CN115165213A - Combined type mass center measuring device and method based on double platforms - Google Patents
Combined type mass center measuring device and method based on double platforms Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined type mass center measuring device and method based on double platforms, which comprises a reference guiding rule, a movable platform, a working platform, a base, a calibration part and a distance measuring guiding rule; the upper end face of the base is provided with a guide rail, and the moving platform is arranged on the guide rail; the base is symmetrically provided with two moving platforms at left and right, a mounting hole of a reference guiding rule is reserved on the side surface of the moving platform at the left end, and the reference guiding rule is rigidly connected with the moving platforms through the mounting hole; the two working platforms are respectively arranged on the two moving platforms and can be driven by the moving platforms to generate vertical displacement; the two distance measuring guiding rules are arranged on the guide rails of the base through the sliding blocks, the distance between the moving platform and the two guide rails is measured, the distance and the deflection angle between the two platforms are calculated, position correction parameters are introduced into a mass center calculation formula, and finally the mass center is obtained. The invention can accurately obtain the relative position of the two platforms, introduces position correction parameters in the calculation formula and further eliminates the measurement error.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement, and particularly relates to a combined measuring device and an error elimination method thereof.
Background
The high-precision measurement of the mass center of mass has important significance in aerospace engineering. Generally, due to the fact that the structure of an aircraft is complex, components are multiple, and the actual centroid position is difficult to accurately determine through general theoretical calculation and simulation calculation, mass and centroid measurement must be conducted.
Common mass and mass center measuring methods comprise an unbalanced moment method, a three-point method, a double pendulum method and the like, and because the three-point method has a simple measuring structure and is safe and reliable in test, the three-point method is mostly adopted for measuring the mass and mass center of an oversized aircraft at present. The existing three-point method still has some problems in the field of mass and mass center measurement of an oversized aircraft: 1) Poor versatility and high tooling cost. According to the method, different clamping tools and supporting platforms need to be designed according to different measurement models, and the rigidity of the supporting platform and the supporting platform need to be required under the condition of meeting high-precision measurement, so that the supporting platform and the supporting platform occupy a large part of the actually measured weight, and the measurement precision is greatly influenced due to the increase of the measurement range of the sensor. 2) And the positioning between the measuring tool and the weighing sensor is difficult. The existing measuring equipment only uses a passive positioning method of matching a ball head with a plane and a ball socket, so that a stress point cannot be positioned in the center of a weighing sensor in multiple measurements, and the ball socket is easy to deform due to the overlarge weight of a piece to be measured, so that the weighing sensor bears lateral force, and huge measuring errors are introduced.
Therefore, the mass and mass center measuring equipment of the super-large aircraft, which is convenient, low in cost and high in universality, is lacked in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a combined type mass center measuring device and method based on double platforms, which comprises a reference guiding rule, a moving platform, a working platform, a base, a calibration piece and a distance measuring guiding rule; the upper end surface of the base is provided with a guide rail, and the mobile platform is arranged on the guide rail; the base is symmetrically provided with two moving platforms at left and right sides, the side surface of the moving platform at the left end is provided with a mounting hole of a reference guiding rule, and the reference guiding rule is rigidly connected with the moving platforms through the mounting hole; the two working platforms are respectively arranged on the two moving platforms and can be driven by the moving platforms to generate vertical displacement; the two distance measuring guiding rules are arranged on the guide rails of the base through the sliding blocks, the distance between the moving platform and the two guide rails is measured, the distance and the deflection angle between the two platforms are calculated, position correction parameters are introduced into a mass center calculation formula, and finally the mass center is obtained. The invention can accurately obtain the relative position of the two platforms, introduces position correction parameters in the calculation formula and further eliminates the measurement error.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps:
a combined type mass center measuring device based on double platforms comprises a reference guiding rule, a moving platform, a working platform, a base, a calibration piece and a distance measuring guiding rule;
two rows of parallel guide rails are arranged on the upper end face of the base, the moving platform is arranged on the guide rails of the base, and the moving platform can move on the base; the base is symmetrically provided with two moving platforms at left and right, a mounting hole of a reference guiding rule is reserved on the side surface of the moving platform at the left end, and the reference guiding rule is rigidly connected with the moving platforms through the mounting hole; the two working platforms are respectively arranged on the two moving platforms and can be driven by the moving platforms to generate vertical displacement; the distance measuring guiding ruler is arranged on a guide rail of the base through a sliding block and is positioned between the two movable platforms, and each guide rail of the base is respectively provided with one distance measuring guiding ruler;
the moving platform comprises a speed reducing motor, a first sliding block, a moving base, a platform positioning plate, a linear bearing, a lifter, a light shaft seat, a light shaft, a linear bearing seat, a weighing sensor, a sensor seat and a positioning groove; the first sliding blocks are fixed on the lower end face of the movable base and are arranged on two rows of parallel guide rails of the base; the speed reducing motor is arranged on the movable base and drives the elevator to work; the linear bearing seat is fixedly arranged on the movable base, and the linear bearing is arranged on the linear bearing seat; the upper end of the optical axis is fixed on the optical axis seat, and the lower end of the optical axis penetrates through the linear bearing for positioning, so that the movable platform can only move up and down; the platform positioning plate is fixedly connected with the optical axis base, and the top end of the lifter is connected with the middle of the lower end face of the platform positioning plate; each mobile platform is provided with three weighing sensors 15 which are respectively fixed on the mobile base through three sensor seats;
the working platform comprises a second sliding block, a roller assembly, a roller seat beam, a working platform base, a positioning frustum, a ball head assembly and a positioning block; each mobile platform is provided with a working platform; the lower end face of the workbench base is provided with a positioning frustum and a positioning block, the positioning frustum and the positioning block jointly form a positioning device which is respectively matched with a platform positioning plate and a positioning groove in the mobile platform, the platform positioning plate is provided with a conical groove, when the working platform is in a lifting state, the positioning frustum is just positioned in the conical groove of the platform positioning plate, and the positioning block is simultaneously positioned in the positioning groove, so that the working platform is ensured to keep a horizontal position when the working platform is lifted and lowered; the lower end face of the workbench base is also provided with three ball head assemblies, and the top points of the ball heads of the ball head assemblies are over against the center of the working face of the weighing sensor; the upper end surface of the workbench base is provided with a guide rail; the lower end of the roller seat cross beam is provided with a second sliding block, the second sliding block is arranged on a guide rail of the workbench base, and the roller seat cross beam can move left and right through the second sliding block; the front and the back of the beam of the roller seat are respectively provided with a roller component; when a to-be-measured piece is loaded, the cross beam of the roller seat is adjusted, so that the overall gravity center of the working platform is in the middle position of the three ball heads under the load condition, when the working platform descends to contact with the weighing sensors, the readings of the three weighing sensors are the same, and the measurement error caused by the fact that the working platform is not horizontal due to the deformation of the weighing sensors is eliminated;
the reference guiding rule comprises a guiding rule, a magnetic grid rule, a third sliding block, a guide rail and a reference guiding rule seat; the reference ruler rest base is rigidly connected with the mobile platform through a mounting hole; the guide rail is arranged on the reference ruler rest base, and the third sliding block is arranged on the guide rail; the magnetic grid ruler and the guiding ruler are arranged on the third sliding block, the guiding ruler can slide left and right along the guide rail, one of two sliding limit positions is the tail end of the guide rail, the other sliding limit position is the end surface of a piece to be detected, and the distance between the two limit positions can be read through the magnetic grid ruler;
the distance measuring guiding rule is used as a position reference to provide reference for relative positions of the two moving platforms, and the distance and deflection angle of the two working platforms are measured by moving to reach left and right limit positions;
the calibration piece is placed above the two working platforms when measurement is carried out, and is used for assisting in mass center calculation.
Preferably, the base is a steel frame welding piece, and the lower end face of the base is provided with a leveling foot margin, so that the leveling of the device is facilitated.
Preferably, the workbench base is integrally machined by aluminum profiles.
Preferably, four first sliding blocks are respectively installed at four corners of the lower end surface of the moving base.
A combined type mass center measuring method based on double platforms comprises the following steps:
step 1: adjusting foundation screws of the base to enable the measuring device to be in a horizontal state;
and 2, step: setting the relative positions of the two moving platforms according to the size of the piece to be measured, moving the distance measuring guiding rule, and reading; the distance and deflection angle alpha of the two working platforms are obtained through measurement, the measurement error caused by the position is eliminated, and the calculation formula is as shown in formula (1)
In the formula, delta x is the difference value of two distance measuring guiding rules, and l is the distance between two rows of guide rails on the base;
and step 3: enabling the working platform to be in a lifting state through the lifter, loading the calibration piece on the working platform, and moving and counting the reference guiding ruler;
and 4, step 4: the working platform is lowered through the lifter until the ball head falls on the weighing sensor, and the working platform is lifted after the numerical value of the weighing sensor is read;
and 5: after the calibration piece is rotated by 90 degrees, repeating the step 4;
and 6: replacing the calibration part with the part to be tested, and repeating the steps 3-5;
and 7: taking down the piece to be detected, and repeating the step 4 in an unloaded state;
and step 8: calculating the mass and the mass center of the piece to be measured, and converting the mass center of the piece to be measured into the distance from the mass center to the end face of the piece to be measured through a formula (1):
x c ＝b 1 +Δx c1 +x c1 -b 2 -Δx c2 (1)
in the formula, x c Is the distance from the center of mass of the part to be measured to the end face, b 1 For measuring the reading of the reference guiding rule when calibrating the calibration unit, Δ x c1 For measuring mass-centre solutions, x, of calibrated parts using the principle of static balance c1 Is the distance from the center of mass of the calibration piece to its end face, b 2 For measuring the reading of a reference guiding rule on a part to be measured, Δ x c2 The method is used for measuring the centroid solution of a to-be-measured piece by utilizing the static balance principle.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The measuring device comprises two measuring platforms, the distance between the two platforms can be adjusted according to the size of the piece to be measured, the special current situation of the traditional mass center measuring equipment model is greatly improved, the research and development cost and period are saved, and meanwhile, the platform can be designed into various specifications and models according to the load without considering the size of the piece to be measured, so that standardized production is carried out.
2) Aiming at heavy weight measurement, a set of reasonable positioning assembly is developed, and the supporting ball head can accurately fall on the center of the weighing sensor through accurate positioning of the working platform, so that the readings of the sensor can be kept consistent or at the same level as far as possible, thus greatly eliminating the measurement error caused by plane non-level due to the deformation of the weighing sensor and greatly improving the measurement accuracy of products.
3) By introducing the distance measuring guiding rule, the invention can accurately obtain the relative positions of the two platforms, including the distance and the deflection angle, can introduce position correction parameters into a calculation formula, and further eliminates measurement errors.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a front view and a side view of a reference fence of the present invention, (a) a front view, and (b) a side view.
Fig. 4 is a front view and a side view of the mobile platform of the present invention, (a) a front view, and (b) a side view.
Fig. 5 is a front view and a side view of the work platform of the present invention, (a) a front view, and (b) a side view.
In the figure: a1-reference running rule, A2-moving platform, A3-working platform, A4-base, A5-calibration component, A6-distance measuring running rule, 1-running rule, 2-magnetic ruler, 3-third sliding block, 4-guide rail, 5-reference running rule base, 6-speed reducing motor, 7-first sliding block, 8-moving base, 9-platform positioning plate, 10-linear bearing, 11-lifter, 12-optical shaft base, 13-optical shaft, 14-linear bearing base, 15-weighing sensor, 16-sensor base, 17-positioning groove, 18-second sliding block, 19-roller component, 20-roller base beam, 21-working platform base, 22-positioning frustum, 23-ball head component and 24-positioning block.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides high-precision combined type mass and mass center measuring equipment to meet the high-precision measurement requirements of measured pieces in different shapes and sizes.
In order to overcome the problem of poor universality of the traditional measuring equipment, the method adopts a double-platform combined measuring method, two platforms are respectively provided with a set of independent measuring system, and the relative position between the two platforms can be adjusted so as to meet the requirements of measured pieces of different models. The method designs a set of cone groove type positioning device, so that the ball head can be positioned at the central position of the sensor when ascending and descending, and the lateral force of the sensor is completely eliminated.
A combined type mass center measuring device based on double platforms comprises a reference guiding rule A1, a moving platform A2, a working platform A3, a base A4, a calibration part A5 and a distance measuring guiding rule A6;
two rows of parallel guide rails are arranged on the upper end face of the base A4, the moving platform A2 is arranged on the guide rails of the base A4, and the moving platform A2 can move on the base A4; the base A4 is symmetrically provided with two moving platforms A2 from left to right, a mounting hole of a reference guiding rule A1 is reserved on the side surface of the left moving platform A2, and the reference guiding rule A1 is rigidly connected with the moving platforms A2 through the mounting hole; the two working platforms A3 are respectively arranged on the two moving platforms A2 and can be driven by the moving platforms A2 to generate vertical displacement; the distance measuring guiding rule A6 is arranged on a guide rail of the base A4 through a sliding block, the position of the distance measuring guiding rule is between the two moving platforms A2, and one distance measuring guiding rule A6 is arranged on each guide rail of the base A4;
the moving platform A2 comprises a speed reducing motor 6, a first sliding block 7, a moving base 8, a platform positioning plate 9, a linear bearing 10, a lifter 11, an optical axis seat 12, an optical axis 13, a linear bearing seat 14, a weighing sensor 15, a sensor seat 16 and a positioning groove 17; the first sliding blocks 7 are fixed on the lower end face of the movable base 8, and the first sliding blocks 7 are installed on two rows of parallel guide rails of the base A4; the speed reducing motor 6 is arranged on the moving base 8, and the speed reducing motor 6 drives the lifter 11 to work; the linear bearing seat 14 is fixedly arranged on the movable base 8, and the linear bearing 10 is arranged on the linear bearing seat 14; the upper end of the optical axis 13 is fixed on the optical axis seat 12, and the lower end of the optical axis 13 penetrates through the linear bearing 10 for positioning, so that the movable platform A2 can only move up and down; the platform positioning plate 9 is fixedly connected with the optical axis base 12, and the top end of the lifter 11 is connected with the middle of the lower end face of the platform positioning plate 9; each moving platform A2 is provided with three weighing sensors 15 which are respectively fixed on the moving base 8 through three sensor seats 16;
the working platform A3 comprises a second sliding block 18, a roller assembly 19, a roller seat beam 20, a working platform base 21, a positioning frustum 22, a ball head assembly 23 and a positioning block 24; each mobile platform A2 is provided with a working platform A3; a positioning frustum 22 and a positioning block 24 are arranged on the lower end face of the workbench base 21, the positioning frustum 22 and the positioning block 24 jointly form a positioning device which is respectively matched with the platform positioning plate 9 and the positioning groove 17 in the movable platform A2, a conical groove is formed in the platform positioning plate 9, when the working platform A3 is in a lifting state, the positioning frustum 22 is just positioned in the conical groove of the platform positioning plate 9, and the positioning block 24 is simultaneously positioned in the positioning groove 17, so that the horizontal position of the working platform during lifting and descending is ensured; the lower end face of the workbench base 21 is also provided with three ball head assemblies 23, and the ball head top points of the ball head assemblies 23 are over against the center of the working face of the weighing sensor 15; a guide rail is arranged on the upper end surface of the workbench base 21; a second sliding block 18 is arranged at the lower end of the roller seat beam 20, the second sliding block 18 is arranged on a guide rail of a workbench base 21, and the roller seat beam 20 can move left and right through the second sliding block 18; the front and the back of the roller seat beam 20 are respectively provided with a roller assembly 19; when a to-be-measured piece is loaded, the roller seat beam 20 is adjusted, so that the overall gravity center of the working platform A3 is in the middle position of the three ball heads under the load condition, when the working platform A3 descends to be in contact with the weighing sensors 15, the readings of the three weighing sensors 15 are the same, and the measurement error caused by the fact that the working platform A3 is not horizontally introduced due to the deformation of the weighing sensors 15 is eliminated;
the reference guiding rule A1 comprises a guiding rule 1, a magnetic grid rule 2, a third sliding block 3, a guide rail 4 and a reference guiding rule base 5; the reference leaning rule base 5 is rigidly connected with the moving platform A2 through a mounting hole; the guide rail 4 is arranged on the reference ruler rest base 5, and the third sliding block 3 is arranged on the guide rail 4; the magnetic grid ruler 2 and the guiding ruler 1 are arranged on the third sliding block 4, the guiding ruler 1 can slide left and right along the guide rail 4, one of two sliding limit positions is the tail end of the guide rail, the other end of the guide rail is the end surface of a piece to be measured, and the distance between the two limit positions can be read through the magnetic grid ruler 2;
the distance measuring guiding rule A6 is used as a position reference to provide reference for relative positions of the two moving platforms A2, and the distance and deflection angle of the two working platforms A3 are measured by moving to the left limit position and the right limit position;
the calibration piece A5 is placed above the two working platforms A3 when measurement is carried out, and is used for assisting in centroid calculation.
Preferably, the base A4 is a steel frame welding piece, and the lower end face of the base A is provided with leveling feet, so that the device is convenient to level.
Preferably, the workbench base 21 is integrally machined by aluminum profile.
Preferably, four first sliding blocks 7 are respectively installed at four corners of the lower end surface of the moving base 8.
A combined type mass center measuring method based on double platforms comprises the following steps:
step 1: adjusting foundation screws of a base A4 to enable the measuring device to be in a horizontal state;
step 2: setting the relative positions of the two moving platforms A2 according to the size of a piece to be measured, moving the distance measuring guiding rule A6, and reading; the distance and the deflection angle alpha of the two working platforms A3 are obtained through measurement, the measurement error caused by the position is eliminated, and the calculation formula is shown as the formula (1)
In the formula, delta x is the difference value of two distance measuring guiding rules A6, and l is the distance between two rows of guide rails on a base A4;
and 3, step 3: enabling the working platform A3 to be in a lifting state through the lifter 11, loading the calibration part A5 on the working platform, and moving and counting the reference guiding ruler A1;
and 4, step 4: the working platform A3 is lowered through the lifter 11 until the ball head falls on the weighing sensor 15, and the working platform A3 is lifted after the numerical value of the weighing sensor is read;
and 5: after the calibration piece A5 is rotated by 90 degrees, repeating the step 4;
step 6: replacing the calibration part A5 with the part to be tested, and repeating the steps 3-5;
and 7: taking down the piece to be tested, and repeating the step 4 under the no-load state;
and 8: calculating the mass and the mass center of the piece to be measured, and converting the mass center of the piece to be measured into the distance from the mass center to the end face of the piece to be measured through a formula (2):
x c ＝b 1 +Δx c1 +x c1 -b 2 -Δx c2 (2)
in the formula, x c Is the distance from the center of mass of the part to be measured to the end face, b 1 For measuring the reading of the reference guiding rule on the calibration element, Δ x c1 For measuring mass-centre solutions, x, of calibrated parts using the principle of static balance c1 Is the distance from the center of mass of the calibration piece to its end face, b 2 For measuring the reading of a reference guiding rule on a part to be measured, Δ x c2 The method is used for measuring the centroid solution of a to-be-measured piece by utilizing the static balance principle.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
a combined measurement scheme based on a dual platform is adopted. The device is characterized by mainly comprising a base, a movable platform, a working platform, a distance measuring guiding rule and a reference guiding rule. Wherein the base is provided with a leveling base and two parallel guide rails. The two moving platforms are arranged on the base through the sliding blocks, so that the moving platforms can move on the base. Three weighing sensors and a lifting device are arranged on the mobile platform, the mounting position of the reference guiding rule is reserved on one of the mobile platforms, and the reference guiding rule is mounted on the mobile platform through rigid connection. The working platform is matched with the mobile platform through the positioning device, and the working platform and the mobile platform can generate relative displacement parallel to the vertical direction by means of the lifting device. And a distance measuring guiding rule is also arranged on each row of guide rails through a sliding block on the guide rails between the two moving platforms. When measuring, according to the size adjustment two moving platform between the distance of awaiting measuring piece, lock two moving platform, through two range finding guiding rulers, record two moving platform along two guide rails's distance, later when work platform rises the state, place the calibration piece on work platform, read out the distance of guiding ruler extreme position to awaiting measuring piece through the benchmark guiding ruler, work platform descends afterwards, until work platform falls on weighing sensor, read weighing sensor's numerical value, work platform rises, take off the calibration piece and change the piece that awaits measuring, repeat the above-mentioned step and read numerical value, later take off the piece that awaits measuring, make work platform descend once more and read the reading of weighing sensor under the no-load state, calibrate measuring device parameter in calculation software according to the known parameter of calibration piece, can solve out the quality barycenter of the piece that awaits measuring.
The base is a steel frame welding part, leveling feet are arranged at the lower end of the base, and two rows of sliding guide rails are longitudinally arranged at the upper end of the base.
The two moving platforms are symmetrically arranged on the base through the four guide rail sliding blocks, each moving platform is provided with a lifting device, each lifting device comprises a guide rod, a linear bearing seat, a lifter, a speed reducer, a positioning plate and a positioning groove, the positioning plate is rigidly connected with the guide rod, and when the lifter acts, the positioning plate only generates displacement in the vertical direction.
The working platform table-board is formed by integrally processing aluminum materials, three supporting ball heads are arranged on the lower end face of the working platform table-board, and the three ball heads fall on the weighing sensor when the working platform table-board descends. Meanwhile, the lower end face is also provided with a positioning boss and a positioning taper block which are matched with a positioning piece in the mobile platform, so that the working platform is positioned. The supporting component is arranged on the upper table surface of the working platform and consists of a roller seat beam, a roller seat and rollers, the roller seat is arranged on the upper table surface of the working platform through a guide rail sliding block, and the rollers are respectively arranged at two ends of the roller seat beam, so that the piece to be measured is just supported by the rollers and can rotate 360 degrees.
The reference running rule comprises a magnetic grid rule, a running rule seat, a running rule guide rail and a running rule, wherein the running rule seat is provided with a linear guide rail, the running rule is arranged on the running rule seat through a sliding block, the running rule can move linearly along the running rule seat, and when the running rule moves, the moving distance can be read through the magnetic grid rule.
The distance measuring running rule consists of a magnetic grid rule, a running rule and a running rule seat, wherein the running rule seat is installed on a guide rail of the base through a sliding block, the distance between the moving platform and the two guide rails can be measured by moving the running rule through the magnetic grid rule, the distance and the deflection angle of the two platforms are calculated, and position correction parameters are introduced into a mass center calculation formula.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the present embodiment is a set of dual platform-based mass and centroid measurement devices. The device mainly includes: the reference guiding rule A1, the moving platform A2, the working platform A3, the base A4, the calibration component A5 and the distance measuring guiding rule A6, wherein the reference guiding rule A1 comprises a guiding rule 1, a magnetic grid rule 2, a third sliding block 3, a guide rail 4 and a reference guiding rule base 5, the moving platform A2 comprises a speed reducing motor 6, a first sliding block 7, a moving base 8, a platform positioning plate 9, a linear bearing 10, a lifter 11, an optical axis base 12, an optical axis 13, a linear bearing base 14, a weighing sensor 15, a sensor base 16 and a positioning groove 17, and the working platform A3 comprises a second sliding block 18, a roller component 19, a roller base beam 20, a working platform base 21, a positioning cone 22, a ball head component 23 and a positioning block 24. The lower terminal surface of base A4 is equipped with the leveling lower margin, makes things convenient for the device leveling, and base A4 up end is equipped with two parallel guide rails, and moving platform A2 installs on base A4 through four first sliders 7 of terminal surface four corners department parallel mount under 8 of removal base, and through the cooperation of guide rail slider, moving platform A2 can move on base A4. Two moving platforms A2 are symmetrically installed on the base A4, an installation hole of a reference guiding rule A1 is reserved on the side face of one moving platform A2, and a reference guiding rule seat 5 in the reference guiding rule A1 is rigidly connected with the moving platform A2 through threaded connection. The lower end face of the working platform A3 is provided with a positioning frustum 22 and a positioning block 24, which jointly form a positioning device to be matched with the platform positioning plate 9 and the positioning groove 17 in the mobile platform A2, so that when the lifter 11 in the mobile platform A2 acts, the working platform A3 only generates displacement in the vertical direction by means of the positioning device. The distance measuring guiding rule A6 is also arranged on the guide rail of the base A4 through a sliding block, the position of the distance measuring guiding rule A6 is arranged between the two moving platforms A2, one distance measuring guiding rule is arranged on each guide rail, and the relative position of the moving platforms A2 is measured by moving the distance measuring guiding rule A6 to reach left and right limit positions.
The reference guiding rule A1 consists of a guiding rule 1, a magnetic grid rule 2, a third sliding block 3, a guide rail 4 and a reference guiding rule base 5, and is rigidly arranged on a moving platform. The guiding ruler 1 can slide left and right along the guide rail 4, one of two extreme positions of the guiding ruler is the tail end of the guide rail, the other end of the guide rail is the end face of a measured piece, the distance between the two extreme positions can be read out through the magnetic grid ruler, and the center of mass of the measured piece is converted into the distance from the center of mass to the end face of the measured piece through the following formula.
x c ＝b 1 +Δx c1 +x c1 -b 2 -Δx c2
In the formula, x c Is the distance from the center of mass of the part to be measured to the end face, b 1 For measuring the reading of the reference guiding rule when calibrating the calibration unit, Δ x c1 To use static balance principleCentroid solution, x, in physical measurement of calibration pieces c1 Is the distance from the center of mass of the calibration piece to its end face, b 2 For measuring the reading of a reference guiding rule on a part to be measured, Δ x c2 The method is used for measuring the centroid solution of a to-be-measured piece by utilizing the static balance principle.
The moving platform A2 of the invention is provided with two platforms which are respectively and symmetrically arranged on the guide rail of the base A4, and the distance for moving the two platforms can be adjusted according to the size of a piece to be measured. Each moving platform A2 is provided with three weighing sensors 15 which are arranged on the upper table surface of the moving base 8 through a sensor seat 16. Platform locating plate 9, linear bearing 10, lift 11, optical axis seat 12, optical axis 13, linear bearing seat 14 constitute elevating gear, and three optical axes 13 are installed through optical axis seat 12 to platform locating plate 9 lower extreme to this restriction platform locating plate 9's position makes it can only move in vertical direction.
The working platform A3 of the invention is provided with one platform on each moving platform A2, the base 21 of the working platform is integrally processed by aluminum section, three ball head assemblies 23 are arranged on the lower end surface, the top points of the ball heads are aligned to the center of the working surface of the weighing sensor 15, and a positioning device consisting of a positioning frustum 22 and a positioning block 24 is also arranged on the lower end. The upper end face of the working platform is provided with a roller seat beam 20, two roller assemblies 19 are arranged in front of and behind each roller seat beam 20, the roller seat beams 20 can move left and right through guide rail sliders, in a loading state, the roller seat beams 20 can be adjusted, so that the overall gravity center of the working platform A3 is located at the middle positions of three ball heads under a loading condition, and when the working platform A3 descends to the weighing sensors 15, readings of the three weighing sensors 15 are the same or kept at the same level, so that measurement errors caused by the fact that the working platform A3 is not horizontal due to deformation of the weighing sensors 15 are eliminated. In addition, two sets of roller base beams 20 can be provided on the table base 21, and when the workpiece to be measured is small, a single working platform A3 can be used for measurement.
The distance measuring guiding rule A6 is provided with two sets and is parallelly arranged on two rows of guide rails of the base A4, when equipment is assembled, the distance measuring guiding rule A6 can be used as a position reference to provide reference for relative positions of two moving platforms A2, meanwhile, in equipment measurement, the distance and deflection angle of the two working platforms A3 can be measured by moving the distance measuring guiding rule A6 to the left limit position and the right limit position, a correction parameter, namely the distance l of the two platforms is introduced in centroid calculation, and the deflection angle alpha of the two platforms is further eliminated. Wherein α is calculated as follows:
in the formula, Δ x is the difference between the two distance measuring guiding rules A6, and l is the distance between the two rows of guide rails on the base A4.
The positioning device adopts the matching of a platform positioning plate 9 and a positioning frustum 22, and a positioning groove 17 and a positioning block 24. The platform positioning plate 9 is provided with a conical groove, when the working platform A3 is in a rising state, the positioning frustum 22 is just positioned in the conical groove of the platform positioning plate 9, and the positioning block 24 is also positioned in the positioning groove 17, so that the horizontal position of the working platform when rising and falling is ensured.
The measurement implementation steps of the invention are as follows:
1) And adjusting foundation screws of a base A4 to enable the whole device to be in a horizontal state.
2) And moving the relative positions of the two moving platforms A2 according to the piece to be measured, locking, moving the distance measuring guiding rule A6, and reading in the calculation software.
3) And loading the calibration piece when the working platform A3 is in a lifting state, and moving the reference guiding rule A1 to read out the reading in the calculation software.
4) The elevator acts, the working platform A3 descends until the ball head falls on the weighing sensor 15, and the working platform A3 is lifted after the numerical value of the weighing sensor is read in the calculation software.
5) And (5) after the calibration piece is rotated by 90 degrees, repeating the step (4).
6) Taking down the calibration part, replacing the calibration part with the part to be tested, and repeating the steps 3) -5).
7) And (5) taking down the piece to be detected, and repeating the step (4) under the no-load state.
8) And calculating the mass and the mass center of the piece to be measured in the calculation software.
In conclusion, the device provides a set of high-precision, convenient and quick mass centroid measuring device, and adopts a double-platform mode, so that the problem of platform positioning is reasonably solved, and the universality of measuring equipment is greatly improved.
Claims (5)
1. A combined type mass center measuring device based on double platforms is characterized by comprising a reference guiding rule, a movable platform, a working platform, a base, a calibration part and a distance measuring guiding rule;
two rows of parallel guide rails are arranged on the upper end face of the base, the moving platform is arranged on the guide rails of the base, and the moving platform can move on the base; the base is symmetrically provided with two moving platforms at left and right, a mounting hole of a reference guiding rule is reserved on the side surface of the moving platform at the left end, and the reference guiding rule is rigidly connected with the moving platforms through the mounting hole; the two working platforms are respectively arranged on the two moving platforms and can be driven by the moving platforms to generate vertical displacement; the distance measuring guiding ruler is arranged on a guide rail of the base through a sliding block and is positioned between the two movable platforms, and each guide rail of the base is respectively provided with one distance measuring guiding ruler;
the movable platform comprises a speed reducing motor, a first sliding block, a movable base, a platform positioning plate, a linear bearing, a lifter, an optical axis seat, an optical axis, a linear bearing seat, a weighing sensor, a sensor seat and a positioning groove; the first sliding blocks are fixed on the lower end face of the movable base and are arranged on two rows of parallel guide rails of the base; the speed reducing motor is arranged on the movable base and drives the elevator to work; the linear bearing seat is fixedly arranged on the movable base, and the linear bearing is arranged on the linear bearing seat; the upper end of the optical axis is fixed on the optical axis seat, and the lower end of the optical axis penetrates through the linear bearing for positioning, so that the mobile platform can only move up and down; the platform positioning plate is fixedly connected with the optical axis base, and the top end of the lifter is connected with the middle of the lower end face of the platform positioning plate; each mobile platform is provided with three weighing sensors 15 which are respectively fixed on the mobile base through three sensor seats;
the working platform comprises a second sliding block, a roller assembly, a roller seat beam, a working platform base, a positioning frustum, a ball head assembly and a positioning block; each mobile platform is provided with a working platform; the positioning device is composed of a positioning frustum and a positioning block, the positioning frustum and the positioning block are matched with a platform positioning plate and a positioning groove in the mobile platform respectively, a conical groove is formed in the platform positioning plate, when the working platform is in a lifting state, the positioning frustum is just positioned in the conical groove of the platform positioning plate, and the positioning block is positioned in the positioning groove at the same time, so that the working platform is ensured to keep a horizontal position when the working platform ascends and descends; the lower end face of the workbench base is also provided with three ball head assemblies, and the top points of the ball heads of the ball head assemblies are over against the center of the working face of the weighing sensor; the upper end surface of the workbench base is provided with a guide rail; the lower end of the roller seat cross beam is provided with a second sliding block, the second sliding block is arranged on a guide rail of the workbench base, and the roller seat cross beam can move left and right through the second sliding block; the front and the back of the beam of the roller seat are respectively provided with a roller component; when a to-be-measured piece is loaded, the cross beam of the roller seat is adjusted, so that the overall gravity center of the working platform is in the middle position of the three ball heads under the load condition, when the working platform descends to contact with the weighing sensors, the readings of the three weighing sensors are the same, and the measurement error caused by the fact that the working platform is not horizontal due to the deformation of the weighing sensors is eliminated;
the reference guiding rule comprises a guiding rule, a magnetic grid rule, a third sliding block, a guide rail and a reference guiding rule seat; the reference ruler rest base is rigidly connected with the mobile platform through a mounting hole; the guide rail is arranged on the reference ruler rest base, and the third sliding block is arranged on the guide rail; the magnetic grid ruler and the guiding ruler are arranged on the third sliding block, the guiding ruler can slide left and right along the guide rail, one of two sliding limit positions is the tail end of the guide rail, the other sliding limit position is the end surface of a piece to be detected, and the distance between the two limit positions can be read through the magnetic grid ruler;
the distance measuring guiding rule is used as a position reference to provide reference for relative positions of the two moving platforms, and the distance and deflection angle of the two working platforms are measured by moving to the left limit position and the right limit position;
the calibration piece is placed above the two working platforms when measurement is carried out, and is used for assisting in mass center calculation.
2. The combined type mass center measuring device based on the double platforms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base is a steel frame welding part, and the lower end face of the base is provided with leveling feet, so that the device is convenient to level.
3. The combined type mass center measuring device based on the double platforms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the workbench base is integrally machined by aluminum profiles.
4. The dual-platform-based combined centroid measuring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein four first sliding blocks are respectively mounted at four corners of a lower end face of the moving base.
5. A measuring method using the measuring apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step 1: adjusting foundation screws of the base to enable the measuring device to be in a horizontal state;
step 2: setting the relative positions of the two moving platforms according to the size of the piece to be measured, moving the distance measuring guiding rule, and reading; the distance and the deflection angle alpha of the two working platforms are obtained through measurement, the measurement error caused by the position is eliminated, and the calculation formula is shown as the formula (1)
In the formula, delta x is the difference value of two distance measuring guiding rulers, and l is the distance between two rows of guide rails on the base;
and 3, step 3: enabling the working platform to be in a lifting state through the lifter, loading a calibration part on the working platform, moving the reference guiding rule and counting;
and 4, step 4: the working platform is lowered through the lifter until the ball head falls on the weighing sensor, and the working platform is raised after the numerical value of the weighing sensor is read;
and 5: after the calibration piece is rotated by 90 degrees, repeating the step 4;
step 6: replacing the calibration part with the part to be tested, and repeating the steps 3-5;
and 7: taking down the piece to be tested, and repeating the step 4 under the no-load state;
and 8: calculating the mass and the mass center of the piece to be measured, and converting the mass center of the piece to be measured into the distance from the mass center to the end face of the piece to be measured through a formula (1):
x c ＝b 1 +Δx c1 +x c1 -b 2 -Δx c2 (1)
in the formula, x c Is the distance from the center of mass of the part to be measured to the end face, b 1 For measuring the reading of the reference guiding rule when calibrating the calibration unit, Δ x c1 For measuring mass-centre solutions, x, of calibrated parts using the principle of static balance c1 Is the distance from the center of mass of the calibration piece to its end face, b 2 For measuring the reading of a reference guiding rule on a part to be measured, Δ x c2 The method is used for measuring the centroid solution of a to-be-measured piece by utilizing the static balance principle.
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