CN115196974A - Heat exchange structure based on variable-period minimum curved surface, heat exchanger and manufacturing method - Google Patents
Heat exchange structure based on variable-period minimum curved surface, heat exchanger and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/584—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
- B22F3/227—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by organic binder assisted extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
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- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat exchange structure based on a variable-period minimum curved surface, a heat exchanger and a manufacturing method, and belongs to the field of aerospace power equipment and functional composite materials. In the aspect of the structure, this application heat transfer structure includes isolated each other, and is crisscross cold fluid runner and hot-fluid runner in three-dimensional space, the inner structure of cold fluid runner and hot-fluid runner is the minimum curved surface structure of variable cycle, and this heat transfer structure's pressure loss is little and heat exchange efficiency is high. In the aspect of materials, an interface gradual change material is developed to form an interface gradual change composite structure, the components of the interface gradual change composite structure are gradually changed on the contact surface between different materials, the interface gradual change composite structure has good strength, toughness and corrosion resistance, can bear high cycle hot hardness, can reduce or eliminate uneven expansion stress caused by temperature difference, and can prolong the service life of the heat exchanger.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aerospace power equipment and functional composite materials, and particularly relates to a heat exchange structure based on a variable-period minimum curved surface, a heat exchanger and a manufacturing method.
Background
The aircraft engine heat management system is responsible for heat distribution among all parts and systems of the engine, the heat exchanger is used as a core element in the aircraft engine heat management system, and the heat distribution and utilization are directly influenced by the compactness and the flowing heat exchange characteristic of the heat exchanger. For example, the heat exchanger is widely applied to a cooling air system, an indirect cooling heat recovery system, an aerospace precooling system and the like in a heat management system of an aeroengine at home and abroad at present, the design of the compact and efficient heat exchanger becomes a key technology in the design of the heat management system of the aeroengine.
The ideal heat exchanger design should have both high heat exchange efficiency and low pressure loss, i.e., the minimum pressure drop should be sacrificed to achieve the improvement of cooling efficiency. The traditional shell-and-tube heat exchanger adopts a common arched baffle plate and a smooth pipe as heat transfer elements, has small heat exchange area, and has no self-supporting/mutual supporting capacity due to the structure, and the wall surface of the traditional shell-and-tube heat exchanger is always thicker under the condition of meeting the temperature, pressure service conditions and other mechanical performance requirements, so that the problems of large heat exchange thermal resistance of the heat exchange wall surface, low heat exchange efficiency, large volume and quality and the like exist in the heat exchanger. The plate heat exchanger or the fin heat exchanger has a large specific surface area, but the plate heat exchanger or the fin heat exchanger has limited pressure bearing capacity due to a large number of welding modes such as brazing, and has dead flow zones, corrosion and leakage hidden troubles due to a large number of vertical welding structures. Therefore, how to strengthen heat transfer through design optimization, improve the flow uniformity of fluid in the heat exchanger, reduce the heat transfer resistance of the fluid so as to improve the total heat transfer coefficient, and finally balance the heat exchange effect and the on-way pressure loss of compressed hot air is the key for developing a new generation of high-efficiency heat exchanger technology.
In addition, in the aspect of material design, the service working condition of the heat exchanger is complex, for example, in the supersonic speed field, the stagnation temperature of air reaches thousands of degrees centigrade and exceeds the normal service temperature of a conventional metal material, and furthermore, tiny particles floating in the air and the like may abrade the surface of the material, so that the requirements on the service temperature, the corrosion resistance and the like of the material are high. Meanwhile, one side of the wall surface of the heat exchanger is in contact with a high-temperature medium, the other side of the wall surface of the heat exchanger is in contact with a low-temperature medium, the temperature difference between the two sides reaches thousands of degrees centigrade under the limit condition, and the uneven expansion stress caused by the temperature difference is one of the main reasons for the failure of the heat exchanger, so that the strength and the toughness of the material of the heat exchanger need to be improved to bear high circulating thermal stress.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a heat exchange structure based on a variable-period minimum curved surface, a heat exchanger and a manufacturing method, and particularly relates to a heat exchange structure based on a variable-period minimum curved surface, a construction method of the heat exchange structure based on the variable-period minimum curved surface, a computer-readable storage medium, a heat exchanger, an interface gradual-change composite structure and a manufacturing method of the heat exchange structure.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a heat exchange structure based on a minimum variable-period curved surface, where the heat exchange structure includes a cold fluid flow channel and a hot fluid flow channel that are isolated from each other;
the internal structures of the cold fluid flow channel and the hot fluid flow channel are variable-period minimum curved surface structures.
In one possible embodiment, the average curvature of each point of the internal structure of the cold and hot fluid flow passages is zero;
and/or the cold fluid flow channel and the hot fluid flow channel are mutually staggered in a three-dimensional space;
and/or the cross-sectional areas of the cold fluid flow passages at all positions are not completely the same; and/or the cross-sectional area of each position of the hot fluid flow channel is not completely the same;
and/or the wall thickness of the runner at each position of the cold fluid runner is not completely the same; and/or the wall thickness of the flow channel at each position of the hot fluid flow channel is not identical.
In one possible embodiment, the walls of the cold fluid flow channel and the hot fluid flow channel are made of an interface gradient composite material. The composite material comprises silicon nitride ceramic paste, metal titanium paste or titanium alloy paste and metal molybdenum paste or molybdenum alloy paste with chemical components mutually diffused. The chemical component interdiffusion is obtained by adopting materials laminated on multiple layers through a heat treatment mode.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for constructing a heat exchange structure based on a minimum variable-period curved surface, which can be applied to design the heat exchange structure according to the above embodiment, where the method includes the following steps:
1) Obtaining an initial heat exchange model by adopting modeling software (the lattice structure of the minimum curved surface structure is selected from one or more of Gyroid, schwarz, splitp, lidinoid, I-WP, scherk's, skelet and Neovius);
2) And (3) introducing the initial heat exchange model into fluid technical software, and performing initial calculation according to working conditions: acquiring fluid state data of each position of an application area of a heat exchange structure, wherein the fluid state data at least comprises pressure, temperature, speed and mass flow;
3) Adjusting wall surfaces of all parts of the heat exchange structure according to the pressure required to be born by different areas so as to ensure the uniformity of stress of all parts;
4) Adjusting the cross sectional area of each part of the heat exchange structure according to the pressure, the temperature, the speed and the mass flow;
5) And repeating the steps 2), 3) and 4) to construct a heat exchange structure based on the minimum variable-period curved surface.
The third aspect of the invention provides a heat exchanger, which adopts the heat exchange structure based on the minimum variable-period curved surface in the above embodiment; and/or the heat exchange structure constructed by the construction method based on the variable-period minimum curved surface.
The fourth aspect of the present invention provides an interface gradual change composite structure, which is used as a flow channel wall and applied to the heat exchange structure described in the above embodiments, wherein the composite structure includes a first layer and a second layer located on one side or both sides of the first layer, the first layer and the second layer are made of different materials and are respectively a ceramic layer or a metal layer, and the contact interface between the first layer) and the second layer (302) is gradually changed, and the transition mode is physical diffusion of chemical components.
In a possible embodiment, the composite structure further comprises a transition layer, the transition layer is located between the first layer and the second layer, and the contact interfaces of the transition layer and the first layer and/or the transition layer and the second layer are in gradual transition, and the transition mode is physical diffusion of chemical components.
In one possible embodiment, the first layer is made of a silicon nitride ceramic paste;
and/or the second layer is made of metal titanium paste or titanium alloy paste;
and/or the transition layer is made of metal molybdenum paste or molybdenum alloy paste;
and/or the composite structure is manufactured by adopting SLA technology and MPP technology for composite printing.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides an interface gradual change composite material, which is applied to the composite structure of the above embodiments, and includes silicon nitride ceramic paste, metal titanium paste or titanium alloy paste, and metal molybdenum paste or molybdenum alloy paste;
the silicon nitride ceramic paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of silicon nitride powder, 15-25 parts of organic monomer, 1-3 parts of dispersant and 3-6 parts of photoinitiator;
and/or the metal titanium paste or the titanium alloy paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85 to 90 portions of titanium or titanium alloy powder, 5 to 10 portions of organic monomer, 1 to 2 portions of dispersant and 2 to 3 portions of photoinitiator
And/or the metal molybdenum paste or the molybdenum alloy paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90-95 parts of molybdenum or molybdenum alloy powder, 3-6 parts of organic monomer, 1-2 parts of dispersant and 1-2 parts of photoinitiator.
A sixth aspect of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a heat exchange structure, which is used to prepare the heat exchange structure according to the foregoing embodiment and adopts the interface gradual change composite structure according to the foregoing embodiment, and the method includes the following steps:
s1, laying ceramic layer paste on a substrate to form a first ceramic layer and second ceramic layers positioned on two sides of the first ceramic layer;
s2, curing the ceramic paste of the second ceramic layer by adopting an SLA photocuring technology;
s3, removing the ceramic paste of the first ceramic layer;
s4, respectively coating a second layer of paste material and a transition layer of paste material on the first ceramic layer by adopting an MPP technology, or coating a mixture of the second layer of paste material and the transition layer of paste material on the first ceramic layer to finish one-layer printing;
s5, repeating the steps S1-S4 to finish the preparation of the heat exchange structure blank;
s6, sintering and heat treating the heat exchange structure blank, wherein the heat exchange structure with the interface gradual change composite structure wall surface can be generated in the sintering and heat treating process.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The hot fluid flow channel and the cold fluid flow channel of the heat exchange structure adopt a variable-period minimum curved surface structure, and the heat exchange structure is favorable for heat dissipation and good mechanical property by utilizing the excellent characteristics of the minimum curved surface structure, such as high surface area to volume ratio, high strength, high rigidity, full connectivity and the like. The design of the size of crystal lattices in the flow channel, the size of the sectional area of the flow channel and the wall thickness is carried out according to the working conditions of different working areas (namely based on heat exchange and mechanical load), and a minimum curved surface structure with variable period is formed, so that the pressure loss of the heat exchange structure is small and the heat exchange efficiency is high.
2) The interface gradual change composite structure has good strength, toughness and corrosion resistance, and can bear high cycle hot hardness. The heat exchanger is applied to a heat exchange structure or a heat exchanger, so that the uneven expansion stress caused by temperature difference can be reduced or eliminated, and the service life of the heat exchanger is prolonged.
3) The interface gradual change composite structure adopts a formula and a preparation process of proper materials, realizes gradient transition of tissue and mechanical properties at an interface, and effectively relieves stress concentration at the interface.
4) Adopt the vibration material disk to carry out the structure and print, specifically adopt SLA technique and MPP technique complex to print, can satisfy the demand of complicated curved surface structure heat transfer structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a heat exchange structure based on a minimum variable-period curved surface according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange structure of FIG. 1 with the cold fluid passages filled with cold fluid;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a cold fluid channel of the heat exchange structure based on the minimum variable-period curved surface in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a thermal fluid channel of a heat exchange structure based on a minimum variable-period curved surface according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a schematic structural diagram of a complete heat exchanger according to embodiment 3 of the invention;
fig. 5b is a schematic view of the structure of the internal cooling and heating flow passages of the complete heat exchanger according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 5c is a schematic diagram of the internal cold runner structure of the complete heat exchanger according to example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an interface graded composite structure according to example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an interface graded composite structure according to embodiment 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of coating a silicon nitride paste on a substrate in step S1 of example 7 according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure formed by the photo-curing of SLA in step S2 of example 7 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of removing the middle region silicon nitride paste in step S3 according to embodiment 7 of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an interface graded composite structure according to example 8, wherein a) the structure is not heat treated, b) the interface graded structure is heat treated;
reference numbers in the figures:
1. a housing;
100. a cold fluid flow channel;
1001. a cold fluid runner inlet;
1002. a cold fluid runner outlet;
200. a hot fluid flow path;
2001. a hot fluid flow path inlet;
2002. a hot fluid flow passage outlet;
301. a first layer;
302. a second layer;
303. and a transition layer.
300. A ceramic layer;
3001. a first ceramic layer;
3002. a second ceramic layer;
4. a heat exchanger housing;
41. a cold fluid flow channel of the heat exchanger;
42. a hot fluid flow path of the heat exchanger;
43. a cold fluid flow channel inlet of the heat exchanger;
44. a cold fluid flow channel outlet of the heat exchanger;
45. a hot fluid flow channel inlet of the heat exchanger;
46. and the outlet of a hot fluid channel of the heat exchanger.
Detailed Description
The minimum curved surface is a curved surface with all zero average curvatures on each point, and when the minimum curved surface shows a periodic rule in three mutually independent directions, the minimum curved surface is called a three-period minimum curved surface. Common TPMS topological structures are Schwarz Primitive (TPMS-P), schwarz Diamond (TPMS-D), schoen Gyroid (TPMS-G) and Schoen I-WP (TPMS-I-WP). The TPMS structure has the excellent characteristics of high surface area-volume ratio, high strength, high rigidity, full connectivity and the like. Wherein high surface volume ratio and full connectivity are favorable to the heat dissipation of structure, and high strength and rigidity can guarantee that the structure possesses good mechanical properties. Based on the above advantages, the applicant applied the TPMS structure to the heat exchanger. However, the TPMS structure is a periodic array structure (the relative density of each region of the whole structure is the same), the lattice structure and the size are the same in all the regions, and the heat exchange conditions of each region are different in the practical application process, so the applicant aims to develop a heat exchange structure based on a variable-period minimum curved surface by using the excellent characteristics of the three-period minimum curved surface, and adopts a heat exchange core structure based on a variable-period minimum curved surface optimized by CFD iteration.
In addition, in order to meet the use requirement of the heat exchanger, a novel material (structure) is developed, and the novel material can simultaneously meet the requirements of good strength, plasticity and corrosion resistance under high-temperature and low-temperature conditions. In particular, ceramics (such as silicon nitride) generally have high corrosion resistance and service temperature, but the strength and toughness of the ceramics are not high, and the cyclic thermal stress caused by hot and cold end media can cause the cracking and the damage of the ceramics. Metal materials (such as titanium alloys) generally have excellent strength and toughness, but the usable temperature is generally low, and the requirements of the high-performance heat exchanger on the materials under the service load are difficult to meet. Therefore, the wall surface contacting with the fluid medium is made of ceramics with high corrosion resistance and working temperature, and the middle of the two side wall surfaces is made of metal material with excellent strength and toughness, so that the requirements on the use temperature and the corrosion resistance can be met, and the high-toughness steel plate has good toughness. However, due to the large difference between the mechanical properties (including strength and modulus) and the thermal expansion coefficients of metals and ceramics, the metal-ceramic interface joint is prone to inconsistent and discontinuous strain transmission of thermal expansion strains, which can lead to crack failure along the interface. Therefore, a novel interface gradual change composite structure is developed, and particularly, a novel material and a treatment process are also related, so that gradient transition of the tissue and the mechanical property at the interface is realized, the stress concentration at the interface can be effectively relieved, and the metal-ceramic multifunctional gradient material with excellent performance is prepared. In addition, the part with the complex space curved surface and the interface gradual change structure is completed by adopting an additive manufacturing technology. The present invention has been completed on the basis of the above description, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed/sleeved," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The "sectional area" in the present invention means an area of a cross section perpendicular to a direction along which a hot (or cold) fluid flow path extends.
The invention provides a heat exchange structure based on a variable-period minimum curved surface, which comprises a cold fluid flow channel and a hot fluid flow channel which are mutually isolated, wherein the cold fluid flow channel and the hot fluid flow channel are mutually staggered in a three-dimensional space but are not mutually communicated, so that the heat exchange area is increased, and the heat exchange is strengthened.
The internal structures of the cold fluid flow channel and the hot fluid flow channel are variable-period minimum curved surface structures. The variable-period minimum curved surface structure body is characterized in that the internal structures of the cold fluid flow channel and the hot fluid flow channel are gradually changed, and the variable-period minimum curved surface structure body is characterized in that: 1) The inlet of the cold fluid flow passage (or hot fluid flow passage) and the outlet of the cold fluid flow passage (or hot fluid flow passage) have different curvatures. And/or, 2) the cross-sectional area of the inlet to the outlet is gradually changed for the same fluid flow channel. And/or, 3) the wall thickness of the flow channel of the minimum curved surface structure in the heat exchanger is gradually changed, and the change condition can be obtained by introducing pressure data into design software according to the calculation result of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and thickening the wall surface of a part with high pressure. If the heat exchange carrier in the heat exchange structure adopts gas, the absolute pressure of the gas will rise, and if a certain degree is reached, the gas flow blocking phenomenon may be generated, so that the gas flow circulation is not smooth, the flow velocity is reduced, the heat exchange efficiency is reduced, the pressure loss is increased, and the heat exchange structure is constructed according to the gas flowing state, so that the problems can be avoided. The mechanical properties of the TPMS structure are also highly related to the lattice structure and size and wall thickness, and in the air cooler, the load applied to each region is not necessarily the same, so the lattice structure and size and wall thickness of each region are constructed according to the different load applied to each region.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for constructing a heat exchange structure based on a minimum variable-period curved surface, which can be applied to design the heat exchange structure according to the above embodiment, and the method comprises the following steps: 1) Obtaining an initial heat exchange model (the initial model comprises a minimum periodic structure of a fluid region, an initial wall thickness and an initial runner section size) by adopting modeling software; 2) And (3) introducing the initial heat exchange model into fluid technical software, and performing initial calculation according to working conditions: acquiring fluid state data of each position of an application area of the heat exchange structure, wherein the fluid state data at least comprises pressure, temperature, speed and mass flow; 3) Adjusting wall surfaces of all parts of the heat exchange structure according to the pressure required to be born by different areas so as to ensure the uniformity of stress of all parts; 4) Adjusting the cross sectional area of each part of the heat exchange structure according to the pressure, the temperature, the speed and the mass flow; 5) And repeating the steps 2), 3) and 4) to construct a heat exchange structure based on the minimum variable-period curved surface.
The more specific steps include: 1) Determining the basic size of the part outline and the flow direction according to the technical standard; 2) Setting the thickness of the initial wall surface in parametric modeling software (such as ntology); determining a fluid region filling period minimum camber structure (the lattice structure of the minimum camber is selected from one of Gyroid, schwarz, splitp, lidinoid, I-WP, scherk's, skeletal and Neovius); the minimum curved surface structure and the shell form an integral structure to divide a cold fluid domain (cold fluid runner) and a hot fluid domain (hot fluid runner) to obtain an initial heat exchange model; 3) Introducing the initial heat exchange model into fluid calculation software (such as fluent), and performing initial calculation according to given working conditions to obtain fluid state data applied to the heat exchange part, wherein the fluid state data at least comprises pressure, temperature, speed, mass flow and the like; 4) And (2) introducing the fluid state data into a parametric modeling software (such as orthopology), and thickening the wall surface with larger pressure by taking the pressure borne by the wall surface as a reference, wherein the thickening direction is that the two sides of a cold and hot fluid domain are uniformly thickened, so that the stress at each part of the wall surface is basically the same. 5) According to the pressure, the temperature, the speed and the mass flow, the size of the cross sectional area of each part of the heat exchange structure is adjusted, namely the cross sectional area of each part is adjusted according to the actual parameters of the working condition. For example: assuming that the fluid is gas, step 5) is to control the flow rate of the fluid as much as possible, based on the data of the introduced pressure, temperature, speed, mass flow and the like, and without changing the static pressure at each position, as can be seen from the gas state equation V = nRT/P, when the temperature T increases, the volume V of the fluid increases, which is embodied in that the flow rate of the gas increases and the increase in speed generates a larger pressure loss, assuming that the cross-sectional area does not change. The required change in the cross-sectional area of the cold fluid zone can be determined by heating the fluid from the inlet to the outlet of the cold fluid zone and determining the rate of change in the temperature in the direction of flow as the rate of increase in the cross-sectional area of the cold fluid in the direction of flow. The change of the heat flow area in the flow direction can be obtained in the same way. Based on the cross-sectional variation obtained above, the wall surface in step 4) is appropriately offset, and a variable cross-sectional structure can be obtained. 6) Repeating the steps 3), 4) and 5) on the obtained structure and the cold and hot fluid domain, and obtaining the final geometric structure when parameters such as pressure loss, heat exchange coefficient and the like meet the requirements.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the program is executed by a processor of a computer to implement the above construction method for a heat exchange structure based on a minimum curved surface with variable period.
The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a heat exchanger, which can adopt the heat exchange structure based on the minimum variable-period curved surface described in the above embodiment, and the wall thickness of the heat exchanger can be designed as required, and can be selected from 0.2 to 5mm or 0.5 to 2mm.
The invention provides an interface gradual change composite structure, which comprises a first layer and a second layer positioned on one side or two sides of the first layer, wherein the first layer and the second layer are made of different materials and are respectively a ceramic layer or a metal layer, and the contact interfaces of the first layer and the second layer are gradually changed. The contact interface gradual transition is, for example: the intermediate ceramic layer is in contact with the metal layer, the components of the contact interface of the intermediate ceramic layer and the metal layer are mutually crossed to form a gradual change structure, generally, the transitional gradual change is obtained in a physical mode, and the intermediate ceramic layer and the metal layer are obtained through physical diffusion of chemical components in a heat treatment process. Specifically, for example, after the heat treatment process, the metal atoms or ions will partially diffuse toward the ceramic layer, and this gradually-changed structure can significantly reduce the interfacial cracking behavior caused by the difference in material properties, enhance the material properties, and prolong the service life of the material.
Specifically, the interface gradual change composite structure at least comprises a ceramic/metal composite material, wherein the structure comprises a ceramic/metal or metal/ceramic unidirectional structure and also comprises a ceramic/metal/ceramic or metal/ceramic/metal symmetrical structure. Specifically, the intermediate ceramic layer is made of silicon nitride ceramic paste, the metal layer is made of metal titanium paste or titanium alloy paste, and the transition layer is made of metal molybdenum paste or molybdenum alloy paste;
the metal titanium or titanium alloy is selected as the metal layer, has good obdurability and higher specific strength, the use temperature can reach more than 600 ℃, and simultaneously has good oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, and the metal titanium or titanium alloy is used as the material of the middle main body structure in the symmetrical structure and as the metal surface material in the unidirectional structure.
Additionally, the composite structure further includes a transition layer positioned between the first layer and the second layer. The contact interfaces of the transition layer and the first layer and/or the transition layer and the second layer are in gradual transition. The transition layer has an important role: for example, when silicon nitride ceramics and metal are used as the first layer and the second layer, the thermal expansion coefficient between the silicon nitride and the metal is greatly different, which causes great discontinuous strain at the interface and reduces the service life of the heat exchanger. For example, there is a large difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of silicon nitride and titanium alloy, which are 3.0 × 10 -6 K and 8.4X 10 -6 the/K can cause larger discontinuous strain at the interface and reduce the service life of the heat exchanger, molybdenum (Mo) is added between silicon nitride and titanium alloy as an intermediate transition layer to prepare Si 3 N 4 -Mo-Ti layered multifunctional gradient material. Because 1) the thermal expansion coefficient of Mo is 4.8X 10 -6 the/K is between the silicon nitride and the titanium alloy, and can effectively relieve the discontinuous strain at the interface caused by the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials; 2) Mo has higher solid solubility in Ti, does not form harmful brittle phases, realizes component gradient at the interface through mutual diffusion of Ti and Mo at the interface, and simultaneously, mo element gradient can influence phase change of Ti alloy (Mo is a beta phase stable element in the titanium alloy) to obtain microstructure gradient at the interface. Both of these factors can significantly reduce the interfacial cracking behavior of ceramics and metals due to differences in properties. In addition, a small amount of nitrogen element is diffused into the Ti-Mo solid solution to induce the Ti-Mo solid solution to generate nano-scale twin crystals and martensite phase in the cyclic heating-cooling process, so that strain self-coordination is generated between the Ti alloy and the silicon carbide, and the interfacial cracking tendency can be further reduced.
In some embodiments of the invention, the first layer is made of a silicon nitride ceramic paste; and/or the second layer is made of metal titanium paste or titanium alloy paste; the transition layer is made of metal molybdenum paste or molybdenum alloy paste; the composite structure is manufactured by compositely printing according to an SLA technology and an MPP technology.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the silicon nitride ceramic paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of silicon nitride powder, 15-25 parts of organic monomer, 1-3 parts of dispersant and 3-6 parts of photoinitiator;
the metal titanium paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85-90 parts of titanium powder, 5-10 parts of organic monomer, 1-2 parts of dispersant and 2-3 parts of photoinitiator; or the titanium alloy material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85-90 parts of titanium or titanium alloy powder, 5-10 parts of organic monomer, 1-2 parts of dispersant and 2-3 parts of photoinitiator;
the metal molybdenum paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90-95 parts of molybdenum powder, 3-6 parts of organic monomer, 1-2 parts of dispersant and 1-2 parts of photoinitiator; or the molybdenum alloy paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90-95 parts of molybdenum alloy powder, 3-6 parts of organic monomer, 1-2 parts of dispersant and 1-2 parts of photoinitiator.
The invention provides an interface gradual change composite material, which comprises silicon nitride ceramic paste, metal titanium paste or titanium alloy paste and metal molybdenum paste or molybdenum alloy paste; the silicon nitride ceramic paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of silicon nitride powder, 15-25 parts of organic monomer, 1-3 parts of dispersant and 3-6 parts of photoinitiator; wherein the organic monomer is selected from one of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate and propoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate; the dispersant is selected from one of stearic acid, a silane coupling agent KH560 and a silane coupling agent KH 570; the photoinitiator is selected from one of photoinitiator TPO, photoinitiator 651 and photoinitiator 184; the preparation process comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the raw material components into a homogenizer, setting the rotating speed to be 1500 rpm, and processing for 360 seconds to obtain the silicon nitride paste.
The metal titanium paste or the titanium alloy paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85-90 parts of titanium or titanium alloy powder, 5-10 parts of organic monomer, 1-2 parts of dispersant and 2-3 parts of photoinitiator. Wherein the organic monomer is selected from one of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate and propoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate. The dispersing agent is selected from one of a silane coupling agent KH560 and a silane coupling agent KH 570; the photoinitiator is selected from one of a photoinitiator 651 and a photoinitiator 184; the preparation process comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the raw material components into a homogenizer at the rotation speed of 1800 rpm, and processing for 240s to obtain the Ti paste.
The metal molybdenum paste or the molybdenum alloy paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90-95 parts of molybdenum or molybdenum alloy powder, 3-6 parts of organic monomer, 1-2 parts of dispersant and 1-2 parts of photoinitiator. Wherein, the organic monomer is selected from one of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate and propoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate; the dispersing agent is selected from one of a silane coupling agent KH560 and a silane coupling agent KH 570; the photoinitiator is selected from one of a photoinitiator 651 and a photoinitiator 184; the preparation process comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the raw material components into a homogenizer at the rotation speed of 1800 rpm, and processing for 240s to obtain the Mo paste.
Further, when low strength is required, the silicon nitride powder comprises 70-73 parts of Mo powder and 90-92 parts of silicon nitride powder; 85-87 parts of Mo powder; when the strength is required, the silicon nitride powder comprises 74-77 parts of Mo powder and 92-94 parts of silicon nitride powder; 87-88 parts of Mo powder; when high strength is required, the silicon nitride powder comprises 78-90 parts of silicon nitride powder and 93-95 parts of Mo powder; 89-90 parts of Mo powder.
A seventh aspect of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a heat exchange structure, including the steps of: laying ceramic layer paste on a substrate to form a first ceramic layer and a second ceramic layer positioned on one side or two sides of the first ceramic layer; curing the ceramic paste of the second ceramic layer (namely the first layer) by adopting an SLA photocuring technology; removing the ceramic paste of the first ceramic layer; respectively coating a second layer of paste and a transition layer of paste on the first ceramic layer by adopting an MPP technology, or coating a mixture of a metal layer of paste and a transition layer of paste on the first ceramic layer to finish one layer of printing; repeating the steps to complete the preparation of the heat exchange structure blank; and sintering and heat treating the heat exchange structure blank to form the heat exchange structure with gradually changed interface.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, based on the heat exchange structure with the minimum variable-period curved surface, as shown in fig. 1, the heat exchange structure is directly formed inside the housing 1, and includes a cold fluid flow channel 100 and a hot fluid flow channel 200 which are isolated from each other. The cold fluid flow channel 100 and the hot fluid flow channel 200 are divided into two independent fluid channels (fluid channels are also called as fluid domains) in a three-dimensional space region formed by the housing 1, the two fluid channels respectively flow different fluids, the different fluids are specifically defined as the same working medium with different physical quantities such as two different temperatures, pressures, speeds and the like, or/and two different working media, and the average curvature of each point of the internal structures of the cold fluid flow channel 100 and the hot fluid flow channel 200 is zero.
Fig. 2 shows the housing 1 and the cold fluid flow channel 100 (the inside of the flow channel is schematically filled with cold fluid), wherein the cold fluid flow channel 100 is separately listed as shown in fig. 3, the hot fluid flow channel 200 is separately listed as shown in fig. 4, the cold fluid flow channel 100 and the hot fluid flow channel 200 are staggered with each other in a three-dimensional space and are separated from each other by an internal minimum curved surface structure, heat of the hot fluid is transferred to the cold fluid through the internal minimum curved surface structure of the heat exchanger, so as to achieve a reduction in temperature of the hot fluid and an increase in temperature of the cold fluid, and the huge surface area provided by the staggered arrangement in the three-dimensional space can enhance heat exchange.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the cross-sectional area (the area of the cross-section perpendicular to the extending direction of the hot (or cold) fluid flow channel) of each position of the cold fluid flow channel 100 is not completely the same, and the cross-sectional area of each position of the hot fluid flow channel 200 is not completely the same, in this embodiment, the square cross-sectional size of the fluid field is 50mm × 50mm, the cross-sectional areas of the inlets of the cold fluid flow channel 100 and the hot fluid flow channel 200 are about 2150 square millimeters, and the cross-sectional areas of the outlets of the cold fluid flow channel 100 and the hot fluid flow channel 200 are about 225 square millimeters.
As shown in fig. 2, the cold fluid inlet 1001 and the cold fluid outlet 1002 of the cold fluid channel 100 have different curvatures, and the hot fluid inlet 2001 and the hot fluid outlet 2002 of the hot fluid channel 200 have different curvatures. In addition, the sectional area of the same fluid flow channel from the inlet to the outlet is gradually changed, wherein the sectional area of the flow channel from the cold fluid flow channel inlet 1001 to the cold fluid flow channel outlet 1002 of the cold fluid flow channel 100 is gradually increased, and the sectional area of the flow channel from the hot fluid flow channel inlet 2001 to the hot fluid flow channel outlet 2002 of the hot fluid flow channel 200 is gradually decreased.
In addition, the wall thickness of the cold Fluid channel 100 at each position is not completely the same, and the wall thickness of the hot Fluid channel at each position is not completely the same, and the variation can be calculated according to the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), and the pressure data is introduced into the design software, so as to thicken the wall surface of the part with high pressure. In this embodiment, the wall thickness of the cold fluid flow channel 100 and the hot fluid flow channel 200 at the inlet is 1mm.
Example 2
The construction method of the heat exchange structure based on the variable-period minimum curved surface adopts the CFD iteration technology design and comprises the following steps:
1) The basic dimensions of the external shape of the part are determined according to the given technical criteria, and the present example is illustrated with a rectangular parallelepiped fluid field of 100mm x 50mm, where 100mm is the direction of flow and 50mm x 50mm is the cross section. 2) In parameterized modeling software ntology, a periodic minimum curved surface structure with the initial wall thickness of 0.8mm and the filling size of a fluid area of 10mm is set; the integral structure formed by the minimum curved surface structure and the shell divides the fluid domain into a cold fluid domain and a hot fluid domain to obtain an initial heat exchange model. 3) Introducing the initial heat exchange model into fluid calculation software, such as fluent, and performing initial calculation according to a given working condition to obtain fluid state data (taking gas as a heat exchange medium for example) of each position of a heat exchange structure application area, wherein the gas state data at least comprises pressure, temperature, speed, mass flow and the like; 4) And (3) importing the gas state data into the ntology software, and thickening the wall surface with larger pressure by taking the pressure borne by the wall surface as a reference, wherein the thickening direction is that the two sides of the cold and hot fluid area are uniformly thickened, and finally, the stress of each part of the wall surface is basically the same. 5) From the data of the pressure, temperature, speed, mass flow rate, etc. introduced, it is known from the gas state equation V = nRT/P that the fluid volume V will increase when the temperature T increases, in particular, assuming that the cross-sectional area is constant, the flow speed of the gas will increase, and the increase in speed will generate a greater pressure loss, so it is necessary to control the flow speed of the fluid as much as possible. The required change in the cross-sectional area of the cold fluid zone can be determined by heating the fluid from the inlet to the outlet of the cold fluid zone and determining the rate of change in the temperature in the direction of flow as the rate of increase in the cross-sectional area of the cold fluid in the direction of flow. The change of the heat flow area in the flow direction can be obtained in the same way. Based on the cross-sectional variation obtained above, the wall surface in step 4) is appropriately offset, and a variable cross-sectional structure can be obtained. 6) Repeating the steps 3, 4 and 5 on the obtained structure and the cold and hot fluid domain, and obtaining the final geometric structure when the concerned parameters such as pressure loss, heat exchange coefficient and the like meet the requirements. 7) In this example, the wall thickness in the inlet and outlet regions is 1mm, the inlet cross-sectional area is about 2150 square millimeters, and the outlet cross-sectional area is about 225 square millimeters.
Example 3
A heat exchanger adopts the heat exchange structure based on the variable-period minimum curved surface in embodiment 1, and adopts a closed structure as a shell, and comprises a heat exchanger shell 41 and a heat exchange structure arranged in the heat exchanger shell or directly formed by the interior of the heat exchanger shell, a cold fluid runner inlet 43 of the heat exchanger and a cold fluid runner outlet 44 of the heat exchanger are respectively communicated with a cold fluid runner inlet 1001 and a cold fluid runner outlet 1002 in embodiment 1, and a hot fluid runner inlet 45 of the heat exchanger and a hot fluid runner outlet 46 of the heat exchanger are respectively communicated with a hot fluid runner inlet 2001 and a hot fluid runner outlet 2002 in embodiment 1. Embodiment 1 provides a novel heat exchange structure based on a variable-period minimum curved surface, which mainly embodies an internal curved surface structure; in this embodiment, a closed housing is adopted on the basis of embodiment 1, and a plurality of inlets/outlets which are communicated with each other in embodiment 1 are unified into one inlet/outlet, so as to form a common heat exchanger structure, thereby facilitating connection with other pipelines.
Example 4
An interface gradual change composite structure is specifically a ceramic/metal one-way structure, as shown in fig. 6, the composite structure includes a first layer 301 (silicon nitride ceramic layer), a transition layer 303 (molybdenum metal layer) in surface contact with the first layer 201, and a second layer 302 (titanium metal layer) in surface contact with the transition layer 303, the composite structure is printed and manufactured by adopting the MPP technology, and the contact interface physical modes of the first layer 301 and the second layer 302 are gradually changed and transited.
Example 5
The preparation method of the heat exchange structure comprising the interface gradual change composite structure of the embodiment 4 comprises the following steps:
MPP silicon nitride cream material, MPP molybdenum cream material, MPP titanium cream material are provided respectively by MPP silicon nitride cream material shower nozzle, MPP molybdenum cream material, MPP titanium cream material respectively, and the successive layer is printed and is manufactured heat transfer structure idiosome structure. After the heat exchange structure blank structure is printed, certain post-processing is required.
The post-treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: after printing, the uncured paste on the surface of the green body was removed using absolute ethanol.
And (3) putting the green body into a degreasing furnace, introducing nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the flow rate is 0.5-1L/min, the heating rate is 0.1-0.3 ℃/min, the highest temperature is 800 ℃, and the green body is subjected to heat preservation for 60min at 450 ℃ and 800 ℃ respectively to finish green body degreasing.
And (3) putting the degreased green body into a hot pressing furnace, introducing argon, raising the temperature to 1700 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, naturally cooling to obtain a compact green body with a heat exchange structure, and performing the treatment to form element diffusion and component gradient at the interface. And finally, polishing the wall surface according to specific requirements, so that the fluid pressure drop caused by the rough inner wall in use is reduced.
Example 6
An interface gradient composite structure (made of interface gradient composite material), specifically a ceramic/metal/ceramic symmetrical structure, as shown in fig. 7, a first layer 301 (metal titanium layer), two transition layers 303 (molybdenum metal layers) are respectively disposed on two sides of the first layer 301 and respectively in surface contact with the first layer 301, and two second layers 302 (silicon nitride ceramic layers) are respectively in surface contact with the transition layers 303. The preparation is completed by adopting SLA (Stereo lithography Apparatus) and MPP (Metal Paste Printing) composite Printing technology, and the components of the contact surface of the layers are gradually changed and transited.
Example 7
The preparation method of the heat exchange structure comprising the interface gradual change composite structure of embodiment 6 comprises the following steps:
the processes are sequentially shown in fig. 7 to fig. 10, and the purpose of adopting the SLA and MPP composite printing technology is that the wall surface of the SLA subjected to photocuring is smooth, and the post-treatment process and cost of parts can be reduced. In the MPP printing technique, when the metal paste is further formed into a filament structure, an FDM (Fused Deposition modeling) process may be used instead. Comprises the following steps
S1, as shown in FIG. 8, a silicon nitride paste is uniformly spread on the substrate to form a silicon nitride ceramic layer 300.
S2, as shown in fig. 9, the silicon nitride paste on both sides is cured by SLA light curing to form the second ceramic layer 3002, and the silicon nitride paste in the middle region is left as it is to form the first ceramic layer 3001.
S3, as shown in fig. 10, the silicon nitride paste of the first ceramic layer 3001 in the step S2 is removed, and the removing method includes, but is not limited to, high-pressure gas purging.
And S4, as shown in the figure 7, filling the molybdenum paste and the metal titanium paste into the area of the first ceramic layer 3001 blown away in the step S3 by using a molybdenum paste nozzle and a metal titanium paste nozzle by adopting an MPP technology, and finishing the manufacturing of the layer.
And repeating the steps from S1 to S4 until the printing of the heat exchanger blank is finished.
The post-treatment process comprises the following specific steps: after printing, the uncured paste on the surface of the green body was removed using absolute ethanol.
Putting the green body into a degreasing furnace, introducing nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the flow rate is 0.5-1L/min, the heating rate is 0.1-0.3 ℃/min, the highest temperature is 800 ℃, and the green body is subjected to heat preservation for 60min at 450 ℃ and 800 ℃ respectively, so that green body degreasing is completed.
And (3) putting the degreased green body into a hot pressing furnace, introducing argon, heating to 1700 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, naturally cooling to obtain a compact green body with a heat exchange structure, and performing the treatment to form element diffusion and component gradient at the interface. And finally, polishing the wall surface according to specific requirements, so that the fluid pressure drop caused by the rough inner wall in use is reduced.
Example 8
The manner of forming the gradient layer in the interface gradient composite structure described in embodiments 4 and 6 relates to an interface gradient composite material, where the interface gradient material is a composite material, specifically, the components of the interface gradient material are gradually changed on the contact surface between different materials, and the gradient structure can significantly reduce the interfacial cracking behavior caused by the difference in material properties, enhance the material properties, and prolong the service life of the material.
Taking the composite structure described in example 6 as an example:
the composite material comprises silicon nitride ceramic paste, metal titanium paste and metal molybdenum paste with chemical components mutually diffused.
Wherein the silicon nitride ceramic paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of silicon nitride powder, 15 parts of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 1.5 parts of a silane coupling agent KH560 and 3.5 parts of a photoinitiator TPO. And (3) putting the raw material components into a homogenizer, setting the rotating speed to be 1500 rpm, and processing for 360s to obtain the silicon nitride paste.
The metal titanium paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85 parts of titanium powder, 5 parts of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 1 part of a silane coupling agent KH560 and 2 parts of a photoinitiator 651. And (3) putting the raw material components into a homogenizer at the rotation speed of 1800 rpm, and processing for 240s to obtain the titanium paste.
The metal molybdenum paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90 parts of molybdenum powder, 3 parts of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 1 part of a silane coupling agent KH560 and 1 part of a photoinitiator 651. And (3) putting the raw material components into a homogenizer at the rotation speed of 1800 rpm, and processing for 240s to obtain the molybdenum paste.
The composite structure shown in fig. 11a is formed by applying the above formula in layers in combination with SLA photocuring technology, MPP technology, etc., and then heat treatment is performed to obtain an interface graded structure formed by the interface graded material shown in fig. 11b, wherein the heat treatment may be performed in the same manner as in example 7.
Example 9
The difference from example 8 is that the composition of the composite is different:
wherein the silicon nitride ceramic paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of silicon nitride powder, 20 parts of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 2 parts of a silane coupling agent KH560 and 4 parts of a photoinitiator TPO. And (3) putting the raw material components into a homogenizer, setting the rotating speed to be 1500 rpm, and processing for 360 seconds to obtain the silicon nitride paste.
The metal titanium paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 87 parts of titanium powder, 6 parts of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 1.5 parts of a silane coupling agent KH560 and 2.5 parts of a photoinitiator 651. And (3) putting the raw material components into a homogenizer at the rotation speed of 1800 rpm, and processing for 240s to obtain the titanium paste.
The metal molybdenum paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 93 parts of molybdenum powder, 4 parts of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 1.5 parts of a silane coupling agent KH560 and 1.5 parts of a photoinitiator 651. And (3) putting the raw material components into a homogenizer at the rotation speed of 1800 rpm, and processing for 240s to obtain the molybdenum paste.
Example 10
The difference from example 8 is that the composition of the composite is different:
the silicon nitride ceramic paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of silicon nitride powder, 22 parts of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 3 parts of a silane coupling agent KH560 and 6 parts of a photoinitiator TPO. And (3) putting the raw material components into a homogenizer, setting the rotating speed to be 1500 rpm, and processing for 360s to obtain the silicon nitride paste.
The metal titanium paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 89 parts of titanium powder, 6 parts of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 2 parts of a silane coupling agent KH560 and 2 parts of a photoinitiator 651 and 3 parts of a photoinitiator. And (3) putting the raw material components into a homogenizer at the rotation speed of 1800 rpm, and processing for 240s to obtain the titanium paste.
The metal molybdenum paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 95 parts of molybdenum powder, 6 parts of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 2 parts of a silane coupling agent KH560 and 2 parts of a photoinitiator 651 and 2 parts of a photoinitiator. And (3) putting the raw material components into a homogenizer at the rotation speed of 1800 rpm, and processing for 240s to obtain the molybdenum paste.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A heat exchange structure based on a variable-period minimum curved surface is characterized by comprising a cold fluid flow channel (100) and a hot fluid flow channel (200) which are isolated from each other;
the internal structures of the cold fluid flow channel (100) and the hot fluid flow channel (200) are variable-period minimum curved surface structures.
2. The minimum-cycle-variable heat exchange structure according to claim 1, wherein the average curvature of each point of the internal structure of the cold fluid flow passage (100) and the hot fluid flow passage (200) is zero;
and/or the cold fluid flow channel (100) and the hot fluid flow channel (200) are mutually staggered in a three-dimensional space;
and/or the cross-sectional area of each position of the cold fluid runner (100) is not completely the same; and/or the cross-sectional area of each position of the hot fluid flow channel (200) is not identical;
and/or the wall thickness of the runner at each position of the cold fluid runner (100) is not completely the same; and/or the wall thickness of the flow channel at each position of the hot fluid flow channel is not completely the same;
and/or the wall surfaces of the cold fluid flow channel (100) and the hot fluid flow channel (200) are of a composite structure with gradually changed interfaces.
3. A construction method of a heat exchange structure based on a variable-period minimum curved surface comprises the following steps:
1) Obtaining an initial heat exchange model by adopting modeling software;
2) And (3) introducing the initial heat exchange model into fluid technical software, and performing initial calculation according to working conditions: acquiring fluid state data of each position of an application area of the heat exchange structure, wherein the fluid state data at least comprises pressure, temperature, speed and mass flow;
3) According to the pressure data of each position, adjusting wall surfaces of each position of the heat exchange structure to ensure the uniformity of stress of each position;
4) Adjusting the size of each cross-sectional area of the heat exchange structure according to the pressure, temperature, speed and mass flow data of each position;
5) And repeating the steps 2), 3) and 4) to construct a heat exchange structure based on the minimum variable-period curved surface.
4. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, wherein the program, when executed by a computer, implements the method for constructing a heat exchange structure based on a variable-period minimum curved surface according to claim 3.
5. A heat exchanger comprising the heat exchange structure based on a variable-period minimum curved surface as set forth in claim 1 or 2.
6. An interface graded composite structure, characterized in that the composite structure comprises a first layer (301) and a second layer (302) on one or both sides of the first layer (301), the first layer (301) and the second layer (302) being of different materials, and the first layer (301) and the second layer (302) having a graded transition in the contact interface;
preferably, the material of the first layer (301) and the second layer is a ceramic layer or a metal layer.
7. The interfacially graded composite structure of claim 6, further comprising a transition layer (303), wherein the transition layer (303) is positioned between the first layer (301) and the second layer (302), and wherein contact interfaces of the transition layer (303) and the first layer (301) and/or the transition layer (303) and the second layer (302) are graded.
8. The interface graded composite structure according to claim 7, characterized in that said first layer (301) is made of a silicon nitride ceramic paste;
and/or the second layer (302) is made of metal titanium paste or titanium alloy paste;
and/or the transition layer (303) is made of metal molybdenum paste or molybdenum alloy paste;
and/or the composite structure is manufactured by adopting SLA technology and MPP technology composite printing.
9. The interface graded composite structure according to claim 8, wherein the silicon nitride ceramic paste comprises, in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of silicon nitride powder, 15-25 parts of organic monomer, 1-3 parts of dispersant and 3-6 parts of photoinitiator;
the metal titanium paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85-90 parts of titanium powder, 5-10 parts of organic monomer, 1-2 parts of dispersant and 2-3 parts of photoinitiator; or the titanium alloy material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85-90 parts of titanium or titanium alloy powder, 5-10 parts of organic monomer, 1-2 parts of dispersant and 2-3 parts of photoinitiator;
the metal molybdenum paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90-95 parts of molybdenum powder, 3-6 parts of organic monomer, 1-2 parts of dispersant and 1-2 parts of photoinitiator; or the molybdenum alloy paste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90-95 parts of molybdenum alloy powder, 3-6 parts of organic monomer, 1-2 parts of dispersant and 1-2 parts of photoinitiator.
10. A method of manufacturing a heat exchange structure, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, paving a ceramic layer (300) paste on a substrate to form a first ceramic layer (3001) and a second ceramic layer (3002) located on one side or two sides of the first ceramic layer (3001);
s2, curing the ceramic paste of the second ceramic layer (3002) by adopting an SLA photocuring technology;
s3, removing the ceramic paste of the first ceramic layer (3001);
s4, respectively coating the paste of the second layer (302) and the paste of the transition layer (303) on the first ceramic layer (3001) by adopting an MPP technology, or coating the mixture of the paste of the second layer (302) and the paste of the transition layer (303) on the first ceramic layer (3001) to finish one-layer printing;
s5, repeating the steps S1-S4 to finish the preparation of the heat exchange structure blank;
s6, sintering and heat treating the heat exchange structure blank to form the heat exchange structure with the interface gradual change composite structure.
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