CN115156462A - Cold heading die for automobile bolt and bolt manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Cold heading die for automobile bolt and bolt manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115156462A CN115156462A CN202211076741.9A CN202211076741A CN115156462A CN 115156462 A CN115156462 A CN 115156462A CN 202211076741 A CN202211076741 A CN 202211076741A CN 115156462 A CN115156462 A CN 115156462A
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- cold heading
- connecting rod
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
- B21J13/14—Ejecting devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/44—Making machine elements bolts, studs, or the like
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cold heading die for an automobile bolt, which comprises a top core die, a chamfering die and a cushion block which are coaxially arranged and fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom, and further comprises a movable die, a limit block and a limit block adjusting assembly, wherein the movable die is positioned in central openings of the top core die, the chamfering die and the cushion block and is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the central opening of the cushion block, and the movable die is composed of a cylindrical column body and a cold heading hole which is formed in the top end of the column body along the axial direction of the cylindrical column body. The limiting block is located below the movable die and located in the central opening of the cushion block and connected with the inner wall of the central opening of the cushion block in a sliding mode. The limiting block adjusting component is connected with the limiting block and is used for adjusting the upper position and the lower position of the limiting block in the cushion block. The invention also discloses a method for manufacturing the automobile bolt by adopting the cold-heading die of the automobile bolt. The cold heading die for the automobile bolt is high in cold heading precision, modular in design and flexible in die adjustment, so that the cold heading die is suitable for production of automobile bolts of various models.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cold heading die for an automobile bolt and a method for manufacturing the automobile bolt by using the cold heading die, and belongs to the technical field of bolt manufacturing.
Background
The cold heading has the advantages of high productivity, high material utilization rate, good surface quality and internal comprehensive performance of parts, coherent and reasonable metal flow line and the like. Compared with a machined part, the mechanical property of the cold heading part can be generally improved by about 10%, some parts even reach 20%, the machining efficiency can reach more than 50 times, and the material utilization rate can be improved by nearly 100%. The production of fasteners such as bolts, screws, rivets and the like almost adopts a cold heading method above 80 percent, and the cold heading method is the preferred process for machining the fasteners. However, cold heading is an independent process but not paid enough attention, and the data on the aspects of cold heading process and die design are rarely introduced.
The cold-heading mould of bolt is fixed structure usually among the prior art at present, and the cold-heading mould that adopts this structure carries out the cold-heading step by step, but adopts this mode flexibility relatively poor, to the bolt that only needs twice cold-heading, adopts two cold-heading moulds to switch to use comparatively loaded down with trivial details on the one hand, and on the other hand also takes place the mould change easily in switching and damages with wearing and tearing, perhaps concentricity error problem influences the off-the-shelf quality of final bolt. Especially, the automobile bolt has higher requirements on the strength and the precision of the bolt.
Chinese patent document CN104174802B discloses a typical cold header, which includes a body, on which a main motor, a transmission system, a linear feeding device, a rotary clamp, a cutter system, an adjustable male mold ejecting mechanism and a closed back support are disposed. After a main motor of the cold header starts, the main motor drives parts such as a linear feeding device, a rotary clamp, a cutter, a male die push-out mechanism and the like through a transmission system, and processing steps such as feeding, cutting, upsetting, product push-out and the like are realized. Although the equipment has high speed, the equipment has strong specificity and cannot meet the production requirements of products with different specifications and different processes. With the continuous development of the technology, the structure of part of screw products in the market at present is complex, multi-station stamping is needed, the process is complex, and the existing equipment cannot meet the requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cold heading die which is high in cold heading precision, modular in design and flexible in die adjustment so as to adapt to production of automobile bolts of various models, and a method for manufacturing the automobile bolts by using the cold heading die.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a cold heading die for an automobile bolt, which comprises a top core die, a chamfer angle die and a cushion block which are coaxially arranged from top to bottom and fixedly connected, wherein the top core die, the chamfer angle die and the cushion block are all provided with central openings, the top core die, the chamfer angle die and the cushion block jointly form a fixed die for cold heading, and the cold heading die further comprises a movable die, a limit block and a limit block adjusting assembly;
the movable die is positioned in the central holes of the top core die, the chamfer die and the cushion block and is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the central hole of the cushion block, and the movable die consists of a cylindrical column body and a cold heading hole formed in the top end of the column body along the axial direction of the column body;
the limiting block is positioned below the movable die, is positioned in the central opening of the cushion block and is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the central opening of the cushion block;
the limiting block adjusting assembly comprises a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, an extension shell and a nut; the first connecting rod is positioned in the central opening of the cushion block, the second connecting rod is horizontally arranged and positioned below the limiting block, two ends of the second connecting rod extend into the cushion block and are in sliding connection with the cushion block, the extending shell is arranged on the outer side of the side surface of the cushion block, one end of the second connecting rod penetrates through the extending shell, the first connecting rods are provided with a plurality of connecting rods which are arranged in parallel, one end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the limiting block, the other end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the second connecting rod, an external thread is arranged at one end, located in the extension shell, of the second connecting rod, the nut is rotatably connected to one end, far away from the cushion block, of the extension shell, and the second connecting rod is in threaded connection with the nut through the external thread.
The limiting block adjusting assembly further comprises a bolt, outer pin holes symmetrically arranged on the extension shell and inner pin holes radially arranged on the second connecting rod at equal intervals; the bolt passes through the outer pin hole and the corresponding inner pin hole.
Above-mentioned automobile bolt's cold-heading mould still includes: the elastic ejection resetting piece comprises a limiting rod, a spring and an anti-falling block; the bottom end of the limiting rod is fixedly connected with the anti-falling block, the limiting rod extends into the central opening of the cushion block and penetrates through the limiting block to be fixedly connected with the movable die, and the spring is located between the movable die and the limiting block.
Above-mentioned elasticity liftout piece that resets still includes the sliding sleeve, sliding sleeve fixed connection is in the bottom of the central trompil of cushion, the gag lever post passes the sliding sleeve just with sliding sleeve sliding connection.
The sliding sleeve is axially provided with a linear bearing, and the limiting rod penetrates through the linear bearing.
The central hole opening aperture of the top core die is larger than that of the chamfer die, and the central hole opening aperture of the chamfer die is larger than that of the cushion block.
Above-mentioned automobile bolt's cold-heading mould still includes the connecting block, cover half and movable mould have the multiunit, and the multiunit cover half sets up side by side, and adjacent cover half passes through connecting block fixed connection.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention also provides a method for manufacturing the automobile bolt, and the cold heading die for the automobile bolt comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing for adjustment, adjusting the upper position and the lower position of a limiting block to the highest position, and replacing a top core die with a corresponding central hole diameter according to the size of a screw head of a bolt; according to the size of a screw head and a screw rod of the bolt, replacing a movable die with a corresponding diameter of the cold heading hole;
and S2, cold heading, namely, directly forming the rough blank by cold heading under the pressure of the stamping head to prepare the bolt blank 11.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention also provides a method for manufacturing the automobile bolt, and the cold heading die for the automobile bolt comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing for adjustment, namely replacing a core ejecting die with a corresponding central hole diameter according to the outer diameter of a screw head of a bolt; according to the outer diameter of a screw head screw rod of the bolt, replacing the movable dies with the corresponding cold heading hole apertures, and gradually reducing the cold heading hole apertures of the adjacent movable dies;
and S2, performing cold heading for multiple times, wherein the rough blank sequentially passes through the adjacent fixed dies under the pressure of the stamping head to perform cold heading until the bolt blank 11 is formed by cold heading.
In the step S1, the upper and lower positions of the limiting block are adjusted according to the depth of the step part of the bolt; and replacing the chamfering die with the corresponding central hole diameter according to the outer diameter of the step part of the bolt.
The invention has the positive effects that:
(1) The cold heading die for the automobile bolt is provided with the movable die, the limiting block and the limiting block adjusting assembly, the limiting block is arranged on the movable die, the limiting block is arranged on the limiting block adjusting assembly, the upper position and the lower position of the limiting block can be adjusted according to production requirements, the upper position and the lower position of the limiting block are adjusted to the highest position, the automobile bolt formed through cold heading is not provided with a step part, the maximum moving distance of the movable die is limited by adjusting the position of the limiting block, and the depth of the step part can be adjusted. According to the automobile bolt size of difference, change the top core mould in corresponding central trompil aperture, change the movable mould in corresponding cold heading hole aperture, can conveniently adjust the mould according to different automobile bolt models, need not to prepare a large amount of moulds, economic environmental protection.
(2) The cold heading die limiting block adjusting assembly for the automobile bolt is ingenious in design, the upper position and the lower position of the limiting block are adjusted through the rotating nut, the adjusting stroke is enlarged, and the adjusting precision is higher.
(3) According to the cold heading die for the automobile bolt, the elastic jacking reset piece is arranged, so that the bolt blank can be automatically ejected out after the stamping head is reset, and convenience and rapidness are realized.
(4) The cold heading die for the automobile bolt can be used independently, can also be connected into a row and combined together, is used as a continuous cold heading die, and is flexible in arrangement and high in universality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an automobile bolt cold-heading die in embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a stopper adjustment assembly of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of part A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 4 is a schematic drawing illustrating the stamping process with the stop blocks adjusted to the highest position in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic drawing of stamping when the limiting block is adjusted to the lower side in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the continuous arrangement of the cold heading die for the automobile bolt in embodiment 2 of the invention.
The above reference numerals are as follows:
the device comprises a core ejecting die 1, a chamfering die 2, a cushion block 3, a movable die 4, a column 41, a cold heading hole 42, a limiting rod 5, an anti-falling block 6, a limiting block adjusting component 7, a first connecting rod 71, a second connecting rod 72, an inner pin hole 73, an extension shell 74, an outer pin hole 75, a bolt 76, an external thread 77, a nut 78, a limiting block 8, a sliding sleeve 9, a spring 10, a bolt blank 11 and a connecting block 12.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the cold-heading die for the automobile bolt of the present embodiment includes a top core die 1, a chamfering die 2 and a cushion block 3, which are coaxially disposed and fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom. The top core die 1, the chamfering die 2 and the cushion block 3 are all provided with central holes, and the top core die 1, the chamfering die 2 and the cushion block 3 jointly form a fixed die for cold heading. The cold heading mould of the bolt of this embodiment still includes movable mould 4, stopper 8, stopper adjusting part 7 and elasticity liftout piece that resets.
The movable mold 4 is positioned in the central holes of the top core mold 1, the chamfering mold 2 and the cushion block 3 and is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the central hole of the cushion block 3. The movable mold 4 is composed of a cylindrical column 41 and a cold heading hole 42 opened at the top end of the column 41 in the axial direction thereof.
The limiting block 8 is located below the movable die 4, and the limiting block 8 is located in the central opening of the cushion block 3 and is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the central opening of the cushion block 3.
The stopper adjustment assembly 7 includes a first link 71, a second link 72, an extension housing 74, and a nut 78. First connecting rod 71 is located the central opening of cushion 3, second connecting rod 72 level sets up and is located the below of stopper 8, the both ends of second connecting rod 72 all stretch into in cushion 3 and with cushion 3 sliding connection, it sets up the side outside at cushion 3 to extend shell 74, the one end of second connecting rod 72 is passed and is extended shell 74, first connecting rod 71 has many and mutual parallel arrangement, the one end of first connecting rod 71 is articulated with stopper 8, the other end of first connecting rod 71 is articulated with second connecting rod 72, the one end that second connecting rod 72 is located to extend shell 74 is equipped with external screw thread 77, nut 78 rotates to be connected in the one end that extends shell 74 and keep away from cushion 3, second connecting rod 72 passes through external screw thread 77 and nut 78 threaded connection.
The stopper adjustment assembly 7 further includes a latch 76, outer pin holes 75 symmetrically disposed on the extension shell 74, and inner pin holes 73 radially disposed at equal distances on the second link 72. A plug pin 76 passes through outer pin opening 75 and corresponding inner pin opening 73. Although the first-stage locking can be performed in a thread friction mode, in order to prevent loosening, a locking piece is arranged to perform second-stage locking on the adjusted second connecting rod 72, and the locking device is safer and more reliable.
The elastic ejection resetting piece comprises a limiting rod 5, a spring 10 and an anti-falling block 6. The bottom of gag lever post 5 and anticreep piece 6 fixed connection, gag lever post 5 extends to 3 central openings of cushion and passes stopper 8 and movable mould 4 fixed connection, and spring 10 is located between movable mould 4 and stopper 8.
The elastic liftout piece that resets still includes sliding sleeve 9, and sliding sleeve 9 fixed connection is in the bottom of the central trompil of cushion 3, and gag lever post 5 passes sliding sleeve 9 and with sliding sleeve 9 sliding connection. The elastic ejection resetting piece is connected with the movable die 4, and the elastic ejection resetting piece drives the movable die 4 to reset after losing pressure. The sliding sleeve 9 is axially provided with a linear bearing, and the limiting rod 5 penetrates through the linear bearing. The linear bearing is adopted, so that the motion resistance can be reduced, and the mechanical efficiency is improved.
The central hole opening aperture of the top core die 1 is larger than that of the chamfer die 2, and the central hole opening aperture of the chamfer die 2 is larger than that of the cushion block 3.
Referring to fig. 4, when the cold-heading die for the automobile bolt of the present embodiment is used for manufacturing an automobile bolt without a step portion, the method for manufacturing the automobile bolt includes the following steps:
s1, preparing for adjustment, adjusting the upper position and the lower position of the limiting block 8 to the highest position, and replacing the core ejecting die 1 with the corresponding central hole opening diameter according to the size of the screw head of the bolt. And replacing the movable die 4 with the corresponding diameter of the cold heading hole 42 according to the size of the screw head and the screw rod of the bolt.
And S2, cold heading, namely, directly forming the rough blank by cold heading under the pressure of the stamping head to prepare the bolt blank 11.
Referring to fig. 5, when the cold-heading die of the present embodiment is used for manufacturing an automobile bolt without a stepped portion, the method for manufacturing an automobile bolt includes the following steps:
s1, preparing for adjustment, and adjusting the upper position and the lower position of the limiting block 8 according to the depth of the step part of the bolt. And replacing the chamfering die 2 with the corresponding central hole diameter according to the outer diameter of the step part of the bolt. And replacing the top core die 1 with the corresponding central hole diameter according to the size of the screw head of the bolt. And replacing the movable die 4 with the corresponding diameter of the cold heading hole 42 according to the size of the screw head and the screw rod of the bolt.
And S2, cold heading, namely, directly forming the rough blank by cold heading under the pressure of the stamping head to prepare the bolt blank 11.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 6, the cold heading die for the automotive bolt of the present embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1 except that: still include connecting block 12, cover half and movable mould 4 have the multiunit, and the multiunit cover half sets up side by side, and adjacent cover half passes through connecting block 12 fixed connection.
The method for manufacturing the automobile bolt by adopting the cold heading die for the automobile bolt comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing for adjustment, and replacing the core ejecting die 1 with the corresponding central hole diameter according to the outer diameter of the screw head of the bolt. And replacing the movable dies 4 with the corresponding cold heading holes 42 according to the outer diameters of the screw heads and the screws of the bolts, wherein the diameters of the cold heading holes 42 of the adjacent movable dies 4 can be decreased progressively as required. The height of the adjacent fixed die limiting blocks 8 can be decreased progressively as required, and the aperture of the adjacent fixed die chamfer dies 2 can be decreased progressively as required.
And S2, performing cold heading for multiple times, wherein the rough blank sequentially passes through the adjacent fixed dies under the pressure of the stamping head to perform cold heading until the bolt blank 11 is formed by cold heading.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely examples provided for clearly illustrating the embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And such obvious variations or modifications which fall within the spirit of the invention are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cold heading die for an automobile bolt comprises a top core die (1), a chamfering die (2) and a cushion block (3) which are coaxially arranged and fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom, wherein the top core die (1), the chamfering die (2) and the cushion block (3) are respectively provided with a central hole, the top core die (1), the chamfering die (2) and the cushion block (3) jointly form a fixed die for cold heading, and the cold heading die is characterized by further comprising a movable die (4), a limit block (8) and a limit block adjusting assembly (7);
the movable die (4) is positioned in the central opening holes of the top core die (1), the chamfering die (2) and the cushion block (3) and is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the central opening hole of the cushion block (3), and the movable die (4) is composed of a cylindrical cylinder body (41) and a cold heading hole (42) which is formed in the top end of the cylinder body (41) along the axial direction of the cylinder body;
the limiting block (8) is positioned below the movable die (4), and the limiting block (8) is positioned in the central opening of the cushion block (3) and is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the central opening of the cushion block (3);
the limiting block adjusting assembly (7) comprises a first connecting rod (71), a second connecting rod (72), an extension shell (74) and a nut (78); first connecting rod (71) are located the central opening of cushion (3), second connecting rod (72) level sets up and is located the below of stopper (8), the both ends of second connecting rod (72) all stretch into in cushion (3) and with cushion (3) sliding connection, it sets up the side outside at cushion (3) to extend shell (74), the one end of second connecting rod (72) is passed and is extended shell (74), first connecting rod (71) have many and mutual parallel arrangement, the one end and the stopper (8) of first connecting rod (71) are articulated, the other end and the second connecting rod (72) of first connecting rod (71) are articulated, the one end that second connecting rod (72) are located to extend shell (74) is equipped with external screw thread (77), nut (78) rotate to be connected and extend the one end that shell (74) kept away from cushion (3), second connecting rod (72) are through external screw thread (77) and nut (78) threaded connection.
2. The cold heading die for the automobile bolt as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stopper adjusting assembly (7) further comprises a plug pin (76), outer pin holes (75) symmetrically arranged on the extension shell (74) and inner pin holes (73) radially arranged on the second connecting rod (72) at equal intervals; the pin (76) passes through the outer pin hole (75) and the corresponding inner pin hole (73).
3. The cold-heading die for the automobile bolt as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: the elastic ejection resetting piece comprises a limiting rod (5), a spring (10) and an anti-falling block (6); the bottom and anticreep piece (6) fixed connection of gag lever post (5), gag lever post (5) extend to cushion (3) central opening and pass stopper (8) and movable mould (4) fixed connection, spring (10) are located between movable mould (4) and stopper (8).
4. The cold heading die for the automobile bolt as claimed in claim 3, wherein the elastic liftout reset piece further comprises a sliding sleeve (9), the sliding sleeve (9) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the central hole of the cushion block (3), and the limiting rod (5) penetrates through the sliding sleeve (9) and is slidably connected with the sliding sleeve (9).
5. The cold heading die for the automobile bolt as claimed in claim 4, wherein a linear bearing is axially arranged on the sliding sleeve (9), and the limiting rod (5) penetrates through the linear bearing.
6. The cold heading die for the automobile bolt according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the central opening hole diameter of the top core die (1) is larger than that of the chamfer die (2), and the central opening hole diameter of the chamfer die (2) is larger than that of the cushion block (3).
7. The cold-heading die for the automobile bolt as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a connecting block (12), wherein the fixed dies and the movable die (4) have multiple sets, the multiple sets of fixed dies are arranged side by side, and adjacent fixed dies are fixedly connected through the connecting block (12).
8. A method of manufacturing an automobile bolt using the cold-heading die for an automobile bolt as claimed in claim 7, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing for adjustment, adjusting the upper position and the lower position of a limiting block (8) to the highest position, and replacing a top core die (1) with a corresponding central hole opening diameter according to the size of a screw head of a bolt; according to the size of a screw head and a screw rod of the bolt, replacing the movable die (4) with the corresponding diameter of the cold heading hole (42);
and S2, cold heading, namely, directly forming the rough blank by cold heading under the pressure of the stamping head to prepare the bolt blank 11.
9. A method of manufacturing an automobile bolt using the cold-heading die for an automobile bolt as claimed in claim 7, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing for adjustment, namely replacing a core ejecting die (1) with a corresponding central hole diameter according to the outer diameter of a screw head of a bolt; according to the outer diameter of a screw head screw rod of the bolt, the movable dies (4) with the corresponding hole diameters of the cold heading holes (42) are replaced, and the hole diameters of the cold heading holes (42) of the adjacent movable dies (4) are gradually reduced;
and S2, performing cold heading for multiple times, wherein the rough blank sequentially passes through the adjacent fixed dies under the pressure of the stamping head to perform cold heading until the bolt blank 11 is formed by cold heading.
10. The method for manufacturing the automobile bolt according to claim 8 or 9, wherein in the step S1, the up-down position of the stopper (8) is adjusted according to the depth of the stepped portion of the bolt; and replacing the chamfering die (2) with the corresponding central hole diameter according to the outer diameter of the step part of the bolt.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211076741.9A CN115156462B (en) | 2022-09-05 | 2022-09-05 | Cold heading die for automobile bolt and bolt manufacturing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211076741.9A CN115156462B (en) | 2022-09-05 | 2022-09-05 | Cold heading die for automobile bolt and bolt manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN115156462A true CN115156462A (en) | 2022-10-11 |
| CN115156462B CN115156462B (en) | 2022-11-25 |
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| CN114769490A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-07-22 | 常州市武进大众标准件有限公司 | Screw cold heading forming device and using method thereof |
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