CN115155536A - Preparation method of super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge for selective adsorption - Google Patents
Preparation method of super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge for selective adsorption Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge for selective adsorption. The method obtains inspiration from the mussel adsorption surface, carries out bionic design on the unique dopamine adhesion characteristic, utilizes polydopamine to attach polypyrrole and silicon dioxide on the surface of melamine sponge, and then modifies the sponge by hexadecyl trimethoxy silane through a soaking method, thereby realizing selective adsorption of the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge. The sponge has excellent oleophilic and hydrophobic properties in oil and water, has super strong adsorption capacity to emulsions formed by various oils, organic solvents and water, and can keep strong adsorption capacity even if the super-hydrophobic sponge is selectively adsorbed after being recycled for many times. The super-hydrophobic sponge can remove oil and water in an oil-in-water emulsion, has a flame retardant effect due to the flame retardancy of the polypyrrole, and can be safely used in various environments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of super-hydrophobic surface preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a super-hydrophobic flame retardant adsorbent for selective adsorption.
Background
Nowadays, oil pollution is increasingly serious due to the large-scale exploitation and utilization of oil. In particular, oily wastewater has the greatest threat to human beings, and is one of the problems to be solved urgently. However, the conventional separation technique has difficulty in solving this problem due to high cost and complicated steps. In the face of increasingly severe petroleum pollution challenges, effective, simple and convenient emulsion separation techniques are imperative.
The artificial super-hydrophobic surface can realize good super-hydrophobic performance by constructing a micro-nano structure and reducing the surface energy. Polypyrrole and silicon dioxide are adhered to melamine sponge through polydopamine, and the sponge is modified by hexadecyl trimethoxy silane, so that the sponge can be changed from super-hydrophilic to super-hydrophobic properties. It has hydrophobic property under oil and lipophilic property under water, dirt resistance, mechanical and chemical stability, and can be repeatedly used for emulsion separation. More importantly, the sponge has good mechanical and chemical stability and can still stably work after being damaged mechanically and chemically. And due to the synergistic effect of the melamine sponge and the polypyrrole, the super-hydrophobic flame retardant material has good thermal stability and flame retardance. Therefore, the super-hydrophobic sponge can solve the problems of oil pollution, petroleum leakage, organic solvent pollution and the like worldwide.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method for preparing a flame-retardant sponge with good super-hydrophobicity and durability, which has the advantages of simple process, high efficiency and no pollution. Polypyrrole and silicon dioxide are adhered to melamine sponge by polydopamine, and then the sponge is modified by hexadecyl trimethoxy silane by a soaking method, so that the selective adsorption of the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge is realized. The sponge has excellent oleophilic and hydrophobic properties in oil and water, has super strong adsorption capacity to emulsions formed by various oils, organic solvents and water, and can keep strong adsorption capacity even if the super-hydrophobic sponge is selectively adsorbed after being recycled for many times. The super-hydrophobic sponge can remove oil and water in an oil-in-water emulsion, has a flame retardant effect due to the flame retardancy of the polypyrrole, and can be safely used in various environments.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge for selective adsorption is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. preparing the micron sponge: preparing a mixed solution of dopamine hydrochloride, pyrrole, ammonium persulfate, copper sulfate, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane hydrochloride and silicon dioxide with a certain concentration, soaking melamine sponge in the mixed solution for a period of time, and then cleaning the in-situ grown micron-sized melamine sponge;
B. preparation of hexadecyl trimethoxy silane modification liquid: adding a certain amount of hexadecyl trimethoxy silane into ethanol, ultrasonically dispersing for a certain time, then putting the micron-sized melamine sponge into a modifying solution, soaking for a certain time, and taking out to obtain selectively adsorbed super-hydrophobic sponge;
C. emulsion separation performance: separating various water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions from the prepared selectively adsorbed super-hydrophobic sponge by an adsorption device.
Preferably, in the step A, the concentration of the dopamine hydrochloride in the reaction solution is 2g/L; the concentration of pyrrole in the reaction solution is 5ml/L; the concentration of ammonium persulfate in the reaction liquid is 5.8g/L; the concentration of the tris hydrochloride in the reaction solution was 32g/L; the concentration of silica in the reaction solution was 12g/L.
Preferably, in the step A, the reaction time of the melamine sponge in the reaction liquid is 24 hours, and the melamine sponge is stirred all the time.
Preferably, in the step B, the volume of the hexadecyl trimethoxy silane added into the ethanol is 50ml/L.
Preferably, in the step B, the ultrasonic time for adding the hexadecyl trimethoxy silane into the ethanol is 10 minutes.
Preferably, in the step B, the reaction time of the micro-nano structured sponge in the modification solution is 12 hours.
Preferably, in the step B, the micro-nano structured sponge is heated for 2 hours at 120 ℃ after the modification is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the preparation process is simple, easy to implement and free of pollution.
2. The prepared selectively-adsorbed super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge has good oil and organic solvent adsorption capacity.
3. The prepared selectively-adsorbed super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge has the capability of stably separating oil-in-water.
4. The prepared selectively-adsorbed super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge has good mechanical and chemical stability and contamination resistance.
5. The prepared selectively-adsorbed super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge can still work stably under the condition of mechanical and chemical damage.
6. The prepared selectively-adsorbed super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge has good thermal stability and flame retardance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an electron microscope image of the melamine sponge, the micro-nano structured sponge and the superhydrophobic flame-retardant sponge in example 1 of the present invention, wherein the image (a) is an amplification 1000 times and 2000 times of the stainless steel net, the image (b) is an amplification 2000 times and 5000 times of the hydrophilic stainless steel net, and the image (c) is an amplification 2000 times and 5000 times of the superhydrophobic flame-retardant sponge.
FIG. 2 is an analytical graph of a superhydrophobic flame-retardant sponge according to example 1 of the present invention, (a) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and (b) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the adsorption capacity of the superhydrophobic flame-retardant sponge according to example 1 of the present invention to various oil-in-water emulsions.
FIG. 4 is an optical photograph of emulsion separation of a superhydrophobic flame-retardant sponge according to example 1 of the present invention, (a) an optical photograph before and after separation of a xylene-in-water emulsion, and an optical microscope photograph before and after separation of a xylene-in-water emulsion; (b) Optical photographs before and after separation of the toluene-in-water emulsion, and optical micrographs before and after separation of the toluene-in-water emulsion; (c) Optical photographs before and after the separation of the isooctane-in-water emulsion, and optical micrographs before and after the separation of the isooctane-in-water emulsion; (d) Optical photographs before and after the separation of the n-hexane-in-water emulsion, and optical micrographs before and after the separation of the n-hexane-in-water emulsion.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the adsorption capacity of a superhydrophobic flame-retardant sponge according to example 2 of the present invention after a circulation test on an oil-in-water emulsion, (a) showing the adsorption capacity of a superhydrophobic flame-retardant sponge after a circulation test on a xylene-in-water emulsion; (b) The adsorption capacity of the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge after circulation test on toluene emulsion in water; (c) The adsorption capacity of the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge after the circulation test on the isooctane emulsion in water; (d) And (3) the adsorption capacity of the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge to the n-hexane emulsion in water after cyclic test.
FIG. 6 is the adsorption capacity of the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge of example 3 after 50 mechanical compression tests, (a) the adsorption capacity of the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge after 50 mechanical compression tests on xylene-in-water emulsion cycle tests; (b) The adsorption capacity of the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge after the toluene emulsion in water is subjected to a cycle test after 50 times of mechanical extrusion tests; (c) The adsorption capacity of the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge after 50 times of mechanical extrusion tests on the isooctane emulsion in water after cyclic test; (d) And (3) the adsorption capacity of the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge after 50 times of mechanical extrusion tests on the n-hexane emulsion in water is tested in a circulating manner.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Preparing a micro-nano structure sponge: the in-situ growth reaction solution consisted of 100ml of deionized water, 0.5ml of pyrrole, 0.16g of copper sulfate, 0.2g of dopamine hydrochloride, 0.58g of ammonium persulfate, 3.2g of tris hydrochloride, and 1.2g of silica. In the in-situ growth reaction, the melamine sponge with the size of 20mm multiplied by 20mm is stirred for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain the micro-nano structure sponge.
(2) Preparing a super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge: adding 5ml of hexadecyl trimethoxy silane into 100ml of ethanol under the ultrasonic condition, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes, then putting the micro-nano structured sponge into the ethanol, soaking the micro-nano structured sponge for 12 hours, and then heating the micro-nano structured sponge for 2 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃ to obtain the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge.
(4) Oil-in-water emulsion separability of superhydrophobic flame-retardant sponges: preparing a mixture with a volume ratio of 1:100 of oil-in-water emulsion of n-hexane, toluene, isooctane and xylene, ultrasonically dispersing for 4h, separating the four emulsions by the prepared super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge through an adsorption device, and obtaining emulsion particles by using an optical microscope. The original emulsion contained a large number of small particles with diameters of fifty microns, and after adsorption with the superhydrophobic flame retardant sponge, there were hardly any small particles under the optical microscope.
Example 2
(1) Preparing a micro-nano structure sponge: the in-situ growth reaction solution consisted of 100ml of deionized water, 0.5ml of pyrrole, 0.16g of copper sulfate, 0.2g of dopamine hydrochloride, 0.58g of ammonium persulfate, 3.2g of tris hydrochloride, and 1.2g of silica. In the in-situ growth reaction, the melamine sponge with the size of 20mm multiplied by 20mm is stirred for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain the micro-nano structure sponge.
(2) Preparing the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge: adding 5ml of hexadecyl trimethoxy silane into 100ml of ethanol under the ultrasonic condition, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes, then putting the micro-nano structure sponge into the mixture to be soaked for 12 hours, and then heating the mixture for 2 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃ to obtain the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge.
(3) The anti-fouling performance is as follows: the prepared super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge is prepared into a sponge with the volume ratio of 1:100 of an oil-in-water emulsion of n-hexane, toluene, isooctane and xylene. The separation efficiency of the oil-in-water emulsion after ten times of separation is kept at 99.76 percent at the maximum.
Example 3
(1) Preparing a micro-nano structure sponge: the in-situ growth reaction solution consisted of 100ml of deionized water, 0.5ml of pyrrole, 0.16g of copper sulfate, 0.2g of dopamine hydrochloride, 0.58g of ammonium persulfate, 3.2g of tris hydrochloride, and 1.2g of silica. In the in-situ growth reaction, the melamine sponge with the size of 20mm multiplied by 20mm is stirred for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain the micro-nano structure sponge.
(2) Preparing the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge: adding 5ml of hexadecyl trimethoxy silane into 100ml of ethanol under the ultrasonic condition, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes, then putting the micro-nano structure sponge into the mixture to be soaked for 12 hours, and then heating the mixture for 2 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃ to obtain the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge.
(3) Mechanical stability performance: the superhydrophobic flame-retardant sponge was squeezed with a 100g weight, and tested for pair 1: the separation efficiency of 100 xylene, toluene, isooctane, n-hexane oil-in-water emulsion and the contact angle to water in air after 50 impacts were 99.53% highest and 132.5 ° to water in air.
To summarize: the invention obtains inspiration from the mussel adsorption surface, carries out bionic design on the unique dopamine adhesion characteristic, utilizes polydopamine to attach polypyrrole and silicon dioxide on the surface of melamine sponge, and then modifies the sponge by hexadecyl trimethoxy silane through a soaking method, thereby realizing selective adsorption of the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge. The sponge has excellent oleophilic and hydrophobic properties in oil and water, has super strong adsorption capacity for emulsion formed by various oils, organic solvents and water, and can keep strong adsorption capacity even if selectively adsorbing super-hydrophobic sponge after being recycled for many times. The super-hydrophobic sponge can remove oil and water in the oil-in-water emulsion, has a flame retardant effect due to the flame retardancy of polypyrrole, and can be safely used in various environments.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge for selective adsorption is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. preparing the micron sponge: preparing a mixed solution of dopamine hydrochloride, pyrrole, ammonium persulfate, copper sulfate, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane hydrochloride and silicon dioxide with a certain concentration, soaking melamine sponge in the mixed solution for a period of time, and then cleaning the in-situ grown micron-sized melamine sponge;
B. preparation of hexadecyl trimethoxy silane modification liquid: adding a certain amount of hexadecyl trimethoxy silane into ethanol, ultrasonically dispersing for a certain time, then putting the micron-sized melamine sponge into a modifying solution, soaking for a certain time, and taking out to obtain selectively adsorbed super-hydrophobic sponge;
C. emulsion separation performance: separating various water-in-oil emulsions and oil-in-water emulsions from the prepared selectively adsorbed super-hydrophobic sponge by an adsorption device.
2. The method for preparing the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge for selective adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step A, the concentration of the dopamine hydrochloride in the reaction solution is 2g/L; the concentration of pyrrole in the reaction solution is 5ml/L; the concentration of ammonium persulfate in the reaction liquid is 5.8g/L; the concentration of the tris hydrochloride in the reaction solution was 32g/L; the concentration of silica in the reaction solution was 12g/L.
3. The method for preparing the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge for selective adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step A, the reaction time of the melamine sponge in the reaction liquid is 24 hours, and the melamine sponge is stirred all the time in the process.
4. The method for preparing the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge for selective adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step B, the volume of the hexadecyl trimethoxy silane added into the ethanol is 50ml/L.
5. The method for preparing the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge for selective adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step B, the ultrasonic time of adding the hexadecyl trimethoxy silane into the ethanol is 10 minutes.
6. The method for preparing the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge for selective adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step B, the reaction time of the sponge with the micro-nano structure in the modification liquid is 12 hours.
7. The method for preparing the super-hydrophobic flame-retardant sponge for selective adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step B, the sponge with the micro-nano structure is heated for 2 hours at 120 ℃ after finishing the modification.
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| CN106011975A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-10-12 | 厦门大学 | Preparation method for polypyrrole-poly-dopamine composite coating |
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