CN115155165A - 一种高效空气过滤的滤材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高效空气过滤的滤材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115155165A
CN115155165A CN202210685056.XA CN202210685056A CN115155165A CN 115155165 A CN115155165 A CN 115155165A CN 202210685056 A CN202210685056 A CN 202210685056A CN 115155165 A CN115155165 A CN 115155165A
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filter layer
melt
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filter
electrostatic spinning
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张久政
张程
王佳
余炎子
王其
张霞
吴瑜
王燎峰
黄迪
李俊勤
郭星奂
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Jiujiang 707 Institute Of Precision Mechatronics Sci & Tech Co ltd
707th Research Institute of CSIC Jiujiang Branch
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D46/00Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0001Making filtering elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
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    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022Non-woven fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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    • B32B5/265Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one fibrous or filamentary layer being a non-woven fabric layer
    • B32B5/266Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one fibrous or filamentary layer being a non-woven fabric layer next to one or more non-woven fabric layers
    • B32B5/268Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one fibrous or filamentary layer being a non-woven fabric layer next to one or more non-woven fabric layers characterised by at least one non-woven fabric layer that is a melt-blown fabric
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/56Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/728Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0223Vinyl resin fibres
    • B32B2262/0238Vinyl halide, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253Polyolefin fibres
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于空气净化领域,特别涉及一种高效空气过滤的滤材及其制备方法。该滤材包括熔喷过滤层,贴合于所述熔喷过滤层的静电纺过滤层,以及贴合于所述静电纺过滤层的支撑保护层。本发明由依次设置的熔喷过滤层、静电纺过滤层和支撑保护层构成,熔喷过滤层能够对空气进行初步过滤,然后通过静电纺过滤层对空气进行进一步过滤,从而能够实现高效过滤效果,最后由支撑保护层对静电保护层进行防护和支撑,避免静电保护层的破裂和脱落,进而使滤材能够拥有持久的过滤效果。本发明提供的滤材具有高效且持久的过滤效果,因而能够满足不同场景下的空气过滤要求,其制备方法能够在不增加新的设备之下完成相应滤材的制备。

Description

一种高效空气过滤的滤材及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于空气净化领域,更具体地,涉及一种高效空气过滤的滤材及其制备方法。
背景技术
在电力、电子、生物医药、饮料食品等各个领域,高效空气滤芯是必不可少的关键件,它有效提高了空气洁净度,保证了产品质量以及设备运行的稳定性。传统技术的滤材包括静电纺层和熔喷层,由于静电纺层的孔径小,容易堵,并且容易破裂,使得滤材的过滤效果较差,且效率持久性差。对于传统技术中存在的问题,采用替换材料或改变结构的方式,均未能解决其问题。因此,如何提高滤材持久高效的过滤效果是亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺陷,本发明提供一种高效空气过滤的滤材及其制备方法,旨在解决传统滤材过滤效果差的问题。
为实现上述目的,按照本发明的一个方面,提供了一种高效空气过滤的滤材,其特征在于,包括熔喷过滤层,贴合于所述熔喷过滤层的静电纺过滤层,以及贴合于所述静电纺过滤层的支撑保护层。所述熔喷过滤层为熔喷制成的纤维形成的多孔网状结构;所述静电纺过滤层为静电纺丝制成的纤维形成的多孔网状结构;所述支撑保护层为纺粘纤维制成的多孔网状结构。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述熔喷过滤层、静电纺过滤层和支撑保护层的材料为聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、尼龙、聚偏氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯中的一种或几种。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述熔喷过滤层的纤维丝的平均直径为2μm~10μm,定量为30g/m2~50g/m2,厚度为0.15mm~0.4mm,透气度为700mm/s~1200mm/s。所述定量为面密度,即单位面积内的重量。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述静电纺过滤层的纤维丝的平均直径为0.3μm~0.6μm,定量为5g/m2~15g/m2,厚度为0.1mm~0.2mm,透气度为200mm/s~450mm/s。
在其中的一个实施例中,所述支撑保护层的纤维丝的平均直径为20μm~30μm,定量为20g/m2~30g/m2,厚度为0.15mm~0.3mm,透气度为2000mm/s~4000mm/s。
按照本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种高效空气过滤的滤材的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、干燥后的聚合物加热至熔融状态,挤出并通过热空气牵伸形成熔喷过滤层;
S2、将聚合物原料通过溶剂溶解,然后通过静电牵引、溶剂蒸发,喷覆在熔喷过滤层上形成静电纺过滤层;
S3、将支撑保护层贴合在静电纺过滤层上,并通过热压形成复合滤材。
在其中的一个实施例中,热压温度为支撑保护层熔点,热压的压力为1bar~3bar。
在其中的一个实施例中,热压速度为5m/min~15m/min。
在其中的一个实施例中,步骤S1中加热的温度为220℃~240℃。
在其中的一个实施例中,熔喷过滤层的熔点为170℃~180℃,熔融指数为35g/min~100g/min。
本发明提供的高效空气过滤的滤材,通过依次设置的熔喷过滤层和静电纺过滤层,相比于传统技术中先静电纺过滤层再熔喷过滤层的设置顺序,能够通过孔径较大的熔喷过滤层对大的沉积物进行初步过滤,从而对孔径较小的静电纺过滤层起到保护作用,避免其失去过滤效果。再通过静电纺过滤层进行进一步地过滤,保证滤材具备较好的过滤效果。在保证传统滤材的过滤效果不受影响的前提下,进一步通过设置支撑保护层,为静电纺过滤层提供支撑保护,避免其破损而丧失过滤效果,提高滤材过滤的持久性。本发明提供的高效空气过滤的滤材的制备方法,能够实现高效过滤且效用持久的滤材,从而实现滤材的优异性能。
附图说明
图1为发明实施例的滤材的结构示意图。
在所有附图中,相同的附图标记用来表示相同的元件或结构,其中:
1、熔喷过滤层;2、静电纺过滤层;3、支撑保护层。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示,本发明实施例提供一种高效空气过滤的滤材,该滤材包括熔喷过滤层1,贴合于所述熔喷过滤层1的静电纺过滤层2,以及贴合于所述静电纺过滤层2的支撑保护层3。其中,熔喷过滤层1为熔喷制成的纤维形成的多孔网状结构;静电纺过滤层2为静电纺丝制成的多孔网状结构;支撑保护层3为纺粘纤维制成的多孔网状结构。熔喷过滤层1用于对空气起到初步过滤的作用,静电纺过滤层2则是对空气进行进一步地过滤,支撑保护层3则是对静电纺过滤层2起到支撑加固的作用。各层的原材料可以是聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、尼龙、聚偏氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯中的一种或几种。滤材主要应用于静态过滤的场景,静态过滤即应用滤材对粉尘的捕捉来完成过滤。相比于动态过滤场景,无需通过反吹自洁来提高总容尘量,从而节约反吹自洁的能耗。
熔喷过滤层1为上游层,熔喷过滤层1的纤维平均直径为2~10μm,定量为30g/m2~50g/m2,厚度为0.15mm~0.4mm,透气度为700mm/s~1200mm/s。其中,熔喷过滤层1的纤维的平均直径适中,具备一定的过滤功能,能够对空气进行初步的过滤,将较大的沉积物拦截下来。熔喷过滤层1具有较大的定量,即单位面积内的重量较大,这使得熔喷过滤层1具有较好的结构强度,增强了滤材的强度。但熔喷过滤层1的定量不宜过大,数值过大则会降低熔喷过滤层1的透气度,从而增大熔喷过滤层1的流通阻力,进而使熔喷过滤层1的过滤性能降低。熔喷过滤层1的厚度适中,既保证熔喷过滤层1的过滤效率,又保证了熔喷过滤层1的透气度。进一步地,熔喷过滤层1的纤维熔点为170℃~180℃,熔融指数为35g/min~100g/min。在加热时按照熔喷过滤层1的熔点来设定加热熔融温度,并且熔融指数越高,聚合物熔融后流动性越好,喷出的丝才会连续,不会产生飞丝、断丝,而且纤维更细。
静电纺过滤层2为中间层,静电纺过滤层2的纤维平均直径为0.3μm~0.6μm,定量为5g/cm2~15g/cm2,厚度为0.1mm~0.2mm,透气度为200mm/s~450mm/s。其中,静电纺过滤层2的纤维平均直径较小,能够实现高效过滤,并且厚度提供一定的结构强度。
支撑保护层3为下游层,支撑保护层3的纤维平均直径为20~30μm,定量为20g/m2~30g/m2,厚度为0.15mm~0.3mm,透气度为2000mm/s~4000mm/s。支撑保护层3的纤维具有较大的平均直径,因而对空气中沉积物的过滤较少。支撑保护层3具有较大的定量,并且具有较为合适的厚度,从而具备很好的结构强度,能够为静电纺过滤层2提供很好的支撑和固定,避免静电纺过滤层2的破裂和脱落。支撑保护层3具有较好的透气度,具备很小的阻力,因此能够在保持滤材结构强度的同时,对滤材的过滤效果不产生较大的影响。
本发明实施例还提供一种高效空气过滤的滤材,其具体步骤如下:
S1、干燥后的聚合物加热至熔融状态,挤出并通过热空气牵伸形成熔喷过滤层1;具体地,将干燥后的聚合物原料经熔喷设备的料斗进入螺杆挤出机中,在螺杆挤出机中被加热熔融往前端输送,熔体经过滤后到达熔喷模头,然后从喷丝孔中挤出,同时在热空气的牵伸作用下向收集装置上喷射,形成熔喷过滤层1;
S2、将聚合物原料通过溶剂溶解,然后通过静电牵引、溶剂蒸发,喷覆在熔喷过滤层1上形成静电纺过滤层2;具体地,将聚合物原料用相应溶剂溶解,然后在静电纺丝设备中通过静电牵引、溶剂蒸发等过程,形成纳米纤维,进一步喷覆在熔喷过滤层上形成依次布置的熔喷过滤层1和静电纺过滤层2的双层结构。其中,在静电纺丝过程中,将聚合物溶液加上几千至几万伏的高压静电,从而在毛细管和接地的接收装置间产生一个强大的电场力。当电场力施加于液体的表面时,将在表面产生电流,相同电荷相斥导致了电场力与液体的表面张力的方向相反。这样,当电场力施加于液体的表面时,将产生一个向外的力,对于一个半球形状的液滴,这个向外的力就与表面张力的方向相反。随着电场力的增大,排斥的电场力将克服液滴的表面张力形成射流,同时溶剂挥发得到纳米纤维,并落在接收装置上,形成了纳米纤维过滤层。
S3、将支撑保护层3贴合在静电纺过滤层2上,并通过热压形成复合滤材;具体地,将附着静电纺过滤层2的熔喷过滤层1与支撑保护层3一起,送入热压复合设备的上压辊和下压辊之间,通过热压形成复合滤材,其中热压压力为1bar~3bar,热压温度为材料熔点,热压速度为5m/min~15m/min。其中,热压压力过大,滤材容易软化变形;热压压力过小,则复合效果差。热压速度过大,则滤材无法充分加热融合,复合效果差;热压速度过小,则滤材容易软化变形。
下面用具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明,但本发明不仅局限于以下具体实施例。
(实施例一)
本实施例的空气滤材包括熔喷过滤层1、静电纺过滤层2和支撑保护层3。本实施例中,熔喷过滤层1的原材料是聚偏氟乙烯,静电纺过滤层2的原材料是聚丙烯,支撑保护层3的原材料是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。本实施例中,熔喷过滤层1的过滤效率为55%(0.3μm、5.33cm/s),静电纺过滤层2的过滤效率为99.5%(0.3μm、5.33cm/s);本实施例中,熔喷过滤层1中的纤维平均直径为5μm,静电纺过滤层2中的纤维平均直径为0.45μm,支撑保护层3中的纤维平均直径为25μm。本实施例中,熔喷过滤层1的定量为40g/m2,静电纺过滤层2的定量为10g/m2,支撑保护层3的定量为20g/m2。本实施例中,熔喷过滤层1的厚度为0.25mm,静电纺过滤层2的厚度为0.15mm,支撑保护层3的厚度为0.16mm。本实施例中,熔喷过滤层1的透气度为1100mm/s,静电纺过滤层2的透气度为260mm/s,支撑保护层3的透气度为3200mm/s。本实施例中,熔喷过滤层1中的纤维熔点为175℃,熔融指数为50g/min。
本实施例还提供了上述空气滤材的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)熔喷过滤层1制备
将干燥后的聚丙烯颗粒从料斗进入螺杆挤出机中,在螺杆挤出设备中被加热熔融(260℃)后往前端输送,熔体经过滤后到达熔喷模头,然后从喷丝孔中挤出,同时在热空气(200℃)的牵伸作用下向卷取装置上喷射,形成熔喷过滤层1。
(2)静电纺过滤层2制备
先将干燥后的聚偏氟乙烯颗粒用溶剂N,N二甲基甲酰胺和丙酮溶解,溶液浓度为20%,纺丝液通过计量泵后和喷头后,利用高压静电发生器中的静电牵引(静电电压为15kV)形成纺丝(纺丝距离为20cm,纺丝液挤出速率为3ml/h),溶剂蒸发后,纺丝收集在熔喷过滤层1上。
(3)热压复合
进一步将附着静电纺过滤层2的熔喷过滤层1与支撑保护层3一起,送入热压复合设备的上压辊和下压辊之间加固,形成复合滤材。本实施例中,热压压力为1.5bar,热压温度为170℃,热压速度为10m/min。在其他实施例中,热压压力还可以为1bar、2bar,2.5bar、3bar等,热压速度可以为5m/min、8m/min、12m/min、15m/min等。
(实施例二)
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于:熔喷过滤层1的过滤效率为65%,纤维平均直径为4μm,定量为45g/m2,厚度为0.27mm;静电纺过滤层2过滤效率99.92%,纤维平均直径为0.3μm,定量为12g/m2,厚度为0.16mm;惯性拦截过滤层1的透气度为1050mm/s,扩散拦截过滤层2的透气度为240mm/s。
本发明实施例提供的一种高效空气过滤的滤芯,将熔喷过滤层1作为进风面,对空气中较大的沉积物进行初步的过滤,再通过静电纺过滤层2实现更精细化的过滤,从而达到高效过滤空气。在静电纺过滤层2上还设置有支撑保护层3,该支撑保护层3对静电纺过滤层2进行支撑保护,避免静电纺过滤层2的破裂或脱落,从而延长滤材的使用时间,使其具备持久的过滤性能。本发明实施例提供的制备方法简单易操作,能够制备出具备高效过滤性能的滤材,并且实现滤材的持久过滤性能。
本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种高效空气过滤的滤材,其特征在于,包括熔喷过滤层(1),贴合于所述熔喷过滤层(1)的静电纺过滤层(2),以及贴合于所述静电纺过滤层(2)的支撑保护层(3),
所述熔喷过滤层(1)为熔喷制成的纤维形成的多孔网状结构;
所述静电纺过滤层(2)为静电纺丝制成的纤维形成的多孔网状结构;
所述支撑保护层(3)为纺粘纤维制成的多孔网状结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高效空气过滤的滤材,其特征在于,所述熔喷过滤层(1)、静电纺过滤层(2)和支撑保护层(3)的材料为聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、尼龙、聚偏氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高效空气过滤的滤材,其特征在于,所述熔喷过滤层(1)的纤维丝的平均直径为2μm~10μm,定量为30g/m2~50g/m2,厚度为0.15mm~0.4mm,透气度为700mm/s~1200mm/s。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高效空气过滤的滤材,其特征在于,所述静电纺过滤层(2)的纤维丝的平均直径为0.3μm~0.6μm,定量为5g/m2~15g/m2,厚度为0.1mm~0.2mm,透气度为200mm/s~450mm/s。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高效空气过滤的滤材,其特征在于,所述支撑保护层(3)的纤维丝的平均直径为20μm~30μm,定量为20g/m2~30g/m2,厚度为0.15mm~0.3mm,透气度为2000mm/s~4000mm/s。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种高效空气过滤的滤材的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、干燥后的聚合物加热至熔融状态,挤出并通过热空气牵伸形成熔喷过滤层(1);
S2、将聚合物原料通过溶剂溶解,然后通过静电牵引、溶剂蒸发,喷覆在熔喷过滤层(1)上形成静电纺过滤层(2);
S3、将支撑保护层(3)贴合在静电纺过滤层(2)上,并通过热压形成复合滤材。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种高效空气过滤的滤材的制备方法,其特征在于,热压温度为支撑保护层(3)熔点,热压的压力为1bar~3bar。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种高效空气过滤的滤材的制备方法,其特征在于,热压速度为5m/min~15m/min。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种高效空气过滤的滤材的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中加热的温度为220℃~240℃。
10.根据权利要求6所述的高效空气过滤的滤材,其特征在于,所述熔喷过滤层(1)的熔点为170℃~180℃,熔融指数为35g/min~100g/min。
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