CN115161439B - Method for manufacturing a chain and chain obtained by such a method - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing a chain and chain obtained by such a method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115161439B CN115161439B CN202210858242.9A CN202210858242A CN115161439B CN 115161439 B CN115161439 B CN 115161439B CN 202210858242 A CN202210858242 A CN 202210858242A CN 115161439 B CN115161439 B CN 115161439B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 37
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 35
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 30
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/42—Induction heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D3/00—Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor
- C21D3/02—Extraction of non-metals
- C21D3/06—Extraction of hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0087—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for chains, for chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/60—After-treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The present application relates to a chain manufacturing method and a chain obtained by the method. The manufacturing method of the chain comprises the following steps: the primary chain is made of steel, wherein the steel contains chromium, molybdenum, nickel and manganese, and the total content of the chromium, the molybdenum, the nickel and the manganese is 3-6wt%; quenching the primary chain; tempering the primary chain after quenching treatment, wherein the tempering temperature is 450-530 ℃; and performing zinc impregnation treatment on the primary chain after tempering treatment to obtain the chain. The chain manufactured by the method has high mechanical strength while having corrosion resistance, so that good balance of the corrosion resistance and the strength of the chain is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of chains, in particular to a chain manufacturing method and a chain obtained by the method.
Background
Chains are typically metallic links that can be used in a variety of different applications. For example, chains are used in the field of mining engineering, in the field of marine, marine and mechanical engineering.
The mining chain is a matched chain used on a mining scraper conveyor and a scraper conveyor, is an important component of a frame of three machines in a coal mine, is an important device for continuously discharging coal, and is also a consumable product which is extremely easy to damage. Coal is used as a main energy source for a long time in China, a part of large coal reserves are arranged under the ground, and the coal mining needs to overcome the difficulty of various geological environments. Aiming at the coal mine with high sulfur and phosphorus content, a mining chain with high strength and high corrosion resistance is required.
With the development of ships, ocean engineering and machinery industry, the application of high-strength mooring chains and lifting chains is more and more extensive, and the products are required to be in service under the corrosion conditions of seaside, seawater and the like, and high requirements on corrosion resistance are also provided.
The traditional chain anticorrosion method comprises hot spraying aluminum, hot galvanizing and the like. Thermal aluminum spraying is expensive and the coating is consumed too fast under wear-resistant conditions. The hot galvanizing needs to acid-wash the chain ring in advance, and hydrogen embrittlement is easy to generate for high-strength chain steel. Other surface treatments also tend to reduce the performance of the link itself, affecting use. It has been proposed to improve the corrosion resistance of the chain by the zincification treatment, but the strength of the finished product of the chain is often greatly reduced by the zincification treatment, which adversely affects the mechanical properties of the chain itself and prevents the normal use of the chain in industrial fields where high strength is required.
Therefore, a method for manufacturing a chain is needed to solve the technical problem that the corrosion resistance and the strength of the chain cannot be considered in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a chain manufacturing method and a chain obtained by the method, so as to solve the technical problem that the corrosion resistance and the strength of the chain cannot be considered in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present application, there is provided a chain manufacturing method including the steps of: s1: the primary chain is made of steel, wherein the steel contains chromium, molybdenum, nickel and manganese, and the total content of the chromium, the molybdenum, the nickel and the manganese is 3-6wt%; s2: quenching the primary chain; s3: tempering the primary chain after quenching treatment, wherein the tempering temperature is 450-530 ℃; s4: and performing zinc impregnation treatment on the primary chain after tempering treatment to obtain the chain.
Preferably, the quenching treatment includes: and carrying out primary heat treatment on the primary chain, and then cooling by water, wherein the temperature of the primary heat treatment is 850-980 ℃ and the time is 5-10 minutes.
Preferably, the tempering treatment comprises: and carrying out secondary heat treatment on the primary chain after quenching treatment, and then cooling by water, wherein the temperature of the secondary heat treatment is 450-530 ℃ and the time is 5-10 minutes.
Preferably, the zincating treatment comprises: placing the primary chain after tempering treatment in a zincification furnace, and preserving heat at the zincification temperature; preferably, the zincating temperature is lower than the tempering temperature; more preferably, the zinc impregnation temperature is 430-490 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 7-8 hours; preferably, the primary oven is cooled to 90-110 ℃ after incubation, and then air cooled to room temperature.
Preferably, step S1 comprises: the steel is subjected to hydrogen diffusion annealing treatment to obtain a hydrogen diffusion annealing product, the hydrogen diffusion annealing product is made into an initial chain, and the hydrogen diffusion annealing treatment preferably comprises the steps of placing the steel in a temperature range of 580-650 ℃ and preserving heat for 8-12 hours.
Preferably, the quenching treatment and the tempering treatment are performed in an intermediate frequency induction furnace.
Preferably, the method further comprises: after tempering and before zincating, the primary chain is subjected to surface shot blasting, preferably at a shot blasting speed of 0.5-0.8 m/min.
Preferably, step S4 includes: and (3) carrying out zincating treatment on the primary chain after tempering treatment to obtain a zincating product, and then carrying out passivation treatment on the zincating product to obtain the chain, wherein the passivation treatment is preferably carried out by adopting a chromium-free passivating agent.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a chain obtained by the chain manufacturing method of the above aspect.
Preferably, the test sample of the chain isThe mass loss rate in 240h under the condition of neutral salt fog is not more than 30g/m 2 The mass loss rate in 720 hours under the simulated seawater peri-immersion condition is not more than 250g/m 2 The minimum breaking stress is not lower than 800MPa, and the breaking elongation is not lower than 12%.
Aiming at the problem that the corrosion resistance and the strength of the chain cannot be considered in the prior art, the application adopts the steel containing 3 to 6 weight percent of chromium, molybdenum, nickel and manganese as the raw material for manufacturing the chain, and carries out quenching treatment, tempering treatment at 450 to 530 ℃ and subsequent zincating treatment on the prepared primary chain, so that the finally manufactured chain has the corrosion resistance and simultaneously obtains higher mechanical strength, thereby realizing good balance of the corrosion resistance and the strength of the chain.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 schematically shows a block diagram of a partially open loop chain obtained during a chaining process according to an embodiment of the method of the application.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples.
In order to obtain a good balance of chain corrosion resistance and chain strength, according to one aspect of the present application, there is provided a chain manufacturing method comprising the steps of:
s1: the primary chain is made of steel, wherein the steel contains chromium, molybdenum, nickel and manganese, and the total content of the chromium, the molybdenum, the nickel and the manganese is 3-6wt%;
s2: quenching the primary chain;
s3: tempering the primary chain after quenching treatment, wherein the tempering temperature is 450-530 ℃,
s4: and performing zinc impregnation treatment on the primary chain after tempering treatment to obtain the chain.
According to the application, by adjusting the alloy elements in the raw materials of the steel, the steel contains chromium, molybdenum, nickel and manganese, and the total content of the chromium, the molybdenum, the nickel and the manganese is 3-6wt% (based on the total weight of the steel), so that on one hand, the corrosion resistance and the weather resistance of a chain product can be improved, and on the other hand, the tempering stability of the chain can be improved, and the strength of the chain can be improved to a certain extent. In particular, by making the total content of chromium, molybdenum, nickel and manganese in the steel raw material 3-6wt%, the chain product of the application can obtain higher mechanical strength even though the chain product is subjected to tempering and zincating treatment steps.
The primary chain is quenched, so that the chain has good strength and hardness; the primary chain is tempered, so that the chain has good toughness and ductility; the primary chain is subjected to zinc impregnation treatment, so that the chain has good corrosion resistance.
It is known that tempering treatment can improve toughness of a chain, but inevitably results in a decrease in strength of the chain, and meanwhile, zinc impregnation treatment can improve corrosion resistance of the chain, but often results in a decrease in strength of the chain, so that a chain product subjected to tempering and zinc impregnation treatment generally has lower mechanical properties than a conventional chain product. However, the present application surprisingly found that by selecting an appropriate tempering temperature, controlling the tempering temperature to be between 450 and 530 c, a chain product having both good corrosion resistance and higher strength can be obtained, based on a chain steel raw material having a total content of chromium, molybdenum, nickel and manganese of 3 to 6 wt%. The chain strength can be significantly higher than the standard value (the standard value is 800 MPa).
The method of the application can overcome a plurality of defects of the existing anti-corrosion method. The application utilizes the zinc impregnation to carry out the anti-corrosion treatment, and adopts quenching and tempering treatment at a specific temperature in a matching way before the zinc impregnation, so that the chain manufacturing method can avoid hydrogen permeation and hydrogen embrittlement to fracture caused by electroplating and acid washing in the surface treatment process of the chain, can replace a zinc plating method, has better cost and construction safety than other methods such as hot spraying aluminum, and has wide application prospect. The chain product obtained by the method has greatly improved service life due to good strength and corrosion resistance.
The quenching treatment may, for example, increase the hardness, strength and wear resistance of the chain. Quenching is typically performed by heating the workpiece to a suitable temperature and holding it for a period of time, followed by rapid cooling by immersion in a quenching medium. The heating temperature can be selected and adjusted based on the workpiece raw material and the performance requirements of the workpiece, and the quenching medium can be water, mineral oil, air and the like. In the present application, it is preferable that the quenching treatment includes, for an initial chain made of a specific steel material: and carrying out primary heat treatment on the primary chain, and then cooling by water, wherein the temperature of the primary heat treatment is 850-980 ℃ and the time is 5-10 minutes. According to the application, through optimizing quenching parameters, the chain product with higher strength can be obtained by adopting the quenching temperature, time and water cooling process.
The tempering treatment is generally aimed at improving the toughness and ductility of the chain, but in the present application, in order to achieve both high chain strength and high chain corrosion resistance, it is proposed to perform the tempering treatment at a specific temperature range prior to the zincating treatment. Preferably, the tempering treatment in the present application includes: and carrying out secondary heat treatment on the primary chain after quenching treatment, and then cooling by water, wherein the temperature of the secondary heat treatment is 450-530 ℃ and the time is 5-10 minutes. The tempering temperature, tempering time and water cooling process are based on the specific chain steel raw materials and the performance requirements on strength and corrosion resistance, and the inventor makes parameter optimization. Under the above process conditions, a higher strength chain product can be obtained than under other tempering conditions.
In order to make the chain product have higher corrosion resistance, the zincification treatment is carried out after the tempering treatment. In particular, the zincating treatment comprises: placing the primary chain after tempering treatment in a zincification furnace, and preserving heat at the zincification temperature; preferably, the zincating temperature is lower than the tempering temperature; more preferably, the zinc impregnation temperature is 430-490 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 7-8 hours; preferably, after incubation, the primary strand oven is cooled to 90-110 ℃ (more preferably to 100 ℃) and then air cooled to room temperature. The selection of the galvanizing temperature and time can have a certain influence on the corrosion resistance and strength of the chain product. The higher the temperature is, the longer the heat preservation time is, the larger the thickness of the zinc-impregnation layer is, and the stronger the corrosion resistance of the chain is; however, if the temperature is too high and the holding time is too long, the strength of the chain is adversely affected. The application preferably provides a zincating temperature below the tempering temperature and it has surprisingly been found that this may be advantageous to further increase the mechanical strength of the chain product. More particularly, the application finds that when the temperature range of 430-490 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 7-8 hours are adopted, good corrosion resistance and relatively high chain strength can be ensured to the greatest extent through optimizing the zinc impregnation parameters.
The inventors have unexpectedly found that an optimal balance of chain corrosion resistance and chain strength can be achieved based on the specific chain steel raw material of the present application, i.e. steel having a total content of alloying elements chromium, molybdenum, nickel and manganese of 3 to 6 wt.%, by setting the zincating temperature below the tempering temperature, in particular 450 to 530 c, and setting the zincating temperature at 430 to 490 c.
The steel material selected according to the application is preferably subjected to a hydrogen-diffusion annealing prior to the production of the chain, in addition to ensuring a total content of chromium, molybdenum, nickel and manganese of 3 to 6% by weight. Preferably, step S1 of the above method comprises: and carrying out hydrogen diffusion annealing treatment on the steel to obtain a hydrogen diffusion annealed product, and preparing the hydrogen diffusion annealed product into the primary chain. Preferably, the hydrogen diffusion annealing treatment comprises placing the steel material in a temperature range of 580-650 ℃ and preserving the heat for 8-12 hours. The hydrogen diffusion annealing treatment can reduce the hydrogen content in the material and prevent hydrogen-induced delayed fracture during use. Before chain making, the hydrogen content in the material can be verified, for example, two tensile samples can be taken from the material, one tensile sample is directly tested to measure the reduction of area Z2, the other tensile sample is kept at the temperature ranging from 200 ℃ to 300 ℃ for 3 to 4 hours, and the reduction of area Z1 is measured, if Z1/Z2 is not less than 0.95, the hydrogen content is reduced to a proper level, and the hydrogen-induced delayed fracture can be prevented to a certain extent.
In a preferred embodiment, the step S1 further includes: and stretching the hydrogen diffusion annealing product to form a bar stock, spraying titanium dioxide powder on the surface of the bar stock, heating the bar stock to 850-950 ℃, and braiding the chain at the temperature range, thereby obtaining the chain. Before chaining, titanium dioxide powder is sprayed on the surface of the bar stock, so that oxide skin during processing can be reduced, and the surface quality of the chain ring is ensured; when the chain is braided, the temperature is controlled between 850 and 950 ℃, which can ensure the ring shape and reduce the stress.
In a preferred embodiment, both the quenching and tempering treatments in the process of the present application may be carried out in an intermediate frequency induction furnace. The intermediate frequency induction furnace has the advantages of fast heating speed, high production efficiency, strong adaptability, flexible use, convenient starting operation and the like, and the complete equipment of the intermediate frequency induction furnace comprises: the device comprises a power supply, an electric appliance control part, a furnace body part, a transmission device and a water cooling system. In a preferred embodiment, the intermediate frequency induction furnace used in the present application may comprise a plurality of heating furnace body parts with different temperature ranges, and at least two water cooling systems. In a specific implementation mode of the method, the primary chain enters an intermediate frequency induction furnace, and is driven by a transmission device to pass through a furnace body part with the temperature of 850-980 ℃ for 5-10 minutes for first heat treatment, and then passes through a water cooling system, so that quenching treatment is completed; the primary chain continues to advance, passes through the furnace body part with the temperature of 450-530 ℃ for 5-10 minutes, carries out secondary heat treatment, and then passes through a water cooling system to finish tempering treatment; finally, the primary chain is sent out of the medium frequency induction furnace.
After tempering and before zincating, the primary chain may also be subjected to surface shot blasting, preferably at a shot blasting speed of 0.5-0.8 m/min. By the method, foreign substances such as rust and oil stains on the surface of the primary chain link, which possibly affect surface treatment, can be removed, and meanwhile, a compressive stress layer is added on the surface of the link, so that the fatigue performance in the use process is improved. After shot blasting, the surface can be carefully inspected through magnetic powder or penetration inspection, any crack or indication of the length exceeding 3.2mm can be removed through a polishing mode, and the rotation direction of the grinding wheel can be parallel to the rolling direction of the material during polishing so as to prevent defects or grinding marks from becoming stress corrosion or hydrogen weak points in the using process. Through the steps, the mechanical properties of the chain product of the application can be further improved. More preferably, the quality of the chain weld seam can be checked by a tensile test and reaches the specified required size before the zincification treatment, and the tensile test stress is 770-820 MPa.
In the method of the present application, in the above step S4, it is preferable to perform a zincification treatment on the primary chain after the tempering treatment to obtain a zincification product, and then perform a passivation treatment on the zincification product to obtain a chain product. The passivation film can be used for separating the chain from the corrosion medium and preventing the chain from contacting with the corrosion medium, so that the chain metal forms a passive state to achieve the effect of corrosion resistance. More preferably, the passivation treatment may be performed with a chromium-free passivating agent for environmental protection purposes.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a chain obtained by adopting the chain manufacturing method of the above aspect. The total content of chromium, molybdenum, nickel and manganese in the steel raw material is 3-6wt%, and quenching treatment, tempering treatment at 450-530 ℃ and zincating treatment are carried out in the manufacturing process, so that the chain product has good corrosion resistance and higher mechanical strength, and good balance of the chain corrosion resistance and the chain strength is realized.
In a preferred embodiment, the test pieces of the chain according to the application have a mass loss rate of not more than 30g/m in 240 hours under neutral salt spray conditions 2 The mass loss rate in 720 hours under the simulated seawater peri-immersion condition is not more than 250g/m 2 The minimum breaking stress is not lower than 800MPa, and the breaking elongation is not lower than 12%.
The chain can be used as a mining chain, an anchor chain, a mooring chain and a hoisting chain, and can be applied to the field of mining engineering and the fields of ships, oceans and mechanical engineering.
According to a specific embodiment, the specific production process of the chain of the application can comprise blanking, heating, braiding, welding, weld joint deburring, shaping, heat treatment, tension test, pairing, shot blasting, charging, heating, heat preservation, cooling, washing, passivation, washing, drying and warehousing.
Step one: the raw materials are blanked according to the required length.
Step two: the unit is heated and looped to obtain the shape shown in figure 1.
Step three: and (3) closing the ring opening in the second step by using flash butt welding, and forming another straight arm part after welding is finished.
Step four: and removing the material beyond the base material part after welding fusion.
Step five: the dimensions are further adjusted by reshaping.
Step six: and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the semi-finished product, wherein an intermediate frequency induction heat treatment furnace is selected as the heat treatment furnace, the quenching temperature is controlled to be 850-980 ℃, and the tempering temperature is controlled to be 450-530 ℃ to obtain the required mechanical properties.
Step seven: and carrying out a tensile test on the chain after heat treatment, wherein the tensile load can be checked and accepted when the tensile load reaches above a specified required load.
Step eight: the overall length of the chain after pulling is measured, and the pairing of two chains is carried out according to the chain pairing length tolerance table.
Step nine: the appearance condition of the workpiece to be treated is checked, the workpiece is derusted by adopting a shot blasting process, foreign matters possibly affecting surface treatment such as rust and greasy dirt on the surface of the chain ring can be removed through the step, and meanwhile, a compressive stress layer is added on the surface of the chain ring, so that the fatigue performance in the use process is improved.
Step ten: and (3) charging and zincating, controlling the temperature to be 430-490 ℃, keeping the temperature for 7-8 hours, cooling the furnace to 100 ℃ and performing air cooling.
Step eleven: after the infiltration member is fully cooled to room temperature, cleaning auxiliary materials, screw thread parts and floating dust on the inner surface and the outer surface in the infiltration member, checking whether the infiltration member is severely scratched, bumped or crushed, and sampling and checking the thickness of an infiltration layer to meet the requirements.
Step twelve: after the zinc impregnation, passivating the chain, and washing the passivated part with water to improve the appearance of the zinc impregnation product or further improve the corrosion resistance of the zinc impregnation layer.
Step thirteen: and after the workpiece is dried, packaging and warehousing.
The advantageous effects of the present application will be further described below with reference to examples.
Chain manufacturing
Example 1:
the chain was produced using a steel material containing Cr, mo, ni, mn and having a total content of Cr+Mo+Ni+Mn of 3.2%.
Step one: the raw materials are blanked according to the required length.
Step two: the machine set is heated and the ring is braided.
Step three: and (3) closing the opening in the second step by using flash butt welding, and forming another straight arm part after welding is finished.
Step four: and removing the material beyond the base material part after welding fusion.
Step five: the dimensions are further adjusted by reshaping.
Step six: and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the semi-finished product, wherein a medium-frequency induction heat treatment furnace (a water-cooling system) is selected as the heat treatment furnace, the quenching is controlled at 850 ℃, the quenching time is 8 minutes, the tempering is controlled at 450 ℃, and the tempering time is 8 minutes.
Step seven: and carrying out a tensile test on the chain after heat treatment, wherein the chain is checked and accepted when the tensile load reaches above a specified required load.
Step eight: the overall length of the chain after pulling is measured, and the pairing of two chains is carried out according to the chain pairing length tolerance table.
Step nine: checking the appearance condition of the workpiece to be processed, and adopting a shot blasting process to remove rust on the workpiece, wherein the shot blasting speed is 0.5m/min.
Step ten: and (3) charging, carrying out zinc impregnation treatment, controlling the temperature to 430 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 7 hours, and cooling the furnace to 100 ℃ for air cooling.
Step eleven: after the infiltration member is fully cooled to room temperature, cleaning auxiliary materials, screw thread parts and floating dust on the inner surface and the outer surface in the infiltration member, checking whether the infiltration member is severely scratched, bumped or crushed, and sampling and checking the thickness of an infiltration layer to meet the requirements.
Step twelve: after the zinc impregnation, the chain is subjected to chromium-free passivation treatment, and the passivated part is washed with water, so that the appearance of the zinc impregnation product is improved or the corrosion resistance of the zinc impregnation layer is further improved.
Step thirteen: and after the workpiece is dried, packaging and warehousing.
Example 2:
in this example, the chain was manufactured in a similar manner to example 1, except that:
producing a chain by using steel with the total content of Cr+Mo+Ni+Mn of 4.6%;
quenching is controlled at 980 ℃, and tempering is controlled at 520 ℃.
The zincification temperature is controlled to 490 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 hours.
Example 3:
in this example, the chain was manufactured in a similar manner to example 1, except that:
producing a chain by using steel with the total content of Cr+Mo+Ni+Mn being 3%;
quenching is controlled at 880 ℃, and tempering is controlled at 460 ℃.
The zincification temperature is controlled to 440 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 hours.
Example 4:
in this example, the chain was manufactured in a similar manner to example 1, except that:
producing a chain by using steel with the total content of Cr+Mo+Ni+Mn being 6%;
quenching is controlled at 900 ℃ and tempering is controlled at 530 ℃.
The zincification temperature is controlled to 480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 7 hours.
Example 5:
in this example, the chain was manufactured in a similar manner to example 1, except that:
and (3) before blanking in the step one, carrying out hydrogen diffusion annealing treatment on the raw materials, wherein the temperature is 580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours.
Example 6:
in this example, the chain was manufactured in a similar manner to example 1, except that:
and (3) before blanking in the step one, carrying out hydrogen diffusion annealing treatment on the raw materials, wherein the temperature is 650 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 hours.
Example 7:
in this example, the chain was manufactured in a similar manner to example 1, except that:
the shot blasting speed in the step nine is 0.8m/min.
Example 8:
in this example, the chain was manufactured in a similar manner to example 1, except that:
the zincification temperature was controlled to 480 ℃.
Comparative example 1:
in this comparative example, chain manufacturing was performed in a similar manner to example 1, except that:
the chain is produced by using steel with 2 percent of total content of Cr+Mo+Ni+Mn.
Comparative example 2:
in this comparative example, chain manufacturing was performed in a similar manner to example 1, except that:
a steel material with a total content of Cr+Mo+Ni+Mn of 7% is used for producing the chain.
Comparative example 3:
in this comparative example, chain manufacturing was performed in a similar manner to example 1, except that:
tempering was controlled at 400 ℃.
Comparative example 4:
in this comparative example, chain manufacturing was performed in a similar manner to example 1, except that:
tempering was controlled at 540 ℃.
Comparative example 5:
in this comparative example, the chain was manufactured using the same materials and manner as in example 1, except that:
no zincification treatment was performed.
Comparative example 6:
in this comparative example, the chain was manufactured using the same materials and manner as in example 2, except that:
no zincification treatment was performed.
Testing and results
The test pieces of the chain products obtained in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to performance tests using the national standard method. Specifically, a neutral salt spray test method is adopted to measure the mass loss rate of the sample after 240 hours; measuring the mass loss rate of the sample after 720 hours by adopting a periodic soaking test method; two tensile samples are taken from the material by comparison, one direct test is used for measuring the reduction of area Z2, the other direct test is used for preserving heat for 3-4 hours at the temperature of 200-300 ℃, the reduction of area Z1 is measured, and the ratio of Z1/Z2 is used for evaluating the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of the material.
The measurement results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from comparing the test results of the test specimens of the above examples and comparative examples, examples 1 to 8 according to the method of the present application each obtained a chain having high strength and high corrosion resistance, and the mass loss rate of the obtained chain in 240 hours under neutral salt spray conditions was not more than 30g/m 2 The mass loss rate in 720 hours under the simulated seawater peri-immersion condition is not more than 250g/m 2 The minimum breaking stress is not lower than 800MPa, and the breaking elongation is not lower than 12%.
In comparison with the method of the present application, comparative examples 1 to 4 failed to obtain a good balance of both chain strength and corrosion resistance due to the total content of chromium, molybdenum, nickel and manganese in the steel raw material used being too low or too high, or due to the tempering treatment being too low or too high.
By comparing the results of example 1 and example 8, it was found that by setting the tempering temperature higher than the zincating temperature, the chain strength could be better improved, achieving a better balance of chain strength and corrosion resistance.
By comparing the results of example 1 and examples 5 and 6, it was found that the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity coefficient of the chain can be further reduced by subjecting the steel material to a hydrogen-diffusion annealing treatment before chain making.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (12)
1. A method of manufacturing a chain, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: the primary chain is made of steel, wherein the steel contains chromium, molybdenum, nickel and manganese, and the total content of the chromium, the molybdenum, the nickel and the manganese is 3-6wt%;
s2: quenching the primary chain;
s3: tempering the primary chain after quenching treatment;
s4: performing zinc impregnation treatment on the primary chain after tempering treatment to obtain the chain,
the tempering treatment includes: carrying out a second heat treatment on the primary chain after quenching treatment, then cooling by water, wherein the temperature of the second heat treatment is 450-530 ℃ and the time is 5-10 minutes,
the zincification treatment comprises the following steps: placing the primary chain after tempering treatment in a zincification furnace, and preserving heat at the zincification temperature; the zincification temperature is lower than the tempering temperature, the zincification temperature is 430-490 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 7-8 hours.
2. The chain manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the quenching treatment includes: and carrying out primary heat treatment on the primary chain, and then cooling by water, wherein the temperature of the primary heat treatment is 850-980 ℃ and the time is 5-10 minutes.
3. The chain manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the zincification treatment further comprises: after heat preservation, the primary chain furnace is cooled to 90-110 ℃, and then air-cooled to room temperature.
4. A chain manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein step S1 comprises: and carrying out hydrogen diffusion annealing treatment on the steel to obtain a hydrogen diffusion annealing product, and preparing the hydrogen diffusion annealing product into the primary chain.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the hydrogen diffusion annealing treatment comprises placing the steel material at a temperature ranging from 580 to 650 ℃ and maintaining the temperature for 8 to 12 hours.
6. A chain manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the quenching treatment and the tempering treatment are performed in an intermediate frequency induction furnace.
7. A method of manufacturing a chain according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: after the tempering treatment and before the zincating treatment, the primary chain is subjected to surface shot blasting.
8. The chain manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein in the surface shot blasting, a shot blasting speed is 0.5 to 0.8m/min.
9. A chain manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein step S4 comprises: and carrying out zincification treatment on the primary chain after tempering treatment to obtain a zincification product, and then carrying out passivation treatment on the zincification product to obtain the chain.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the passivation treatment is performed using a chromium-free passivating agent.
11. A chain obtained by employing the chain manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
12. The chain according to claim 11, wherein the mass loss rate of the test sample of the chain in 240h under neutral salt fog condition is not more than 30g/m 2 The mass loss rate in 720 hours under the simulated seawater peri-immersion condition is not more than 250g/m 2 The minimum breaking stress is not lower than 800MPa, and the breaking elongation is not lower than 12%.
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