CN115156845A - 一种防止镀层粘辊的镀锌热成形钢生产方法 - Google Patents
一种防止镀层粘辊的镀锌热成形钢生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种防止镀层粘辊的镀锌热成形钢生产方法，属于涂镀及热加工技术领域，其包括退火、热浸镀、光整、落料、加热、热冲压工序；所述退火工序，控制加热段露点‑20～‑50℃，冷却段露点≥‑50℃，炉鼻子使用干氮氢混合气；热浸镀工序，镀液成分中Al重量含量0.03～0.10%；加热工序，分为三个阶段，第一阶段加热至250～300℃保温2～3min；第二阶段加热至600～650℃保温3～5min；第三阶段加热至880～920℃保温5～10min。本发明热成形构件强度≥1500MPa，镀层重量60～150g/m2，在保证产品力学性能的同时，防止了在加热炉内产生镀层粘辊的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于涂镀及热加工技术领域，具体涉及一种防止镀层粘辊的镀锌热成形钢生产方法。
背景技术
来自节能减排、原材料及油气价格上涨等方面的压力，汽车轻量化是各大汽车厂商的努力方向。有关研究表明，整车每减重100kg，行驶100公里则可节省1.6L燃油。材料的高强度、轻量化对于整车减重起到最直观的作用，而热成形钢在其中扮演重要作用。福特、大众、奔驰、宝马、本田等企业均大量使用热成形材料，部分车型使用比例可达15%以上。
热成形工艺是将钢板加热至奥氏体化温度再进行加工成形并伴随着淬火过程，由于是在高温下加工变形，保证了具有足够的成形能力，同时淬火工艺又保证了成形后的强度。最初的热成形材料为无镀层材料，但是由于在高温下长时间加热，导致表面氧化铁皮严重，在冲压加工过程中氧化铁皮会压入零件，导致产品质量问题，甚至是零件报废。因此，开发了带镀层的热成形材料，主流的镀层种类包括Al-Si镀层，GI镀层和GA镀层等。其中，Al-Si镀层开发的跟早，相对更成熟，使用量也更大，但是，Al-Si镀层也存在着一定缺点，其中最主要的缺点为无阴极保护作用，价格相对更高。相对的，锌基镀层具有阴极保护作用，价格相对较低，是一种具备相当潜力的发展方向。锌基镀层的缺点在于锌的熔点显著低于热成形的加热温度，因此，加热过程中镀层存在液态金属诱导金属脆性（LIME），在辊底式加热炉的转运过程中容易粘辊。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种防止镀层粘辊的镀锌热成形钢生产方法，通过对退火、涂镀及热成形工艺的控制，制造出满足强度级别的热成形产品，同时解决了锌基镀层在高温加热过程中容易粘辊的问题。为此，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种防止镀层粘辊的镀锌热成形钢生产方法，其特征在于，包括退火、热浸镀、光整、落料、加热、热冲压工序；
所述退火工序，控制加热段露点-20～-50℃，冷却段露点≥-50℃，冷却段氢含量≥2.5%；炉鼻子使用干氮氢混合气，露点-20～-30℃；
所述热浸镀工序，镀液成分中Al重量含量0.03～0.10%，其余为锌及不可避免杂质；
所述加热工序，分为三个阶段，第一阶段将料片加热至250～300℃，保温2～3min；第二阶段将料片加热至600～650℃，保温3～5min；第三阶段将料片加热至880～920℃，保温5～10min。
冷轧板经开卷、焊接、清洗后，进入立式退火炉进行退火。
所述退火工序，退火工艺速度70～120m/min，退火均热温度760～790℃。
所述热浸镀工序，镀液温度430～480℃，浸镀时间4～8s，镀层重量60～150g/m2。
所述光整工序，轧制力2000～3000KN。
所述加热工序，第一阶段升温速率10～30℃/s，第二阶段升温速率5～15℃/s，第三阶段升温速率5～15℃/s。
所述热冲压工序，保压时长10～20s，淬火冷速30～60℃/s，出模具温度200～300℃，之后空冷至室温。
所述热冲压工序，加热冲入炉惰性气体保护，炉内微正压力。
所述冷轧板为22MnB5，厚度0.8～3.0mm。
所述镀锌热成形钢为直接热成形，成品构件抗拉强度≥1500MPa，微观组织为全马氏体。
本发明通过匹配合适的退火工艺及热成形工艺，使材料获得全部马氏体组织，从而保证成形件的力学性能。通过控制退火炉气氛，使带钢完成一个表层Fe原子先氧化再还原的过程，从而获得一层极薄的、质地纯净、组织疏松的活性Fe原子，从而增加带钢在后续热浸镀过程中与镀层的结合力和反应速率，使钢基和镀层的整体性更好。低Al含量的镀液成分及三段加热工艺,使得镀层和钢基结合层更薄，有利于加热过程中的元素相互扩散及镀层合金化，原料样片加热至250-300℃并保温，可使镀层在未熔融状态下加速镀层合金化速度。综合以上退火工艺、镀液成分、加热工艺三方面的作用，使镀层再进入更高的奥氏体化温度区间后，镀层中因含有较高比例的铁而熔点提高，镀层与带钢之间的冶金结合力增强，最终达到防粘辊的目的。
本发明从带钢退火工艺、镀液成分、镀层板加热工艺三个方面入手，成品构件抗拉强度级别达到1500MPa以上，屈服强度级别达到1000 MPa以上，延伸率 3%以上，在保证成品性能的同时，很好的解决了低熔点的锌基镀层在加热过程中易粘辊的问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明热成形后成品构件的微观组织图；
图2为本发明热成形后成品构件及其表面状态图。
具体实施方式
下面结合例具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
一种防止镀层粘辊的镀锌热成形钢生产方法，包括退火、热浸镀、光整、落料、加热、热冲压工序。厚度0.8～3.0mm的冷轧板22MnB5经开卷、焊接、清洗后，进入立式退火炉进行退火，之后步骤如下：
1、退火工序：控制加热段露点-20～-50℃，冷却段露点≥-50℃，冷却段氢含量≥2.5%；炉鼻子使用干氮氢混合气，露点-20～-30℃；退火工艺速度70～120m/min，退火均热温度760～790℃。
2、热浸镀工序：镀液成分中Al重量含量0.03～0.10%，其余为锌及不可避免杂质；镀液温度430～480℃，浸镀时间4～8s，镀层重量60～150g/m2。
3、光整工序：轧制力2000～3000KN。
4、落料工序：将镀层板剪切为所需尺寸的料片。
5、加热工序：分为三个阶段，第一阶段将料片加热至250～300℃，保温2～3min，升温速率10～30℃/s；第二阶段将料片加热至600～650℃，保温3～5min，升温速率5～15℃/s；第三阶段将料片加热至880～920℃，保温5～10min，升温速率5～15℃/s。
6、热冲压工序：加热冲入炉惰性气体保护，炉内微正压力，保压时长10～20s，淬火冷速30～60℃/s，出模具温度200～300℃，之后空冷至室温。
所述镀锌热成形钢为直接热成形，成品构件抗拉强度≥1500MPa，微观组织为全马氏体。
实施例1-7及对比例各工序参数控制见表1-3，成品构件的力学性能及微观组织见表4。
表1. 各实施例及对比例退火工序参数
表2. 各实施例及对比例热浸镀、光整及热冲压工序参数
表3. 各实施例及对比例加热工序参数
对上述各实施例与对比例的成品性能检测，并观察镀层表面剥落程度，据此判断镀层是否存在粘辊情况。具体结果见表4。
表4. 各实施例及对比例成品构件力学性能、微观组织及镀层表面剥落情况
实施例1-7，成品构件力学性能满足要求，微观组织为板条状马氏体，镀层无明显脱落，判断无镀层粘辊问题。对比例1-4均存在不同程度的镀层剥落，判断存在镀层粘辊问题。其中，对比例1中采用传统的两段加热，且加热段露点较低、冷却段露点较高，导致镀层在热加工之后的严重剥落；对比例3中采用传统的两段加热，且铝含量较高、炉鼻子露点较低，导致镀层在热加工之后的严重剥落，加热温度低导致强度不足；对比例4中决定成品微观组织及力学性能的退火温度低及淬火冷却速率不足，导致抗拉强度低于1500MPa，微观组织中出现少量贝氏体组织。
Claims (10)
1.一种防止镀层粘辊的镀锌热成形钢生产方法，其特征在于，包括退火、热浸镀、光整、落料、加热、热冲压工序；
所述退火工序，控制加热段露点-20～-50℃，冷却段露点≥-50℃，冷却段氢含量≥2.5%；炉鼻子使用干氮氢混合气，露点-20～-30℃；
所述热浸镀工序，镀液成分中Al重量含量0.03～0.10%，其余为锌及不可避免杂质；
所述加热工序，分为三个阶段，第一阶段将料片加热至250～300℃，保温2～3min；第二阶段将料片加热至600～650℃，保温3～5min；第三阶段将料片加热至880～920℃，保温5～10min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防止镀层粘辊的镀锌热成形钢生产方法，其特征在于：冷轧板经开卷、焊接、清洗后，进入立式退火炉进行退火。
3.根据权利要求2所述的防止镀层粘辊的镀锌热成形钢生产方法，其特征在于：所述退火工序，退火工艺速度70～120m/min，退火均热温度760～790℃。
4.根据权利要求3所述的防止镀层粘辊的镀锌热成形钢生产方法，其特征在于：所述热浸镀工序，镀液温度430～480℃，浸镀时间4～8s，镀层重量60～150g/m2。
5.根据权利要求4所述的防止镀层粘辊的镀锌热成形钢生产方法，其特征在于：所述光整工序，轧制力2000～3000KN。
6.根据权利要求5所述的防止镀层粘辊的镀锌热成形钢生产方法，其特征在于：所述加热工序，第一阶段升温速率10～30℃/s，第二阶段升温速率5～15℃/s，第三阶段升温速率5～15℃/s。
7.根据权利要求6所述的防止镀层粘辊的镀锌热成形钢生产方法，其特征在于：所述热冲压工序，保压时长10～20s，淬火冷速30～60℃/s，出模具温度200～300℃，之后空冷至室温。
8.根据权利要求7所述的防止镀层粘辊的镀锌热成形钢生产方法，其特征在于：所述热冲压工序，加热冲入炉惰性气体保护，炉内微正压力。
9.根据权利要求1-8任意一项所述的防止镀层粘辊的镀锌热成形钢生产方法，其特征在于：所述冷轧板为22MnB5，厚度0.8～3.0mm。
10.根据权利要求9所述的防止镀层粘辊的镀锌热成形钢生产方法，其特征在于：所述镀锌热成形钢为直接热成形，成品构件抗拉强度≥1500MPa，微观组织为全马氏体。
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