CN115194365A - Rare earth oxide welding rod suitable for large linear energy - Google Patents
Rare earth oxide welding rod suitable for large linear energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN115194365A CN115194365A CN202110394538.5A CN202110394538A CN115194365A CN 115194365 A CN115194365 A CN 115194365A CN 202110394538 A CN202110394538 A CN 202110394538A CN 115194365 A CN115194365 A CN 115194365A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 rare earth yttrium oxide Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PYLLWONICXJARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Mn] PYLLWONICXJARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001309 Ferromolybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QDMRQDKMCNPQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boranylidynetitanium Chemical compound [B].[Ti] QDMRQDKMCNPQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910004762 CaSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a rare earth oxide welding rod suitable for large linear energy, which consists of welding core press coating powder, wherein the powder comprises the following components, by weight, 30-40 parts of marble, 30-40 parts of fluorite, 3-4 parts of titanium dioxide, 4-6 parts of rutile, 2-6 parts of micro silicon powder, 0.4-0.6 part of alkali surface, 4-7 parts of iron powder, 0.2-0.5 part of graphite, 4-8 parts of nickel powder, 2-5 parts of rare earth yttrium oxide, 2-5 parts of silicon additive, 3-6 parts of manganese additive, 5-10 parts of titanium additive, 1-3 parts of chromium additive and 1-3 parts of molybdenum additive, wherein graphite, rutile, titanium dioxide and ferrotitanium are used as arc stabilizers. According to the invention, the size of inclusions and the structure of a welding seam are refined by adding rare earth elements, the structure form and distribution are improved, the mechanical property of the welding seam is improved, the service performance of equipment is further improved, the service life of the equipment is prolonged, the utilization rate of the equipment is improved, and a welding material selection suitable for large-line energy is provided for hydroelectric engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding materials, and particularly relates to a rare earth oxide welding rod suitable for large linear energy.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous development of the hydropower industry, the water turbine generator set serving as the core equipment of the hydropower station gradually develops towards the directions of high water head, high rotating speed, high efficiency, high lift and large capacity, and higher requirements are put forward on strength and rigidity. The high-strength steel has the advantages of high yield strength, tensile strength and overall stability coefficient, can bear complex stress conditions in the axial direction, the radial direction and the tangential direction, can reduce the thickness of a pipe wall, reduce the cost and the like, and is favored by water and electricity researchers. In hydroelectric engineering, a welding technology is an indispensable combination mode in the process of equipment construction and installation, and the reasonable design of welding process parameters is of great importance. The difficulty of welding by welders is increased due to the field environment, so that the requirement on a welding process is more strict, and particularly, the welding heat input quantity is increased due to the plate thickness. The heat input quantity is increased, the welding efficiency can be obviously improved, the manufacturing period of the hydroelectric engineering is shortened, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the problems of how to improve the service performance and the safe service life of the hydroelectric equipment under large linear energy are urgently to be solved. Therefore, the development of high-quality welding rods suitable for steel matching for large heat input has great practical significance for solving the actual production and promoting the social and economic benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a rare earth oxide welding rod suitable for large linear energy, so as to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
The invention optimizes the technological property of the rare earth oxide welding rod and reduces splashing by improving the alkalinity of the welding slag; by adding rare earth elements, the effects of dehydrogenation, deoxidation and desulfurization are achieved, and the purity of the welding seam is improved; the size of inclusions and the structure of a welding seam are refined by adding rare earth elements, the structure form and distribution are improved, the mechanical property of the welding seam is improved, the service performance of equipment is further improved, the service life of the equipment is prolonged, the utilization rate of the equipment is improved, and welding material selection suitable for large-line energy is provided for hydropower engineering.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the rare earth oxide welding rod suitable for large linear energy consists of core wire press coating powder, which comprises the following components, by weight, 30-40 parts of marble, 30-40 parts of fluorite, 3-4 parts of titanium dioxide, 4-6 parts of rutile, 2-6 parts of micro silicon powder, 0.4-0.6 part of alkali surface, 4-7 parts of iron powder, 0.2-0.5 part of graphite, 4-8 parts of nickel powder, 2-5 parts of rare earth yttrium oxide, 2-5 parts of a silicon additive, 3-6 parts of a manganese additive, 5-10 parts of a titanium additive, 1-3 parts of a chromium additive and 1-3 parts of a molybdenum additive.
Preferably, caCO in the marble 3 The mass content is more than or equal to 97 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.020 percent, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: +40 mesh: 0. +50 mesh: less than or equal to 5 percent, 200 meshes below zero: less than or equal to 40 percent; wherein "+" represents above and "-" represents below.
CaF in the fluorite 2 The mass content is more than or equal to 96 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: 0 mesh of +50 meshes, less than or equal to 1% of +60 meshes, 200 meshes: less than or equal to 60 percent;
SiO in the silicon micro powder 2 The mass content is more than or equal to 97.0 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: -160 mesh: 100 percent and-200 meshes are more than or equal to 95 percent;
TiO in the titanium dioxide 2 The mass content is more than or equal to 98.0 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.050 percent, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.030 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: 100% of-140 meshes, 200 meshes: more than or equal to 90 percent;
TiO in the rutile 2 The mass content is more than or equal to 95.0 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: 100% of minus 80 meshes, 200 meshes: less than or equal to 20 percent;
the iron powder contains more than or equal to 99.0 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of P, and the granularity requirement is as follows: 100% of-28 meshes, -40 meshes to +60 meshes: more than or equal to 80 percent and 200 meshes: less than or equal to 20 percent;
the mass content of C in the graphite is more than or equal to 80 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.100 percent, the water content is less than or equal to 0.80 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: -200 mesh: 100 percent;
the nickel powder contains more than or equal to 99.0 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of P, and the granularity requirement is as follows: -80 mesh: 100%, -200 mesh: less than or equal to 40 percent;
y in the rare earth yttrium oxide 2 O 3 Not less than 99.0 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: +140 mesh:0. -200 mesh: more than or equal to 99 percent.
Preferably, the silicon additive is one or more than two of 75# ferrosilicon, rare earth ferrosilicon, silicon carbide and silicon-manganese alloy; the manganese additive is one or more than two of electrolytic manganese, silicon-manganese alloy and high-carbon ferromanganese; the chromium additive is one or more than two of metal chromium, micro-carbon ferrochrome and high-carbon ferrochrome, the molybdenum additive is one or more than two of metal molybdenum and ferromolybdenum, and the titanium additive is one or more than two of ferrotitanium, titanium powder and titanium-boron alloy.
Preferably, the binder used is a sodium potassium silicate with a modulus M of 3.00 to 3.10 and a concentration Be DEG of 40 to 45.
Preferably, the press coating rate of the powder (the mass ratio of the powder to the whole welding rod) is 27-32%;
preferably, the welding core is low-carbon steel welding core, and the content of C is less than or equal to 0.04 percent; the diameter of the core wire is 3.2-5.0 mm.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the rare earth oxide welding rod suitable for large linear energy, which comprises the following steps: air-drying the mixture for 8 hours in a furnace at the temperature of 60 ℃, wherein the baking process comprises 4 steps: preserving the heat for 3 hours at 80 ℃; keeping the temperature at 150 ℃ for 2 hours; keeping the temperature at 260 ℃ for 2 hours; the temperature is kept at 380-400 ℃ for 1.5 hours.
The invention also provides a method for welding by using the rare earth oxide welding rod suitable for large linear energy, which comprises the following process parameters: the voltage is 24V-28V, the current is 120A-250A, and the direct current is reversely connected.
The invention provides the application of the rare earth oxide welding rod suitable for large linear energy or the welding rod prepared by the preparation method in hydroelectric engineering welding.
The invention provides the application of the rare earth oxide welding rod suitable for large linear energy or the welding rod prepared by the preparation method in welding Q690E steel plates.
The welding rod of the invention increases the content of fluorite, properly increases the content of rutile, reduces the content of micro silicon powder and improves the alkalinity of welding slag. Under the action of the high temperature of the electric arc, the following reactions occur:
1、2CaF 2 +3SiO 2 →2CaSiO 3 +SiF 4 the technological performance of the rare earth oxide welding rod is optimized, and the splashing is reduced.
2. [ Ca ] + [ O ] → CaO, and the generated CaO has high melting point and light density, floats up to the welding slag, quickly solidifies the welding slag and reduces the invasion of harmful impurities.
3. [ F ] + [ H ] → HF, which has a dehydrogenation effect.
The welding rod of the invention can eliminate the adverse effect caused by increasing fluorite and reducing the content of micro silicon powder by properly increasing the content of rutile, thereby stabilizing the electric arc.
According to the welding rod, through multiple attempts, the content ratio of marble to fluorite is better, the size of a molten pool is moderate during welding, and the invasion of harmful impurities is reduced.
During welding, the rare earth yttrium oxide reacts under the high-temperature action of an electric arc as follows: y is 2 O 3 →2[Y]+3[O]The rare earth Y element is transited to a molten pool, has strong affinity with oxygen and sulfur, and is easy to react as follows:
2[Y]+3[O]→Y 2 O 3
[Y]+[S]→YS
2[Y]+3[S]→Y 2 S 3
2[Y]+2[O]+[S]→Y 2 O 2 S
thereby playing the role of deoxidation and desulfurization and improving the purity of the welding seam.
The rare earth element Y which is transited to the molten pool is enriched around the inclusions or distributed at the grain boundary. The rare earth Y element enriched around the inclusions has the effects of refining and spheroidizing the inclusions in the welding seam, increasing the number of the inclusions suitable for acicular ferrite nucleation, promoting acicular ferrite nucleation in the welding seam solidification process and improving the toughness. In addition, inclusions are dispersed and distributed after rare earth is added, and the grain size is reduced. The rare earth Y element distributed at the grain boundary hinders the movement of the grain boundary, thereby hindering the growth of the crystal grains. In addition, the rare earth elements have strong reducibility, so that the contents of C, mn and Si in the weld seam are increased, and the strength of the weld seam is improved.
On the other hand, the rare earth yttrium element which is transited into the molten pool reacts with hydrogen, so that the content of diffused hydrogen in the deposited metal is reduced, and the toughness of the welding seam is improved while dehydrogenation is carried out. In addition, the inclusion containing rare earth has larger binding force on hydrogen, and the mobility and diffusion speed of hydrogen are reduced, so that the harm of diffused hydrogen is reduced.
Function of other components:
marble with CaCO as main component 3 The melting point is 2572 ℃, the functions of desulfurization, dephosphorization and arc stabilization in the welding process can be realized, and CO can be decomposed 2 The welding line is protected from being oxidized and nitrided, short slag is caused, and directional welding is convenient. The following reaction takes place under the action of the electric arc:
and (3) desulfurization:
CaCO 3 →CaO+CO 2
FeS+CaO→CaS+FeO
FeO+Mn→MnO+Fe
dephosphorization:
3CaO+P 2 O 5 →Ca 3 P 2 O 8
4CaO+P 2 O 5 →Ca 4 P 2 O 9
2Fe 2 P+5FeO+3CaO→Ca 3 P 2 O 8 +9Fe
2Fe 2 P+5FeO+4CaO→Ca 4 P 2 O 9 +9Fe
thereby playing the role of desulfurization and dephosphorization.
Fluorite, caF as main component 2 The melting point is 1357 ℃, and the hydrogen sulfide is used for desulfurization and is combined with H to form HF to be volatilized during welding, so that the hydrogen white point tendency is reduced, and the welding line plasticity is enhanced. On the other hand, the fluidity of the slag can be effectively improved, the viscosity of the slag is reduced, and the impact toughness is improved. The following reaction takes place under the action of the electric arc:
binding to H:
CaF 2 +H 2 O→CaO+2HF
CaF 2 +2H→Ca+2HF
2CaF 2 +3SiO 2 →CaSiO 3 +SiF 4 (this reaction also optimizes the handling characteristics of the electrode and reduces spatter)
SiF 4 +H→SiF+3HF
And (3) desulfurization:
CaF 2 +[S]→CaS+2[F]
thereby playing the effect of dehydrogenation and desulfurization.
Micro silicon powder with SiO as main component 2 Melting point 1723 deg.C, mainly for slag and gas making during welding, and the following reactions take place under the action of the electric arc:
2CaF 2 +3SiO 2 →CaSiO 3 +SiF 4
the reaction optimizes the technological performance of the welding rod and reduces splashing;
SiF 4 +H→SiF+3HF
the dehydrogenation effect is achieved.
Titanium white powder, chemical products, the main component of which is TiO 2 The melting point is 1560 ℃, the relative density is 4.26, the arc stabilization is adopted in the welding process, the molten pool is calm, less splashing is caused, active slag can be generated, the molten slag can uniformly cover the welding seam, the slag can be conveniently removed, the welding wave is fine, and titanate generated by combining with ferric oxide can enter the molten slag to play a role in deoxidation. The following reaction takes place under the action of the electric arc:
and (3) deoxidation:
FeO+TiO 2 →FeTiO 3
thereby achieving the deoxidation effect.
Rutile, tiO as main component 2 The melting point is 1560 ℃, the function in the welding process is to stabilize electric arc, make the molten pool calm, make metal transition in fine mist form, make the directional welding convenient, make the hot deslag easy, make the welding seam shaping esthetic, the slag covers evenly.
Alkaline flour containing Na as main ingredient 2 CO 3 The function of the welding rod is to increase the viscosity of the powder and smooth the surface of the welding rod in the welding process.
The iron powder mainly comprises Fe, the melting point is 1535 ℃, the relative density is 7.8, and the iron powder plays a role in accelerating the melting speed of a coating in the welding process, so that the weld metal is increased, and the deposition efficiency is improved.
The graphite mainly comprises the component C, the relative density is 2.25, and the graphite mainly plays a role in transferring into a welding seam in the welding process, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of deposited metal are improved.
Nickel powder: the main component is Ni, the melting point is 1452 ℃, the relative density is 8.9, and the function in the welding process is as follows: 1. the affinity with oxygen is smaller than that of iron, oxidation is avoided during welding, and the transition coefficient is high; 2. the toughness and the strength of the deposited metal can be improved; 3. the low-temperature performance of the deposited metal can be improved.
Silicon addition: the melting point of Si is 1420 ℃, the relative density is 2.42, and the effect of the Si in the welding process is deoxidation, the melting of a welding rod is accelerated, the fluidity of slag is improved, the sensitivity of pores of a welding seam is reduced, and the welding wave is fine. The following reaction takes place under the action of the electric arc:
and (3) deoxidation:
2FeO+Si→SiO 2 +2Fe
thereby achieving the deoxidation effect.
The manganese additive has a Mn melting point of 1260 ℃, a relative density of 7.42, and has the functions of deoxidation, desulfurization, heat release, welding reaction speed acceleration and manganese supplement in cold wind in the welding process. The following reaction takes place under the action of the electric arc:
and (3) deoxidation:
FeO+Mn→MnO+Fe
and (3) desulfurization:
FeS+Mn→MnS+Fe
thereby achieving the effects of deoxidation and desulfurization.
Titanium additive, titanium melting point 1720 ℃, relative density 4.5, role in the welding process: 1. has larger deoxidizing capacity than ferrosilicon: 2FeO + Ti → TiO 2 +2Fe; 2. ti and N can be combined into a solid form of TiN, so that gas in weld metal is reduced, and the possibility of steel hardening is reduced; 3. the crystal grains can be refined and the toughness can be improved.
Chromium addition, chromium melting point 1824 ℃, relative density 7.1, role in the welding process: 1. the oxidability is strong, and the reaction can be accelerated by heat release; 2. the strength and the hardness of deposited metal are improved; 3. red hardness and high-temperature oxidation resistance; 4. has good corrosion resistance when acting with Ni.
Molybdenum additive, molybdenum melting point 2620 ℃, relative density 10.2, role in the welding process: 1. the welding process is basically not oxidized, and the excessive coefficient reaches more than 90 percent; 2. promoting grain refinement and preventing crack sensitivity; 3. high carbide forming capacity and high antiwear performance.
Compared with the prior art, the rare earth oxide welding rod applicable to large linear energy has the following advantages:
1) The technological performance of the rare earth oxide welding rod is optimized under large linear energy, and the splashing is reduced.
2) By adding rare earth elements, the effects of dehydrogenation, deoxidation and desulfurization are achieved, and the purity of the welding seam is improved.
3) By adding rare earth elements, the size of inclusions and the structure of a welding seam are refined, the structure form and distribution are improved, the mechanical property of the welding seam is improved, and the method is more suitable for large-heat-input welding.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, technical terms used in the following examples have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The test reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional biochemical reagents; the experimental methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The coating of the welding rod is prepared according to 3 formulas in the table 1, the powder is respectively and uniformly mixed, then the potassium-sodium water glass with the modulus M of 3.00-3.10 and the concentration Be degree of 40-45 is added, the mixture is uniformly stirred, and then the powder is pressed and coated on a core wire by a press coater, wherein the core wire is a low-carbon steel core wire, the content of C is less than or equal to 0.04%, and the diameter of the core wire is 4.0mm, thus obtaining the welding rod. And then carrying out air drying and baking processes. And (3) air drying process: air-drying in a furnace at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 8h, wherein the baking process comprises 4 steps: preserving the heat for 3 hours at 80 ℃; keeping the temperature at 150 ℃ for 2 hours; keeping the temperature at 260 ℃ for 2 hours; preserving the heat for 1.5 hours at 380-400 ℃. The press coating rate of the medicinal powder is 27-32%.
TABLE 1 recipe of coating for welding rod of 3 cases
In the examples, the coatings are: caCO in marble 3 The mass content is more than or equal to 97 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.020 percent, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: +40 mesh: 0. +50 mesh: less than or equal to 5 percent, minus 200 meshes: less than or equal to 40 percent; caF in fluorite 2 The mass content is more than or equal to 96 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: 0 mesh of +50 meshes, less than or equal to 1% of +60 meshes, 200 meshes: less than or equal to 60 percent; siO in silica micropowder 2 The mass content is more than or equal to 97.0 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: -160 mesh: 100 percent and-200 meshes are more than or equal to 95 percent; tiO in titanium dioxide 2 The mass content is more than or equal to 98.0 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.050 percent, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.030 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: 100% of-140 mesh, -200 mesh: more than or equal to 90 percent; tiO in rutile 2 The mass content is more than or equal to 95.0 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: 100% of-80 mesh, -200 mesh: less than or equal to 20 percent; the Fe content in the iron powder is more than or equal to 99.0 percent, the S content is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, the P content is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: 100% of-28 meshes, 40 meshes to +60 meshes: more than or equal to 80 percent and 200 meshes: less than or equal to 20 percent; the mass content of C in the graphite is more than or equal to 80 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.100 percent, the water content is less than or equal to 0.80 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: -200 mesh: 100 percent; the Ni content in the nickel powder is more than or equal to 99.0 percent, the S content is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, the P content is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: -80 mesh: 100%, -200 mesh: less than or equal to 40 percent; y in rare earth yttrium oxide 2 O 3 Not less than 99.0 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: +140 mesh: 0. -200 mesh: more than or equal to 99 percent; siO in 45% ferrosilicon 2 The mass content is 44-46%; the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: -40 mesh: 100%, -200 mesh: less than or equal to 25 percent; electrolytic manganese metalThe mass content of the medium Mn is more than or equal to 99.0 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: -80 mesh: 100%, -200 mesh: less than or equal to 50 percent; mo in the molybdenum powder is more than or equal to 99.0 percent, S mass content is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, P mass content is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: -80 mesh: 100%, -160 mesh: more than or equal to 98 percent; in 40% ferrotitanium, the mass content of Ti is 35.0% -45.0%, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.030%, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.030%, and the granularity requirement is as follows: -60 mesh: 100%, -200 mesh: less than or equal to 35 percent; the metal chromium contains more than or equal to 99.0 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of P, and the granularity is required to be as follows: +60 mesh: 0. +80 mesh: less than or equal to 1 percent and 200 meshes: less than or equal to 20 percent; wherein "+" represents above and "-" represents below.
The welding rod is used for carrying out welding experiments on a 20mm Q690E steel plate with the thickness, and the welding process parameters are as follows: current: 120-280A; layer temperature: 130-150 ℃; layer number: 6-8 layers; keeping the temperature for 1h at 200 ℃ after welding. The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the deposited metal are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 chemical composition and mechanical properties of deposited metal
The linear energy more than or equal to 17KJ/cm is generally considered as large linear energy, the minimum linear energy of the welding of the 3 cases is 20.8KJ/cm and more than 17KJ/cm, the method is suitable for large linear energy welding, the working condition requirements of actual production of hydropower engineering are met, and the welding process and the mechanical property of the embodiment 2 are optimal.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A rare earth oxide welding rod suitable for large linear energy is composed of a core wire press coating powder, and is characterized in that: the powder comprises, by weight, 30-40 parts of marble, 30-40 parts of fluorite, 3-4 parts of titanium dioxide, 4-6 parts of rutile, 2-6 parts of micro silicon powder, 0.4-0.6 part of alkali surface, 4-7 parts of iron powder, 0.2-0.5 part of graphite, 4-8 parts of nickel powder, 2-5 parts of rare earth yttrium oxide, 2-5 parts of a silicon additive, 3-6 parts of a manganese additive, 5-10 parts of a titanium additive, 1-3 parts of a chromium additive and 1-3 parts of a molybdenum additive.
2. The high line energy rare earth oxide welding electrode of claim 1, wherein: caCO in marble 3 The mass content is more than or equal to 97 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.020 percent, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: +40 mesh: 0. +50 mesh: less than or equal to 5 percent, minus 200 meshes: less than or equal to 40 percent; caF in fluorite 2 The mass content is more than or equal to 96 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: 0 mesh in +50 meshes, not more than 1% in +60 meshes, 200 meshes: less than or equal to 60 percent; siO in silicon micropowder 2 The mass content is more than or equal to 97.0 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: -160 mesh: 100 percent and-200 meshes are more than or equal to 95 percent; tiO in titanium dioxide 2 The mass content is more than or equal to 98.0 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.050 percent, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.030 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: 140 mesh: 100%, -200 mesh: more than or equal to 90 percent; tiO in rutile 2 The mass content is more than or equal to 95.0 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: 100% of minus 80 meshes, 200 meshes: less than or equal to 20 percent; the Fe content in the iron powder is more than or equal to 99.0 percent, the S content is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, the P content is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: 100% of-28 meshes, -40 meshes to +60 meshes: not less than 80%, 200 mesh: less than or equal to 20 percent; the mass content of C in the graphite is more than or equal to 80 percent, the mass content of S is less than or equal to 0.100 percent, the water content is less than or equal to 0.80 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: -200 mesh: 100 percent; the Ni content in the nickel powder is more than or equal to 99.0 percent, the S content is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, the P content is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: -80 mesh: 100%, -200 mesh: less than or equal to 40 percent; y in rare earth yttrium oxide 2 O 3 Not less than 99.0 percent, and the granularity requirement is as follows: +140 mesh: 0. -200 mesh: more than or equal to 99 percent; wherein "+" represents the above and "-" represents the below.
3. The high line energy rare earth oxide welding electrode of claim 1, wherein: the silicon additive is one or more than two of 75# ferrosilicon, rare earth ferrosilicon, silicon carbide and silicon-manganese alloy; the manganese additive is one or more than two of electrolytic manganese, silicon-manganese alloy and high-carbon ferromanganese; the chromium additive is one or more than two of metal chromium, micro-carbon ferrochrome and high-carbon ferrochrome, the molybdenum additive is one or more than two of metal molybdenum and ferromolybdenum, and the titanium additive is one or more than two of ferrotitanium, titanium powder and titanium-boron alloy.
4. The high line energy rare earth oxide welding electrode of claim 1, wherein: the adhesive used is potassium-sodium water glass, the modulus M of which is 3.00-3.10 and the concentration Be DEG of which is 40-45.
5. The high line energy rare earth oxide welding electrode of claim 1, wherein: the press coating rate of the medicinal powder is 27-32%.
6. The high line energy rare earth oxide welding electrode of claim 1, wherein: the welding core is low-carbon steel welding core, and the content of C is less than or equal to 0.04 percent; the diameter of the core wire is 3.2-5.0 mm.
7. A method of making a high line energy rare earth oxide welding electrode as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: and (3) air drying process: air-drying in a furnace at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 8h, wherein the baking process comprises 4 steps: preserving the heat for 3 hours at 80 ℃; keeping the temperature at 150 ℃ for 2 hours; keeping the temperature at 260 ℃ for 2 hours; the temperature is kept at 380-400 ℃ for 1.5 hours.
8. A method of welding using the rare earth oxide welding electrode for high line energy of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the technological parameters are as follows: the voltage is 24V-28V, the current is 120A-250A, and the direct current is reversely connected.
9. Use of a rare earth oxide welding rod suitable for high line energy according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or a welding rod obtained by the method of preparation according to claim 7 in welding in hydroelectric engineering.
10. Use of the rare earth oxide welding electrode for high line energy according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the welding electrode obtained by the preparation method of claim 7 in welding of Q690E steel plate.
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