easy to cause.
(8) When the bed temperature is higher than a second preset temperature, the pulverized coal bunker is closed to stop coal feeding, and the bed material is continuously heated by using the combustion waste heat of the residual pulverized coal in the hearth
According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the bed temperature rises to the second predetermined temperature T max In the range, the coal feeding can be stopped, and the bed material is continuously heated by using the combustion waste heat of the residual coal powder in the hearth, so that the fire suppression time can be further prolonged, and the state that the furnace is not stopped when the fire is stopped can be maintained. It should be noted that the specific value of the second preset temperature is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can flexibly select the second preset temperature according to actual needs, for example, the second preset temperature may be 850 ℃.
(9) Repeating the operations of steps (7) to (8)
According to embodiments of the present invention, it is possible toMonitoring the bed temperature when the fire is pressed, and when the pulverized coal bunker stops feeding coal, the bed temperature is reduced until the bed temperature is lower than a first preset temperature T min And (5) repeating the operations in the steps (7) to (8) to stabilize the bed temperature above the set temperature, so as to ensure that the furnace is not stopped during the fire suppression, prolong the fire suppression time and enhance the stability of the fire suppression operation of the boiler. The number of repetitions of steps (7) to (8) is not particularly limited, and can be flexibly selected by those skilled in the art according to actual needs.
According to a specific example of the present invention, the bed temperature is monitored after the fire is extinguished, and when the bed temperature is lower than the set temperature T min When the pulverized coal bunker is opened, coal is supplied to the lower part of the hearth through the coal dropping pipe, and heat is provided for the hearth so as to improve the bed temperature; when the bed temperature starts to rise stably, adjusting the opening degree of a discharge valve of a pulverized coal cabin to adjust the coal feeding speed and ensuring the rising speed of the bed temperature to be 5-10 ℃/min; when the bed temperature is higher than T max And stopping coal feeding, and continuously heating the bed material by using the combustion waste heat of the residual coal powder in the hearth. Therefore, the temperature of the material bed of the fluidized bed can be simply and effectively maintained through the mode of periodically feeding coal, the standby time of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is greatly prolonged, the stability of the fire suppression operation of the boiler is enhanced, meanwhile, due to the fact that the pulverized coal can be uniformly scattered on the bed surface, the temperature rise during the follow-up fire raising is more stable, and the circulating fluidized bed boiler can better meet the requirement of power grid depth peak regulation.
(10) When the fire is started in the fire raising process, the flow fan, the draught fan, the primary fan and the secondary fan are sequentially started
According to the embodiment of the invention, when the fire suppressing process is finished and the fire raising process is started, the high-flow fan, the induced draft fan, the secondary fan and the primary fan can be started in sequence. The inventor finds that the bed temperature is relatively low in the process of suppressing fire and lower than the bed temperature under the normal load state, and if the air volume is too large when the primary air fan is started, the bed temperature is reduced on the contrary.
(11) When the bed temperature is higher than the first preset temperature, the pulverized coal bunker is used for feeding coal to the lower part of the hearth, the bed temperature rise rate is controlled to be 15-20 ℃/min, and the boiler load increase rate is controlled to be 0.5-2.5%/min of the full load
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the process, the bed temperature heating rate can be 17 ℃/min or 19 ℃/min and the like, and the boiler load increasing rate can be 0.7%/min, 1.1%/min, 1.3%/min, 1.5%/min, 1.7%/min, 1.9%/min, 2.1%/min, 2.3%/min and the like of full load. The inventor finds that aiming at the fire suppression process, by controlling the bed temperature heating rate and the load increase rate in the initial stage of the fire raising process to be in the ranges, the stability of a temperature field and a pressure field in a furnace is more favorably maintained, the safety problems of turbulence and the like in a hearth are avoided, and the safe and stable operation of the boiler is ensured.
(12) When the boiler load is increased to 5-10% of the full load, the coal feeder is opened and the pulverized coal bunker is closed, and the original coal feeding system of the boiler is utilized to feed coal
According to the embodiment of the invention, when the boiler load is increased to 5-10% of the full load, the temperature field and the pressure field in the hearth are relatively stable, and the coal feeder is switched to feed coal to the boiler at the moment, so that the fluidization state in the boiler is not obviously influenced, and the stable promotion of the boiler load can be realized on the premise of ensuring the safe and stable operation of the boiler.
(13) Gradually increasing unit load along with the steam temperature and steam pressure in the boiler
According to the embodiment of the invention, the load of the unit can be gradually increased along with the steam temperature and the steam pressure in the boiler back rising according to the requirements of boilers with different capacities or specifications and steam systems until the full-load operation state is reached.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in order to further ensure the stability of the boiler in the process of suppressing and raising the fire, the process parameters including the temperature in the hearth, the hearth bed pressure and the oxygen content at the outlet of the hearth can be monitored in real time, so that the coal feeding time, the coal feeding speed and the like in the process of suppressing and raising the fire can be adjusted in real time, the standby time of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is prolonged on the premise of not increasing the cost greatly, and the stability of the boiler in the process of suppressing the fire is enhanced, thereby adapting to the requirement of deep peak regulation of a power grid.
In summary, the operation method for suppressing and raising fire for prolonging the standby time of the circulating fluidized bed boiler according to the above embodiment of the present invention focuses on the combustion characteristics of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and combines the structure and operation characteristics of the boiler itself, and in addition to the original coal supply system of the boiler, by improving the original process, an independent coal supply system of the pulverized coal bunker is added, during the standby process of suppressing fire of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the bed surface temperature is ensured by using the pulverized coal bunker to periodically deliver pulverized coal, and the coal delivery amount and time are controlled by using the information of the bed temperature, the oxygen amount at the outlet of the furnace and the like monitored in real time, so that the standby time of the circulating fluidized bed boiler can be prolonged without greatly increasing the cost, and the stability of the suppressing fire operation of the boiler can be enhanced, thereby adapting to the demand of the deep peak regulation of the power grid. Therefore, the problems of short conventional fire-pressing operation time and high flameout risk of the circulating fluidized bed boiler can be solved, and the unification of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits of new energy utilization can be really realized.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a circulating fluidized bed boiler system for implementing the above-described suppressing and boosting operation method for extending the standby time of the circulating fluidized bed boiler. According to an embodiment of the invention, as understood with reference to fig. 2, the system comprises: a circulating fluidized bed boiler 10, a pulverized coal bunker 20, and a separator 30. The circulating fluidized bed boiler 10 comprises a pulverized coal inlet 11, a high-temperature flue gas outlet 12 and a solid particle circulating inlet 13, wherein the high-temperature flue gas outlet 12 is positioned at the upper part of the circulating fluidized bed boiler 10, and the pulverized coal inlet 11 and the solid particle circulating inlet 13 are positioned at the lower part of the circulating fluidized bed boiler 10; the pulverized coal bunker 20 is connected with the pulverized coal inlet 11 through a coal dropping pipe 21, a baiting valve 22 is arranged between the pulverized coal bunker 20 and the coal dropping pipe 21, and the coal feeding speed of the pulverized coal bunker can be controlled by controlling the opening degree of the baiting valve 22; the separator 30 comprises a mixed gas inlet 31, a gas outlet 32 and a solid particle outlet 33, wherein the mixed gas inlet 31 is connected with the high-temperature flue gas outlet 12, and the solid particle outlet 33 is connected with the solid particle circulating inlet 13. Compared with the prior art, the circulating fluidized bed boiler system can be under the premise of not increasing the cost greatly, through additionally arranging the fire-pressing pulverized coal bin in the circulating fluidized bed boiler coal supply system, the mode of periodically delivering pulverized coal is adopted in the fire-pressing standby process of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the material bed temperature of the fluidized bed is maintained simply and effectively, the standby duration of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is greatly prolonged, the fire-pressing operation stability of the boiler is enhanced, meanwhile, the pulverized coal can be uniformly spread on the bed surface, the temperature rise is more stable when fire is raised, and the circulating fluidized bed boiler meets the requirement of power grid depth peak regulation. The system can also combine information such as real-time monitoring bed temperature, hearth outlet oxygen quantity and the like of a temperature measuring device, a high-temperature flue gas component measuring device and the like to control the coal feeding amount and time, so that the stability of the boiler fire suppression operation and the fire raising temperature rise can be further maintained.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the circulating fluidized bed boiler system may further include other structures, such as a coal feeder existing in the boiler, a tail gas flue 40 (as shown in fig. 2), and an economizer, an air preheater, etc. provided in the tail gas flue 40, wherein the coal feeder existing in the boiler may be connected to the lower portion of the circulating fluidized bed boiler 10 through a coal feeding pipe, and the tail gas flue 40 is connected to the gas outlet 32 of the separator 30 for recycling the waste heat of the high temperature flue gas.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a flue gas component measuring device can be arranged at the high-temperature flue gas outlet 12 to monitor the oxygen content at the outlet of the hearth in real time; in addition, temperature measuring devices can be arranged at the high-temperature flue gas outlet and/or the hearth so as to monitor the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas and/or the problems in the hearth.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the discharge valve 22 may be a conical valve, and specifically may have a cylindrical fixed valve housing, with a movable steel valve sleeve around the outside of the cone, and the annular space between the valve sleeve and the cone for the passage of pulverized coal; the valve sleeve moves back and forth along the flow direction by screw transmission, so that the coal feeding speed can be regulated and controlled. In addition, it should be noted that the pulverized coal bunker 20 may be directly connected to the lower portion of the circulating fluidized bed boiler 10 through a coal dropping pipe 21, or may be configured with a pulverized coal bunker feeder 23, a feeding end of the pulverized coal bunker feeder 23 is connected to the pulverized coal bunker 20 through a discharge valve 22, and a discharging end is connected to the lower portion of the circulating fluidized bed boiler 10 through the coal dropping pipe 21.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the included angle between the coal dropping pipe 21 and the horizontal direction can be 35-50 degrees, the inventor finds that the hearth is always in positive pressure, and if the direction of the coal dropping pipe is the same as the horizontal direction or the included angle is too small, the problem of coal dust back flowing can occur.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the connection height of the coal dropping pipe 21 and the circulating fluidized bed boiler 10 is consistent with the connection height of the circulating fluidized bed boiler and the coal feeding pipe of the original coal feeder, so that the temperature of the fluidized state in the circulating fluidized bed boiler can be maintained more favorably, the stability of the fluidized state in the hearth when the pulverized coal bunker 20 feeds coal or when the pulverized coal bunker 20 is switched with the original coal feeder is reduced, and the safe and stable operation of the boiler is ensured.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the cross section of the pulverized coal bunker 20 is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can flexibly select the cross section according to actual needs, such as rectangular or circular; for another example, when the cross-section of the pulverized coal bunker is circular, the diameter of the cross-section may be 0.8 to 1.2 times the height of the pulverized coal bunker.
In summary, the circulating fluidized bed boiler system according to the above embodiment of the present invention can ensure the bed surface temperature by adding the fire suppression pulverized coal bunker in the circulating fluidized bed boiler coal supply system on the premise of not increasing the cost greatly, and can control the coal input amount and time by monitoring the bed temperature, the oxygen amount at the furnace outlet, and other information in real time by combining the temperature measuring device and the high temperature flue gas component measuring device, and the like, in the standby process of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, so as to extend the standby time of the circulating fluidized bed boiler and enhance the stability of the boiler fire suppression operation, thereby meeting the requirement of the power grid depth peak regulation. It should be noted that the features and effects described for the operation method of suppressing fire and raising fire for prolonging the standby duration of the circulating fluidized bed boiler are also applicable to the circulating fluidized bed boiler system, and are not described in detail herein.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without being mutually inconsistent.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fire suppressing and raising operation method for prolonging standby time of a circulating fluidized bed boiler is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Keeping the boiler to operate in a normal working load state before the fire is pressed;
(2) Reducing the load of the boiler to 50% of the full load, and operating for at least 15min;
(3) Stopping the limestone charging system, the slag discharging system and the coal feeder;
(4) When the oxygen content increase rate in the high-temperature flue gas output from the hearth outlet of the boiler is not less than 2.5%/min and the bed temperature is reduced by more than 20 ℃, stopping running all fans of the boiler, and closing outlet baffles and inlet baffles of all the fans;
(5) The opening degrees of the high-pressure bypass steam valve and the low-pressure bypass steam valve are gradually increased along with the reduction of the load of the boiler, the reduction speed of the steam pressure of the boiler is reduced, and water is continuously supplemented in the period to keep the temperature of the wall of the water-cooled wall from rising reversely;
(6) Monitoring the bed temperature of the boiler, and feeding coal to the lower part of the hearth by using the pulverized coal bunker when the bed temperature is lower than a first preset temperature;
(7) After the bed temperature of the boiler begins to rise stably, adjusting the coal feeding rate according to the rising speed of the bed temperature, and enabling the rising speed of the bed temperature to be 5-10 ℃/min;
(8) When the bed temperature is higher than a second preset temperature, closing the pulverized coal bunker to stop coal feeding, and continuously heating the bed material by using the combustion waste heat of the residual pulverized coal in the hearth;
(9) Repeating the operations of the steps (7) to (8);
(10) When the fire raising process is started, a flow fan, an induced draft fan, a primary fan and a secondary fan are started in sequence;
(11) When the bed temperature is higher than the first preset temperature, the pulverized coal bunker is used for feeding coal to the lower part of the hearth, the bed temperature heating rate is controlled to be 15-20 ℃/min, and the boiler load increasing rate is controlled to be 0.5-2.5%/min of the full load;
(12) When the boiler load is increased to 5-10% of the full load, opening a coal feeder and closing a pulverized coal bunker, and carrying out coal feeding by using an original coal feeding system of the boiler;
(13) The load of the unit is gradually increased along with the return rise of the steam temperature and the steam pressure in the boiler.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the high bed temperature and the high bed pressure of the boiler are kept running before the pressure fire, the high bed pressure is 6-10 kPa, and the high bed temperature is 840-920 ℃; alternatively, the load of the boiler is adjusted to a full load state.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pulverized coal bunker includes a discharge valve, and the coal charging rate of the pulverized coal bunker is adjusted by controlling an opening degree of the discharge valve.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pulverized coal in the pulverized coal bunker has a particle size of not greater than 1mm and a V of the pulverized coal daf Not less than 30% of Q net，ar Not less than 20MJ/kg.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the following conditions is satisfied:
the main fuel of the boiler coal feeder is anthracite, and the first preset temperature is 720-760 ℃;
the main fuel of the boiler coal feeder is lean coal, and the first preset temperature is 630-720 ℃;
the main fuel of the boiler coal feeder is bituminous coal, and the first preset temperature is 550-630 ℃;
the main fuel of the boiler coal feeder is lignite, and the first preset temperature is 480-550 ℃.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second predetermined temperature is 850 ℃.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (10), the primary air flow rate is 1.1 to 1.3 times the minimum fluidization air flow rate when the primary air fan is started.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein process parameters including furnace internal temperature, furnace bed pressure, and furnace exit oxygen content are monitored in real time.
9. A circulating fluidized bed boiler system for carrying out the method of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
the circulating fluidized bed boiler comprises a pulverized coal inlet, a high-temperature flue gas outlet and a solid particle circulating inlet, wherein the high-temperature flue gas outlet is positioned at the upper part of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and the pulverized coal inlet and the solid particle circulating inlet are positioned at the lower part of the circulating fluidized bed boiler;
the pulverized coal bin is connected with the pulverized coal inlet through a coal dropping pipe, and a discharge valve is arranged between the pulverized coal bin and the coal dropping pipe;
the separator comprises a mixed gas inlet, a gas outlet and a solid particle outlet, the mixed gas inlet is connected with the high-temperature flue gas outlet, and the solid particle outlet is connected with the solid particle circulating inlet.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein at least one of the following conditions is satisfied:
the gas outlet is connected with the flue;
the high-temperature flue gas outlet is provided with a flue gas component measuring device;
the discharge valve is a conical valve;
the included angle between the coal dropping pipe and the horizontal direction is 35-50 degrees;
the connection height of the coal dropping pipe and the circulating fluidized bed boiler is consistent with the connection height of the circulating fluidized bed boiler and a coal feeding pipe of an original coal feeder.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN117053185A (en) * | 2023-06-21 | 2023-11-14 | 西安交通大学 | Transformation system for fire-pressing peak-shaving of circulating fluidized bed boiler |
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