CN115199951A - Mixed pressurized liquid hydrogen conveying system and method for liquid hydrogen engine test - Google Patents
Mixed pressurized liquid hydrogen conveying system and method for liquid hydrogen engine test Download PDFInfo
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- CN115199951A CN115199951A CN202211022127.4A CN202211022127A CN115199951A CN 115199951 A CN115199951 A CN 115199951A CN 202211022127 A CN202211022127 A CN 202211022127A CN 115199951 A CN115199951 A CN 115199951A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
- F17D1/082—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products for cold fluids, e.g. liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
- F17D1/12—Conveying liquids or viscous products by pressure of another fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
- F17D3/01—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
Abstract
The invention discloses a mixed pressurized liquid hydrogen conveying system and method for testing a liquid hydrogen engine. In the invention, the liquid nitrogen and the liquid helium are utilized to fully cool the pressurized normal-temperature high-pressure gas, and the external heat entering the liquid hydrogen storage tank is reduced, thereby reducing the temperature driving potential difference of the liquid hydrogen in supercritical transformation, reducing the amount of the liquid hydrogen in supercritical transformation, and ensuring that the liquid hydrogen conveying system can output conventional liquid hydrogen within a specified time. The liquid nitrogen flow and the liquid helium flow can be fed back and adjusted according to the flow of the pressurized hydrogen, and the accurate control of the temperature of the pressurized hydrogen can be realized. And after pressurization is finished, helium in the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be recovered through the purifier, so that the loss of precious helium resources is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy, in particular to a mixed pressurized liquid hydrogen conveying system for testing a liquid hydrogen engine.
Background
With the increasing application field of liquid hydrogen, aerospace, navigation and aviation vehicles using liquid hydrogen as engine fuel are emerging. During the engine test process using liquid hydrogen as fuel, the liquid hydrogen in the ground liquid hydrogen storage tank needs to be delivered to the engine test end in a short time. In practical engineering, liquid hydrogen in a liquid hydrogen storage tank is often input to an engine test end in a pressurization conveying mode. In the pressurization conveying mode, liquid hydrogen is filled in a liquid hydrogen storage tank in advance, then high-pressure hydrogen is filled into the headspace of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, so that the pressure in the pipe is increased, and the liquid hydrogen stored in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is pressed out from an outlet and enters an engine testing end. However, in practical application, it is found that a large amount of supercritical hydrogen exists in the liquid hydrogen output from the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the supercritical hydrogen density is lower than that of the liquid hydrogen, so if the supercritical hydrogen is delivered to the engine test end, the supply amount of the hydrogen fuel is reduced, and normal engine test is affected. Therefore, it is important to prevent the delivery of supercritical hydrogen to the engine during the engine test period. However, due to the specificity and safety of liquid hydrogen experiments, no relevant technology for inhibiting the supercritical transition of the liquid hydrogen pressurized conveying process is discovered at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that liquid hydrogen supercritical transformation is easy to occur in the process of conveying liquid hydrogen through pressurization in the prior art, and provides a mixed pressurization liquid hydrogen conveying system and a method for testing a liquid hydrogen engine. In the invention, the pressurized normal-temperature high-pressure gas is fully cooled by using the liquid nitrogen and the liquid helium, so that the external heat entering the liquid hydrogen storage tank is reduced, the liquid hydrogen amount of supercritical conversion is reduced, and the liquid hydrogen conveying system can output the conventional liquid hydrogen within the specified time.
The invention aims to realize the purpose of the invention by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a mixed pressurized liquid hydrogen conveying system for testing a liquid hydrogen engine, which comprises a pressurized hydrogen gas pipeline, a liquid nitrogen pipeline, a liquid helium pipeline, a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline, a helium gas recovery pipeline, a liquid nitrogen cooler and a liquid helium cooler;
the liquid nitrogen cooler and the liquid helium cooler are respectively provided with a first passage and a second passage which form heat exchange contact;
the inlet end of the pressurized hydrogen pipeline is connected with a high-pressure hydrogen source, and the outlet end of the pressurized hydrogen pipeline is connected with the top space of an inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank; a hydrogen valve, a hydrogen flowmeter, a hydrogen temperature sensor, a hydrogen pressure sensor, a first passage of a liquid nitrogen cooler and a first passage of a liquid helium cooler are sequentially connected between the inlet end and the outlet end of the pressurized hydrogen pipeline;
the inlet end of the liquid nitrogen pipeline is connected with a liquid nitrogen storage tank, and the outlet end of the liquid nitrogen pipeline is emptied; the liquid nitrogen pipeline is sequentially connected with a liquid nitrogen electromagnetic valve and a second passage of the liquid nitrogen cooler from the inlet end to the outlet end;
the inlet end of the liquid helium pipeline is connected with the liquid helium storage tank, and the outlet end of the liquid helium pipeline is connected with the inner cavity headspace of the liquid hydrogen storage tank; the liquid helium pipeline is sequentially connected with the liquid helium electromagnetic valve, a second passage of the liquid helium cooler and the pressure regulating valve from the inlet end to the outlet end;
the inlet end of the helium recovery pipeline is connected with the headspace of the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the outlet end of the helium recovery pipeline is connected with gas recovery equipment, and a mixed gas stop valve is arranged on the helium recovery pipeline;
the inlet end of the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline is connected with the bottom of an inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the outlet end of the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline is connected with a liquid hydrogen engine to be tested; the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline is sequentially connected with a liquid hydrogen flowmeter, a liquid hydrogen pressure sensor, a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor and a liquid hydrogen valve from the inlet end to the outlet end.
As a preferable mode of the first aspect, the high-pressure hydrogen source is high-pressure hydrogen supplied from a compressor or a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder group.
Preferably, the gas recovery apparatus of the first aspect employs a purifier.
As a preferable aspect of the first aspect, the purifier is an adsorption separation apparatus or a membrane separation apparatus for separating helium from hydrogen.
Preferably, in the first aspect, the liquid nitrogen cooler is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Preferably, in the first aspect, the liquid helium cooler is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
In the first aspect, the hydrogen gas flow meter, the liquid nitrogen solenoid valve, and the liquid helium solenoid valve are connected to a controller via signal lines, respectively, to form a feedback control system for adjusting the opening degrees of the liquid nitrogen solenoid valve and the liquid helium solenoid valve according to a signal from the hydrogen gas flow meter.
In the first aspect, the liquid hydrogen flow meter, the liquid hydrogen pressure sensor, the liquid hydrogen temperature sensor, and the liquid hydrogen valve are all connected to a controller.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for testing a hybrid pressurized liquid hydrogen delivery method for a liquid hydrogen engine using the system according to any of the aspects of the first aspect, comprising:
s1, filling liquid hydrogen meeting the test dosage of a liquid hydrogen engine into a liquid hydrogen storage tank;
s2, opening a hydrogen valve, introducing normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen from a high-pressure hydrogen source into a first passage of a liquid nitrogen cooler through a pressurized hydrogen pipeline, and simultaneously opening a liquid nitrogen electromagnetic valve to enable liquid nitrogen media in a liquid nitrogen storage tank to enter a second passage of the liquid nitrogen cooler through the liquid nitrogen pipeline under the self-pressurization effect, so that the high-pressure hydrogen in the first passage is cooled for the first time by utilizing the cold energy of liquid nitrogen in the second passage through heat exchange;
s3, the high-pressure hydrogen after the first temperature reduction continuously enters a first passage of the liquid helium cooler, and meanwhile, a liquid helium electromagnetic valve is opened to enable liquid helium medium in the liquid helium storage tank to enter a second passage of the liquid helium cooler through a liquid helium pipeline under the self-pressurization effect, so that the high-pressure hydrogen in the first passage is subjected to second temperature reduction through heat exchange by utilizing the cold energy of the liquid helium in the second passage, and the liquid helium is vaporized and pressurized after absorbing the heat of the high-pressure hydrogen; when the pressure of helium gas in the liquid helium pipeline reaches the set pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the pressure regulating valve is opened, the helium gas in the liquid helium pipeline and high-pressure hydrogen gas in the pressurization hydrogen pipeline are both introduced into the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the helium gas and the high-pressure hydrogen gas are mixed and then jointly pressurize the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank;
s4, after the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank reaches a target pressure value, opening a liquid hydrogen valve to enable liquid hydrogen at the bottom of a liquid phase area of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to enter a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline under the pressure action of mixed gas in a gas phase area of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and finally conveying the liquid hydrogen to a liquid hydrogen engine test end after sequentially flowing through a liquid hydrogen flowmeter, a liquid hydrogen pressure sensor, a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor and the liquid hydrogen valve;
and S5, after the liquid hydrogen pressurized transmission is finished, closing the hydrogen valve, the liquid nitrogen electromagnetic valve, the liquid helium electromagnetic valve, the pressure regulating valve and the liquid hydrogen valve, opening the mixed gas stop valve, and recovering the helium and hydrogen mixed gas in the gas phase area of the liquid hydrogen storage tank into gas recovery equipment through a helium recovery pipeline to finish the recovery of the helium and the hydrogen and perform subsequent separation.
Preferably, in the second aspect, during the pressurized transportation of the liquid hydrogen, the flow rate of the pressurized hydrogen in the pressurized hydrogen pipeline is measured in real time by the hydrogen flowmeter, and the flow rate signal is transmitted to the controller through the signal line, and then the controller outputs the control signal through the signal line according to a preset regulation rule, so as to regulate the opening degrees of the liquid nitrogen electromagnetic valve and the liquid helium electromagnetic valve, so that the flow rates of the liquid nitrogen and the liquid helium in the liquid nitrogen cooler and the liquid helium cooler meet the cooling requirement of the current high-pressure hydrogen flow rate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the outstanding and beneficial technical effects that: the liquid nitrogen medium is adopted to carry out preliminary precooling on the pressurized hydrogen, so that the cost for adjusting the temperature of the pressurized hydrogen can be reduced; the liquid helium medium is adopted to carry out secondary precooling on the pressurized hydrogen, and the precooled low-temperature helium gas directly enters the liquid hydrogen storage tank to be pressurized, so that not only can complex equipment required for directly spraying liquid helium into the high-pressure liquid hydrogen storage tank be avoided, but also the consumption of the pressurized hydrogen can be reduced; the flow of the liquid nitrogen and the flow of the liquid helium can be fed back and adjusted according to the flow of the pressurized hydrogen, so that the temperature of the pressurized hydrogen can be accurately controlled, and the consumption of the liquid nitrogen and the liquid helium can be reduced; after pressurization is completed, helium in the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be recovered through the purifier, and loss of precious helium resources is reduced.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings so as to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high pressure liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine testing according to the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1, a high-pressure hydrogen source 2, a hydrogen valve 3, a hydrogen flowmeter 4, a hydrogen throttling cooler 5, a first hydrogen passage 6, a second hydrogen passage 7, a hydrogen temperature sensor 8, a hydrogen pressure sensor 9, a liquid hydrogen throttling cooler 10, a liquid hydrogen storage tank 11, a liquid phase area 12 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, a gas phase area 13 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen throttling pipeline 14, a hydrogen throttling valve 15, a liquid hydrogen throttling pipeline 16, a first liquid hydrogen stop valve 17, a liquid hydrogen throttling valve 18, a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19, a liquid hydrogen flowmeter 20, a liquid hydrogen pressure sensor 21, a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor 22 and a second liquid hydrogen stop valve 23.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The technical characteristics in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without mutual conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element, i.e., intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" to another element, there are no intervening elements present.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
As shown in fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a hybrid pressurized liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine testing is provided, which is characterized by comprising a pressurized hydrogen gas pipeline 1, a high-pressure hydrogen gas source 2, a hydrogen valve 3, a hydrogen gas flow meter 4, a hydrogen throttling cooler 5, a first hydrogen passage 6, a second hydrogen passage 7, a hydrogen gas temperature sensor 8, a hydrogen gas pressure sensor 9, a liquid hydrogen throttling cooler 10, a liquid hydrogen storage tank 11, a hydrogen gas throttling pipeline 14, a hydrogen gas throttling valve 15, a liquid hydrogen throttling pipeline 16, a first liquid hydrogen stop valve 17, a liquid hydrogen throttling valve 18, a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19, a liquid hydrogen flow meter 20, a liquid hydrogen pressure sensor 21, a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor 22 and a second liquid hydrogen stop valve 23.
The liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 is a closed tank body with the outside wrapped with heat insulation materials, and a liquid hydrogen filling port is formed in the pipe body. The tank inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 is used for storing liquid hydrogen to be filled into the liquid hydrogen engine. In practical application, the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 is divided into a liquid phase region 12 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and a gas phase region 13 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank by taking the liquid hydrogen level as a boundary, when the pressurized hydrogen gas is injected into the gas phase region 13 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank by the pressurized hydrogen gas pipeline 1, the pressure of the gas phase region 13 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is gradually increased, and then the liquid hydrogen in the liquid phase region 12 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is injected into a test end of the liquid hydrogen engine through the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19, and the process can be called a liquid hydrogen pressurization conveying process.
Through research on the liquid hydrogen pressurized conveying process, the reason for the transformation of the liquid hydrogen to the supercritical hydrogen in the process is mainly due to the temperature rise at the gas-liquid two-phase interface of the liquid phase region 12 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the gas phase region 13 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Since the triple point temperature and pressure of liquid hydrogen are 33.145K and 1.296MPa, respectively, the power for liquid hydrogen delivery is typically room temperature hydrogen supplied by high pressure hydrogen source 2 at pressures up to tens of megapascals. Therefore, when the pressurized hydrogen enters the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 for pressurization, except that the liquid hydrogen storage tank normally conveys the liquid hydrogen to the engine test end, a gas-phase high-liquid-phase low temperature difference exists at the gas-liquid two-phase interface position, and the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11, which is in contact with the pressurized hydrogen, is gradually converted into supercritical hydrogen. Because there is no latent heat of phase change when liquid hydrogen is converted into supercritical hydrogen, and the heat conductivity coefficient of supercritical hydrogen is greater than that of liquid hydrogen, the heat of pressurized hydrogen can be quickly transferred to the lower part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, so that more liquid hydrogen is converted into supercritical hydrogen. Therefore, the control of the temperature rise of the liquid hydrogen at the gas-liquid two-phase interface and the reduction of the temperature driving potential difference of the supercritical conversion of the liquid hydrogen at the interface are the key points for inhibiting the conversion of the liquid hydrogen to the supercritical hydrogen in the pressurizing and conveying process of the liquid hydrogen.
Based on the principle, the invention designs a treatment measure for cooling the high-pressure hydrogen gas, and utilizes liquid nitrogen and liquid helium to fully cool the pressurized normal-temperature high-pressure gas, so that the high-pressure hydrogen gas is cooled to a target temperature capable of inhibiting the supercritical transformation of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 before entering the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11, and the amount of the liquid hydrogen undergoing the supercritical transformation is reduced by reducing the external heat entering the liquid hydrogen storage tank, thereby ensuring that the liquid hydrogen conveying system can output the conventional liquid hydrogen within the specified time.
The target temperature at which the supercritical transition of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen tank 11 can be suppressed is theoretically the closer to the temperature of the liquid hydrogen stored in the liquid phase region 12 of the liquid hydrogen tank, the better. However, in practical application, the temperature of the liquid hydrogen may be the same as the temperature of the liquid hydrogen stored in the liquid phase region 12 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, or may be slightly higher or lower than the temperature of the liquid hydrogen stored in the liquid phase region 12 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. From the perspective of saving liquid nitrogen and liquid helium consumption, need not to cool down high-pressure hydrogen to liquid hydrogen temperature, can set up a target temperature that is higher than liquid hydrogen temperature according to the supercritical transition suppression effect of liquid hydrogen of reality, when high-pressure hydrogen satisfies this target temperature, can generally restrain the liquid hydrogen to the transformation of supercritical hydrogen can, because there is the minimum liquid hydrogen and takes place supercritical hydrogen and change and also be allowable.
The specific connection and operation of the components of the hybrid pressurized liquid hydrogen delivery system for testing of liquid hydrogen engines are described in detail below to facilitate an understanding of the spirit of the present invention.
The high-pressure hydrogen source 2 is a hydrogen source higher than the normal pressure, and the specific pressure thereof needs to be selected according to actual test requirements, and is not limited to a specific pressure value, and therefore, it may be referred to as a pressurized hydrogen. The high-pressure hydrogen source 2 can adopt high-pressure hydrogen supplied by a compressor or a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder set, and in this embodiment, the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder set is selected as the high-pressure hydrogen source 2 to supply pressurized hydrogen.
In addition, in order to cool the high-pressure hydrogen gas, a liquid nitrogen cooler 7 and a liquid helium cooler 8 are introduced to exchange heat between the high-pressure hydrogen gas and the liquid helium. The liquid nitrogen cooler 7 and the liquid helium cooler 8 each have a first passage and a second passage inside which heat exchange contact is made.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the inlet end of the pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1 is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen source 2, and the outlet end is connected to the cavity head space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 9. The pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1 is sequentially connected with a hydrogen valve 3, a hydrogen flowmeter 4, a hydrogen temperature sensor 5, a hydrogen pressure sensor 6, a first passage of a liquid nitrogen cooler 7 and a first passage of a liquid helium cooler 8 from an inlet end to an outlet end. The hydrogen valve 3 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the whole hydrogen pressurizing pipeline 1, the hydrogen flow meter 4 is used for detecting the hydrogen flow in the hydrogen pressurizing pipeline 1, the hydrogen temperature sensor 5 is used for detecting the hydrogen temperature in the hydrogen pressurizing pipeline 1, and the hydrogen pressure sensor 6 is used for detecting the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen pressurizing pipeline 1. In this embodiment, the liquid nitrogen cooler 7 may be a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the outer shell-side channel is used for circulating the high-pressure hydrogen to be cooled, and the inner tube-side channel is used for circulating the liquid nitrogen, thereby cooling the high-pressure hydrogen by using the cold energy of the liquid nitrogen. The liquid helium cooler 8 may also be a shell and tube heat exchanger, with an outer shell side channel for circulating high pressure hydrogen to be cooled and an inner tube side channel for circulating liquid helium.
The inlet end of the liquid nitrogen pipeline 12 is connected with a liquid nitrogen storage tank 13, and the outlet end is emptied. The liquid nitrogen pipeline 12 is connected with a liquid nitrogen solenoid valve 14 and a second passage of the liquid nitrogen cooler 7 from the inlet end to the outlet end in sequence. The liquid nitrogen storage tank 13 is used for storing low-temperature liquid nitrogen, and the liquid nitrogen solenoid valve 14 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the liquid nitrogen pipeline 12. Liquid nitrogen storage tank 13 is inclosed, and liquid nitrogen pipeline 12 stretches into below the liquid level, can improve internal pressure after the liquid nitrogen vaporization, and then extrudes inside liquid nitrogen through this from the pressure boost effect for liquid nitrogen accessible in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 13 is carried along liquid nitrogen pipeline 12 from the pressure boost effect, gets into in the liquid nitrogen cooler 7. The liquid nitrogen is used as a cold source in the liquid nitrogen cooler 7, absorbs the heat of the high-pressure hydrogen, is vaporized and is directly emptied.
The inlet end of the liquid helium pipeline 15 is connected with the liquid helium storage tank 16, and the outlet end of the liquid helium pipeline is connected with the inner cavity headspace of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 9. A liquid helium solenoid valve 17, a second path of the liquid helium cooler 8 and a pressure regulating valve 18 are connected in sequence from the inlet end to the outlet end of the liquid helium line 15.
The liquid helium storage tank 16 functions to store cryogenic liquid helium, and the liquid helium solenoid valve 17 functions to control the opening and closing of the liquid helium line 15. The liquid helium storage tank 16 is closed, the liquid helium pipeline 15 extends below the liquid level, the internal pressure of the liquid helium can be increased after the liquid helium is vaporized, and then the internal liquid nitrogen is pressed out through the self-pressurization effect, so that the liquid helium in the liquid helium storage tank 16 can be conveyed along the liquid helium pipeline 15 through the self-pressurization effect and enters the liquid helium cooler 8. The liquid helium is used as a cold source in the liquid helium cooler 8 and is vaporized after absorbing the heat of the high-pressure hydrogen, but the liquid helium is expensive in price and cost, and the vaporized helium often has cold energy, so that the liquid helium cannot be directly emptied, and needs to be introduced into the liquid hydrogen storage tank 9 to be used as pressurized gas together with the high-pressure hydrogen, so that subsequent recovery and separation can be performed conveniently. Since a high-pressure environment exists in the headspace of the liquid hydrogen tank 9, a pressure regulating valve 18 needs to be provided to ensure that the helium gas can smoothly enter the liquid hydrogen tank 9. After the pressure of the low-temperature helium reaches the set pressure of the pressure regulating valve 18, the pressure regulating valve 18 is opened, and the low-temperature helium with the pressure can enter the gas phase area 11 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Therefore, the opening pressure of the pressure regulating valve 18 needs to be set according to the actual pressure environment in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 9, so as to ensure that the low-temperature helium gas smoothly enters the liquid hydrogen storage tank 9.
The inlet end of the helium recovery pipeline 24 is connected with the cavity headspace of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 9, the outlet end of the helium recovery pipeline is connected with the gas recovery device, and the helium recovery pipeline 24 is provided with a mixed gas stop valve 25. The mixed gas stop valve 25 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the helium recovery pipeline 24, and after the whole test is finished, the mixed gas stop valve 25 can be opened, so that high-pressure hydrogen and helium in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 9 enter the gas recovery equipment to be recycled. In this embodiment, the gas recovery apparatus employs a purifier 26. The purifier 26 is an adsorption separation device or a membrane separation device for separating helium from hydrogen, and can realize separation of helium from hydrogen by means of adsorption or membrane separation, respectively. Of course, other gas recovery devices may be used in the present invention.
The inlet end of the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19 is connected with the bottom of the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 9, and the outlet end of the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline is connected with a liquid hydrogen filling port of a liquid hydrogen engine to be tested. The liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19 is connected with a liquid hydrogen flow meter 20, a liquid hydrogen pressure sensor 21, a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor 22 and a liquid hydrogen valve 23 in sequence from the inlet end to the outlet end. The liquid hydrogen valve 23 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the whole liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19, the liquid hydrogen temperature sensor 22 is used for detecting the temperature of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19, the liquid hydrogen pressure sensor 21 is used for detecting the pressure of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19, and the liquid hydrogen flow meter 20 is used for detecting the flow rate of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19, so that corresponding operating parameters are adjusted through parameters of the sensors, and physical and chemical parameters of liquid hydrogen filled into the liquid hydrogen engine meet requirements.
It should be noted that, since the present invention has two cooling manners, namely liquid nitrogen cooling and liquid helium cooling, and the limit cooling temperatures of liquid nitrogen and liquid helium are different, the flow rate of liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen pipeline 12 and the flow rate of liquid helium in the liquid helium pipeline 15 can be controlled according to the current high-pressure hydrogen gas flow rate and the target temperature in practical applications. As a preferable mode of the embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen gas flow meter 4, the liquid nitrogen solenoid valve 14, and the liquid helium solenoid valve 17 may be connected to the controller 28 through signal lines 27, respectively, to form a feedback control system for adjusting the opening degrees of the liquid nitrogen solenoid valve 14 and the liquid helium solenoid valve 17 according to the signal of the hydrogen gas flow meter 4. The controller 28 may pre-store a mapping relationship between the high-pressure hydrogen flow rate and the opening of the two solenoid valves, and the mapping relationship may be optimized through a test to ensure that the flow rates of the liquid nitrogen and the liquid helium meet the cooling requirement of the current high-pressure hydrogen flow rate, and to suppress the supercritical transition of the liquid hydrogen as much as possible. In practical application, the high-pressure hydrogen flow can be obtained according to the signal of the hydrogen flowmeter 4, and then the opening control signals of the two electromagnetic valves are generated according to the mapping relation.
The operation mode of the mixed pressurized liquid hydrogen conveying system for testing the liquid hydrogen engine is as follows:
(1) The high-pressure hydrogen source 2 can supply the needed pressurized hydrogen, and the liquid hydrogen storage tank 9 is filled with a proper amount of liquid hydrogen.
(2) The hydrogen valve 3 is opened, normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen source 2 enters the pressurization hydrogen pipeline 1, flows through the hydrogen flowmeter 4, the hydrogen temperature sensor 5 and the hydrogen pressure sensor 6 in sequence after passing through the hydrogen valve 3, then enters the first passage of the liquid nitrogen cooler 7, absorbs the cold energy of liquid nitrogen to carry out first cooling, then continues to enter the first passage of the liquid helium cooler 8, absorbs the cold energy of liquid helium to carry out second cooling, finally enters the liquid hydrogen storage tank 9, is mixed with the low-temperature hydrogen in the gas phase region 11 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and improves the pressure inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 9.
(3) And opening a liquid nitrogen electromagnetic valve 14, enabling a liquid nitrogen medium in a liquid nitrogen storage tank 13 to enter a liquid nitrogen pipeline 12 through self pressurization, then entering a second channel of a liquid nitrogen cooler 7 through the liquid nitrogen electromagnetic valve 14, absorbing heat of pressurized hydrogen, vaporizing, and then directly emptying.
(4) And (3) opening the liquid helium electromagnetic valve 17, enabling the liquid helium medium in the liquid helium storage tank 14 to enter the liquid nitrogen pipeline 12 through self pressurization, then enabling the liquid helium medium to enter a second passage of the liquid helium cooler 8 through the liquid helium electromagnetic valve 17, absorbing the heat of the pressurized hydrogen gas and then vaporizing the heat, opening the pressure regulating valve 18 after the pressure of the low-temperature helium gas reaches the set pressure of the pressure regulating valve 18, enabling the low-temperature helium gas to enter the gas phase area 11 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and pressurizing the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 9 after the low-temperature helium gas is mixed with the pressurized hydrogen gas.
(5) The hydrogen flowmeter 4 measures the flow rate of the pressurized hydrogen in the pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1, transmits a flow rate signal to the controller 28 through the signal line 27, and then the controller 28 outputs a control signal through the signal line 27 to adjust the opening degrees of the liquid nitrogen electromagnetic valve 14 and the liquid helium electromagnetic valve 17 so that the flow rates of the liquid nitrogen and the liquid helium are matched with the flow rate of the pressurized gas.
(6) And opening a liquid hydrogen valve 23, allowing liquid hydrogen at the bottom of the liquid phase region 10 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to enter a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19 under the action of pressurized hydrogen gas, sequentially flowing through a liquid hydrogen flowmeter 20, a liquid hydrogen pressure sensor 21, a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor 22 and the liquid hydrogen valve 23, and finally conveying the liquid hydrogen to a liquid hydrogen engine test end.
(7) After the liquid hydrogen pressurization and delivery are completed, the hydrogen valve 3, the liquid nitrogen electromagnetic valve 14, the liquid helium electromagnetic valve 17, the pressure regulating valve 18 and the liquid hydrogen valve 23 are closed, the mixed gas stop valve 25 is opened slowly, the mixed gas of the helium gas and the hydrogen gas in the gas phase area 11 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank enters the helium gas recovery pipeline 24, and then enters the purifier 26 through the mixed gas stop valve 25, so that the separation and recovery of the helium gas and the hydrogen gas are completed.
The above-mentioned flow is an operation mode when the flow rate of the pressurized hydrogen is large, and when the flow rate of the pressurized hydrogen is small, it can also only adopt a single liquid nitrogen cooling or liquid helium cooling mode.
In order to ensure stable physicochemical parameters of the liquid hydrogen to be output, the controller 28 may be connected to all of the liquid hydrogen flow meter 20, the liquid hydrogen pressure sensor 21, the liquid hydrogen temperature sensor 22, and the liquid hydrogen valve 23, and the controller 28 may perform feedback control based on signals from the sensors.
In another embodiment of the present invention, based on the above mixed pressurized liquid hydrogen delivery system, a method for testing a mixed pressurized liquid hydrogen delivery method for a liquid hydrogen engine is further provided, which specifically includes steps S1 to S5:
s1, filling liquid hydrogen meeting the test dosage of a liquid hydrogen engine into a liquid hydrogen storage tank 9;
s2, opening a hydrogen valve 3, introducing normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen from a high-pressure hydrogen source 2 into a first passage of a liquid nitrogen cooler 7 through a pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1, and simultaneously opening a liquid nitrogen electromagnetic valve 14 to enable liquid nitrogen media in a liquid nitrogen storage tank 13 to enter a second passage of the liquid nitrogen cooler 7 through a liquid nitrogen pipeline 12 under the self-pressurization effect, so that the high-pressure hydrogen in the first passage is cooled for the first time by utilizing the cold energy of liquid nitrogen in the second passage through heat exchange;
s3, the high-pressure hydrogen after the first temperature reduction continuously enters a first passage of the liquid helium cooler 8, and meanwhile, a liquid helium electromagnetic valve 17 is opened to enable liquid helium medium in the liquid helium storage tank 14 to enter a second passage of the liquid helium cooler 8 through a liquid helium pipeline 15 under the self-pressurization effect, so that the high-pressure hydrogen in the first passage is cooled for the second time through heat exchange by utilizing the cold energy of the liquid helium in the second passage, and the liquid helium absorbs the heat of the high-pressure hydrogen and then is vaporized and pressurized; when the pressure of helium gas in the liquid helium pipeline 15 reaches the set pressure of the pressure regulating valve 18, the pressure regulating valve 18 is opened, the helium gas in the liquid helium pipeline 15 and the high-pressure hydrogen gas in the hydrogen pressurizing pipeline 1 are both introduced into the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 9, and the helium gas and the high-pressure hydrogen gas are mixed to pressurize the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 9;
s4, after the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 9 reaches a target pressure value, opening a liquid hydrogen valve 23, enabling liquid hydrogen at the bottom of a liquid phase area 10 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to enter a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 19 under the pressure action of mixed gas in a gas phase area 11 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and finally conveying the liquid hydrogen to a liquid hydrogen engine test end after sequentially flowing through a liquid hydrogen flowmeter 20, a liquid hydrogen pressure sensor 21, a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor 22 and the liquid hydrogen valve 23;
and S5, after the liquid hydrogen pressurization conveying is finished, closing the hydrogen valve 3, the liquid nitrogen electromagnetic valve 14, the liquid helium electromagnetic valve 17, the pressure regulating valve 18 and the liquid hydrogen valve 23, opening the mixed gas stop valve 25, recovering the helium gas and the hydrogen gas mixed gas in the gas phase area 11 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank into gas recovery equipment through a helium gas recovery pipeline 24, and completing the recovery of the helium gas and the hydrogen gas and subsequent separation.
Of course, as mentioned above, during the pressurized transportation of liquid hydrogen, the flow rate of the pressurized hydrogen in the pressurized hydrogen pipeline 1 can be measured in real time by the hydrogen flowmeter 4, and the flow rate signal is transmitted to the controller 28 through the signal line 27, and then the controller 28 outputs the control signal through the signal line 27 according to the preset regulation rule, so as to regulate the opening degrees of the liquid nitrogen solenoid valve 14 and the liquid helium solenoid valve 17, so that the flow rates of the liquid nitrogen and the liquid helium in the liquid nitrogen cooler 7 and the liquid helium cooler 8 meet the cooling requirement of the current high-pressure hydrogen flow rate.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scheme obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A mixed pressurized liquid hydrogen conveying system for liquid hydrogen engine testing is characterized by comprising a pressurized hydrogen gas pipeline (1), a liquid nitrogen pipeline (12), a liquid helium pipeline (15), a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (19), a helium gas recovery pipeline (24), a liquid nitrogen cooler (7) and a liquid helium cooler (8);
the liquid nitrogen cooler (7) and the liquid helium cooler (8) are respectively provided with a first passage and a second passage which form heat exchange contact;
the inlet end of the pressurized hydrogen pipeline (1) is connected with the high-pressure hydrogen source (2), and the outlet end of the pressurized hydrogen pipeline is connected with the top space of the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (9); a first passage of a hydrogen valve (3), a hydrogen flowmeter (4), a hydrogen temperature sensor (5), a hydrogen pressure sensor (6), a liquid nitrogen cooler (7) and a first passage of a liquid helium cooler (8) are sequentially connected between an inlet end and an outlet end of the pressurized hydrogen pipeline (1);
the inlet end of the liquid nitrogen pipeline (12) is connected with a liquid nitrogen storage tank (13), and the outlet end is emptied; a liquid nitrogen pipeline (12) is sequentially connected with a liquid nitrogen electromagnetic valve (14) and a second passage of the liquid nitrogen cooler (7) from an inlet end to an outlet end;
the inlet end of the liquid helium pipeline (15) is connected with a liquid helium storage tank (16), and the outlet end of the liquid helium pipeline is connected with the top space of an inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (9); a liquid helium solenoid valve (17), a second passage of the liquid helium cooler (8) and a pressure regulating valve (18) are sequentially connected between the inlet end and the outlet end of the liquid helium pipeline (15);
the inlet end of the helium recovery pipeline (24) is connected with the cavity headspace of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (9), the outlet end of the helium recovery pipeline is connected with gas recovery equipment, and a mixed gas stop valve (25) is arranged on the helium recovery pipeline (24);
the inlet end of the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (19) is connected with the bottom of the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (9), and the outlet end of the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline is connected with a liquid hydrogen engine to be tested; the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (19) is sequentially connected with a liquid hydrogen flowmeter (20), a liquid hydrogen pressure sensor (21), a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor (22) and a liquid hydrogen valve (23) from the inlet end to the outlet end.
2. The hybrid pressurized liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine testing according to claim 1, wherein the high pressure hydrogen source (2) employs high pressure hydrogen gas or a high pressure hydrogen cylinder set provided by a compressor.
3. The hybrid pressurized liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine testing of claim 1 wherein the gas recovery device employs a purifier (26).
4. The hybrid pressurized liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine testing of claim 1, wherein the purifier (26) is an adsorption separation device or a membrane separation device for separating helium gas from hydrogen gas.
5. The hybrid pressurized liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine testing according to claim 1, wherein the liquid nitrogen cooler (7) is a shell and tube heat exchanger.
6. The hybrid pressurized liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine testing of claim 1 wherein the liquid helium cooler (8) is a shell and tube heat exchanger.
7. The mixed pressurized liquid hydrogen conveying system for liquid hydrogen engine test according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen gas flowmeter (4), the liquid nitrogen solenoid valve (14) and the liquid helium solenoid valve (17) are respectively connected with the controller (28) through signal lines (27) to form a feedback control system for adjusting the opening degree of the liquid nitrogen solenoid valve (14) and the liquid helium solenoid valve (17) according to the signal of the hydrogen gas flowmeter (4).
8. The hybrid pressurized liquid hydrogen delivery system for liquid hydrogen engine testing according to claim 7, wherein the liquid hydrogen flow meter (20), the liquid hydrogen pressure sensor (21), the liquid hydrogen temperature sensor (22), and the liquid hydrogen valve (23) are all connected to a controller (28).
9. A method of testing a hybrid pressurized liquid hydrogen delivery system using a liquid hydrogen engine according to any of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
s1, filling liquid hydrogen meeting the test dosage of a liquid hydrogen engine into a liquid hydrogen storage tank (9);
s2, opening a hydrogen valve (3), introducing normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen from a high-pressure hydrogen source (2) into a first passage of a liquid nitrogen cooler (7) through a pressurized hydrogen pipeline (1), and simultaneously opening a liquid nitrogen electromagnetic valve (14) to enable liquid nitrogen media in a liquid nitrogen storage tank (13) to enter a second passage of the liquid nitrogen cooler (7) through a liquid nitrogen pipeline (12) under the self-pressurization effect, so that the high-pressure hydrogen in the first passage is cooled for the first time by using the cold energy of liquid nitrogen in the second passage through heat exchange;
s3, the high-pressure hydrogen after the first temperature reduction continuously enters a first passage of a liquid helium cooler (8), and meanwhile, a liquid helium electromagnetic valve (17) is opened to enable liquid helium medium in a liquid helium storage tank (14) to enter a second passage of the liquid helium cooler (8) through a liquid helium pipeline (15) under the self-pressurization effect, so that the high-pressure hydrogen in the first passage is cooled for the second time through heat exchange by utilizing the cold energy of the liquid helium in the second passage, and the liquid helium is vaporized and pressurized after absorbing the heat of the high-pressure hydrogen; when the pressure of helium in the liquid helium pipeline (15) reaches the set pressure of the pressure regulating valve (18), the pressure regulating valve (18) is opened, the helium in the liquid helium pipeline (15) and high-pressure hydrogen in the pressurization hydrogen pipeline (1) are both introduced into the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (9), and the helium and the high-pressure hydrogen are mixed to jointly pressurize the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (9);
s4, after the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (9) reaches a target pressure value, opening a liquid hydrogen valve (23), enabling liquid hydrogen at the bottom of a liquid phase region (10) of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to enter a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (19) under the pressure action of mixed gas in a gas phase region (11) of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, sequentially flowing through a liquid hydrogen flowmeter (20), a liquid hydrogen pressure sensor (21), a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor (22) and the liquid hydrogen valve (23), and finally conveying the liquid hydrogen to a liquid hydrogen engine testing end;
and S5, after the liquid hydrogen pressurization conveying is finished, closing the hydrogen valve (3), the liquid nitrogen electromagnetic valve (14), the liquid helium electromagnetic valve (17), the pressure regulating valve (18) and the liquid hydrogen valve (23), opening the mixed gas stop valve (25), recovering the mixed gas of the helium and the hydrogen in the gas phase area (11) of the liquid hydrogen storage tank into gas recovery equipment through a helium recovery pipeline (24), and finishing the recovery of the helium and the hydrogen and subsequent separation.
10. The method for testing the hybrid supercharged liquid hydrogen conveying of the liquid hydrogen engine according to claim 9, wherein during the process of the liquid hydrogen supercharged conveying, the flow rate of the supercharged hydrogen in the supercharged hydrogen pipeline (1) is measured in real time through the hydrogen flowmeter (4), the flow rate signal is transmitted to the controller (28) through the signal line (27), and then the controller (28) outputs a control signal through the signal line (27) according to a preset regulation rule, so that the opening degrees of the liquid nitrogen solenoid valve (14) and the liquid helium solenoid valve (17) are regulated, and the flow rates of the liquid nitrogen and the liquid helium in the liquid nitrogen cooler (7) and the liquid helium cooler (8) meet the cooling requirement of the current high-pressure hydrogen flow rate.
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