CN115159493A - Preparation method of sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material, battery cathode and battery - Google Patents
Preparation method of sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material, battery cathode and battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN115159493A CN115159493A CN202210835297.8A CN202210835297A CN115159493A CN 115159493 A CN115159493 A CN 115159493A CN 202210835297 A CN202210835297 A CN 202210835297A CN 115159493 A CN115159493 A CN 115159493A
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- CHQMXRZLCYKOFO-UHFFFAOYSA-H P(=O)([O-])([O-])F.[V+5].[Na+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])F.P(=O)([O-])([O-])F Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])F.[V+5].[Na+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])F.P(=O)([O-])([O-])F CHQMXRZLCYKOFO-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- MFWFDRBPQDXFRC-LNTINUHCSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;vanadium Chemical compound [V].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O MFWFDRBPQDXFRC-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000006181 electrochemical material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L fluoridophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(F)=O DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- GEVPUGOOGXGPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.OC(=O)C(O)=O GEVPUGOOGXGPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/455—Phosphates containing halogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material, a battery cathode and a battery, belonging to the technical field of electrochemical materials; the preparation method of the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material comprises the following steps of 1: weighing a vanadium source, a sodium source, a phosphorus source and a fluorine source according to a stoichiometric ratio, and preparing the components into a solution with a certain concentration; and 2, step: transferring the solution obtained in the step (1) into a closed container, setting the temperature within the range of 60-140 ℃ and keeping the temperature for a set time; and step 3: after the step 2 is finished, naturally cooling the closed container to room temperature; and 4, step 4: and (4) collecting the solid product obtained in the step (3), washing with deionized water, and finally drying to obtain the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material. The sodium vanadium fluorophosphate material synthesized by the method is uniformly distributed and has a nano-scale size, the nano-scale electrode material is beneficial to full infiltration of electrolyte, and the paths of electron transfer and ion transmission are effectively shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material, a battery cathode and a battery.
Background
Lithium ion batteries have high energy density and excellent cycle stability, and thus are widely used in the fields of portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and the like. However, the non-uniform distribution and the increasing face of depleted lithium resources limit the further development and larger scale application of lithium ion batteries. As an alternative to lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries are receiving attention due to their abundant sodium resources as well as battery components and energy storage mechanisms similar to lithium ion batteries. As an important positive electrode material of a sodium ion battery, polyanionic fluorophosphate has an open three-dimensional framework structure, which imparts extremely high stability and rapid sodium ion diffusion and transport kinetics to the electrode material. Meanwhile, strong electronegative fluorine in the structure endows the battery with high working voltage, so that the battery has higher energy density. Therefore, the fluorophosphate material is considered to be one of the most promising positive electrode materials of the sodium-ion battery.
However, the poor intrinsic electronic conductivity of the fluorophosphate material leads to slow reaction kinetics of the electrode, which causes unsatisfactory rate performance of the battery, and this severely restricts the further development and practical application of the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode.
The document "Li X, jiang S, li S, et al 3 V 2 O 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F cathode for ultrafast sodium storage by heterostructured dual-carbon decoration[J]Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2021,9 (19): 11827-11838 "discloses a method of synthesizing a fluorophosphate positive electrode material for sodium ion batteries. The method adopts a higher-temperature hydrothermal reaction (180 ℃) and a subsequent annealing treatment (550 ℃) to obtain the double-carbon coated fluorophosphate material NVPOF @ C/CNFs. Through double-carbon coating, the electrochemical performance of the electrode material is greatly improved. However, the method has the disadvantages of multiple reaction steps, long reaction time, high energy consumption, high raw material cost and no contribution to large-scale and industrial production, so the practical application of the method is restricted by the limitation of the method.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows:
in order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material, a battery cathode and a battery, which solve a series of problems of poor rate performance caused by slow reaction kinetics of the fluorophosphate cathode of a polyanion type sodium ion battery and high energy consumption, long time consumption, complex steps, high raw material cost and the like of the conventional preparation method of the material, and are a simple, short-time, economic and environment-friendly synthesis method of the fluorophosphate cathode.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: weighing a vanadium source, a sodium source, a phosphorus source and a fluorine source according to a stoichiometric ratio, and preparing the components into a solution with a certain concentration;
and 2, step: transferring the solution obtained in the step (1) into a closed container, setting the temperature within the range of 60-140 ℃ and keeping the temperature for a set time;
and step 3: after the step 2 is finished, naturally cooling the closed container to room temperature;
and 4, step 4: and (4) collecting the solid product obtained in the step (3), washing with deionized water, and finally drying to obtain the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in the step 1, the vanadium source, the sodium source, the phosphorus source and the fluorine source are mixed according to the molecular weight ratio of V: na: p: f =2:3:2:1.
the further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in the step 1, the vanadium source is vanadium oxide, vanadium acetylacetonate or ammonium metavanadate.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: in the step 1, the sodium source is one or more of sodium fluoride and sodium carbonate.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in the step 1, the phosphorus source is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in the step 1, the fluorine source is sodium fluoride.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the reaction temperature in the step 2) is a certain temperature point which is greater than or equal to the critical crystallization temperature of the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate material, and the reaction time is a certain time period which is greater than or equal to the nucleation growth time of the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate material.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: under the heating condition of a closed container, the critical crystallization temperature of the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate material in a liquid phase is 60 ℃ below zero, and the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate material can be obtained when the heat preservation time exceeds the nucleation growth time at a certain temperature point which is greater than or equal to the critical crystallization temperature.
The obtained sample can obtain the best electrochemical performance through low-temperature annealing.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in the step 2, the reaction temperature is 60-140 ℃, and the reaction time is more than or equal to 6 hours.
A sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material is characterized in that: the material is obtained by the preparation method of the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material.
A positive electrode for a sodium-ion battery, characterized in that: the polyanion type sodium vanadium fluorophosphate nano-particles obtained by the preparation method of the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material are processed to obtain the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material.
A sodium ion battery, characterized in that: the cathode material is polyanionic sodium vanadium fluorophosphate nanoparticles obtained by the preparation method of the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the preparation method provided by the invention selects cheap and environment-friendly raw materials, and synthesizes the uniform-size vanadium sodium fluorophosphate nanoparticles through simple low-temperature liquid-phase reaction. The synthesis method is simple, easy to operate, economical, environment-friendly and short in time consumption. The synthesized sodium vanadium fluorophosphate material is uniformly distributed and has a nano-scale size, and the nano-scale electrode material is beneficial to full infiltration of electrolyte and effectively shortens paths for electron transfer and ion transmission. Therefore, the synthesized nano-sized electrode material has extremely high electrochemical activity and rapid reaction kinetics, and when the nano-sized electrode material is used as a positive electrode material for a sodium ion battery, the nano-sized electrode material shows excellent rate capability and long cycle stability (the specific discharge capacity of the battery exceeds 60 mAmp/g under 100 ℃ high rate; and the capacity retention rate can still reach more than 90% after the battery is cycled for more than 1000 times under 10 ℃ C, which is specifically referred to the embodiment).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a low-temperature liquid-phase synthesis flow chart of sodium-ion battery vanadium sodium fluorophosphate cathode material;
FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material synthesized in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope picture of the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material synthesized in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the rate performance of the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material synthesized in example 1 of the present invention in a sodium ion battery;
fig. 5 is a cycle performance diagram of the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material synthesized in example 1 of the present invention in a sodium ion battery at different rates.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
example 1:
polyanionic sodium-ion battery vanadium sodium fluorophosphate cathode material Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 O 2 The synthesis procedure of F (NVPOF) is as follows:
1) Weighing 1.512g of oxalic acid dihydrate to be dissolved in 60mL of deionized water, then weighing 0.728g of vanadium pentoxide to be added into the obtained oxalic acid solution, and stirring the solution in water bath at 70 ℃ for 1 hour to form a dark blue solution;
2) 0.92g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.424g of anhydrous sodium carbonate and 0.168g of sodium fluoride are respectively weighed and added into the solution obtained in the step 1), and the mixture is continuously stirred for half an hour to form a uniform mixed solution;
3) Transferring the reaction liquid obtained in the step 2) into a 100mL closed container, and preserving the heat at 80 ℃ for 12 hours;
4) After the step 3) is finished, naturally cooling the closed container to room temperature;
5) And (5) collecting the solid product obtained in the step 4), washing with deionized water, and finally drying to obtain the NVPOF material. FIG. 2 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the NVPOF material obtained in this example, the diffraction peak and Na thereof 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 O 2 The standard card for phase F (ICSD No.245 125) is matched and has no miscellaneous peak, which indicates that the synthesized material is pure-phase NVPOF, and the stronger diffraction peak indicates that the synthesized material has high crystallinity. Fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the NVPOF material synthesized in this example, which is observed to be a regular cube with a size of about 400nm and is uniformly distributed.
6) Preparing the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate nanocubes obtained in the step 5) into a pole piece, and using the pole piece as a sodium ion battery anode to prepare a sodium ion battery so as to evaluate the sodium ion storage performance of the sodium ion battery. Fig. 4 shows the rate capability of the NVPOF electrode obtained in this example in a sodium ion battery, and it can be seen that the rate capability of the synthesized electrode is excellent, the specific capacity released at 1C rate is as high as 125 ma hour/g, which is close to the theoretical specific capacity (130 ma hour/g), and even at 100C rate, the specific capacity as high as 69 ma hour/g can still be obtained. Fig. 5 shows the cycling stability of the NVPOF electrode obtained in this example at different magnifications, and it can be seen from the figure that the electrode shows excellent cycling stability at different magnifications, and the capacity retention rate of the battery is respectively as high as 95.6%, 98.7% and 98.0% when the NVPOF electrode is cycled 1000 times at magnifications of 10, 20 and 50C.
Example 2:
1) Weighing 0.756g of oxalic acid dihydrate to be dissolved in 30mL of deionized water, then weighing 0.364g of vanadium pentoxide to be added into the obtained oxalic acid solution, and stirring the solution in a water bath at 70 ℃ for 1 hour to form a dark blue solution;
2) 0.46g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.242g of anhydrous sodium carbonate and 0.084g of sodium fluoride are respectively weighed and added into the solution obtained in the step 1), and the mixture is continuously stirred for half an hour to form a uniform mixed solution;
3) Transferring the reaction liquid obtained in the step 2) into a 50mL closed container, and preserving the heat at 60 ℃ for 12 hours;
4) After the step 3) is finished, naturally cooling the closed container to room temperature;
5) And 4) collecting the solid product obtained in the step 4), washing with deionized water, and finally drying to obtain the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate material.
Preparing the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate material obtained in the step 5) into a pole piece, and using the pole piece as the positive pole of the sodium ion battery to prepare the sodium ion battery so as to evaluate the sodium ion storage performance of the sodium ion battery. The result shows that the synthesized electrode material shows excellent rate performance and cycling stability in a sodium ion battery, the specific capacity of up to 61 mAmp hour/g can be obtained under 100C high rate, the capacity retention rate is up to 98.6 percent after 235 times of cycling under 1C rate.
Example 3:
1) Weighing 1.512g of oxalic acid dihydrate to be dissolved in 100mL of deionized water, then weighing 0.728g of vanadium pentoxide to be added into the obtained oxalic acid solution, and stirring the solution in a water bath at 70 ℃ for 1 hour to form a dark blue solution;
2) Respectively weighing 0.96g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.168g of sodium fluoride, adding the sodium dihydrogen phosphate and the sodium fluoride into the solution obtained in the step 1), and continuously stirring for half an hour to form a uniform mixed solution;
3) Transferring the reaction solution obtained in the step 2) to a 100mL closed container, and preserving the heat for 24 hours at 100 ℃;
4) After the step 3) is finished, naturally cooling the closed container to room temperature;
5) And 4) collecting the solid product obtained in the step 4), washing the solid product by deionized water, and finally drying the solid product to obtain the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate material.
6) Preparing the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate material obtained in the step 5) into a pole piece, and using the pole piece as the positive pole of the sodium ion battery to prepare the sodium ion battery so as to evaluate the sodium ion storage performance of the sodium ion battery. The result shows that the electrode shows excellent rate performance and cycling stability in the sodium ion battery, the specific capacity of up to 62 mAmp hour/g can be obtained under the condition of 50C high rate, the electrode is cycled for 500 times under the condition of 10C, and the capacity retention rate is up to 94.8%.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: weighing a vanadium source, a sodium source, a phosphorus source and a fluorine source according to a stoichiometric ratio, and preparing the components into a solution with a certain concentration;
and 2, step: transferring the solution obtained in the step (1) into a closed container, setting the temperature within the range of 60-140 ℃ and keeping the temperature for a set time;
and step 3: after the step 2 is finished, naturally cooling the closed container to room temperature;
and 4, step 4: and (4) collecting the solid product obtained in the step (3), washing with deionized water, and finally drying to obtain the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material.
2. The method for preparing a sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, the vanadium source, the sodium source, the phosphorus source and the fluorine source are mixed according to the molecular weight ratio of V: na: p: f =2:3:2:1.
3. the method for preparing a sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, the vanadium source is vanadium oxide, vanadium acetylacetonate or ammonium metavanadate.
4. The method for preparing the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, the sodium source is one or more of sodium fluoride and sodium carbonate.
5. The method for preparing a sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, the phosphorus source is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
6. The method for preparing the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, the fluorine source is sodium fluoride.
7. The method for preparing the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2, the reaction temperature is 60-140 ℃, and the reaction time is more than or equal to 6 hours.
8. A sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material is characterized in that: the vanadium sodium fluorophosphate cathode material is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A sodium ion battery positive electrode, characterized in that: the method for preparing the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material comprises the step of processing polyanion-type sodium vanadium fluorophosphate nanoparticles obtained by the method for preparing the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A sodium ion battery, characterized by: the cathode material is polyanionic sodium vanadium fluorophosphate nanoparticles obtained by the preparation method of the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| CN116216687A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-06-06 | 贵州雅友新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of sodium vanadium fluorophosphate |
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