CN115166741B - Simplified model-based dual-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a simplified model-based dual-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method, which comprises the following steps: and extracting the volume scattering component according to the selected polarization coherent volume scattering model. And extracting the scattering weight and the interference covariance matrix of the surface scattering or even scattering components according to the dominant scattering characteristics. And for the surface scattering component, calculating the scattering weights of two phase centers and corresponding interference covariance matrixes by adopting a dual-phase center principle. And carrying out polarization chromatography spectrum estimation on each polarization chromatography decomposition amount. The invention aims to provide a simplified model-based dual-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method, which improves the interpretation effect of an algorithm on forest and other complex targets.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of a total polarization Synthetic Aperture Radar (TomoSAR), and particularly relates to a simplified model-based bi-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method.
Background
The polarimetric interference SAR chromatographic technique is the combination of SAR polarimetric and interference chromatographic techniques, so that the high-resolution imaging radar has the capabilities of target electromagnetic feature detection, target space structure and environment perception, and the polarimetric interference SAR chromatographic technique has further exploration space in the aspects of target detection, target identification, feature parameter extraction and the like. The polarization target decomposition theory is one of the most widely known theories in polarization signal processing, but the target decomposition algorithm combined with SAR chromatography is far less mature than the polarization target algorithm. At present, the algorithm based on the polarization chromatography target decomposition is complex to calculate, and the problem of multi-phase center is neglected, so that the method becomes one of the bottlenecks of the multi-dimensional information extraction technology for restraining the polarization interference SAR.
With the acquisition of mass data repeatedly navigated by airborne and spaceborne polarized SAR systems, the rigid condition for realizing the vertical distance synthetic aperture technology is provided. Multidimensional information extraction aiming at polarimetric interference tomography SAR data becomes a research hotspot in the field of novel SAR systems. However, the current understanding of the target decomposition algorithm of the polarimetric interference SAR tomography is still single, and the multi-phase center problem of the complex target is neglected when the polarimetric interference SAR tomography is decomposed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a simplified model-based dual-phase central polarization tomography decomposition method, which improves the interpretation effect of the algorithm on forest and other complex targets.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a dual-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method based on a simplified model comprises the following steps:
step 1, extracting a volume scattering component according to a selected polarization coherent volume scattering model;
step 2, extracting scattering weight and interference covariance matrix of surface scattering or even scattering components according to the dominant scattering characteristics;
step 3, calculating scattering weights of two phase centers and corresponding interference covariance matrixes by adopting a double-phase center principle for surface scattering components;
and 4, carrying out polarization chromatography spectrum estimation on each polarization chromatography decomposition amount.
Further, the step 1 comprises:
(1) Selecting a volume scattering model under a reflection symmetry or non-reflection symmetry condition;
(2) Interference chromatography matrix by polarizationRCalculator body scatter weightf v And corresponding interference coherence matrixC v ；
(3) Correcting interference covariance matrix to ensure that residual polarization chromatography matrix conforms to physical scattering mechanismC vn Determining Hermite matrix for half positive, and gradually reducing the weight of the scattering bodyf v To ensure a residual polarization chromatography matrixR r Also a semi-positive definite Hermite matrix;
(4) Calculating volume scattering component correspondences polarization coherence tomography matrix of (1).
Further, the step 2 comprises:
(1) Chromatography matrix according to residual polarizationR r Calculating characteristic parametersp；
(2) According to characteristic parameterspDetermining dominant scattering features in the remaining components;
(3) When in usep>When 1, considering that the surface scattering in the residual polarization chromatography matrix is dominant, simplifying an even-order scattering model, and calculating the weights of the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component and a corresponding interference coherence matrix;
(4) When in usep<When 1, considering that even-order scattering in the residual polarization chromatography matrix is dominant, simplifying a surface scattering model, and calculating the weights of surface scattering components and even-order scattering components and corresponding interference coherence matrixes;
(5) And correcting an interference covariance matrix of the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component, and calculating a polarization coherence tomography matrix corresponding to the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component.
Further, the step 3 comprises:
(1) For each phase center to be determined, calculating its corresponding interference coherence matrix
；
(2) Traverse phase center heightz 1 、z 2 (z min ,z max ) And weightf x1 ∈[0,f x ]Taking the height and weight value of two phase centers corresponding to the minimum norm of the polarization chromatography matrix difference between the two phase centers and the scattering component on the upper surface as a decomposition result, wherein,f x are the scatter component weights to be analyzed.
Further, the step 4 comprises:
and (3) calculating the polarization chromatography power spectrum of each scattering component at each elevation position:
wherein,
，
is toB a (z) The conjugate transpose is carried out, and the conjugate transpose is carried out,a(z) Is a vector of the direction of the guide,I (3×3) is a three-order identity matrix of the first order,tr()in order to trace the matrix, the matrix is,R x representing an even-order scattering or surface scattering polarization chromatography matrix.
Has the advantages that:
the method can be applied to feature extraction and scattering mechanism analysis of forest and other complex targets, and improves the interpretation effect of an algorithm on targets containing the dual-phase center.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a simplified model-based dual-phase central polarization tomography decomposition method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of chromatographic experimental data;
fig. 3a, fig. 3b, fig. 3c, fig. 3d are polarization chromatography decomposition power spectra, wherein fig. 3a is a bulk scattering component power spectrum, fig. 3b is a surface scattering component power spectrum, fig. 3c is an even scattering component power spectrum, and fig. 3d is a composite graph.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention carries out polarized target decomposition on polarized interference chromatography data into three scattering components of surface scattering, even scattering and body scattering, and obtains multidimensional scattering information of the target. And extracting the volume scattering component according to the selected polarization coherent volume scattering model. And extracting the scattering weight and the interference covariance matrix of the surface scattering or even scattering components according to the dominant scattering characteristics. And for the surface scattering component, calculating the scattering weights of two phase centers and corresponding interference covariance matrixes by adopting a dual-phase center principle. And carrying out polarization chromatography spectrum estimation on each polarization chromatography decomposition amount.
As shown in fig. 1, the dual-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method based on the simplified model of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
step 1, extracting a volume scattering component according to a selected polarization coherent volume scattering model, comprising the following steps:
(1) A volume scattering model under the reflection symmetry or non-reflection symmetry condition is selected.
Under the reflection symmetry condition, the surface scattering, even scattering and volume scattering models of the polarized coherent matrix are as follows:
wherein,f s is the weight of the scattering of the surface,βis a parameter of the scattering characteristics of the surface,f d is the weight of the even-order scatter,αis a characteristic parameter of even-order scattering,f v is the volume scattering weight, ts, td, tv are the surface scattering, even scattering and volume scattering models respectively;
under the non-reflection symmetric condition, a volume scattering model of the polarized coherent matrix is calculated by the following formula:
wherein,
wherein,nis a randomness parameter, θ is the average tilt angle;
(2) Interference chromatography matrix by polarizationRCalculating the volume scatter component weight of the partial elementf v And corresponding interference coherence matrixC v 。
Bulk scatter component weightsf v And its corresponding interference covariance matrixC v Covariance matrix of polarization-only tomographyRElements of (2N + 1.
For the case of reflection symmetry, the following calculation is used:
wherein,Nis the number of chromatographic observation channels and data symbolsdiagRepresenting the diagonal of the matrix, j being an imaginary unit, angle () representing the angle of the parameter in brackets,C vn rv is the polarization chromatography matrix of the bulk scatter component.
For the non-reflection symmetric condition, calculating a volume scattering model under the random randomness parameter n and the average dip angle theta parameterT v (θ) Weight of volume scatter componentf v And covariance matrix associated with corresponding steering vectorsC vn . Selecting a volume scattering model with the largest volume scattering weight for forest targetsT v (θ) And the corresponding interference covariance matrix:
(3) Correcting interference covariance matrix to ensure that residual polarization chromatography matrix conforms to physical scattering mechanismC vn A semi-positive Hermite matrix is determined, and the weight of the scattering component of the body is gradually reducedf v To ensure a residual polarization chromatography matrixR r Also a semi-positive definite Hermite matrix.
For a single phase-centered target, the scattering process may be determined by the phase-center heightz 0 Interference coherence process averaging of nearby L phase heightsAnd (4) showing. At a set elevation (z min ,z max ) Height of any phase center within rangez 0 The nearby interference covariance matrix can be calculated using the following equation:
wherein,a(z) Is a steering vector, the cross label indicates the transpose conjugate of the matrix,Lis a multi-view average number, z 0+i Is a height parameter. ComparisonC vn And
calculating the F norm of the matrix difference between the two, and taking the interference covariance matrix with the minimum matrix difference F norm
Is an interference covariance matrix estimate for the scattering process.
In order to ensure that the residual polarization chromatography matrix after the bulk scattering component is extracted is also a half positive definite Hermite matrix, the weight of the bulk scattering component is gradually reducedf v To ensure a residual polarization chromatography matrixR r Are all non-negative.
(4) And (3) calculating a polarized coherent chromatography matrix corresponding to the volume scattering components:
step 2, extracting scattering weight and interference covariance matrix of surface scattering or even scattering component according to the dominant scattering characteristic, comprising:
(1) Chromatography matrix according to residual polarizationR r =R－R v Calculating characteristic parametersp；
(2) According to characteristic parameterspAnd (3) determining the dominant scattering features in the residual component.
And judging the dominant scattering characteristics of the residual polarization chromatography matrix according to the following formula:
(3) When the temperature is higher than the set temperaturep>And 1, considering that the surface scattering in the residual polarization chromatography matrix is dominant, simplifying an even-order scattering model, and calculating the weights of the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component and a corresponding interference coherence matrix.
Namely whenp>When 1 hour, the surface scattering in the residual polarization chromatography matrix is considered to be dominant, and the even scattering model is simplified to ensure thatα=0, at this time:
wherein trace () represents the trace of the matrix,C sn representing the unmodified surface scattering interference covariance matrix;
the even-order scattering component can be calculated from the residual component after the surface scattering component is extracted:
wherein R is r_s To extract the remaining components after the surface scattering components,C dn representing the uncorrected even scattering interference covariance matrix;
(4) When in usep<And 1, considering that even-order scattering in the residual polarization chromatography matrix is dominant, simplifying a surface scattering model, and calculating the weights of the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component and a corresponding interference coherence matrix.
Namely whenp<1, considering that even-order scattering in the residual polarization chromatography matrix is dominant,simplify the surface scattering model, orderβ=0, at this time:
the surface scattering component can be calculated from the residual component after extracting the even-order scattering component:
(5) And correcting an interference covariance matrix of the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component, and calculating a polarization coherence tomography matrix corresponding to the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component.
Similar to the process of extracting the volume scattering component, the interference covariance matrix corresponding to the surface scattering and even-order scattering components is corrected and estimated
And
and through
And
and calculating polarization coherence chromatography matrixes corresponding to the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component.
And 3, calculating scattering weights of two phase centers and corresponding interference covariance matrixes by adopting a dual-phase center principle for the surface scattering components, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) For each to-be-determined phase center, calculating a corresponding interference coherent matrix
。
For each pending phase center, the scattering process (mechanism) is still assumed) Centered at a certain phase center heightz 0 Nearby, its corresponding interference coherence matrix can be represented as:
(2) Traverse phase center heightz 1 、z 2 (z min ,z max ) And weightf s1 ∈[0,f s ]And taking the height and the weighted value of two phase centers corresponding to the minimum difference of the polarization chromatography matrix of the two-phase center and the upper surface scattering component as decomposition results.
At the phase center heightz 1 、z 2 (z min ,z max ) And weightf x1 ∈[0,f s ]Next, the traversal calculation:
wherein,
，f s1 the weight of the surface scatter component for the first phase center position,C s1 is its corresponding interference coherence matrix and,f s -f s1 the weight of the surface scatter component at the second phase center position,C s2 is its corresponding interference coherence matrix. And taking the height of the two phase centers and the weight value corresponding to the minimum value as a decomposition result.
This step focuses on the surface scatter component, since for forest targets the case of a bi-phase center occurs when both diffuse scattering from the ground and diffuse scattering from the canopy occur in the same resolution cell. In fact the algorithm is applicable to other scattering types as well and the algorithm contains a single phase centre.
Step 4, carrying out polarization chromatography spectrum estimation on each polarization chromatography decomposition quantity, comprising the following steps:
and calculating the polarization chromatography power spectrum of each scattering component at each elevation position.
Wherein,
，a(z) Is a vector of the direction of the guide,I (3×3) is a three-order identity matrix of the first order,
is toB a (z) The conjugate transpose is carried out,tr()in order to trace the matrix,Rxrepresenting an even-order scattering or surface scattering polarization tomography matrix.
The experimental verification of the invention adopts the multi-base linear polarization interference SAR data from the European Space Administration (ESA) 2009 tropical Lin Jizai SAR remote sensing experiment (TropisAR 2009) which is composed of P-waveband full polarization SAR data obtained by 6-rail repeated flight. Airborne data was obtained at the research base of the library of the French yerba mate, 8 months in 2009, using the SETHI radar system developed by the French national aerospace research center (ONERA). The data has been calibrated and registered, and sub-images of the panoramic image are cut out for the polarization chromatography experiment, the cut-out region being shown in fig. 2. For a certain row of data (as shown in fig. 2) of the experimental image, firstly, based on PGA phase compensation, it can be found that even-order scattering mainly appears near the surface layer, body scattering mainly appears on the surface layer, but relatively weak surface scattering components also appear on the top layer of the tree crown, as shown in fig. 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d, by using the polarization chromatography decomposition power spectrum result under the non-reflection symmetric condition proposed by the present invention. Experimental results show that the scattering characteristics of the target are described more clearly and the scattering mechanism of the elevation distribution is more accurate based on the inversion of the elevation power spectrum of the polarization chromatography decomposition.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A simplified model-based dual-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, extracting a volume scattering component according to a polarization coherent volume scattering model;
step 2, extracting scattering weights and interference covariance matrixes of the surface scattering component and the even scattering component according to the dominant scattering characteristic, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Chromatography matrix according to residual polarizationR r Calculating characteristic parametersp；
(2) According to characteristic parameterspDetermining dominant scattering characteristics in the residual component;
(3) When in usep>1, surface scattering dominates in a residual polarization chromatography matrix, an even-order scattering model is simplified, and the weights of surface scattering components and even-order scattering components and corresponding interference coherent matrixes are calculated;
(4) When in usep<1, leading even-order scattering in the residual polarization chromatography matrix, simplifying a surface scattering model, and calculating the weights of the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component and a corresponding interference coherent matrix;
(5) Correcting an interference covariance matrix of the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component, and calculating a polarization coherence tomography matrix corresponding to the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component;
and 3, calculating scattering weights of two phase centers and corresponding interference covariance matrixes by adopting a dual-phase center principle for the surface scattering components, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) For each phase center to be determined, calculating its corresponding interference coherence matrix
；
(2) Traverse phase center heightz 1 、z 2 (z min ,z max ) And weightf x1 ∈[0,f x ]Taking the height and weight value of two phase centers corresponding to the minimum norm of the polarization chromatography matrix difference between the two phase centers and the surface scattering component as a decomposition result, wherein,f x is the weight of the scattering component to be analyzed;
and 4, carrying out polarization chromatography spectrum estimation on each polarization chromatography decomposition amount.
2. The simplified model-based dual-phase central polarization tomography decomposition method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step 1 comprises:
(1) Selecting a volume scattering model under a reflection symmetry or non-reflection symmetry condition;
(2) Interference chromatography matrix by polarizationRCalculating a volume scatter component weightf v And corresponding interference coherence matrixC v ；
(3) To ensure residual polarization chromatography matrixR r According with the physical scattering mechanism, the interference covariance matrix is correctedC vn A semi-positive Hermite matrix is determined, and the weight of the scattering component of the body is gradually reducedf v To ensure a residual polarization chromatography matrixR r Also a semi-positive definite Hermite matrix;
(4) And calculating a polarized coherent chromatography matrix corresponding to the volume scattering component.
3. The simplified model-based bi-phase central polarization tomography decomposition method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said step 4 comprises:
and (3) calculating the polarization chromatography power spectrum of each scattering component at each elevation position:
wherein,
，
is toB a (z) The conjugate transpose is carried out,a(z) Is a vector of the direction of the guide,I (3×3) is a three-order identity matrix of the first order,tr()in order to trace the matrix,R x and (3) representing an even scattering or surface scattering polarization chromatography matrix, wherein N is the number of chromatography observation channels.
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