CN115141865A - Method for preparing lactulose and co-producing galacto-oligosaccharide - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing lactulose and coproducing galacto-oligosaccharide, belonging to the technical field of functional sugar preparation, wherein lactose is used as a raw material, the lactulose is converted into lactulose under the high-temperature alkaline condition, beta-galactosidase is added, and unreacted lactose and lactose solution are converted into galacto-oligosaccharide, so that the problem that the unreacted lactose is easy to crystallize in the lactulose preparation process is solved, the problem that the lactulose obtained by adopting a chromatographic separation purification process after secondary crystallization of the lactose is low in purity is solved, and the purity of the lactulose reaches more than 95%. Alkaline catalysts such as borate or aluminate and the like are not required to be added, the refining process is simple and feasible, and the first separation is carried out by adopting calcium type resin and the second separation is carried out by adopting potassium type resin in the follow-up process, so that the fine separation of lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing lactulose and co-producing galacto-oligosaccharide, belonging to the technical field of functional sugar preparation.
Background
Lactulose (C) 12 H 22 O 11 4-O- β -D-galactopyranosyl-D-fructose), also known as isomerized lactose, is a low-calorie functional disaccharide with a variety of functional properties. The product is proliferation factor of beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium in human intestine, and has effects of promoting digestion and absorption of protein and lactose, and producing B vitamins. Has effects of reducing blood ammonia and relieving diarrhea, and can be used for treating hepatic coma due to ammonia, hyperammonemia, and habitual constipation.
At present, the industrial production of lactulose is less, mainly because lactose is isomerized into lactulose under the alkaline condition, the side reaction is violent, more fructose, galactose, glucose and other by-products are generated, and the yield is lower and is generally less than 25%. Meanwhile, the unreacted lactose can generate crystallization, if the lactose is directly subjected to chromatographic separation and purification, the lactose can also generate crystallization in the purification process (the separation efficiency is improved and the energy consumption is reduced because the chromatographic separation feed needs a material with higher concentration), the smooth production is hindered, the structures of the lactose and the lactulose are very similar, the chromatographic separation efficiency is lower, the purity of the obtained product is extremely low, and the market requirement cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing lactulose with co-production of galacto-oligosaccharides.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide co-production uses lactose as raw material, converts the lactose into lactulose under high-temperature alkaline condition, continues adding beta-galactosidase to react for 6 to 18 hours, and obtains galacto-oligosaccharide and lactulose after purification and separation.
According to the invention, the high temperature is preferably 125 to 135 ℃.
Further preferably, the high temperature is specifically increased to 125 to 135 ℃ instantly by using an ejector.
According to the invention, the alkaline condition is preferably a pH value of 9 to 10.5.
According to the invention, the transformation time is preferably 5 to 30min.
According to the invention, the beta-galactosidase is preferably added in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5L per ton of dry lactose.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the purification and separation operations are: sequentially carrying out activated carbon decoloration, ion exchange resin desalination and two times of chromatographic separation; the two chromatographic separations are carried out by adopting calcium resin for the first chromatographic separation and then adopting potassium resin for the second chromatographic separation.
Further preferably, the first calcium resin chromatographic separation temperature is 50 to 60 ℃, the flow rate is 1.5 to 2.0m/s, and the resin processing capacity per unit volume is 0.016 to 0.020; the second time of potassium resin chromatographic separation is carried out at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, the flow rate of 5-6 m/s and the unit resin treatment capacity of 0.046-0.050.
A method for preparing lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide co-production specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing lactose into a solution with the concentration of 30-40%, adjusting the pH value to be 9-10.5, instantly heating to 125-135 ℃ by using an ejector, preserving the heat for 5-30min, then cooling to 55-60 ℃, adding beta-galactosidase according to 0.5-1.5L/ton of lactose dry basis, and reacting for 6-18 hours to obtain a mixed solution containing lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide;
(2) Inactivating enzyme of a mixed solution containing lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide at 80-100 ℃ for 10-20min, and then sequentially decoloring by using activated carbon, desalting by using ion exchange resin, performing chromatographic separation by using calcium resin, and performing chromatographic separation by using potassium resin to obtain galacto-oligosaccharide and lactulose.
Preferably, in the step (2), the purity of the obtained lactulose is more than or equal to 95%, and the yield is more than 90%; the purity of the galacto-oligosaccharide is more than or equal to 70 percent, and the yield is more than 95 percent.
The present invention is not described in detail, and the prior art can be adopted.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. aiming at the defects of the prior art, the beta-galactosidase is added after lactose is converted at high temperature under the alkaline condition, the unreacted lactose is converted into galacto-oligosaccharide, the problem that the unreacted lactose is easy to crystallize in the preparation process of the lactulose is solved, and the problem that the lactulose obtained by adopting a chromatographic separation purification process after the lactose is secondarily crystallized is low in purity is solved. The purity of the lactulose obtained by the method reaches more than 95 percent, is far higher than that of the existing crystallization separation process, and the problem of excessive accumulation of byproducts caused by the recycling of a large amount of lactose does not exist;
2. the method provided by the invention does not need to add alkaline catalysts such as borate or aluminate and the like, does not have borate or aluminate residues, has simple and feasible refining process, obtains high-purity galacto-oligosaccharide while obtaining lactulose, greatly reduces the production cost of the lactulose, and is beneficial to industrial production of the lactulose;
3. the chromatographic separation technology of the invention firstly adopts calcium type resin to carry out the first separation, and then adopts potassium type resin to carry out the second separation, the lactulose and the galacto-oligosaccharide are well separated, the separated lactulose enriched liquid solution contains lactulose, galactose and glucose, and then the potassium type resin is used for separating to obtain the lactulose. Compared with the method only using calcium resin, the method improves the separation efficiency, realizes the fine separation of lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide, and obtains lactulose products and galacto-oligosaccharide with high purity of more than 95 percent.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The method is a conventional method unless otherwise specified. The materials are commercially available from the open literature unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A method for preparing lactulose and co-producing galacto-oligosaccharide specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing lactose into 35% solution, adjusting pH value to 10, instantly heating to 130 deg.C with an ejector, keeping the temperature for 20min, then cooling to 55 deg.C, adding beta-galactosidase according to 1L/ton lactose dry basis, and reacting for 12 hr to obtain mixed solution containing lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide;
(2) Inactivating enzyme of mixed solution containing lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide at 90 deg.C for 15min, decolorizing with active carbon, desalting with ion exchange resin, and performing chromatographic separation twice to obtain galacto-oligosaccharide and lactulose.
In the step (1), 27% of lactulose, 43% of galacto-oligosaccharide, 23% of glucose, 3% of galactose and 4% of lactose are all mass percentages in the mixed solution of lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide.
In the step (2), the two chromatographic separations are specifically performed by firstly performing first separation by using calcium resin and then performing second separation by using potassium resin, wherein the chromatographic separation temperature of the first calcium resin is 58 ℃, the flow rate is 2m/s, and the unit resin treatment capacity is 0.018; the second potassium resin chromatographic separation temperature was 60 ℃, the flow rate was 5m/s, and the unit resin throughput was 0.046. I.e. 1m 3 The calcium-type resin had a treatment amount of 0.018m 3 ，1m 3 The treatment amount of the potassium type resin was 0.046 m 3 。
The purity of lactulose obtained in this example was 96% and the yield was 91%; the purity of galacto-oligosaccharide was 73% and the yield was 97.5%.
Example 2
A method for preparing lactulose and co-producing galacto-oligosaccharide specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing lactose into a solution with the concentration of 30%, adjusting the pH value to 9, instantly heating to 135 ℃ by using an ejector, preserving heat for 10min, then cooling to 60 ℃, adding beta-galactosidase according to 1L/ton lactose dry basis, and reacting for 10 hours to obtain a mixed solution containing lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharides;
(2) Inactivating enzyme of mixed solution containing lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide at 100 deg.C for 10min, decolorizing with active carbon, desalting with ion exchange resin, and performing chromatographic separation twice to obtain galacto-oligosaccharide and lactulose.
In the step (1), 28% of lactulose, 40% of galacto-oligosaccharide (including iso-lactose and galactobiose), 23% of glucose, 6% of galactose and 3% of lactose are all in mass percentage in the mixed solution of lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide.
In the step (2), the two chromatographic separations are specifically performed by firstly performing first separation by using calcium resin and then performing second separation by using potassium resin, wherein the first chromatographic separation temperature of the calcium resin is 60 ℃, the flow rate is 2.2m/s, and the unit resin treatment capacity is 0.020; the second potassium resin chromatographic separation temperature is 61 ℃, the flow rate is 5.1m/s, the unit resin treatment capacity is 0.048, and the combination of the two improves the separation efficiency by 1.6 times compared with the simple calcium type.
The purity of lactulose obtained in this example was 95.5% and the yield was 92%; the purity of galacto-oligosaccharide was 76% and the yield was 95%.
Example 3
A method for preparing lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide co-production specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing lactose into 40% solution, adjusting pH value to 10.2, instantly heating to 125 deg.C with an ejector, keeping the temperature for 30min, cooling to 58 deg.C, adding beta-galactosidase according to 1L/ton lactose dry basis, and reacting for 18 hr to obtain mixed solution containing lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide;
(2) Inactivating enzyme of mixed solution containing lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide at 80 deg.C for 20min, decolorizing with active carbon, desalting with ion exchange resin, and performing chromatographic separation twice to obtain galacto-oligosaccharide and lactulose.
In the step (1), 25% of lactulose, 45% of galacto-oligosaccharide, 24% of glucose, 2% of galactose and 4% of lactose are all in mass percentage in the mixed solution of lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide.
In the step (2), the two chromatographic separations are specifically performed by firstly performing primary separation by using calcium resin and then performing secondary separation by using potassium resin, wherein the primary chromatographic separation temperature of the calcium resin is 55 ℃, the flow rate of the calcium resin is 1.8m/s, and the unit resin treatment capacity of the calcium resin is 0.016; the second potassium resin chromatographic separation temperature is 65 ℃, the flow rate is 5.5m/s, the unit resin treatment capacity is 0.050, and the combination of the two improves the separation efficiency by 1.7 times compared with the pure calcium type.
The purity of lactulose obtained in this example was 95.5% and the yield was 91.5%; the purity of galacto-oligosaccharide was 72% and the yield 98%.
Comparative example 1
A process for preparing lactulose comprising the steps of:
preparing 35% lactose solution, boiling the lactose solution for 30 minutes by adopting steam through a heat exchanger, adjusting the pH value to 12, carrying out isomerization reaction, keeping the boiling state for 90 minutes, reducing the temperature to 70 ℃ after the reaction is finished, adjusting the pH value to 4.5, then decolorizing with activated carbon, secondarily decolorizing with granular activated carbon, desalting the decolorized solution again through cation and anion exchange resin, carrying out vacuum concentration on the desalted reaction solution at 70 ℃ to 60 brix, then discharging the concentrated solution while hot, standing and cooling for 4-10 ℃, carrying out liquid-solid separation after lactose forms crystals, and separating out refined lactose crystals and lactulose liquid.
The lactulose obtained by the comparative example has a purity of 69% and a yield of 99%, and the unreacted lactose is crystallized during the preparation process.
Comparative example 2
A method for preparing lactulose and co-producing galacto-oligosaccharide comprises the specific steps of the same as example 1, and the difference is that in the step (2), calcium type resin is adopted for carrying out two times of chromatographic separation, the temperature of the first time of the calcium type chromatographic separation is 60 ℃, the flow rate is 1.8m/s, and the unit resin treatment capacity is 0.018; the second calcium resin chromatographic separation temperature was 60 ℃, the flow rate was 2.0m/s, and the unit resin throughput was 0.022.
The purity of lactulose obtained in the comparative example is 94.5%, and the yield is 91%; the purity of galacto-oligosaccharide was 72% and the yield was 97%.
Comparative example 3
The specific steps of the method for preparing lactulose and co-producing galacto-oligosaccharide are the same as those in the example 1, but the difference is that in the step (2), potassium resin is adopted for twice chromatographic separation.
This comparative example failed to successfully separate lactose, galactobiose, isolactose and lactulose, i.e. separation of lactulose and galactooligosaccharide products was not achieved.
Comparative example 4
The method for preparing lactulose and co-producing galacto-oligosaccharide comprises the following specific steps of the same as example 1, wherein in the step (2), potassium resin is adopted for first separation, then calcium resin is adopted for second separation, the temperature of the first potassium chromatographic separation is 60 ℃, the flow rate is 5.0m/s, and the unit resin treatment capacity is 0.045; the second calcium resin chromatography was carried out at 60 ℃ and at a flow rate of 1.2m/s, the throughput per resin being 0.012.
The purity of lactulose obtained in the comparative example is 89%, and the yield is 80%; the purity of galacto-oligosaccharide was 95% and the yield was 70%.
Comparative example 5
A preparation method of lactulose comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) isomerization reaction: reacting lactose aqueous solution under the catalysis of alkaline substances, boric acid or borate to obtain reaction liquid containing lactulose;
(2) Ion exchange: and (2) sequentially passing the reaction liquid obtained in the step (1) through 1# cation exchange resin, 2# boron selective adsorption resin, 3# boron selective adsorption resin, 4# boron selective adsorption resin, 5# cation exchange resin and 6# boron selective adsorption resin, eluting with water, and collecting qualified components to obtain the lactulose water solution.
As can be seen from comparison between examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and comparative example 1, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the present invention adds beta-galactosidase after lactose is converted at high temperature under alkaline condition to convert unreacted lactose into galacto-oligosaccharide, while unreacted lactose is easy to crystallize in the preparation process of lactulose of comparative example 1, and the purity of lactulose obtained by adopting chromatographic separation for purification process after secondary crystallization is only 69%, which is far from the present invention.
As can be seen from the comparison between the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example 2, the separation efficiency is improved by 1.6 to 1.7 times compared with the separation efficiency of the calcium resin used twice, and the purity of the lactulose product is improved by 1 to 1.5 percent by adopting the calcium resin for the first separation and then adopting the potassium resin for the second separation.
As can be seen from comparison between examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and comparative example 3, the chromatographic separation technique of the present invention first uses calcium-type resin for the first separation and then uses potassium-type resin for the second separation, thereby realizing the fine separation of lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide and obtaining lactulose product and galacto-oligosaccharide with high purity of more than 95%.
As can be seen from the comparison between the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example 4, the separation efficiency is improved by 1.12 to 1.19 times and the purity of lactulose products is improved by 6.5 to 7% when the calcium resin is used for first separation and then the potassium resin is used for second separation, compared with the method that the potassium resin is used for first separation and then the calcium resin is used for second separation.
As can be seen from comparison between examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 5, the method provided by the invention does not need to add alkaline catalysts such as borate or aluminate, has no borate or aluminate residue, has simple and easy refining process, obtains high-purity galactooligosaccharide while obtaining lactulose, greatly reduces the production cost of the lactulose, and is beneficial to industrial production.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing lactulose co-production galacto-oligosaccharide is characterized in that lactose is used as a raw material, the pH value is adjusted to be 9 to 10.5, the temperature is kept at 125 to 135 ℃ for 5 to 30min, then the temperature is reduced, beta-galactosidase is added for reaction for 6 to 18 hours, enzyme is inactivated, and galacto-oligosaccharide and lactulose are obtained after purification and separation;
the purification and separation operations are as follows: sequentially carrying out activated carbon decolorization, ion exchange resin desalination and two chromatographic separations; the two chromatographic separations are performed by firstly performing first chromatographic separation by adopting calcium resin and then performing second chromatographic separation by adopting potassium resin.
2. The method for preparing lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature is raised to 125 to 135 ℃ instantly by using an ejector.
3. The method for preparing lactulose with galacto-oligosaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature is reduced to 55 to 60 ℃.
4. The method for preparing lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of β -galactosidase added is 0.5 to 1.5L per ton of lactose dry basis.
5. The method for preparing lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the enzyme deactivation temperature is 80 to 100 ℃ and the enzyme deactivation time is 10 to 20min.
6. The method for preparing lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first chromatographic separation temperature is 50 to 60 ℃, the flow rate is 1.5 to 2.0m/s, and the unit resin processing capacity is 0.016 to 0.020; the second chromatographic separation temperature is 60 to 70 ℃, the flow rate is 5 to 6m/s, and the unit resin processing capacity is 0.046 to 0.050.
7. The method for preparing lactulose with co-production of galacto-oligosaccharides as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparing lactose into a solution with the concentration of 30-40%, adjusting the pH value to be 9-10.5, instantly heating to 125-135 ℃ by using an ejector, preserving the heat for 5-30min, then cooling to 55-60 ℃, adding beta-galactosidase according to 0.5-1.5L/ton of lactose dry basis, and reacting for 6-18 hours to obtain a mixed solution containing lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide;
(2) Inactivating enzyme of a mixed solution containing lactulose and galacto-oligosaccharide at 80-100 ℃ for 10-20min, decoloring by using activated carbon, desalting by using ion exchange resin, and performing chromatographic separation twice to obtain galacto-oligosaccharide and lactulose.
8. The method for preparing lactulose with co-production of galacto-oligosaccharides as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step (2), the purity of the lactulose is not less than 95%, and the yield is more than 90%; the purity of the galacto-oligosaccharide is more than or equal to 70 percent, and the yield is more than 95 percent.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN116926147A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-10-24 | 安徽天凯生物科技有限公司 | Method and device for preparing lactose and galacto-oligosaccharide |
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| CN116926147A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-10-24 | 安徽天凯生物科技有限公司 | Method and device for preparing lactose and galacto-oligosaccharide |
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