CN115152387B - Fertilizing method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of fruit and vegetable crops - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of fruit and vegetable crops Download PDFInfo
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- CN115152387B CN115152387B CN202210794501.6A CN202210794501A CN115152387B CN 115152387 B CN115152387 B CN 115152387B CN 202210794501 A CN202210794501 A CN 202210794501A CN 115152387 B CN115152387 B CN 115152387B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizing method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of fruit and vegetable crops, belonging to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, wherein the fertilizing method comprises base fertilizer fertilization and additional fertilizer fertilization; in the fertilizing method, the prepared composite urease inhibitor particles have stable release rate at different temperatures, the complete release time is 42.7-44.3h at 5 ℃, 43.1-44.2h at 10 ℃, 39.6-43.0h at 20 ℃ and 40.6-41.5h at 30 ℃.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of fruit and vegetable crops, belonging to the technical field of vegetable cultivation.
Background
In order to provide nutrition for crops with the fertilizer, a fertilizer synergist is required to meet the requirements of the crops on root promotion, growth promotion, stress resistance, disease resistance, flower promotion, fruit retention and quality improvement, and the fertilizer synergist can improve soil, solve a plurality of symptoms caused by continuous cropping of the crops, greatly improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and further achieve the effects of saving fertilizer and increasing yield.
The fertilizer synergist is a general term for non-nutrient substances capable of improving the absorption and utilization of crops on fertilizers, and has the characteristics that the fertilizer synergist cannot directly provide nutrients for the crops, and the fertilizer synergist mainly has the effect of improving the utilization rate of the fertilizers or solving the problem that the nutrients cannot be solved, so that the fertilizer saving and yield increase are realized.
The nitrogen fertilizer is a fertilizer variety with the largest production and use amount of chemical fertilizers in the world, the appropriate nitrogen fertilizer use amount plays an important role in improving crop yield and improving the quality of agricultural products, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is a single fertilizer category in China, mainly refers to a urease inhibitor and a nitrification inhibitor, and the improvement of the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is the main direction for improving the fertilizer utilization rate due to the large demand amount of the nitrogen fertilizer and the lowest utilization rate.
CN111226560A discloses a facility vegetable fertilization method for reducing nitrogen leaching loss and application thereof, during the top dressing process, urease inhibitor is used to reduce urea leaching loss, but the urease inhibitor in the soil can also cause self decomposition and loss due to too high rainfall or high soil water content, so that urea loss is caused, and further multiple top dressing is required, and the fertilizer saving effect is lost.
The principle of the urease inhibitor is that urease inhibitor is inhibited, urease existing in soil can catalyze urea to decompose into carbon dioxide and water, urea decomposition can be inhibited after the activity of the urease is inhibited, the utilization rate of the urea can be improved, the urease inhibitor is mainly represented by N-butyl thiophosphoryl triamide (NBPT), the urease inhibitor is strong in acid and alkali resistance and can be used in acid and alkali environment soil, but the performance of the urease inhibitor is greatly influenced by the water content and rainfall of the soil, so that the yield increasing effect of the urease inhibitor in the field is unstable, the soil in China is generally low in organic matters, a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is required to be added, the soil and the environment conditions are complex, and the instability of the urease inhibitor is aggravated.
CN104193560A discloses a blue algae based urease inhibitor slow-release body and a preparation method thereof, blue algae mud is used as a slow-release carrier and loaded with NBPT, thereby achieving a slow-release effect and reducing NBPT loss rate to a certain extent, but the release speed is greatly influenced by temperature, the release speed in a high-temperature environment is too high, and further the long-time fertilizer saving and synergistic function cannot be achieved.
In conclusion, in the sustained release carrier loaded with NBPT in the prior art, the binding force of NBPT and the carrier is weak, so that NBPT is released quickly at high temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and the release rate of NBPT in a high-temperature environment of an NBPT sustained-release body is reduced by preparing the composite urease inhibitor particles and further providing a fertilizing method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fertilizing method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of fruit and vegetable crops comprises base fertilizer application and additional fertilizer application.
The following is a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the method for fertilizing the base fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing a nitrogen fertilizer and composite urease inhibitor particles according to a mass ratio of 2-3 to 2-3 at 18-22 days before crop sowing, applying the mixture to turn-up soil with a depth of 4.5-5.5cm, fully and uniformly mixing the mixture with the turn-up soil, wherein the fertilizer application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 22-27 kg/mu, applying a potassium fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and borax to the turn-up soil with a depth of 4.5-5.5cm, and fully and uniformly mixing the mixture with the turn-up soil, wherein the fertilizer application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 18-22 kg/mu, the fertilizer application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 45-55 kg/mu, and the fertilizer application amount of the borax is 2.5-3.5 kg/mu;
the N content of the nitrogen fertilizer is 46-48wt%;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content is 50-53wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content is 17.5-18.5wt%;
the steps of top dressing and fertilizing comprise primary top dressing and secondary top dressing;
the primary topdressing method comprises the steps of performing primary topdressing 25-35 days after sowing or field planting, and applying a fertilizer application method, wherein a nitrogen fertilizer and composite urease inhibitor particles are mixed according to a mass ratio of 100;
the N content of the nitrogen fertilizer is 46-48wt%;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content is 50-53wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content is 17.5-18.5wt%;
the secondary topdressing method comprises the steps of performing secondary topdressing 55-65 days after primary topdressing, and applying a broadcasting method to the surface of a crop field by mixing a nitrogen fertilizer and composite urease inhibitor particles according to the mass ratio of 100:1.3-1.8, wherein the fertilizing amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 8-12 kg/mu, and simultaneously applying a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer to the surface of the crop field, the fertilizing amount of the potassium fertilizer is 8-12 kg/mu, and the fertilizing amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 45-55 kg/mu;
the N content of the nitrogen fertilizer is 46-48wt%;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content is 50-53wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content is 17.5-18.5wt%;
the preparation method of the composite urease inhibitor particles comprises the steps of preparing a zeolite carrier, treating the zeolite carrier by silane, loading and coating alginic acid;
the preparation method of the zeolite carrier comprises the steps of mixing zeolite powder and ammonium molybdate, uniformly stirring, sieving with a 400-600-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder, putting the mixed powder into a muffle furnace, controlling the heating rate to be 4-6 ℃/min, heating to 420-470 ℃, calcining at 420-470 ℃ for 100-150min, quickly taking out after calcining, putting into an ice hydrochloric acid bath at 0-2 ℃, controlling the stirring rate to be 400-600r/min, stirring for 40-70min, filtering, washing and drying after stirring to obtain the zeolite carrier;
the mass ratio of the zeolite powder to the ammonium molybdate is 18-23;
the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the ice hydrochloric acid bath is 1;
the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid in the ice hydrochloric acid bath is 13-17%, and the ice hydrochloric acid bath contains ferric chloride with the mass concentration of 1.5-2.5%;
mixing a zeolite carrier with deionized water, stirring to uniformly disperse the zeolite carrier, adding fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, controlling the stirring speed to 1350-1650r/min, stirring for 130-180min, filtering and drying after stirring to obtain a primarily treated zeolite carrier, slowly dropwise adding a silane solution into the primarily treated zeolite carrier at a dropwise adding speed of 80-150mL/min, stirring while dropwise adding, controlling the stirring speed to 700-1000r/min, keeping the stirring speed unchanged after dropwise adding is completed, continuously stirring for 170-200min, leaching with ethanol after stirring, and drying to obtain the silane-treated zeolite carrier;
the mass ratio of the zeolite carrier to the deionized water to the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is 4.5-5.5;
the mass ratio of the silane solution to the primary treatment zeolite carrier is 13-17;
the silane solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4.5-5.5 parts of tetramethyl tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane, 0.8-1.2 parts of diphenyl silanediol and 20-25 parts of N, N-dimethylformamide;
mixing n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and dichloromethane, adding silane to treat a zeolite carrier, controlling the stirring speed to be 800-900r/min, stirring for 25-40min, controlling the temperature to be 35-45 ℃ after stirring, and evaporating dichloromethane to obtain the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide loaded zeolite;
the mass ratio of the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide to the dichloromethane is 1;
the mass ratio of the silane-treated zeolite carrier to the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide is 4.5-5.5;
dispersing zeolite loaded with n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide in deionized water, adding alginic acid, controlling the stirring speed to be 250-350r/min, stirring for 45-60min to obtain a mixture, then adjusting the stirring speed to be 150-250r/min, adjusting the temperature to be 40-50 ℃, carrying out constant-temperature evaporation on the mixture, and crushing the mixture until the water content is 9-11wt%, so as to obtain composite urease inhibitor particles, wherein the zeolite is completely sieved by a 250-320 mesh sieve;
the mass ratio of the zeolite loaded with the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, the deionized water and the alginic acid is 4.5-5.5.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the fertilizing method, the prepared composite urease inhibitor particles have stable release rate at different temperatures, the complete release time is 42.7-44.3h at 5 ℃, 43.1-44.2h at 10 ℃, 39.6-43.0h at 20 ℃ and 40.6-41.5h at 30 ℃;
the fertilizing method can effectively improve the soil quality and the organic matter content of the soilThe total nitrogen content of the improved soil is 1.51 to 1.55 weight percent, the total nitrogen content of the improved soil is 0.1789 to 0.1832 weight percent, the volume weight of the soil can be reduced, and the volume weight of the improved soil is 1.4255 to 1.4317 g/cm 3 The physical clay particle proportion in the soil can be improved, and the improved soil physical clay particle proportion is 51.24 to 51.35 weight percent;
the fertilizing method can effectively improve the yield and quality of crops, the average yield of the pepper is 2520-2600 kg/mu, the fresh weight of a single fruit of the pepper is 21.9-22.6g, the fruit length of the pepper is 16.7-17.2cm, the vitamin C content of the pepper is 191-195 mg/100g, and the carotene content of the pepper is 207-218 mu g/100g when the fertilizing method is applied to pepper planting.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Base fertilizer application
20 days before crops are sowed, ploughing the sowed soil, applying fertilizers, mixing nitrogen fertilizers and composite urease inhibitor particles according to a mass ratio of 100:2.5, applying the mixture into ploughed soil with the depth of 5cm, and fully and uniformly mixing the mixture with the ploughed soil, wherein the fertilizer application amount of the nitrogen fertilizers is 25 kg/mu, and simultaneously applying potassium fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and borax into ploughed soil with the depth of 5cm, and fully and uniformly mixing the mixture with the ploughed soil, wherein the fertilizer application amount of the potassium fertilizers is 20 kg/mu, the fertilizer application amount of the phosphate fertilizers is 50 kg/mu, and the fertilizer application amount of the borax is 3 kg/mu;
the N content of the nitrogen fertilizer is 47wt%;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content was 52wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content was 18wt%.
(2) Topdressing and fertilizing
a. Once top dressing
Performing primary topdressing 30 days after sowing or field planting, and applying a fertilizer mixture of a nitrogen fertilizer and composite urease inhibitor particles according to a mass ratio of 100 to 3.5 to the surface of a crop field, wherein the fertilizer application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 10 kg/mu, and simultaneously applying a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer to the surface of the crop field, the fertilizer application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 15 kg/mu, and the fertilizer application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 70 kg/mu;
the N content of the nitrogen fertilizer is 47wt%;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content was 52wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content is 18wt%;
b. secondary top application
After 60 days of the primary top dressing, performing secondary top dressing, and applying a mixture of a nitrogen fertilizer and the composite urease inhibitor particles according to a mass ratio of 100.5 to the surface of a crop field, wherein the fertilizer application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 10 kg/mu, and the fertilizer application amount of a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer is 50 kg/mu;
the N content of the nitrogen fertilizer is 47wt%;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content was 52wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content was 18wt%.
The preparation method of the composite urease inhibitor particles comprises the following steps:
a. preparation of Zeolite support
Mixing zeolite powder and ammonium molybdate, uniformly stirring, sieving with a 500-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder, putting the mixed powder into a muffle furnace, controlling the heating rate to be 5 ℃/min, heating to 450 ℃, calcining at 450 ℃ for 110min, quickly taking out after calcining, putting into an ice hydrochloric acid bath at 0 ℃, controlling the stirring rate to be 500r/min, stirring for 50min, filtering, washing and drying after stirring to obtain a zeolite carrier;
the mass ratio of the zeolite powder to the ammonium molybdate is 20;
the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the ice hydrochloric acid bath is 1;
the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid in the ice hydrochloric acid bath is 15%, and the ice hydrochloric acid bath contains ferric chloride with the mass concentration of 2%;
b. zeolite support silane treatment
Mixing a zeolite carrier with deionized water, stirring to uniformly disperse the zeolite carrier, adding fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, controlling the stirring speed to 1550r/min, stirring for 140min, filtering and drying after stirring to obtain a primary treated zeolite carrier, slowly dropwise adding a silane solution into the primary treated zeolite carrier at a dropwise adding speed of 100mL/min, stirring while dropwise adding, controlling the stirring speed to 750r/min, keeping the stirring speed unchanged after dropwise adding is completed, continuously stirring for 180min, leaching with ethanol after stirring, and drying to obtain the silane treated zeolite carrier;
the mass ratio of the zeolite carrier to the deionized water to the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is 5;
the mass ratio of the silane solution to the primary treatment zeolite carrier is 15;
the silane solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5 parts of tetramethyl tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane, 1 part of diphenyl silanediol and 22 parts of N, N-dimethylformamide;
c. load(s)
Mixing n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and dichloromethane, adding silane to treat a zeolite carrier, stirring at a stirring speed of 850r/min for 30min, controlling the temperature to be 40 ℃ after stirring, and evaporating dichloromethane to obtain zeolite loaded with the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide;
the mass ratio of the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide to the dichloromethane is 1;
the mass ratio of the silane-treated zeolite carrier to the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide is 5;
d. coated alginic acid
Dispersing zeolite loaded with n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide in deionized water, adding alginic acid, controlling the stirring speed to be 300r/min, stirring for 50min to obtain a mixture, then adjusting the stirring speed to be 200r/min, adjusting the temperature to be 45 ℃, carrying out constant-temperature evaporation on the mixture until the water content is 10wt%, and crushing the mixture until the mixture completely passes through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain composite urease inhibitor particles;
the mass ratio of the zeolite loaded with the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, the deionized water and the alginic acid is 5.
Example 2
(1) Base fertilizer application
Ploughing the sowed soil 18 days before the crops are sowed, applying fertilizer, mixing a nitrogen fertilizer and composite urease inhibitor particles according to a mass ratio of 100;
the N content of the nitrogen fertilizer is 46wt%;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content is 50wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content was 17.5wt%.
(2) Topdressing and fertilizing
a. Once top dressing
Performing primary topdressing 25 days after sowing or field planting, and applying a mixture of a nitrogen fertilizer and composite urease inhibitor particles according to a mass ratio of 100;
the N content of the nitrogen fertilizer is 46wt%;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content is 50wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content was 17.5wt%;
b. secondary top application
55 days after the primary topdressing, performing secondary topdressing, and applying a mixture of a nitrogen fertilizer and composite urease inhibitor particles according to a mass ratio of 100:1.3 to the surface of a crop field, wherein the fertilizing amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 12 kg/mu, and simultaneously applying a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer to the surface of the crop field, the fertilizing amount of the potassium fertilizer is 12 kg/mu, and the fertilizing amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 55 kg/mu;
the N content of the nitrogen fertilizer is 46wt%;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content is 50wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content was 17.5wt%.
The preparation method of the composite urease inhibitor particles comprises the following steps:
a. preparation of Zeolite support
Mixing zeolite powder and ammonium molybdate, uniformly stirring, sieving with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder, putting the mixed powder into a muffle furnace, controlling the heating rate to be 4 ℃/min, heating to the temperature of 420 ℃, calcining at the temperature of 420 ℃ for 150min, quickly taking out after calcining, putting into an ice hydrochloric acid bath at the temperature of 1 ℃, controlling the stirring rate to be 400r/min, stirring for 70min, filtering, washing and drying after stirring to obtain a zeolite carrier;
the mass ratio of the zeolite powder to the ammonium molybdate is 18;
the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the ice hydrochloric acid bath is 1;
the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid in the ice hydrochloric acid bath is 17%, and the ice hydrochloric acid bath contains ferric chloride with the mass concentration of 2.5%;
b. zeolite support silane treatment
Mixing a zeolite carrier with deionized water, stirring to uniformly disperse the zeolite carrier, adding fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, controlling the stirring speed to 1350r/min, stirring for 180min, filtering and drying after stirring to obtain a primary treated zeolite carrier, slowly dropwise adding a silane solution into the primary treated zeolite carrier at a dropwise adding speed of 80mL/min, stirring while dropwise adding, controlling the stirring speed to 700r/min, keeping the stirring speed unchanged after dropwise adding is finished, continuously stirring for 200min, and leaching and drying by ethanol after stirring to obtain the silane treated zeolite carrier;
the mass ratio of the zeolite carrier to the deionized water to the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is 4.5;
the mass ratio of the silane solution to the preliminarily treated zeolite carrier is 13;
the silane solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4.5 parts of tetramethyl tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane, 0.8 part of diphenyl silanediol and 20 parts of N, N-dimethylformamide;
c. load(s)
Mixing n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and dichloromethane, adding silane to treat a zeolite carrier, controlling the stirring speed to be 800r/min, stirring for 40min, controlling the temperature to be 35 ℃ after stirring, and evaporating dichloromethane to obtain zeolite loaded with the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide;
the mass ratio of the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide to the dichloromethane is 1;
the mass ratio of the silane-treated zeolite carrier to the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide is 4.5;
d. coated with alginic acid
Dispersing zeolite loaded with n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide in deionized water, adding alginic acid, controlling the stirring speed to be 250r/min, stirring for 60min to obtain a mixture, then adjusting the stirring speed to be 150r/min, adjusting the temperature to be 50 ℃, carrying out constant-temperature evaporation on the mixture until the water content is 9wt%, and crushing the mixture until the mixture completely passes through a 250-mesh sieve to obtain composite urease inhibitor particles;
the mass ratio of the zeolite loaded with the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, the deionized water and the alginic acid is (4.5).
Example 3
(1) Base fertilizer application
Ploughing the sowed soil 22 days before the crops are sowed, applying fertilizer, mixing a nitrogen fertilizer and composite urease inhibitor particles according to a mass ratio of 100;
the N content of the nitrogen fertilizer is 48wt%;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content was 53wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content was 18.5wt%.
(2) Topdressing and fertilizing
a. Once top dressing
Performing primary topdressing 35 days after sowing or field planting, and applying a fertilizer mixture of a nitrogen fertilizer and composite urease inhibitor particles according to a mass ratio of 100;
the N content of the nitrogen fertilizer is 48wt%;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content was 53wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content was 18.5wt%;
b. secondary top dressing
After 65 days of the primary topdressing, performing secondary topdressing, and applying a fertilizer mixture of a nitrogen fertilizer and composite urease inhibitor particles to the surface of a crop field by adopting a spreading method according to the mass ratio of 100;
the N content of the nitrogen fertilizer is 48wt%;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content was 53wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content was 18.5wt%.
The preparation method of the composite urease inhibitor particles comprises the following steps:
a. preparation of Zeolite support
Mixing zeolite powder and ammonium molybdate, uniformly stirring, sieving with a 600-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder, putting the mixed powder into a muffle furnace, controlling the heating rate to be 6 ℃/min, heating to 470 ℃, calcining for 100min at 470 ℃, quickly taking out after calcining, putting into an ice hydrochloric acid bath at 2 ℃, controlling the stirring rate to be 600r/min, stirring for 40min, filtering, washing and drying after stirring to obtain a zeolite carrier;
the mass ratio of the zeolite powder to the ammonium molybdate is 23;
the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the ice hydrochloric acid bath is 1;
the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid in the ice hydrochloric acid bath is 13%, and the ice hydrochloric acid bath contains ferric chloride with the mass concentration of 1.5%;
b. silane treatment of zeolite support
Mixing a zeolite carrier with deionized water, stirring to uniformly disperse the zeolite carrier, adding fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, controlling the stirring speed to 1650r/min, stirring for 130min, filtering and drying after stirring to obtain a primary treated zeolite carrier, slowly dropwise adding a silane solution into the primary treated zeolite carrier at a dropwise adding speed of 150mL/min, stirring while dropwise adding, controlling the stirring speed to 1000r/min, keeping the stirring speed unchanged after dropwise adding is completed, continuously stirring for 170min, leaching with ethanol after stirring, and drying to obtain the silane treated zeolite carrier;
the mass ratio of the zeolite carrier to the deionized water to the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is 5.5;
the mass ratio of the silane solution to the primary treatment zeolite carrier is 17;
the silane solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5.5 parts of tetramethyl tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane, 1.2 parts of diphenyl silanediol and 25 parts of N, N-dimethylformamide;
c. load(s)
Mixing n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and dichloromethane, adding silane to treat a zeolite carrier, controlling the stirring speed to be 900r/min, stirring for 25min, controlling the temperature to be 45 ℃ after stirring, and evaporating dichloromethane to obtain zeolite loaded with the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide;
the mass ratio of the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide to the dichloromethane is 1;
the mass ratio of the silane-treated zeolite carrier to the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide is 5.5;
d. coated alginic acid
Dispersing zeolite loaded with n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide in deionized water, adding alginic acid, controlling the stirring speed to be 350r/min, stirring for 45min to obtain a mixture, then adjusting the stirring speed to be 250r/min, adjusting the temperature to be 40 ℃, carrying out constant-temperature evaporation on the mixture until the water content is 11wt%, and crushing the mixture until the mixture completely passes through a 320-mesh sieve to obtain composite urease inhibitor particles;
the mass ratio of the zeolite loaded with the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, the deionized water and the alginic acid is 5.5.
Comparative example 1
On the basis of example 1, in the step of preparing the composite urease inhibitor particles, the step of preparing zeolite carriers is omitted, in the step of treating the zeolite carriers by using silane, untreated zeolite powder is used for replacing the zeolite carriers to prepare the composite urease inhibitor particles, and the rest steps are the same, and fertilization is carried out.
Comparative example 2
On the basis of example 1, in the step of preparing the composite urease inhibitor particles, the step of treating zeolite carrier silane is omitted, after the preparation of the zeolite carrier is completed, the loading step is directly carried out to prepare the composite urease inhibitor particles, and the rest steps are the same, and fertilization is carried out.
Example 4 testing of Release Effect of Complex urease inhibitor particles at different temperatures
The composite urease inhibitor granules prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 are respectively mixed with deionized water at different temperatures, wherein the temperatures are respectively 5 ℃,10 ℃,20 ℃ and 30 ℃, the time required by the complete release of the components is tested and counted, and the statistical result is shown in the table 1;
the mass ratio of the composite urease inhibitor particles to the deionized water is 2.
Example 5 improvement effect test of fertilization method on soil index
The fertilization methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were applied to pepper planting, respectively, pepper variety horticulture No. five was planted in the same soil quality index cultivated land, soil index was tested before plowing, pepper was planted and harvested, and soil index was tested at the same time in the second year, and the indexes are shown in table 2.
Example 6 test of yield and quality increasing effect of the fertilizing method on pepper
The fertilizing methods of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 are respectively applied to pepper planting, the pepper variety is horticulture No. five, the pepper variety is planted in cultivated lands with the same soil quality index, after harvesting, the yield and the quality index of the pepper are measured, and the data are shown in a table 3.
Claims (4)
1. A fertilization method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of fruit and vegetable crops is characterized by comprising base fertilizer fertilization and additional fertilization;
the method for fertilizing the base fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing a nitrogen fertilizer and composite urease inhibitor particles according to a mass ratio of 100 to 2-3 at 18-22 days before crop sowing, applying the mixture to plowed soil with a depth of 4.5-5.5cm, and fully and uniformly mixing the mixture with the plowed soil, wherein the fertilizing amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 22-27 kg/mu, and simultaneously applying a potassium fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and borax to plowed soil with a depth of 4.5-5.5cm, and fully and uniformly mixing the mixture with the plowed soil, wherein the fertilizing amount of the potassium fertilizer is 18-22 kg/mu, the fertilizing amount is 45-55 kg/mu, and the fertilizing amount of the borax is 2.5-3.5 kg/mu;
the steps of top dressing and fertilizing comprise primary top dressing and secondary top dressing;
the primary topdressing method comprises the steps of performing primary topdressing 25-35 days after sowing or field planting, and applying a fertilizer application method, wherein a nitrogen fertilizer and composite urease inhibitor particles are mixed according to a mass ratio of 100;
the secondary topdressing method comprises the steps of performing secondary topdressing 55-65 days after primary topdressing, and applying a broadcasting method to the surface of a crop field by mixing a nitrogen fertilizer and composite urease inhibitor particles according to the mass ratio of 100:1.3-1.8, wherein the fertilizing amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 8-12 kg/mu, and simultaneously applying a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer to the surface of the crop field, the fertilizing amount of the potassium fertilizer is 8-12 kg/mu, and the fertilizing amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 45-55 kg/mu;
the preparation method of the composite urease inhibitor particles comprises the steps of preparing a zeolite carrier, treating the zeolite carrier by silane, loading and coating alginic acid;
the preparation method of the zeolite carrier comprises the steps of mixing zeolite powder and ammonium molybdate, uniformly stirring, sieving with a 400-600-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder, putting the mixed powder into a muffle furnace, controlling the heating rate to be 4-6 ℃/min, heating to 420-470 ℃, calcining at 420-470 ℃ for 100-150min, quickly taking out after calcining, putting into an ice hydrochloric acid bath at 0-2 ℃, controlling the stirring rate to be 400-600r/min, stirring for 40-70min, filtering, washing and drying after stirring to obtain the zeolite carrier;
the mass ratio of the zeolite powder to the ammonium molybdate is 18-23;
the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the ice hydrochloric acid bath is 1;
the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid in the ice hydrochloric acid bath is 13-17%, and the ice hydrochloric acid bath contains ferric chloride with the mass concentration of 1.5-2.5%;
mixing a zeolite carrier with deionized water, stirring to uniformly disperse the zeolite carrier, adding fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, controlling the stirring speed to be 1350-1650r/min, stirring for 130-180min, filtering and drying to obtain a primary treated zeolite carrier, slowly dropwise adding a silane solution into the primary treated zeolite carrier at a dropwise adding speed of 80-150mL/min, stirring while dropwise adding, controlling the stirring speed to be 700-1000r/min, keeping the stirring speed unchanged after dropwise adding is completed, continuously stirring for 170-200min, leaching with ethanol after stirring, and drying to obtain the silane-treated zeolite carrier;
the mass ratio of the zeolite carrier to the deionized water to the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is 4.5-5.5;
the mass ratio of the silane solution to the preliminarily treated zeolite carrier is 13-17;
the silane solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4.5-5.5 parts of tetramethyl tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane, 0.8-1.2 parts of diphenyl silanediol and 20-25 parts of N, N-dimethylformamide;
mixing n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and dichloromethane, adding silane to treat a zeolite carrier, controlling the stirring speed to be 800-900r/min, stirring for 25-40min, and evaporating dichloromethane after stirring to obtain the zeolite loaded with the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide;
the mass ratio of the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide to the dichloromethane is 1;
the mass ratio of the silane-treated zeolite carrier to the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide is 4.5-5.5;
dispersing zeolite loaded with n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide in deionized water, adding alginic acid, controlling the stirring speed to be 250-350r/min, stirring for 45-60min to obtain a mixture, evaporating the mixture at constant temperature until the water content is 9-11wt%, and crushing the mixture until the mixture completely passes through a 250-320-mesh sieve to obtain composite urease inhibitor particles;
the mass ratio of the zeolite loaded with the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, the deionized water and the alginic acid is 4.5-5.5.
2. The fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of fruit and vegetable crops as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:
in the steps of base fertilizer application, primary additional fertilizer application and secondary additional fertilizer application, the N content of the nitrogen fertilizer is 46-48wt%, and the K content of the potassium fertilizer is 46-48wt% 2 O content of 50-53wt%, P of phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content is 17.5-18.5wt%.
3. The fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of fruit and vegetable crops as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:
in the loading step, the temperature for evaporating dichloromethane is 35-45 ℃.
4. The fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of fruit and vegetable crops as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step of coating alginic acid, the stirring speed of constant temperature evaporation is 150-250r/min, and the temperature of constant temperature evaporation is 40-50 ℃.
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