CN115198061B - 一种提高非晶磁性材料力学性能及磁性能的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高非晶磁性材料力学性能及磁性能的方法,属于功能材料技术领域。该方法首先将非晶磁性材料在退火温度Ta条件下保温0.5‑1.5小时,Ta=(Tc‑100K)~(Tc‑70K),Tc为居里温度;然后快速加热到温度T并保温5‑30s,T低于晶化温度Tx;最后以大于300K/s的速率冷却。采用本发明方法处理后的非晶带材在不损失磁性的前提下的力学性能有明显的提高,改进了现有工艺下材料力学性能差的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能材料领域,具体涉及一种提高非晶磁性材料力学性能及磁性能的方法。
背景技术
磁性材料具有转换、存储和改变能量的功能,是重要的功能材料。其中软磁材料在磁性材料所占比例最大,包括非晶软磁合金与晶态软磁材料。非晶态的软磁材料通常是以Fe,Co,Ni等元素为主元素的非晶合金。与传统的晶态合金软磁材料相比,非晶态的软磁材料由于原子呈无序排列,没有晶体的各向异性特性,可具有高的导磁率和低的矫顽力,且电阻率高,铁损较传统的硅钢要低得多,是性能优异的软磁材料。因此,广泛应用于电器设备、电子设备的磁路和元器件等相关领域中。
然而,在Fe基等磁性非晶材料的制备过程中,由于快速冷却过程会使材料保留了极大的内应力,这种内应力通过磁弹耦合效应将在铁磁合金带中产生较大的应力磁各向异性。应力磁各向异性对非晶态合金的磁畴结构及其磁化过程起阻碍作用,进而影响合金的磁性能。
为了消除上述内应力,进一步提高材料的磁性能,目前通常采用等温退火的方式处理非晶软磁材料,即将该软磁材料置于居里温度以下某一温度进行一小时以上的保温处理。该过程会使材料弛豫从而导致材料的脆化,从而影响软磁材料的工业应用范围及使用寿命。此外,该退火过程时间较长,热处理效率低,而且仅能提高材料的磁性能。
专利CN 112226583 A公开了一种非晶合金带材的快热处理工艺,该方法选择在大于居里温度0-20℃的范围内进行保温,保温时长2-10min。该方法优化了退火工艺,缩短了热处理时间,提高了生产效率,但是非晶合金带材的力学性能未见报道。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述不足之处,本发明的目的在于提供一种提高非晶磁性材料力学性能及磁性能的方法,该方法采用“两步”退火处理工艺,不仅缩短了传统的磁性材料生产的后处理时间,而且在保证产品磁性能不下降的同时还提高了产品的力学性能。解决了传统工艺中退火导致磁性材料脆化的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种提高非晶磁性材料力学性能及磁性能的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)高温退火处理:将非晶磁性材料在退火温度Ta条件下保温0.5-1.5小时,Ta=(Tc-100K)~(Tc-70K),Tc为居里温度;
(2)快速加热并保温:将经步骤(1)退火处理后的非晶磁性材料快速加热到温度T并保温5-30s,T低于晶化温度Tx;
(3)快速冷却:以大于300K/s的速率冷却。
所述非晶磁性材料为铁基、钴基或镍基非晶合金带材。
步骤(1)中,所述高温退火处理的保温时间为0.6-1.2小时。
步骤(2)中,加速到温度T过程的加热速率为50K/s。
步骤(2)中,T=(Ta+90K)~(Tx-70K),保温时间为8-30s。
步骤(3)中,冷却方式为冰水快速淬火或其他可使样品快速降温的方式。
本发明设计机理如下:
在工业应用过程中,磁性非晶材料为了获得良好的磁性,通常会对带材进行退火处理,该过程会使材料处于低能态,即驰豫。如图1所示,工业上退火后的非晶带材在DSC加热过程中会出现一个吸热峰。在文献Enthalpy relaxation and recovery in amorphousmaterials.J.Non-Cryst.Solids 169,211-266(1994)中指出,发生弛豫的低能态非晶材料中普遍存在焓松弛(Enthalpy relaxation),并且在DSC加热过程中,在退火温度(Ta)之后会出现一个吸热峰,见图1中退火态曲线。如果加热退火态的磁性非晶材料至该吸热峰以上的温度然后再快速冷却,材料就会吸收这一部分的能量,***能量得到提升,从而实现力学性能的回春。但是如果退火态材料的回春温度大于居里温度时,样品会继续弛豫,即进一步释放能量,其能态会降低,进而恶化材料的力学性能。
基于上述研究,本发明的总思路是采用两步退火法:1.降低磁性非晶带材的能态,将其置于一定条件下退火。2.将该带材快速加热到吸热峰之后的温度,使其能量得到提高,然后快速冷却,从而实现回春。
本发明的优点和有益效果如下:
利用本发明所述方法提高非晶磁性材料性能,与现有技术相比具有以下优势:
1、本发明改善了磁性非晶带材经传统退火处理后力学性能变差的问题。传统的退火处理方式会导致非晶带材变脆,随着使用时间的增加会产生尖锐的碎屑,给电路带来安全隐患。使用本发明的方法处理后的非晶带材的力学性能与现有技术相比有明显的提高,可降低安全隐患。
2、经过本发明处理后的非晶带材的与现有技术相比矫顽力差别不大,即在不损失磁性的前提下改进了现有工艺下材料力学性能差的问题。
3、经过本发明处理后的非晶带材与铸态相比力学性能基本不变,甚至完全回复,可实现真正意义上的回春。
4、本发明工艺简单,广泛适用于各类磁性非晶合金,且对样品的形状、结构不具有破坏性,具有很高的工业应用价值。
附图说明
图1为淬态样品、弛豫态样品、回春后样品的DSC曲线。
图2为实施例1淬态样品、弛豫态样品、回春后样品的XRD曲线
图3为实施例1淬态样品、弛豫态样品、回春后样品的失效应变和矫顽力图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例并对照附图对本发明进行说明,但本发明不局限于此。
目前,为了获得良好的磁性能,通常采用“一步”退火法热处理工艺,即将材料置于一定温度下保温一段时间。该方法仅能提高材料的磁性能,且该工艺退火时间长会导致材料驰豫产生脆化,不仅缩短了材料的使用寿命,还限制了工业生产效率。
为了解决上述问题,本发明提出了“两步”退火法的后处理工艺,其目的在于不仅缩短了传统的磁性材料生产的后处理时间,而且在保证产品磁性能不下降的同时还提高了产品的力学性能。解决了传统工艺中退火导致磁性材料脆化的问题。
本发明采用两步法并通过优化参数,对目前广泛应用的磁性非晶材料,铁基、钴基、镍基类非晶带材,通过工艺参数的调控,在提高非晶带材磁性的同时快速实现了力学性能的回春。常见的体系及相应的成分范围见下表。需要指出的是,以下实施例为采用表1合金体系得到的实验数据,但不仅限于下述体系。
表1磁性材料体系
各实施例中使用的是5mm*27μm的非晶带材,各实施例、对比例的合金成分、退火条件及回春条件如表2所示。
表2各实施例的退火及回春条件
1.回春样品的表征
(1)将回春后表1中样品进行XRD表征:
通过对回春后各样品的X射线衍射图进行分析,如图2所示,衍射图呈现非晶合金典型的馒头峰,未发现尖锐的晶体衍射峰,说明样品在经过退火、回春的处理后仍保持非晶结构。
(2)平行板弯曲实验:
在室温下进行平行板弯曲实验,测量并记录条带失效时平行板间距df。有失效应变εf=t/(df-t),其中t为条带厚度,记为27μm,规定当df=2t时,即条带能够完全对折时,εf=100%。将淬态样品、弛豫态样品、回春后样品的弯曲失效应变进行对比(表3)。
(3)矫顽力测试:
开路样品直流方法测试得到的磁滞回线计算矫顽力比较不同状态样品下的矫顽力(表3)。
表3
Claims (6)
1.一种提高非晶磁性材料力学性能及磁性能的方法,其特征在于:该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)高温退火处理:将非晶磁性材料在退火温度Ta条件下保温0.5-1.5小时,Ta=(T c -100K)~(T c -70K),T c 为居里温度;
(2)快速加热并保温:将经步骤(1)退火处理后的非晶磁性材料快速加热到温度T并保温5-30s,T低于晶化温度T x ,其中T=(T a +90K)~(T x -70K);
(3)快速冷却:以大于300K/s的速率冷却。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高非晶磁性材料力学性能及磁性能的方法,其特征在于:所述非晶磁性材料为铁基、钴基或镍基非晶合金带材。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提高非晶磁性材料力学性能及磁性能的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述高温退火处理的保温时间为0.6-1.2小时。
4.根据权利要求1所述的提高非晶磁性材料力学性能及磁性能的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,加速到温度T过程的加热速率为50K/s。
5.根据权利要求1所述的提高非晶磁性材料力学性能及磁性能的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,保温时间为8-30s。
6.根据权利要求1所述的提高非晶磁性材料力学性能及磁性能的方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,冷却方式为冰水快速淬火或其他可使样品快速降温的方式。
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