CN115163291A

CN115163291A - Air turbocharging system

Info

Publication number: CN115163291A
Application number: CN202210734950.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张奇; 张国炜; 杜发荣; 韩树军
Original assignee: Beihang University
Current assignee: Beihang University
Priority date: 2022-06-27
Filing date: 2022-06-27
Publication date: 2022-10-11

Abstract

The invention discloses an air turbocharging system, which comprises an exhaust gas turbine module, an air supercharger, a power transmission module and a lubricating module, wherein the exhaust gas turbine module is connected with an exhaust port of a combustion chamber of an engine, and a turbine rotor of the exhaust gas turbine module is driven by exhaust gas discharged by the engine to generate torque; the power transmission module is arranged between the exhaust gas turbine module and the air supercharger and used for transmitting torque; the lubricating module is arranged in a machine cover of the air supercharger; the air supercharger is driven by the power transmission module to supercharge the entering fresh air and convey the fresh air to the combustion chamber of the engine. According to the invention, the bearing seat is arranged in the space surrounded by the air supercharger cover, so that the axial length is effectively reduced, and the space waste is reduced; the independent lubricating module of the invention adopts the special lubricating oil of the supercharger, thereby preventing the problem of poor lubricating performance caused by lubricating the supercharger by using the lubricating oil of the engine.

Description

Air turbocharging system

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of engines, and particularly relates to a novel air turbocharging system adopting a novel layout and a lubricating system.

Background

On the whole structure, the current turbocharger can be divided into three parts: the compressor, the intermediate body, the turbine, the compressor and the turbine are respectively fixedly mounted on an air inlet pipeline and an exhaust manifold of the engine. The turbine utilizes the inertia impulsive force of the exhaust gas discharged by the engine to push a turbine in a turbine chamber, the turbine drives a coaxial compressor impeller, and the impeller pumps the air sent by an air filter pipeline to pressurize the air to enter a cylinder; the intermediate is responsible for lubrication and power transmission.

Turbochargers operate at higher loads and may reach internal temperatures of up to 750 ℃. To ensure that the temperature of the floating ring bearing does not exceed a specified value, the turbocharger intermediate requires a good lubrication system. The lubricating system mainly comprises an oil outlet, an oil inlet, a floating ring bearing, a central rotor, an oil duct and the like.

Current turbocharger lubrication systems use a spill bearing system that relies on the engine lubrication system and operate as follows: firstly, lubricating oil enters a lubricating oil channel of the turbocharger from an oil inlet of the turbocharger; then, lubricating oil enters the turbocharger through a lubricating oil channel and enters the floating ring bearing and the central rotor part through an oil channel; and finally, driving the floating ring bearing to operate under the high-speed operation of the central rotor of the turbocharger. Because the floating ring bearing mainly comprises the floating ring and the lubricating oil hole, the lubricating oil enters between the bearing bush and the floating ring and enters between the floating ring and the central rotor through the lubricating oil hole, and the lubricating oil gradually forms a lubricating oil film in the floating ring bearing, so that the turbocharger can normally run.

Conventional turbocharger lubrication systems use flooded journals or ball bearings located intermediate the turbine and compressor housings, such bearing assemblies being mounted vertically in the lubrication system of the engine, from which hot oil is constantly pumped. In many cases, particularly for large-scale production of turbocharged engines, such bearing assemblies have a separate cavity through which the engine coolant can flow to help cool the bearings.

This type of lubrication system is not very effective at hot stops: first, excessive lubrication can cause greater drag; second, the oil is not specifically designed for high speed ball bearing after market turbochargers and therefore does not provide optimal lubrication conditions; third, when the turbocharged engine runs poorly, the lubrication oil and the turbine may reach extreme temperatures. Under these conditions, shutting down the engine stops the oil flow, thereby allowing the lubricating oil to stagnate in the turbine and burn, leading to bearing wear and premature turbine failure; and fourthly, the lubricating system and the bearing are close to the exhaust turbine system, namely the hot end of the whole system is positioned in the middle of the whole system, the influence of the hot end is easy to be caused, and the air convection cooling is difficult to be utilized.

In addition, such an overall system layout may also have adverse effects on the force. Because the engine has a requirement on the air intake temperature, which cannot be too high or too low, the air needs a long condensation duct to be connected to the engine air inlet after being turbocharged. The condensing pipe is not rigid and has weaker bearing capacity, and in the traditional layout, because the traditional structure is positioned in the middle, and the heavier air supercharger and the exhaust turbine are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end, the whole weight distribution is uniformly distributed at the two ends, so that the opening of the condensing pipe connected with the air supercharging end needs to bear nearly half of the weight of the system, the structural damage of the system is easily caused, and stronger vibration can be caused.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an air turbocharging system, which has the following specific technical scheme:

an air turbocharging system comprises an exhaust gas turbine module, an air supercharger, a power transmission module and a lubricating module, wherein,

the exhaust gas turbine module is connected with an exhaust port of a combustion chamber of the engine, and a turbine rotor of the exhaust gas turbine module is driven by exhaust gas discharged by the engine to generate torque;

the power transmission module is arranged between the exhaust gas turbine module and the air supercharger and is used for transmitting torque; the lubricating module is arranged in a machine cover of the air supercharger;

the air supercharger is driven by the power transmission module to supercharge the entering fresh air and convey the fresh air to the combustion chamber of the engine.

Further, the exhaust gas turbine module comprises a turbine shell with a turbine rotor arranged inside, an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet are arranged on the turbine shell, the exhaust gas inlet is used for receiving exhaust gas discharged from a combustion chamber of the engine, and the exhaust gas outlet is used for discharging the exhaust gas.

Further, in the air booster compressor, the cover with the turbine casing butt joint of exhaust-gas turbine module forms the whole shell of air turbocharging system, the inside impeller that sets up of cover, simultaneously, lubrication module installs in the cover, fresh air gets into from the air intake the drive of impeller is carried for engine combustion chamber air inlet after the pressurization.

Further, the power transmission module comprises a transmission shaft, a ball roller bearing and a bearing seat,

the bearing block is fixed at the axle center of a cover of the air supercharger, an oil suction pipeline is arranged in the bearing block, the ball roller bearing is installed on the bearing block, and the transmission shaft is axially installed and fixed on an inner ring of the ball roller bearing through interference fit; the impeller of the air supercharger is in close proximity to the turbine rotor of the exhaust gas turbine module, both of which are mounted on the drive shaft by a key connection.

Further, the lubricating module comprises an oil storage chamber and an oil suction rope, wherein a cavity outer shell of the oil storage chamber is cast on a cover of the air supercharger, and lubricating oil is filled in the cavity outer shell; the oil suction rope is arranged in the bearing seat, one end of the oil suction rope is soaked in the lubricating oil in the oil storage chamber, the other end of the oil suction rope is in a loose state, the lubricating oil sucked from the oil storage chamber is scattered into oil mist, and the ball roller bearing is lubricated.

Furthermore, the oil suction rope takes polypropylene as a main rope system, and a polypropylene fiber woven auxiliary rope is tied and wound on the main rope system.

Furthermore, a thermal insulation layer is laid on one side, close to the impeller, of the turbine shell of the exhaust gas turbine module, the thermal insulation layer takes a vacuum thermal insulation plate as a base layer, and a layer of glass fiber is laid on two sides of the base layer.

Further, the cover of air booster compressor with the turbine casing of exhaust gas turbine module passes through the clamp connection, the outside of clamp uses the alloy steel material, the cooperation the cover of air booster compressor with the turbine casing outer fringe casting of exhaust gas turbine module forms, and the inboard is sealed with the rubber circle.

Furthermore, the number of the oil suction ropes is two, and the two oil suction ropes are respectively arranged in the two oil suction pipelines in the bearing seat.

The two oil suction ropes are respectively arranged in the two oil suction pipelines in the bearing block.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention changes the layout, changes the position of the bearing seat from the position between the air supercharger and the exhaust gas turbine module to the axis position of the cover of the air supercharger, and installs the bearing seat in the space surrounded by the air supercharger cover, compared with the traditional method that the bearing seat is installed between the air supercharger cover and the exhaust gas turbine shell, the axial length is effectively reduced, and the space waste is reduced; meanwhile, because the turbine shell of the exhaust gas turbine module is simultaneously suspended with the air supercharger, the power transmission module and the lubricating module, the invention changes the main stress from being equally distributed to the air inlet and the air outlet of the engine into single-side support on the exhaust manifold of the engine, thereby effectively reducing the possibility of structural deformation.

2. The invention designs an independent lubricating module, adopts special lubricating oil for the supercharger and prevents the problem of poor lubricating performance caused by lubricating the supercharger by using the lubricating oil of the engine.

3. The invention uses the oil suction rope to suck oil mist to lubricate the ball roller bearing, compared with the traditional method that the bearing is soaked in lubricating oil, the invention effectively reduces the running resistance of the bearing, avoids using an overflow design and realizes an independent bearing lubricating system with almost no friction.

4. The whole lubricating system is arranged on two sides of the air inlet and exhaust channel, so that the gas exchange process of the supercharging system is not blocked, the problem of lubricating oil overheating caused by stopping heat convection exchange after the engine is stopped is avoided, and the defects that a turbine timer is complex in structure and easy to damage are also avoided.

5. The bearing seat is in full contact with the outside air, and the outside air can be fully utilized for convection cooling.

Drawings

In order to illustrate embodiments of the present invention or technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings which are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, so that the features and advantages of the present invention can be understood more clearly by referring to the drawings, which are schematic and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way, and for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained on the basis of these drawings without any inventive effort. Wherein:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a turbocharger system in a conventional layout;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional flow schematic of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the lubrication system;

fig. 6 is an isometric view of a wick.

The reference numbers illustrate:

1-a machine cover, 2-a suction rope, 3-an oil storage chamber, 4-a hoop, 5-a thermal insulation layer, 6-a turbine shell, 7-an exhaust gas outlet, 8-a turbine rotor, 9-an exhaust gas inlet, 10-a transmission shaft, 11-an impeller, 12-a suction pipeline, 13-a ball roller bearing, 14-a bearing seat and 15-an air inlet.

Detailed Description

In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein and, therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

As shown in fig. 1, a sectional view of a turbocharger system with a conventional layout is shown, a bearing seat is arranged between an air compressor and an exhaust turbine, a heavier air supercharger and the exhaust turbine are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end, and the whole weight distribution is uniformly distributed at the two ends, so that a condensing pipe port connected with the air supercharging end needs to bear approximately half of the weight of the system, the structural damage of the system is easily caused, and stronger vibration is caused.

The invention aims to design a turbocharger system with a novel structure, the bearing seat is changed from the position between the air turbocharger and the exhaust gas turbine module to the axis position of the cover of the air turbocharger by changing the layout, and the bearing seat is arranged in the space surrounded by the air turbocharger cover; meanwhile, because the turbine shell of the exhaust gas turbine module is simultaneously suspended with the air supercharger, the power transmission module and the lubricating module, the invention changes the main stress from being equally distributed to the air inlet and the air outlet of the engine into single-side support on the exhaust manifold of the engine, thereby effectively reducing the possibility of structural deformation.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 2-3, an air turbocharging system includes an exhaust gas turbine module, an air supercharger, a power transmission module, and a lubrication module, wherein,

the exhaust gas turbine module is connected with an exhaust port of a combustion chamber of the engine, and a turbine rotor 8 of the exhaust gas turbine module is driven by exhaust gas discharged by the engine to generate torque;

the power transmission module is arranged between the exhaust gas turbine module and the air supercharger and used for transmitting torque; the lubricating module is arranged in a machine cover 1 of the air supercharger;

the air booster is driven by the power transmission module to boost the entering fresh air and convey the fresh air to the engine combustion chamber.

Because the oiling system is separate from the engine, a suitable lubricant can be used for the precision ball bearing instead of lubricating with engine oil, external air cooling can be fully utilized, and heat conduction at the exhaust turbine end is reduced.

In some embodiments, the exhaust turbine module comprises a turbine housing 6 with a turbine rotor 8 disposed therein, the turbine housing 6 having an exhaust gas inlet 9 and an exhaust gas outlet 7, the exhaust gas inlet 9 being configured to receive exhaust gas from a combustion chamber of the engine, and the exhaust gas outlet 7 being configured to discharge exhaust gas.

In some embodiments, in the air supercharger, the cover 1 and the turbine housing 6 of the exhaust turbine module are butted to form an integral housing of the air turbocharging system, the impeller 11 is arranged inside the cover 1, meanwhile, the lubricating module is installed in the cover 1, and fresh air enters from the air inlet 15 and is pressurized under the driving of the impeller 11 and then is delivered to the air inlet of the engine combustion chamber.

In some embodiments, the power transmission module comprises a transmission shaft 10, a ball roller bearing 13 and a bearing seat 14, wherein the bearing seat 14 is fixed at the axial center position of the cover 1 of the air supercharger, an oil suction pipeline 12 is arranged inside the bearing seat 14, the ball roller bearing 13 is installed on the bearing seat 14, and the transmission shaft 10 is axially installed and fixed on an inner ring of the ball roller bearing 13 through interference fit; the impeller 11 is in close proximity to the turbine rotor 8 and both are keyed on the drive shaft 10.

Preferably, the impeller 11 of the air supercharger and the rotor 8 of the exhaust gas turbine module are cast directly fixed in one piece with the drive shaft 10.

Change the axle center position of the cover of air booster compressor with the position of bearing frame between air booster compressor and the exhaust-gas turbine module, install the bearing frame in the space that the air booster cover surrounds, compare and install the bearing frame between air booster cover and exhaust-gas turbine shell in traditional approach, effectively reduced axial length, reduced the space waste.

The whole lubricating system is arranged on two sides of the air inlet and exhaust channel, so that the gas exchange process of the supercharging system cannot be blocked, the problem of lubricating oil overheating caused by stop of heat convection exchange cannot be generated after the engine is stopped, and the defects that the structure of the turbine timer is complex and the turbine timer is easy to damage are avoided.

In some embodiments, the lubricating module comprises an oil chamber 3 and a suction rope 2, wherein the cavity housing of the oil chamber 3 is cast on the cover 1 of the air supercharger, and the inside of the cavity housing is filled with lubricating oil; the oil suction rope 2 is disposed in the bearing seat 14, one end of the oil suction rope is soaked in the lubricating oil in the oil storage chamber 3, and the other end of the oil suction rope is in a loose state, so that the lubricating oil sucked from the oil storage chamber 3 is dispersed into oil mist to lubricate the ball roller bearing 13. Compared with the traditional method in which the bearing is soaked in lubricating oil, the method effectively reduces the running resistance of the bearing, avoids the use of an overflow design, and realizes an independent bearing lubricating system almost free of friction.

In some embodiments, the wick 2 is a polypropylene primary wick and a polypropylene fiber braided secondary wick is wrapped around the primary wick.

In some embodiments, in order to prevent the high-temperature exhaust gas in the exhaust gas turbine module from heating the air supercharger and the transmission system and causing the abnormal operation of the transmission lubricating system, a heat insulating layer 5 is laid on one side of the turbine housing 6 of the exhaust gas turbine module, which is close to the impeller 11, the heat insulating layer 5 takes a vacuum heat insulating plate as a base layer, and a layer of glass fiber is laid on both sides of the base layer.

In some embodiments, in order to prevent the internal connection from not tightly leading to air leakage, the cover 1 of the air supercharger and the turbine housing 6 of the exhaust gas turbine module are connected through a clamp 4, the outer side of the clamp 4 is made of alloy steel materials, the outer edges of the cover 1 of the air supercharger and the turbine housing 6 of the exhaust gas turbine module are matched and cast, and the inner side is sealed by a rubber ring.

In some embodiments, there are two wick 2, one in each of the two suction ducts 12 in the bearing housing 14.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the recitation of a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may include the recitation of the first and second features being in direct contact, and may also include the recitation that the first and second features are not in direct contact, but are in contact via another feature between them. Also, the first feature "on," "above" and "over" the second feature may include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the present invention, the terms "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "plurality" means two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An air turbocharging system, which is characterized by comprising an exhaust gas turbine module, an air supercharger, a power transmission module and a lubricating module, wherein,

the exhaust gas turbine module is connected with an exhaust port of a combustion chamber of the engine, and a turbine rotor (8) of the exhaust gas turbine module is driven by exhaust gas discharged by the engine to generate torque;

the power transmission module is arranged between the exhaust gas turbine module and the air supercharger and used for transmitting torque; the lubricating module is arranged in a cover (1) of the air supercharger;

the air supercharger is driven by the power transmission module to supercharge the entering fresh air and convey the fresh air to the engine combustion chamber.

2. The air turbocharging system according to claim 1, wherein, said exhaust gas turbine module comprises a turbine housing (6) with a turbine rotor (8) disposed therein, an exhaust gas inlet (9) and an exhaust gas outlet (7) are provided on the turbine housing (6), said exhaust gas inlet (9) is used for receiving exhaust gas from the engine combustion chamber, and said exhaust gas outlet (7) is used for discharging exhaust gas.

3. The air turbocharging system according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the air supercharger, the cover (1) and the turbine housing (6) of the exhaust gas turbine module are butted to form an integral housing of the air turbocharging system, the cover (1) is internally provided with an impeller (11), and meanwhile, the lubricating module is installed in the cover (1), fresh air enters from an air inlet (15) and is pressurized under the driving of the impeller (11) and then is delivered to an air inlet of a combustion chamber of an engine.

4. The air turbocharging system according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the power transmission module comprises a drive shaft (10), a ball roller bearing (13) and a bearing seat (14),

the bearing seat (14) is fixed at the axis position of a cover (1) of the air supercharger, an oil suction pipeline (12) is arranged in the bearing seat, the ball roller bearing (13) is installed on the bearing seat (14), and the transmission shaft (10) is axially installed and fixed on an inner ring of the ball roller bearing (13) through interference fit; the impeller (11) of the air supercharger is in close proximity to the turbine rotor (8) of the exhaust gas turbine module, both of which are mounted on the drive shaft (10) by means of a keyed connection.

5. The air turbocharging system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said lubricating module comprises an oil reservoir (3) and a wick (2), wherein the housing of the oil reservoir (3) is cast on the cover (1) of the air supercharger and is internally filled with lubricating oil; the oil suction rope (2) is arranged in the bearing seat (14), one end of the oil suction rope is soaked in the lubricating oil in the oil storage chamber (3), the other end of the oil suction rope is in a loose state, the lubricating oil sucked from the oil storage chamber (3) is scattered into oil mist, and the ball roller bearing (13) is lubricated.

6. The air turbocharging system according to claim 5, wherein said wick (2) is a polypropylene primary wick and a polypropylene fiber woven secondary wick is wound around the primary wick.

7. The air turbocharging system according to claim 3, wherein a thermal insulation layer (5) is laid on one side of the turbine housing (6) of the exhaust gas turbine module close to the impeller (11), the thermal insulation layer (5) takes a vacuum insulation panel as a base layer, and a layer of glass fiber is laid on both sides of the base layer.

8. The air turbocharging system according to claim 3, wherein the cover (1) of the air turbocharger and the turbine housing (6) of the exhaust gas turbine module are connected by a clamp (4), the outside of the clamp (4) is made of an alloy steel material, the cover (1) of the air turbocharger and the turbine housing (6) of the exhaust gas turbine module are fitted to each other, the outer edges of the cover (1) and the turbine housing are cast, and the inside is sealed by a rubber ring.

9. The air turbocharging system according to claim 5, wherein said suction line (2) is two, respectively arranged in two of said suction ducts (12) within said bearing housing (14).