CN115142071A - Flower-shaped catalyst, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Flower-shaped catalyst, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115142071A CN115142071A CN202210865341.XA CN202210865341A CN115142071A CN 115142071 A CN115142071 A CN 115142071A CN 202210865341 A CN202210865341 A CN 202210865341A CN 115142071 A CN115142071 A CN 115142071A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
- C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
- C25B11/061—Metal or alloy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
- C25B11/081—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound the element being a noble metal
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Abstract
The invention discloses a flower-shaped catalyst, the grain diameter of which is 100-1000 nm, sponge AlTi alloy with oxidized surface is used as a carrier, and flower-shaped platinum particles with the carrying capacity of 2-30 percent are used as an active center; the invention also discloses a preparation method of the flower-shaped catalyst, which is prepared by depositing flower-shaped platinum particles on an AlTi alloy carrier by an electrochemical deposition method and oxidizing Al on the surface of the carrier; the invention also discloses the application of the flower-shaped catalyst in preparing hydrogen by electrocatalysis water decomposition. The flower-shaped catalyst provided by the invention has higher stability and catalytic activity. The method is suitable for preparing the flower-shaped catalyst, and the prepared flower-shaped catalyst is suitable for preparing hydrogen by electrocatalytic decomposition of water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of catalysis, and relates to an electrocatalyst, in particular to a flower-shaped catalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Nowadays, environmental pollution and energy crisis are becoming more serious, and fossil fuel reserves are limited, so that a series of researches for searching for alternative novel energy sources are initiated. Hydrogen is a renewable energy source with environmental friendliness, abundant resources and high energy density, and is one of the best substitutes for fossil fuels. The electrochemical water decomposition hydrogen production method is a simple and efficient hydrogen production method and has wide development prospect. The design and development of the electrochemical water decomposition hydrogen production electrocatalyst with high performance and high stability are the key points for improving the efficiency of the water electrolysis system.
As a very potential catalyst, commercial platinum carbon (Pt/C) catalysts show excellent activity in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution process. However, in the acidic electrolyte condition, the acidic substance has a certain corrosive effect on the carbon support, which in turn causes the shedding and aggregation of Pt particles, decreasing the stability of the catalyst. In addition, in the process of hydrogen evolution by electrolysis of water, the active center Pt has strong adsorption on intermediate products in the hydrogen evolution reaction process, and the hydrogen evolution reaction rate is reduced to a certain extent, so that the stability of the catalyst is improved by reasonably designing the structure of the catalyst; meanwhile, reducing the adsorption strength of the reaction intermediate product on the active site is an effective method for obtaining the high-performance hydrogen production electro-catalyst by decomposing water.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flower-shaped catalyst, which has acid corrosion resistance and can further improve the stability and catalytic activity of the catalyst;
the invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the flower-shaped catalyst, which realizes the purposes of simple preparation method, low cost, no need of using any template agent and no need of post-treatment process;
the invention also aims to provide the application of the flower-shaped catalyst.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the flower-shaped catalyst is formed by directionally assembling flower-shaped platinum particles, has the particle size of 100-1000 nm, takes sponge AlTi alloy with oxidized surface as a carrier, takes flower-shaped platinum particles with the loading amount of 2-30% as an active center, and is uniformly dispersed on the sponge AlTi alloy carrier with oxidized surface, and the flower-shaped catalyst is formed by directionally assembling the flower-shaped platinum particles.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the flower-shaped catalyst, which comprises the following steps in sequence:
s1, preparing an AlTi alloy carrier:
soaking a spongy AlTi alloy in an acid solution to obtain an AlTi alloy carrier;
s2. Preparation of Pt/AlTi intermediate
Taking an AlTi alloy carrier as a working electrode, a Pt wire or a Pt sheet as an auxiliary electrode, ag-AgCl as a reference electrode, and a perchloric acid solution containing a platinum metal precursor and a directional growth agent as an electrolyte, and performing electrochemical deposition to obtain a Pt/AlTi intermediate;
s3, preparation of flower-shaped catalyst
Heating the Pt/AlTi intermediate to enable the AlTi alloy to form a surface oxidation layer to obtain Pt/Al 2 O 3 the/AlTi catalyst is the flower-shaped catalyst.
By way of limitation, in step S1, the spongy AlTi alloy is produced by a 3D printing method, and the mass ratio of the metallic aluminum to the metallic titanium is 10;
soaking for 1-24 h, wherein stirring is carried out in the soaking process;
the acid solution is at least one of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.5-5 mol/L, and the concentration of the sulfuric acid is 0.5-5 mol/L.
As another limitation, in step S2, the platinum metal precursor is at least one of chloroplatinic acid, platinum acetylacetonate, and ammonium chloroplatinate;
the anion of the directional growth agent is SO 3 2- 、HSO 3 - Or H 2 PO 2 - At least one of salts, or ammonia water;
the concentration of the platinum metal precursor in the electrolyte is 0.01-2.0 mol/L, the concentration of the directional growth agent is 0.01-0.1 mol/L, and the concentration of perchloric acid is 0.05-0.2 mol/L;
the electrochemical deposition method comprises cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic deposition, galvanostatic deposition or pulsed deposition.
As a further limitation, the cyclic voltammetry has a potential of-0.1 to 0.2V;
the potential of the constant potential deposition method is-0.1V;
the constant current deposition method has the current of 0.01 to 0.5mA/cm 2 ；
The pulse deposition method was performed at 0V,0.05s; -0.1V,0.05s;0V,0.05s; one cycle of-0.1V, 0.05s was 20 cycles.
As a third limitation, in step S3, the heating is carried out in air or oxygen with a volume fraction of 10-100%, at a temperature of 60-250 ℃ for a time of 0.2-12 h.
The invention also provides application of the flower-shaped catalyst, and the flower-shaped catalyst is used for preparing hydrogen by electrocatalytic decomposition of water.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical progress that:
(1) the flower-like catalyst provided by the invention is Al formed on the surface of the carrier 2 O 3 The oxide layer has outstanding acid corrosion resistance and can effectively inhibit the corrosion of the carrier, thereby inhibiting the shedding and agglomeration of the Pt nanocrystal of the active center and effectively improving the stability of the catalyst; the AlTi alloy carrier regulates the electronic structure of the Pt active center through the electronic action, accelerates the hydrogen evolution reaction intermediate product in the process of preparing hydrogen by electrocatalytic decomposition of water from the surface of the catalystThe surface desorption rate, so that the activity of the catalyst is effectively improved; in conclusion, the flower-shaped catalyst has higher chemical reaction rate and stability when catalyzing electrolysis water to prepare hydrogen;
(2) according to the preparation method provided by the invention, the three-dimensional titanium-aluminum alloy printed by 3D is used as a carrier, and is subjected to acid treatment and platinized, so that the transmission of reactants and products is facilitated;
(3) the preparation method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that the Pt/AlTi intermediate is prepared by an electrochemical deposition method, the conditions are controllable, the preparation method is simple, the cost is low and the like;
(4) the preparation method provided by the invention takes perchloric acid solution containing platinum metal precursor and directional growth agent as electrolyte, does not need to use any template agent to control the morphology of the nanocrystalline, does not need post-treatment processes such as template agent removal, heat treatment and the like, and has the advantages of simple and convenient operation in the whole preparation process, low cost and easy mass production.
The method is suitable for preparing the flower-shaped catalyst, and the prepared flower-shaped catalyst is suitable for preparing hydrogen by electrocatalytic decomposition of water.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following figures and embodiments:
FIG. 1 shows Pt/Al catalyst obtained in example 1 2 O 3 (ii) field emission scanning electron microscopy images of AlTi;
FIG. 2 shows Pt/Al catalyst obtained in example 1 2 O 3 Transmission electron microscopy of/AlTi;
FIG. 3 shows Pt/Al catalyst obtained in example 1 2 O 3 A high angle annular dark field transmission electron microscopy image of/AlTi;
FIG. 4 shows Pt/Al catalysts obtained in example 2 2 O 3 X-ray diffraction pattern of/AlTi;
FIG. 5 shows Pt/Al catalyst obtained in example 2 2 O 3 X-ray photoelectron spectra of/AlTi and commercial Pt/C;
FIG. 6 shows Pt/Al catalysts obtained in example 1 2 O 3 Catalytic stability ratio of commercial Pt/C for AlTi and comparative samplesComparing the figures;
FIG. 7 shows Pt/Al catalyst obtained in example 2 2 O 3 Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity plots for/AlTi and comparative samples commercial Pt/C.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of a flower-shaped catalyst
The embodiment comprises the following steps which are carried out in sequence:
s1. Preparation of AlTi alloy carrier
Soaking 2g of sponge-like 3D printed AlTi alloy (the mass ratio of metal aluminum to metal titanium is 10;
s2. Preparation of Pt/AlTi intermediate
S21, weighing 2.7g of ammonium chloroplatinate and 1.76g of NaH 2 PO 2 Dissolving in 200ml perchloric acid water solution with concentration of 0.1M to obtain chloroplatinic acid (concentration of 0.03 mol/L) containing platinum metal precursor and directional growth agent NaH 2 PO 2 (concentration 0.1 mol/L), namely an electrolyte;
s22, completely immersing an AlTi alloy carrier serving as a working electrode into the electrolyte, reacting for 30min by using an Ag-AgCl as a reference electrode and a Pt wire as a counter electrode (auxiliary electrode) through a constant potential electrochemical deposition method under the potential of-0.1V (relative to a standard hydrogen electrode), and quantitatively depositing 0.12g of Pt (with the loading amount of 6%) on the carrier to obtain a Pt/AlTi intermediate;
s3, putting the Pt/AlTi intermediate into a drying oven to be dried at the temperature of 80 DEG C2Forming a surface oxidation layer on the AlTi alloy to obtain Pt/Al 2 O 3 the/AlTi catalyst is a flower-shaped catalyst alpha 1.
A field emission scanning electron microscope image of the flower catalyst α 1 is shown in FIG. 1, which is composed of Pt/Al in FIG. 1 2 O 3 The scanning electron microscope picture of the AlTi catalyst shows that the Pt nanocrystal is flower-shaped, has the size of about 500nm and is uniformly distributed on the carrier;
FIG. 2 shows a TEM image of the flower catalyst α 1, and FIG. 3 shows a TEM image of the flower catalyst α 1 in a high angle annular dark field; as can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, the Pt nanocrystals in the flower-shaped catalyst α 1 prepared in this example are flower-shaped and have a size of about 500 nm.
EXAMPLES 2 TO 6 preparation of flower-shaped catalyst
Examples 2 to 6 are methods for preparing a flower-shaped catalyst, and the steps are substantially the same as those in example 1, except for the differences in the amounts of the raw materials and the process parameters, which are specifically shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 summary of the process parameters of examples 2 to 6
Examples 2 to 6 were prepared as flower-shaped catalysts α 2 to α 6, respectively, wherein the X-ray diffraction pattern of the flower-shaped catalyst α 2 is shown in fig. 4; as can be seen from FIG. 4, al 2 O 3 the/AlTi carrier is in an amorphous state, and the Pt is in a polycrystalline structure;
the X-ray photoelectron spectra of the flower-like catalyst alpha 2 and the commercial Pt/C are shown in FIG. 5; as can be seen from fig. 5, the binding energy of Pt in the flower-like catalyst α 2 is shifted to a lower binding energy direction than Pt/C.
Example 7 Performance testing of flower catalyst
This example is a performance test of the flower-shaped catalysts prepared in examples 1 to 6, and specifically includes the following:
(1) Test for catalytic stability
A commercial Pt/C catalyst (Pt supported 20 wt%) and the flower-shaped catalyst α 1 prepared in example 1 were respectively used for the catalytic stability test, and the test method was: ag/AgCl is used as a reference electrode, pt wires are used as a counter electrode, a flower-shaped catalyst is used as a working electrode, and 0.1M HClO is used 4 As an electrolyte, recording the current decay condition along with time by adopting a constant potential method (-0.1V vs RHE);
as shown in fig. 6, it can be seen from fig. 6 that the stability of the flower catalyst α 1 is significantly improved compared to the commercial Pt/C catalyst (Pt loading of 20 wt%).
(2) Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction activity test
The commercial Pt/C catalyst (Pt supported 20 wt%) and the flower-shaped catalyst α 2 prepared in example 2 were respectively subjected to an electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction activity test, which was carried out by: ag/AgCl is used as a reference electrode, pt wire is used as a counter electrode, a flower-shaped catalyst is used as a working electrode, and 0.1M HClO is used 4 As an electrolyte, recording the change condition of current along with the potential (-0.2-0.1V vs RHE) through a polarization curve;
as shown in fig. 7, it can be seen from fig. 7 that the flower catalyst α 2 still has better activity than the commercial Pt/C catalyst when the platinum loading is lower than the commercial Pt/C catalyst (Pt loading of 20 wt%).
As can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, compared with the conventional Pt/C catalyst, the hydrogen evolution activity and stability of the flower-shaped catalyst prepared by the present invention are significantly improved, which indicates that the carrier can effectively optimize the electronic structure of Pt and improve the hydrogen evolution reaction rate of the catalyst; al formed on the surface of the carrier 2 O 3 The oxide layer has outstanding resistance to acid corrosion, so that the stability of the catalyst is improved.
Claims (7)
1. The flower-shaped catalyst is characterized in that the particle size of the flower-shaped catalyst is 100-1000 nm, sponge AlTi alloy with oxidized surface is used as a carrier, and flower-shaped platinum particles with the loading amount of 2-30% are used as active centers.
2. The method for preparing a flower-like catalyst according to claim 1, comprising the following steps carried out in sequence:
s1, preparing an AlTi alloy carrier:
soaking a spongy AlTi alloy in an acid solution to obtain an AlTi alloy carrier;
s2. Preparation of Pt/AlTi intermediate
Taking an AlTi alloy carrier as a working electrode, a Pt wire or a Pt sheet as an auxiliary electrode, ag-AgCl as a reference electrode, and a perchloric acid solution containing a platinum metal precursor and a directional growth agent as an electrolyte, and performing electrochemical deposition to obtain a Pt/AlTi intermediate;
s3, preparation of flower-shaped catalyst
Heating the Pt/AlTi intermediate to enable the AlTi alloy to form a surface oxidation layer to obtain Pt/Al 2 O 3 the/AlTi catalyst is the flower-shaped catalyst.
3. The flower-shaped catalyst preparation method according to claim 2, wherein in step S1, the sponge-shaped AlTi alloy is prepared by a 3D printing method, and the mass ratio of the metallic aluminum to the metallic titanium is 10;
soaking for 1-24 h, wherein stirring is carried out in the soaking process;
the acid solution is at least one of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.5-5 mol/L, and the concentration of the sulfuric acid is 0.5-5 mol/L.
4. The method for preparing a flower-shaped catalyst according to claim 2, wherein in step S2, the platinum metal precursor is at least one of chloroplatinic acid, platinum acetylacetonate, and ammonium chloroplatinate;
the anion of the directional growth agent is SO 3 2- 、HSO 3 - Or H 2 PO 2 - At least one of salts, or ammonia;
the concentration of the platinum metal precursor in the electrolyte is 0.01-2.0 mol/L, the concentration of the directional growth agent is 0.01-0.1 mol/L, and the concentration of perchloric acid is 0.05-0.2 mol/L;
the electrochemical deposition method comprises cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic deposition, galvanostatic deposition or pulsed deposition.
5. The method for preparing a catalyst for preparing hydrogen by flower-shaped electrocatalytic decomposition of water according to claim 4, wherein the cyclic voltammetry has a potential of-0.1 to 0.2V;
the potential of the constant potential deposition method is-0.1V;
the constant current deposition method has the current of 0.01-0.5 mA/cm 2 ；
The pulse deposition method was performed at 0V,0.05s; one cycle of-0.1V, 0.05s was 20 cycles.
6. The method of preparing a flower-shaped catalyst according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the heating in step S3 is carried out in air or oxygen with a volume fraction of 10 to 100%, at a temperature of 60 to 250 ℃ for a time of 0.2 to 12 hours.
7. Use of the flower-shaped catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the flower-shaped catalyst is used for electrocatalytic decomposition of water to produce hydrogen.
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| WO2020087115A1 (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2020-05-07 | Newsouth Innovations Pty Limited | Hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst |
| CN111411386A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-07-14 | 北京工业大学 | Method for preparing platinum/titanium dioxide nanotube composite electrode by atomic layer deposition method |
| CN112993278A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-18 | 青岛科技大学 | Flower-shaped titanium dioxide/reduced graphene composite carrier supported platinum and alloy catalyst thereof, and preparation and application thereof |
| CN113373475A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-10 | 中国人民解放军空军勤务学院 | Platinum monatomic hydrogen oxidation reaction electrocatalyst based on reactant enrichment and preparation method thereof |
| CN114045526A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-02-15 | 北京理工大学 | Self-supporting layered double-metal phosphide-graphite alkyne composite catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020087115A1 (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2020-05-07 | Newsouth Innovations Pty Limited | Hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst |
| CN110575830A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-12-17 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | platinum-containing catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111411386A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-07-14 | 北京工业大学 | Method for preparing platinum/titanium dioxide nanotube composite electrode by atomic layer deposition method |
| CN112993278A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-18 | 青岛科技大学 | Flower-shaped titanium dioxide/reduced graphene composite carrier supported platinum and alloy catalyst thereof, and preparation and application thereof |
| CN113373475A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-10 | 中国人民解放军空军勤务学院 | Platinum monatomic hydrogen oxidation reaction electrocatalyst based on reactant enrichment and preparation method thereof |
| CN114045526A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-02-15 | 北京理工大学 | Self-supporting layered double-metal phosphide-graphite alkyne composite catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
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