CN115184814A - Power battery pack service life prediction method and device, readable storage medium and equipment - Google Patents
Power battery pack service life prediction method and device, readable storage medium and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115184814A CN115184814A CN202211086739.XA CN202211086739A CN115184814A CN 115184814 A CN115184814 A CN 115184814A CN 202211086739 A CN202211086739 A CN 202211086739A CN 115184814 A CN115184814 A CN 115184814A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a device, a readable storage medium and equipment for predicting the service life of a power battery pack, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates of a power battery pack to be tested after the power battery pack is charged and discharged for a preset number of times in a circulating initial mode, and establishing a service life prediction model by taking the initial battery capacity retention rates as an original sequence of a gray model; predicting the current battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested after the power battery pack is charged and discharged for a preset number of times in a circulating mode according to the service life prediction model; and when the current battery capacity retention rate is judged to be lower than the battery capacity retention rate threshold, taking the preset times as the service life of the power battery pack to be tested for cyclic charge and discharge. The invention solves the problem of long period in the service life detection of the power battery pack in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a method and a device for predicting the service life of a power battery pack, a readable storage medium and equipment.
Background
With the continuous development of society, automobiles enter thousands of households, new energy automobiles are more and more favored by people due to green environmental protection, and the power battery pack is used as a main power supply source of the new energy automobiles, so that the service life of the new energy automobiles in use, which is subjected to cyclic charging, becomes important.
Therefore, before the vehicle leaves the factory, the cycle charge and discharge life of the battery needs to be experimentally calculated to maintain the factory quality of the power battery pack, in the prior art, a charge and discharge cycle mode is generally adopted to test the charge and discharge cycle life of the power battery pack, specifically, in a laboratory, the power battery pack is charged, placed still, discharged, placed still and the like according to a set experimental program, and if the test is performed according to a 1C current, 2 cycles per day and 1000 cycles are tested, 500 days are required. Or testing until the battery capacity retention rate is less than 80%, and the service life of the power battery pack is terminated. The disadvantages of this method are: the rack resources are occupied, and if a plurality of battery types are tested, a large amount of test equipment needs to be purchased; the test period is long, and the development progress of the product is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method, an apparatus, a readable storage medium, and a device for predicting a lifetime of a power battery pack, and aims to solve the problem in the prior art that a period is long when a lifetime of a power battery pack is tested.
The embodiment of the invention is realized as follows:
a method of power battery pack life prediction, the method comprising:
acquiring a plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for a preset number of times in a charging and discharging cycle, and establishing a service life prediction model by taking the initial battery capacity retention rates as an original sequence of a gray model;
predicting the current battery capacity retention rate after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for a preset number of charging and discharging cycles according to the service life prediction model;
and when the current battery capacity retention rate is judged to be lower than the battery capacity retention rate threshold, taking the preset times as the service life of the cyclic charge and discharge of the power battery pack to be detected.
Further, the method for predicting the service life of the power battery pack includes the steps of obtaining a plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for the initial preset number of times in a charging and discharging cycle, and establishing a service life prediction model by using the initial battery capacity retention rates as an original sequence of a gray model:
obtaining a plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates after a power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for a preset number of times in a charging and discharging cycle, and taking the initial battery capacity retention rates as an original sequence of a gray model;
accumulating the original sequences to obtain an accumulated sequence, then generating a mean value sequence and establishing a grey differential equation;
and determining the parameters to be identified in the gray differential equation by using a least square method, and establishing the service life prediction model according to the parameters to be identified and the whitening differential equation of the gray model.
Further, in the method for predicting the service life of a power battery pack, the expression of the gray differential equation is as follows:
the expression of the whitening differential equation is as follows:
the life prediction model has the expression:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the form of an original sequence, the sequence is,
in order to accumulate the sequence of the data,
in the form of a sequence of mean values,
is the first data of the original sequence, a and b are both parameters to be identified, alpha is weight,
。
further, the method for predicting the service life of the power battery pack further comprises:
in the process of predicting the current battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested after charge and discharge are cycled for a preset number of times according to the service life prediction model, judging whether the ratio of the current battery capacity retention rate to the next battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested is in a preset range;
and if so, continuing to execute the step of predicting the current battery capacity retention rate after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for the preset number of charging and discharging cycles according to the service life prediction model.
Further, the method for predicting the service life of the power battery pack, wherein the step of predicting the current battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested after charging and discharging for a preset number of charging and discharging cycles according to the service life prediction model further comprises the following steps:
obtaining a predicted battery capacity retention rate after the life prediction model predicts the charge-discharge cycle of the power battery pack to be tested for a preset number of charge-discharge cycles;
acquiring the actually measured battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be measured after the power battery pack is correspondingly circulated for the preset times of charging and discharging;
judging whether the error between the predicted battery capacity retention rate and the actually-measured battery capacity retention rate is within a preset range;
and if so, executing a step of judging whether the current battery capacity retention rate is lower than a battery capacity retention rate threshold value.
Further, the method for predicting the service life of the power battery pack includes the following steps of obtaining a capacity retention rate of a plurality of initial batteries after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for a preset number of times after a charge and discharge cycle of the power battery pack to be tested is initiated:
the power battery pack to be tested is obtained and placed in a preset environment bin, discharging is carried out according to a first preset charging and discharging rule, and after charging, discharging is carried out to obtain a reference discharging capacity;
obtaining each discharge capacity of preset times of charge-discharge circulation by discharging after discharging according to a second preset charge-discharge rule after discharging;
and determining the capacity retention rate of a plurality of initial batteries after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for the initial preset times in the charge and discharge cycle according to the reference discharge capacity and each discharge capacity.
Further, in the method for predicting the service life of a power battery pack, the first preset charging and discharging rule includes:
discharging the power battery pack to be tested to a discharge cut-off voltage by using a preset discharge current;
laying aside for a preset time;
charging the power battery pack to be tested to a charging cut-off voltage at a preset constant current of a charging current, standing for a preset time, then sequentially reducing the preset charging current at preset reduction amplitude, charging to the charging cut-off voltage, and standing for the preset time until the current residual electric quantity of the power battery pack to be tested reaches a preset residual electric quantity threshold value;
laying aside for a preset time;
discharging the power battery pack to be tested to a discharge cut-off voltage by using a preset discharge current so as to obtain a reference discharge capacity of the power battery pack to be tested;
the second preset charging and discharging rule comprises the following steps:
discharging the power battery pack to be tested to a discharge cut-off voltage by using a preset discharge current;
the method comprises the steps of sequentially shelving for preset time according to preset cycle times, charging the power battery pack to be detected to a charging cut-off voltage at a preset charging current constant current, standing for preset time, then sequentially reducing the preset charging current according to preset reduction amplitude, charging the power battery pack to be detected to the charging cut-off voltage, and standing for preset time until the current residual electric quantity of the power battery pack to be detected reaches a preset residual electric quantity threshold value, shelving for preset time, and discharging the power battery pack to be detected to a discharging cut-off voltage according to preset discharging current, so that each discharging capacity of the preset charging and discharging cycle times of the power battery pack is obtained.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a power battery pack life prediction apparatus, which includes:
the device comprises an acquisition module, a service life prediction module and a control module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring a plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates after the power battery pack to be detected is charged and discharged for a preset number of times in a charging and discharging cycle, and using the initial battery capacity retention rates as an original sequence of a grey model to establish a service life prediction model;
the prediction module is used for predicting the current battery capacity retention rate after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for a preset number of charging and discharging cycles according to the service life prediction model;
and the determining module is used for taking the preset times as the service life of the power battery pack to be tested in circulating charge and discharge when the current battery capacity retention rate is judged to be lower than the battery capacity retention rate threshold value.
It is a further object of embodiments of the invention to provide a readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method as described above.
It is a further object of embodiments of the present invention to provide an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the method as described above when executing the program.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates obtained by actual measurement of the power battery pack to be tested after the power battery pack is charged and discharged for the initial preset number of times in a circulating mode are obtained, and the initial battery capacity retention rates are used as an original sequence of a gray model to establish a service life prediction model of the power battery pack, wherein the service life prediction model grasps the variation trend of the battery capacity retention rates, can predict the subsequent battery capacity retention rates of the power battery pack, and obtains the current preset number of times of charging and discharging of the power battery pack when the battery capacity retention rates are lower than a threshold value to determine the service life of the power battery pack, so that the service life of the power battery pack is predicted, a large number of charging and discharging experiments are not needed, and the problem that the service life of the power battery pack is long in period when the service life test is carried out in the prior art is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for predicting the life of a power battery pack according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a life prediction device for a power battery pack according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a comparison graph of a predicted battery capacity retention rate and an actually measured battery capacity retention rate after 100 cycles of charge and discharge of a power battery pack in the method for predicting the service life of a power battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The following detailed description will further illustrate the invention in conjunction with the above-described figures.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the invention are presented in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for purposes of illustration only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The following will explain how to shorten the detection cycle of the service life of the power battery pack in detail with reference to the specific embodiments and the attached drawings.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, a method for predicting a lifetime of a power battery pack according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown, and the method includes steps S10 to S12.
And S10, acquiring a plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for a preset number of times in a charging and discharging cycle, and establishing a service life prediction model by taking the initial battery capacity retention rates as an original sequence of a grey model.
The initial battery capacity retention rate is a battery capacity retention rate obtained by actual measurement of initial cycle charging times of the power battery pack for several times, and specifically, the battery capacity retention rate is a percentage of a discharge capacity of the power battery pack after each charge and discharge and a discharge capacity of the power battery pack after specific charge and discharge.
Specifically, a prediction Model established for a gray system is called a gray Model (gray Model), abbreviated as GM Model, which discloses a process of continuous development and change of things inside the system, and if a system has ambiguity of hierarchical and structural relationships, randomness of dynamic changes, and incompleteness or uncertainty of index data, these characteristics are called grayness, and a system with grayness is called a gray system. Generally, a gray model is established through an original sequence, and a plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates are used as the original sequence of the gray model to establish a service life prediction model capable of predicting the service life of the power battery pack.
In addition, the initial battery capacity retention rate can be obtained by testing through a specific test, and specifically, in some optional embodiments of the invention, the step of obtaining the multiple initial battery capacity retention rates after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for the initial preset number of times during the charge and discharge cycle comprises the following steps:
the power battery pack to be tested is obtained and placed in a preset environment bin, discharging is carried out according to a first preset charging and discharging rule, and after charging, discharging is carried out to obtain a reference discharging capacity;
the power battery pack to be tested is obtained and placed in a preset environment bin, discharging is carried out according to a second preset charging and discharging rule, and discharging is carried out after charging to obtain each discharging capacity of preset times of charging and discharging circulation;
and determining the capacity retention rate of a plurality of initial batteries after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for the initial preset times of the charge and discharge cycle according to the reference discharge capacity and the discharge capacity of each time.
Specifically, the preset environment bin provides an environment for charging and discharging of the power battery pack to be tested, the temperature of the environment bin is 25 +/-2 ℃, the environment bin is opened to work for about 4 hours, when all the electric core temperatures of all the power battery packs are 25 +/-2 ℃, positive and negative buses of the battery are connected with charging and discharging equipment, the voltage is 12V and the communication CAN, discharging is carried out according to a preset charging and discharging rule, discharging after charging is carried out to obtain a reference discharge capacity, similarly, the power battery pack to be tested is placed in the preset environment bin, discharging is carried out according to a second preset charging and discharging rule, discharging is carried out after charging is carried out to obtain each discharge capacity of preset times of charging and discharging cycles, and the ratio percentage of each discharge capacity to the reference discharge capacity is the initial battery capacity conservation rate obtained through actual measurement after each power battery pack is charged and discharged circularly.
Specifically, the first preset charging and discharging rule is as follows:
discharging the power battery pack to be tested to a discharge cut-off voltage by using a preset discharge current;
laying aside for a preset time;
charging the power battery pack to be tested to a charging cut-off voltage at a preset constant current of a charging current, standing for a preset time, then sequentially reducing the preset charging current at preset reduction amplitude, charging to the charging cut-off voltage, and standing for the preset time until the current residual electric quantity of the power battery pack to be tested reaches a preset residual electric quantity threshold value;
laying aside for a preset time;
and discharging the power battery pack to be tested to the discharge cut-off voltage by using a preset discharge current so as to obtain the reference discharge capacity of the power battery pack to be tested.
In the particular implementation of the present embodiment,
a) With 1I 1 (A) Discharging to a discharge cut-off voltage;
b) Standing for no less than 30min;
c) The power battery pack to be tested is 1I 1 (A) Charging at constant current to cut-off voltage, standing for 10s, and rotating to 0.5I 1 (A) Charging at constant current to cut-off voltage, standing for 10s, and rotating at 0.25I 1 (A) Charging at constant current to cut-off voltage, standing for 10s, and rotating to 0.125I 1 (A) Charging at constant current to cut-off voltage, standing for 10s, and rotating at 0.05I 1 (A) And charging at constant current to a charge cut-off voltage, wherein the SOC reaches 97 percent finally.
d) Standing for no less than 30min;
e) With 1I 1 (A) Discharge to discharge cutoff voltage (or SOC 5%);
f) Calculating the reference discharge capacity (in Ah) C 0
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the final reference discharge capacity may be obtained by testing the reference discharge capacity according to the above method for a preset number of times and averaging the preset number of times, for example, 5 times, and when the range of the test results of 3 consecutive times is less than 3% of the rated capacity, the test may be ended in advance, and the average value of the test results of 3 consecutive times is taken as the final reference discharge capacity.
The second preset charging and discharging rule is as follows:
discharging the power battery pack to be tested to a discharge cut-off voltage by using a preset discharge current;
carrying out shelving for a preset time in sequence according to a preset cycle number;
charging the power battery pack to be tested to a charging cut-off voltage at a preset constant current by using a preset charging current, standing for a preset time, sequentially reducing the preset charging current by using a preset reduction amplitude, charging to the charging cut-off voltage, and standing for the preset time until the current residual electric quantity of the power battery pack to be tested reaches a preset residual electric quantity threshold value;
laying aside for a preset time;
and discharging the power battery pack to be tested to the discharge cut-off voltage by using a preset discharge current so as to obtain the discharge capacity of the power battery pack for each preset number of charge-discharge cycles.
In the particular implementation of the present embodiment,
a) With 1I 1 (A) Discharging to a discharge cutoff voltage; (Note: I) 1 (A) For 1 hour discharge complete current of battery pack)
b) Standing for no less than 30min;
c) Then charging is carried out according to the following method:
the power battery pack to be tested is 1I 1 (A) Charging at constant current to cut-off voltage, standing for 10s, and rotating to 0.5I 1 (A) Charging at constant current to cut-off voltage, standing for 10s, and rotating at 0.25I 1 (A) Charging with constant current to cut-off voltage, standing for 10s, and rotating to 0.125I 1 (A) Charging at constant current to cut-off voltage, standing for 10s, and rotating at 0.05I 1 (A) Charging at constant current to a charge cut-off voltage;
d) Standing for no less than 30min;
e) With 1I 1 (A) Discharging to discharge cut-off voltage (or SOC 5%), and recording discharge capacity;
the first cycle recording discharge capacity is C 1
f) For a predetermined number of successive cycles, e.g. 20, according to b) to e), the second cycle discharge capacity being denoted C 2 And the third cycle discharge capacity is denoted as C 3 Analogize to C 20 Accordingly, the battery capacity retention rate h 1 = C 1 / C 0 ，h 2 = C 2 / C 0 And so on to h 20 = C 20 / C 0 。
And S11, predicting the current battery capacity retention rate after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for a preset number of charging and discharging cycles according to the service life prediction model.
The change rule of the battery capacity retention rate after charge and discharge cycles can be mastered through a life prediction model established by the battery capacity retention rate obtained through actual measurement of the small sample, so that the current battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be measured after the power battery pack is subjected to charge and discharge cycles for multiple times can be determined.
And S12, when the current battery capacity retention rate is judged to be lower than the battery capacity retention rate threshold, taking the preset times as the service life of the power battery pack to be tested for cyclic charge and discharge.
In this embodiment, the threshold of the battery capacity retention rate may be set to 80%, that is, when the battery capacity retention rate is less than 80% after the battery capacity retention rate is charged and discharged for a preset number of cycles, the power battery pack is end of life and cannot be used continuously, that is, when the battery capacity retention rate is less than 80%, the battery capacity retention rate can be determined by the preset number of cycles, and the life of the power battery pack to be tested is prolonged by the cycle charging and discharging.
In summary, according to the method for predicting the service life of the power battery pack in the embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates obtained by actual measurement of the power battery pack to be tested after the power battery pack is charged and discharged for the initial preset number of cycles are obtained, and the plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates are used as the original sequence of the gray model to establish the service life prediction model of the power battery pack, the service life prediction model grasps the variation trend of the battery capacity retention rates, can predict the subsequent battery capacity retention rates of the power battery pack, and obtains the current preset number of charging and discharging cycles of the power battery pack when the battery capacity retention rate is lower than the threshold value to determine the service life of the power battery pack, thereby realizing prediction of the service life of the power battery pack, and solving the problem of long cycle when the service life of the power battery pack is tested in the prior art without performing a large number of charging and discharging experiments.
Example two
The embodiment also provides a method for predicting the service life of a power battery pack, and the method for predicting the service life of a power battery pack provided in the embodiment is different from the method for predicting the service life of a power battery pack in the first embodiment in that:
the step S10 includes:
obtaining a plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates after a power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for a preset number of times in a charging and discharging cycle, and taking the initial battery capacity retention rates as an original sequence of a gray model;
accumulating the original sequences to obtain an accumulated sequence, then generating a mean value sequence and establishing a grey differential equation;
and determining a parameter to be identified in the gray differential equation by using a least square method, and establishing the service life prediction model according to the parameter to be identified and a whitening differential equation of the gray model.
Specifically, the original sequences are respectively
. Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
respectively obtaining initial battery capacity retention rates obtained by the first charge-discharge, the second charge-discharge and the third charge-discharge obtained by actual measurement, and then performing one-time accumulation to generate an accumulation sequence of a new sequence, namely
Therein is provided with
Thereafter generating a sequence of means, i.e.
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
α is a weight, and in the present embodiment, α takes 0.5, thereby establishing a gray differential equation:
shifting the ash differential equation to obtain:
a. b is a parameter to be identified, and the above formula can be written into a matrix form:
from this, the estimated values of the parameters a, b to be identified are obtained, the whitening differential equation of the corresponding gray model being
Substituting the whitening equation to obtain a sequence
General solution of (1):
reducing the number sequence into an original number sequence to obtain a life prediction model:
In addition, in some optional embodiments of the present invention, in order to further improve feasibility of the gray model, the method further includes performing a level ratio check on the data, and specifically, the method further includes:
in the process of predicting the current battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested after charge and discharge are cycled for a preset number of times according to the service life prediction model, judging whether the ratio of the current battery capacity retention rate to the next battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested is in a preset range;
and if so, continuing to execute the step of predicting the current battery capacity retention rate after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for the preset number of charging and discharging cycles according to the service life prediction model.
Specifically, the accuracy of data acquisition can be ensured by judging whether the ratio of the current battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested to the next battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested is within a preset range, and in some preferred embodiments of the invention, the error judgment can be performed when the life prediction model predicts the current battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested after charging and discharging for a preset number of charging and discharging cycles, for example, the error judgment is performed for several times before prediction, so as to determine whether the current rated life prediction model is feasible.
In the specific implementation of this embodiment, the ratio between the current battery capacity retention rate and the next battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested is as follows:
within a predetermined range of
。
In addition, in some optional embodiments of the present invention, the step of predicting the current battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested after charging and discharging for a preset number of charging and discharging cycles according to the life prediction model further includes:
obtaining a predicted battery capacity retention rate after the life prediction model predicts the charge-discharge cycle of the power battery pack to be tested for a preset number of charge-discharge cycles;
acquiring the actually-measured battery capacity retention rate after the power battery pack to be measured is correspondingly circulated for the preset times of charging and discharging;
judging whether the error between the predicted battery capacity retention rate and the actually-measured battery capacity retention rate is within a preset range;
and if so, executing a step of judging whether the current battery capacity retention rate is lower than a battery capacity retention rate threshold value.
After the service life of the power battery pack is predicted by the service life prediction model, the predicted battery capacity retention rate and the actually measured battery capacity retention rate are subjected to error analysis, and the accuracy of the service life prediction model is verified according to the magnitude of an error value, wherein a preset error range can be set according to actual conditions, and in the embodiment, the preset error range is smaller than 0.05.
In summary, in the method for predicting the service life of the power battery pack in the above embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates obtained by actual measurement of the power battery pack to be tested after the power battery pack is charged and discharged for the initial preset number of cycles are obtained, and the plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates are used as the original sequence of the gray model to establish the service life prediction model of the power battery pack, where the service life prediction model grasps the variation trend of the battery capacity retention rates, and can predict the subsequent battery capacity retention rates of the power battery pack, and obtain the current preset number of charging and discharging cycles of the power battery pack when the battery capacity retention rates are lower than the threshold value, so as to determine the service life of the power battery pack, thereby realizing prediction of the service life of the power battery pack, and without performing a large number of charging and discharging experiments, and verifying the predicted battery capacity retention rates during prediction, and improving the accuracy of the service life test of the power battery pack while solving the problem of long cycle when the service life test of the power battery pack in the prior art is performed.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 2, a device for predicting the life of a power battery pack according to a third embodiment of the present invention is shown, the device including:
the obtaining module 100 is configured to obtain a plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates after a power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for an initial preset number of times in a charging and discharging cycle, and use the plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates as an original sequence of a gray model to establish a life prediction model;
the prediction module 200 is used for predicting the current battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested after charging and discharging for a preset number of charging and discharging cycles according to the service life prediction model;
the determining module 300 is configured to, when it is determined that the current battery capacity retention rate is lower than a battery capacity retention rate threshold, take the preset number of times as a life of the power battery pack to be tested in charge and discharge cycles.
Further, the service life prediction device for the power battery pack is characterized in that the obtaining module includes:
the device comprises an acquisition unit, a storage unit and a processing unit, wherein the acquisition unit is used for acquiring a plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates of a power battery pack to be tested after the power battery pack is charged and discharged for a preset number of times in a charging and discharging cycle, and taking the initial battery capacity retention rates as an original sequence of a gray model;
the accumulation unit is used for accumulating the original sequence to obtain an accumulation sequence, then generating a mean value sequence and establishing a grey differential equation;
and the establishing unit is used for determining the parameters to be identified in the gray differential equation by using a least square method and establishing the service life prediction model according to the parameters to be identified and the whitening differential equation of the gray model.
Further, in the device for predicting the service life of a power battery pack, in the obtaining module, the expression of the gray differential equation is as follows:
the expression of the whitening differential equation is as follows:
the life prediction model has the expression:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the form of an original sequence, the sequence is,
in order to accumulate the sequence of the data,
is a sequence of the mean values of the images,
is the first data of the original sequence, a and b are parameters to be identified, alpha is weight,
。
further, the service life prediction device for the power battery pack further includes:
the first judgment module is used for judging whether the ratio of the current battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested to the next battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested is in a preset range or not in the process of predicting the current battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested after charging and discharging for preset times in a charging and discharging cycle according to the service life prediction model;
and if so, continuing to execute the step of predicting the current battery capacity retention rate after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for the preset number of charging and discharging cycles according to the service life prediction model.
Further, the service life prediction device for the power battery pack further includes:
the second judgment module is used for obtaining a predicted battery capacity retention rate after the life prediction model predicts the charge-discharge cycle of the power battery pack to be tested for a preset number of charge-discharge cycles;
acquiring the actually measured battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be measured after the power battery pack is correspondingly circulated for the preset times of charging and discharging;
judging whether the error between the predicted battery capacity retention rate and the actually-measured battery capacity retention rate is within a preset range or not;
and if so, executing a step of judging whether the current battery capacity retention rate is lower than a battery capacity retention rate threshold value.
Further, the service life prediction device for the power battery pack is further provided, wherein the obtaining module further includes:
the first discharging unit is used for obtaining that the power battery pack to be tested is placed in a preset environment bin, discharging according to a first preset charging and discharging rule, and discharging after charging to obtain a reference discharging capacity;
the second discharging unit is used for obtaining the discharging capacity of the power battery pack to be tested, placing the power battery pack in a preset environment bin, discharging according to a second preset charging and discharging rule, and discharging after charging to obtain each discharging capacity of preset times of charging and discharging circulation;
and the initial battery capacity retention rate determining unit is used for determining a plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for initial preset times in a charging and discharging cycle according to the reference discharging capacity and each discharging capacity.
Further, the service life prediction device for the power battery pack may further include:
discharging the power battery pack to be tested to a discharge cut-off voltage by using a preset discharge current;
laying aside for a preset time;
charging the power battery pack to be tested to a charging cut-off voltage at a preset constant current by using a preset charging current, standing for a preset time, sequentially reducing the preset charging current by using a preset reduction amplitude, charging to the charging cut-off voltage, and standing for the preset time until the current residual electric quantity of the power battery pack to be tested reaches a preset residual electric quantity threshold value;
laying aside for a preset time;
discharging the power battery pack to be tested to a discharge cut-off voltage by using a preset discharge current so as to obtain a reference discharge capacity of the power battery pack to be tested;
the second preset charging and discharging rule comprises the following steps:
discharging the power battery pack to be tested to a discharge cut-off voltage by using a preset discharge current;
the method comprises the steps of sequentially shelving for preset time according to preset cycle times, charging the power battery pack to be detected to a charging cut-off voltage at a preset charging current constant current, standing for preset time, then sequentially reducing the preset charging current by preset reduction amplitude respectively, then charging to the charging cut-off voltage, and standing for preset time until the current residual electric quantity of the power battery pack to be detected reaches a preset residual electric quantity threshold value, shelving for preset time, and discharging the power battery pack to be detected to the charging cut-off voltage according to preset discharging current, so that each discharging capacity of the preset charging and discharging cycle times of the power battery pack to be detected is obtained.
The functions or operation steps implemented by the modules when executed are substantially the same as those of the method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In addition, the service life prediction method of the power battery pack is verified by using a power battery pack of a certain brand, and the verification process is as follows:
the parameters of a certain brand of power battery pack are as follows:
placing the power battery pack in an environment cabin, connecting positive and negative buses of the battery with charge and discharge equipment, connecting a communication CAN, setting the temperature of the environment cabin to be 25 +/-2 ℃, starting the environment cabin to work for about 4 hours, and starting the next step when the temperatures of all battery cores of the power battery pack are 25 +/-2 ℃;
initial capacity test:
a) Discharging at 150A current until the discharge cut-off voltage of the monomer reaches 3.41V;
b) Standing for no less than 30min;
c) Charging according to the following method;
the power battery pack is charged with a constant current of 150A until the monomer charging cut-off voltage is 4.10V, stands for 10s, is charged with a constant current of 75A until the monomer charging cut-off voltage is 4.10V, stands for 10s, is charged with a constant current of 37.5A until the monomer charging cut-off voltage is 4.10V, stands for 10s, is charged with a constant current of 18.75A until the monomer charging cut-off voltage is 4.10V, stands for 10s, and is charged with a constant current of 7.5A until the monomer charging cut-off voltage is 4.10V.
d) Standing for no less than 30min;
e) Discharging at 150A until the discharge cut-off voltage of the monomer is 3.41V;
f) Calculating the discharge capacity (in Ah) C 0
The capacity is tested for 5 times according to the method, when the range of the test results of 3 continuous times is less than 3% of the rated capacity, the test can be ended in advance, and the average value of the test results of the last 3 times is taken.
The standard cycle was tested as follows:
a) Discharging at 150A until the cut-off voltage of monomer discharge is 3.41V;
b) Standing for no less than 30min;
c) Then charging is carried out according to the following method:
the power battery pack is charged with a constant current of 150A until the monomer charging cut-off voltage is 4.10V, stands for 10s, is charged with a constant current of 75A until the monomer charging cut-off voltage is 4.10V, stands for 10s, is charged with a constant current of 37.5A until the monomer charging cut-off voltage is 4.10V, stands for 10s, is charged with a constant current of 18.75A until the monomer charging cut-off voltage is 4.10V, stands for 10s, and is charged with a constant current of 7.5A until the monomer charging cut-off voltage is 4.10V.
d) Standing for no less than 30min;
e) Discharging at 150A until the discharge cut-off voltage of the monomer is 3.41V, and recording the discharge capacity;
the first cycle recording discharge capacity is C 1
f) Continuously cycling for 20 times according to b) to e), and recording the discharge capacity of the second cycle as C 2 And the third cycle discharge capacity is denoted as C 3 By analogy to C 20 。
Calculating the capacity retention rate h, h 1 = C 1 / C 0 ，h 2 = C 2 / C 0 And so on to h 20 = C20/ C 0
The test data are as follows:
based on the grey model of grey system theory, the original sequences are respectively
=(100.82, 100.82, 100.84, 100.86, 100.80, 100.65, 100.70, 100.67, 100.68, 100.64, 100.67, 100.72, 100.65, 100.61, 100.50, 100.47, 100.49, 100.58, 100.53, 100.49)
To determine the feasibility of the GM (1, 1) model, a class ratio test of the data is required, the calculation
In the interval
And the available service life prediction model is available, wherein n is the number of charge and discharge cycles and is calculated as follows:
λ k =
（1.0000,1.0002,1.0002,0.9994,0.9985,1.0005,0.9997,1.0000,0.9996,1.0002,1.0004,0.9993,0.9996，0.9989,0.9997,1.0002,1.0009,0.9995,0.9996）k=2,3……20
interval(s)
= (0.3858214814, 2.5918722733), from which, calculated as above, λ K In the interval
And the available life prediction model is illustrated, the life prediction model is applied, and the capacity retention rate is calculated and predicted through matlab programming, which is shown in the following table:
calculating the average simulated relative error: 0.043%, the relative error is less than 0.05 through calculation, and the model precision is good.
As shown in fig. 3, the maximum relative error between the capacity retention rate of the power battery pack charged and discharged for 100 cycles and the predicted value is 1.09%, and the capacity retention rate of the battery is less than 80% after 1194 cycles of charging and discharging according to the prediction of the life detection model. (the capacity retention rate of the automobile industry is less than 80%, namely the service life of the power battery pack is terminated and the power battery pack cannot be used continuously), determining the service life of the power battery pack in the cycle charging and discharging process.
Example four
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program is used to implement the steps of the method according to any one of the first to second embodiments when executed by a processor.
EXAMPLE five
In another aspect, the present invention further provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the processor implements the steps of the method according to any one of the first to second embodiments.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of simplicity of description, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, the combinations should be considered as the scope of description in the present specification.
Those of skill in the art will understand that the logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., an ordered listing of executable instructions that can be viewed as implementing logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Further, the computer readable storage medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It should be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following techniques, which are known in the art, may be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combinational logic gate circuit, a Programmable Gate Array (PGA), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for predicting the service life of a power battery pack is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for a preset number of times in a charging and discharging cycle, and establishing a service life prediction model by taking the initial battery capacity retention rates as an original sequence of a gray model;
predicting the current battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested after the power battery pack is charged and discharged for a preset number of charging and discharging cycles according to the service life prediction model;
when the current battery capacity retention rate is judged to be lower than the battery capacity retention rate threshold, taking the preset times as the service life of the cyclic charge and discharge of the power battery pack to be tested;
the method for acquiring the capacity retention rate of a plurality of initial batteries after the power battery pack to be detected is charged and discharged for a preset number of times after the power battery pack is charged and discharged in a charging and discharging cycle for the initial time comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining a power battery pack to be tested, placing the power battery pack in a preset environment bin, discharging according to a first preset charging and discharging rule, and discharging after charging to obtain a reference discharge capacity;
obtaining each discharge capacity of preset times of charge-discharge circulation by discharging after discharging according to a second preset charge-discharge rule after discharging;
and determining the capacity retention rate of a plurality of initial batteries after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for the initial preset times in a circulating mode according to the reference discharge capacity and the discharge capacity of each time.
2. The method for predicting the service life of the power battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining a plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for a preset number of times after a charging and discharging cycle is initiated, and establishing a service life prediction model by using the plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates as an original sequence of a gray model comprises the following steps:
acquiring a plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for a preset number of times in a charging and discharging cycle, and taking the initial battery capacity retention rates as an original sequence of a gray model;
accumulating the original sequences to obtain an accumulated sequence, then generating a mean value sequence and establishing a grey differential equation;
and determining the parameters to be identified in the gray differential equation by using a least square method, and establishing the service life prediction model according to the parameters to be identified and the whitening differential equation of the gray model.
3. The method for predicting the service life of the power battery pack according to claim 2, wherein the expression of the gray differential equation is as follows:
the expression of the whitening differential equation is as follows:
the life prediction model has the expression:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
in the form of an original sequence, the sequence is,
in order to accumulate the sequence of the data,
is a mean value sequence, a and b are parameters to be identified, alpha is a weight,
。
4. the power battery pack life prediction method of claim 1, further comprising:
in the process of predicting the current battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested after charge and discharge are cycled for a preset number of times according to the service life prediction model, judging whether the ratio of the current battery capacity retention rate to the next battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested is in a preset range;
if yes, continuing to execute the step of predicting the current battery capacity retention rate after the power battery pack to be tested is charged and discharged for the preset number of charging and discharging cycles according to the service life prediction model.
5. The method for predicting the service life of the power battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the step of predicting the current battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested after charging and discharging for a preset number of charging and discharging cycles according to the service life prediction model further comprises the following steps:
obtaining a predicted battery capacity retention rate after the life prediction model predicts the charge-discharge cycle of the power battery pack to be tested for a preset number of charge-discharge cycles;
acquiring the actually measured battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be measured after the power battery pack is correspondingly circulated for the preset times of charging and discharging;
judging whether the error between the predicted battery capacity retention rate and the actually-measured battery capacity retention rate is within a preset range;
and if so, executing a step of judging whether the current battery capacity retention rate is lower than a battery capacity retention rate threshold value.
6. The method for predicting the service life of the power battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the first preset charging and discharging rule comprises:
discharging the power battery pack to be tested to a discharge cut-off voltage by using a preset discharge current;
laying aside for a preset time;
charging the power battery pack to be tested to a charging cut-off voltage at a preset constant current of a charging current, standing for a preset time, then sequentially reducing the preset charging current at preset reduction amplitude, charging to the charging cut-off voltage, and standing for the preset time until the current residual electric quantity of the power battery pack to be tested reaches a preset residual electric quantity threshold value;
laying aside for a preset time;
discharging the power battery pack to be tested to a discharge cut-off voltage by using a preset discharge current so as to obtain a reference discharge capacity of the power battery pack to be tested;
the second preset charging and discharging rule comprises the following steps:
discharging the power battery pack to be tested to a discharge cut-off voltage by using a preset discharge current;
the method comprises the steps of sequentially shelving for preset time according to preset cycle times, charging the power battery pack to be detected to a charging cut-off voltage at a preset charging current constant current, standing for preset time, then sequentially reducing the preset charging current by preset reduction amplitude respectively, then charging to the charging cut-off voltage, and standing for preset time until the current residual electric quantity of the power battery pack to be detected reaches a preset residual electric quantity threshold value, shelving for preset time, and discharging the power battery pack to be detected to a discharging cut-off voltage according to preset discharging current, so that each discharging capacity of the preset charging and discharging cycle times of the power battery pack to be detected is obtained.
7. A power pack life prediction apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the system comprises an acquisition module, a service life prediction module and a service life prediction module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring a plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates of a power battery pack to be tested after the power battery pack is charged and discharged for a preset number of times in a charging and discharging cycle, and the initial battery capacity retention rates are used as an original sequence of a gray model to establish a service life prediction model;
the prediction module is used for predicting the current battery capacity retention rate of the power battery pack to be tested after charging and discharging for a preset number of charging and discharging cycles according to the service life prediction model;
the determining module is used for taking the preset times as the service life of the cyclic charge and discharge of the power battery pack to be tested when the current battery capacity retention rate is judged to be lower than a battery capacity retention rate threshold value;
the acquisition module comprises:
the first discharging unit is used for obtaining that the power battery pack to be tested is placed in a preset environment bin, discharging according to a first preset charging and discharging rule, and discharging after charging to obtain a reference discharging capacity;
the second discharging unit is used for obtaining the discharging capacity of the power battery pack to be tested, placing the power battery pack in a preset environment bin, discharging according to a second preset charging and discharging rule, and discharging after charging to obtain each discharging capacity of preset charging and discharging circulation times;
and the initial battery capacity retention rate determining unit is used for determining a plurality of initial battery capacity retention rates of the power battery pack to be tested after the power battery pack is charged and discharged for the initial preset times of charge and discharge cycles according to the reference discharge capacity and each discharge capacity.
8. A readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 when executing the program.
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