CN115138336B - Preparation method of red mud-peanut shell-based composite material for treating acidic phosphorus-containing sewage - Google Patents

Preparation method of red mud-peanut shell-based composite material for treating acidic phosphorus-containing sewage Download PDF

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CN115138336B
CN115138336B CN202210746731.5A CN202210746731A CN115138336B CN 115138336 B CN115138336 B CN 115138336B CN 202210746731 A CN202210746731 A CN 202210746731A CN 115138336 B CN115138336 B CN 115138336B
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treatment
red mud
peanut shell
composite material
peanut
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CN115138336A (en
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董颖博
林海
张聪慧
刘俊飞
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
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    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
    • B01J20/0225—Compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt
    • B01J20/0229—Compounds of Fe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28009—Magnetic properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3021—Milling, crushing or grinding
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    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3071—Washing or leaching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3085—Chemical treatments not covered by groups B01J20/3007 - B01J20/3078
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
    • B01J2220/4881—Residues from shells, e.g. eggshells, mollusk shells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
    • B01J2220/4887—Residues, wastes, e.g. garbage, municipal or industrial sludges, compost, animal manure; fly-ashes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/18—PO4-P
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a red mud-peanut shell-based composite material for treating acidic phosphorus-containing sewage, belonging to the technical field of sewage treatment; sequentially carrying out cleaning treatment, drying treatment and sieving treatment on the red mud and the peanut shells, pouring the sieved red mud and peanut shells into a dilute hydrochloric acid solution for acid treatment, and heating in a water bath until the water in the solution is completely evaporated; wherein the mass-volume ratio of the sum of the masses of the red mud and the peanut shells to the volume of the dilute hydrochloric acid solution is 0.25 g/mL-0.3 g/mL, and the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 0.05 mol/L-0.15 mol/L; and (3) carrying out drying treatment and grinding treatment on the red mud and peanut shell mixture subjected to acid treatment, and carrying out pyrolysis treatment at the temperature of 750-900 ℃ to obtain the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material after pyrolysis treatment. The invention takes the solid waste red mud and the peanut shells as raw materials, has low production cost and simple preparation process, has good treatment effect on acidic phosphorus-containing sewage, and is beneficial to large-scale application.

Description

Preparation method of red mud-peanut shell-based composite material for treating acidic phosphorus-containing sewage
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a preparation method of a red mud-peanut shell-based composite material for acid phosphorus-containing sewage treatment.
Background
Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrient elements for animal and plant growth, but excessive phosphate is discharged into the water environment, which can cause eutrophication of the water body. The phosphate in the water body is mainly derived from domestic sewage, industrial production drainage, livestock industry, aquaculture wastewater and farmland runoff with high phosphorus content. Wherein, the phosphorus-containing sewage in the industry mainly originates from metal surface treatment, chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry and the like, and the acidic phosphorus-containing sewage generated in the metal surface treatment link of the steel plant has the characteristics of high phosphate concentration, strong acidity and the like.
There are various treatment methods for removing phosphate in water, mainly including chemical precipitation, biological treatment and adsorption. The chemical precipitation method has the problems of large sludge production amount, high cost and the like; the biological method has the defects that the treatment effect is easy to be influenced by the quality of the inflowing water and fluctuates; the adsorption method has the characteristics of simple operation, low cost, environmental protection and the like, and is focused by a plurality of researchers. At present, students at home and abroad have carried out related researches on the adsorption material of acidic phosphorus-containing sewage, but the problems of small adsorption capacity, difficult solid-liquid separation and the like generally exist.
Extracting Al from red mud in industrial production process of aluminum production 2 O 3 The red mud-like solid waste left after the components are rich in alkali metal cations such as iron ions, aluminum ions and the like which can react with phosphate, but the specific surface area is small, the pore structure is undeveloped, so that the red mud and agricultural waste-peanut shell are utilized for carrying out co-pyrolysis to prepare the composite adsorption material. The method not only can realize the recycling utilization of the solid waste red mud and peanut shells, but also can greatly improve the specific surface area of the composite adsorption material and increase adsorption sites, and endow the composite adsorption material with magnetism, thereby being beneficial to solid-liquid separation. Therefore, the preparation process of the composite adsorption material needs to be studied to realize the efficient treatment of the acidic phosphorus-containing sewage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of a red mud-peanut shell-based composite material for treating acidic phosphorus-containing sewage, so as to solve the problem of poor effect of treating the acidic phosphorus-containing sewage.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material for treating the phosphorus-containing sewage comprises the following steps:
sequentially carrying out cleaning treatment, drying treatment and sieving treatment on the red mud and the peanut shells;
pouring the red mud and peanut shells subjected to sieving treatment into a dilute hydrochloric acid solution for acid treatment, and heating in a water bath until the water in the solution is completely evaporated;
wherein the mass-volume ratio of the sum of the masses of the red mud and the peanut shells to the volume of the dilute hydrochloric acid solution is 0.25 g/mL-0.3 g/mL, and the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 0.05 mol/L-0.15 mol/L;
and (3) carrying out drying treatment and grinding treatment on the red mud and peanut shell mixture subjected to acid treatment, and carrying out pyrolysis treatment at the temperature of 750-900 ℃ to obtain the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material after pyrolysis treatment.
Preferably, the heating rate in the pyrolysis treatment is 10 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis treatment time is 2-4 h.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the red mud to the peanut shells is 7:3.
Preferably, the particle size at the time of the sieving treatment is set to 80 mesh.
Preferably, deionized water is adopted to clean the red mud and the peanut shells for 2-3 times during the cleaning treatment.
Preferably, in the drying treatment, the red mud and peanut shells after the cleaning treatment are placed in a constant temperature drying oven to be dried for 6-8 hours at the temperature of 60-80 ℃.
Preferably, high purity nitrogen is used as a shielding gas during the pyrolysis process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
in the scheme, the used raw materials are the solid waste red mud and the peanut shells, so that the cost of the adsorption material is reduced, and the recycling of the solid waste is realized.
Meanwhile, the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material is obtained based on the preparation method of the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material for treating the acidic phosphorus-containing sewage, has larger specific surface area and excellent adsorption performance, can realize rapid purification of the acidic phosphorus-containing sewage, and greatly improves the treatment efficiency.
The preparation method for the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material is simple, the acid washing treatment of the red mud and the peanut shells by the dilute hydrochloric acid and the subsequent pyrolysis treatment are mainly utilized, material preparation equipment with complex functions is not needed, the laboratory preparation requirement is low, no pollution byproducts are generated in the whole process, the green preparation concept is met, the output of the final composite material is large, and the industrial application is facilitated; meanwhile, the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material has the characteristics of large specific surface area, more adsorption sites and magnetism, is favorable for realizing rapid solid-liquid separation, and greatly improves the treatment efficiency of acidic phosphorus-containing sewage.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the disclosure and to enable a person skilled in the pertinent art to make and use the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is an XRD characterization diagram of a red mud-peanut shell-based composite;
fig. 2 is an SEM characterization of the red mud-peanut shell-based composite.
As shown in the figure, the prepared composite material is characterized by using an XRD and SEM characterization diagram respectively, wherein the characterization diagram can be used for explaining the composition components of the obtained composite material and the microstructure of the composite material, and based on the characterization diagram, a demonstration basis is provided for the excellent performance of the composite material.
Detailed Description
The preparation method of the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material for treating acidic phosphorus-containing sewage, provided by the invention, is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. While the invention has been described herein in terms of the preferred and preferred embodiments, the following embodiments are intended to be more illustrative, and may be implemented in many alternative ways as will occur to those of skill in the art; and the accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments more specifically and are not intended to limit the invention specifically.
It should be noted that references in the specification to "one embodiment," "an example embodiment," "some embodiments," etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the relevant art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
Extracting Al from red mud in industrial production process of aluminum production 2 O 3 The red mud-like solid waste remaining after the components is enriched with iron ionsAlkali metal cations such as daughter ions and aluminum ions which can react with phosphate radical are excellent choices for treating acidic phosphorus-containing sewage, but the specific surface area is small, the pore structure is undeveloped, and the adsorption capacity is weak, so that the performance optimization of treating the phosphorus-containing sewage by utilizing the red mud is limited to a certain extent; the invention provides a preparation method of a red mud-peanut shell-based composite material for treating acidic phosphorus-containing sewage, which is used for obtaining the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material based on the preparation method, and can effectively improve the treatment efficiency of the acidic phosphorus-containing sewage.
As shown in figure 1, the XRD characterization diagram of the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material obtained by the preparation method of the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material for treating acidic phosphorus-containing sewage is shown, wherein the main components in the composite material are zero-valent iron, and ferrous metaaluminate and silicon dioxide.
As shown in FIG. 2, in the SEM characterization of the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material obtained by the preparation method of the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material for treating acidic phosphorus-containing sewage, needle-like substances are generated on the surface of the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material, the diameter of the needle-like substances is about 6 mu m, the existence of the needle-like structures enables the specific surface area of the composite material to be further improved, meanwhile, a large amount of Fe elements are found to exist in the composition analysis of the needle-like substances, and BET test results show that the specific surface area of the composite material reaches 200m 2 /g。
The preparation method of the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material comprises the following steps:
step1, washing red mud and peanut shell raw materials with deionized water for 2-3 times to remove soluble impurities, then placing the red mud and the peanut shell raw materials in a constant-temperature drying oven for drying at 60-80 ℃ for 6-8 hours, taking out the red mud and the peanut shell after drying, sieving the red mud and the peanut shell with a 80-mesh sieve, and respectively filling the red mud and the peanut shell into plastic bags for later use;
step2, adding 10-15 g of sieved red mud and peanut shell mixed raw materials (the mass of the red mud is that of the peanut shell=7:3) into 40-45 mL of 0.1mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution, heating to 100 ℃, and stirring at a constant temperature at a rotating speed of 150rpm until the water content of the solution is completely evaporated;
step3, placing the material obtained after the water evaporation in a vacuum tube furnace for pyrolysis, wherein the pyrolysis rate is 10 ℃/min, the temperature is 750-900 ℃, the pyrolysis time is 2-4 h, introducing high-purity nitrogen in the whole process to maintain the vacuum state in the furnace, and cooling to room temperature after the pyrolysis is finished to obtain the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the red mud and the peanut shells which are solid wastes are used as the preparation raw materials, so that the cost of the adsorption material is reduced, the recycling of the solid wastes is realized, the composite material has a large specific surface area, the adsorption performance is excellent, the rapid purification of the acidic phosphorus-containing wastewater can be realized, and the treatment efficiency is greatly improved; meanwhile, the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material has the characteristics of large specific surface area, more adsorption sites and magnetism, is favorable for realizing rapid solid-liquid separation, and greatly improves the treatment efficiency of acidic phosphorus-containing sewage.
The following examples are described in connection with the preferred embodiments:
example 1
(1) Washing red mud and peanut shell raw materials with deionized water for 2-3 times, then placing the red mud and peanut shell raw materials in a constant-temperature drying oven, drying the red mud and the peanut shell raw materials for 6 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, taking out the red mud and the peanut shell after drying, and sieving the red mud and the peanut shell by a 80-mesh sieve, wherein the granularity is 100% of-80 mesh;
(2) 10g (the mass ratio of the red mud to the peanut shell is 7:3) of the red mud and the peanut shell mixed raw material in the step (1) is poured into 40mL of 0.1mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution, the temperature is raised to 100 ℃ and the mixture is stirred at a constant temperature under a rotating speed of 150rpm until the water content of the solution is completely evaporated;
(3) And (3) placing the material obtained after the water in the solution in the step (2) is evaporated in a vacuum tube furnace for pyrolysis, wherein the pyrolysis temperature is 750 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the pyrolysis time is 4 hours, the whole process is carried out with high-purity nitrogen to keep the vacuum state in the furnace, and the material is cooled to room temperature and taken out after the pyrolysis is finished, so that the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material is finally obtained.
And (3) adding 0.1g of the composite material into 100mL of phosphate solution with the concentration of 50mg/L and the pH value of 3, 4.5 and 6 respectively for adsorption test, filtering the supernatant with a filter membrane of 0.45 mu m after adsorption for 2 hours, measuring the concentration of residual phosphate in the filtrate by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer to obtain the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material with the phosphate removal rates of 96.28%, 95.80% and 95.70% respectively.
Example 2
(1) Washing red mud and peanut shell raw materials with deionized water for 2-3 times, then placing the red mud and peanut shell raw materials in a constant-temperature drying oven, drying the red mud and the peanut shell raw materials for 7 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, taking out the red mud and the peanut shell after drying, and sieving the red mud and the peanut shell by a 80-mesh sieve, wherein the granularity is 100% of-80 mesh;
(2) 15g (the mass ratio of the red mud to the peanut shell is 7:3) of the red mud and the peanut shell mixed raw material in the step (1) is poured into 45mL of 0.1mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution, the temperature is raised to 100 ℃ and the mixture is stirred at a constant temperature under a rotating speed of 150rpm until the water content of the solution is completely evaporated;
(3) And (3) placing the material obtained after the water in the solution in the step (2) is evaporated in a vacuum tube furnace for pyrolysis, wherein the pyrolysis temperature is 800 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the pyrolysis time is 3 hours, the whole process is carried out with high-purity nitrogen to keep the vacuum state in the furnace, and the material is cooled to room temperature and taken out after the pyrolysis is finished, so that the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material is finally obtained.
And (3) adding 0.1g of the composite material into 100mL of phosphate solution with the concentration of 50mg/L and the pH value of 3, 4.5 and 6 respectively for adsorption test, filtering the supernatant with a filter membrane of 0.45 mu m after adsorption for 2 hours, measuring the concentration of residual phosphate in the filtrate by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer to be 1.72mg/L, 1.96mg/L and 2.00mg/L respectively, and calculating to obtain that the removal rate of the red mud-peanut shell-based composite adsorption material on the phosphate reaches 96.56%, 96.08% and 96.00%.
Example 3
(1) Washing red mud and peanut shell raw materials with deionized water for 2-3 times, then placing the red mud and peanut shell raw materials in a constant-temperature drying oven, drying the red mud and the peanut shell raw materials for 8 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, taking out the red mud and the peanut shell after drying, and sieving the red mud and the peanut shell by a 80-mesh sieve, wherein the granularity is 100% of-80 mesh;
(2) 15g (the mass ratio of the red mud to the peanut shell is 7:3) of the red mud and the peanut shell mixed raw material in the step (1) is poured into 45mL of 0.1mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution, the temperature is raised to 100 ℃ and the mixture is stirred at a constant temperature under a rotating speed of 150rpm until the water content of the solution is completely evaporated;
(3) And (3) placing the material obtained after the water in the solution in the step (2) is evaporated in a vacuum tube furnace for pyrolysis, wherein the pyrolysis temperature is 900 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the pyrolysis time is 2 hours, the whole process is carried out with high-purity nitrogen to keep the vacuum state in the furnace, and the material is cooled to room temperature and taken out after the pyrolysis is finished, so that the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material is finally obtained.
And (3) adding 0.1g of the composite material into 100mL of phosphate solution with the concentration of 50mg/L and the pH value of 3, 4.5 and 6 respectively for adsorption test, filtering the supernatant with a filter membrane of 0.45 mu m after adsorption for 2 hours, measuring the concentration of residual phosphate in the filtrate by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer to obtain the concentrations of 1.58mg/L, 1.82mg/L and 1.98mg/L respectively, and calculating to obtain the removal rate of the red mud-peanut shell-based composite adsorption material on the phosphate reaching 96.84%, 96.36% and 96.04%.
Through the performance test experiments in the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3, namely the adsorption test experiment of the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material on the phosphate in the phosphate solution under the acid condition, the composite material has the advantages that the once-through removal rate of the phosphate in 2 hours reaches over 96 percent, and the composite material shows excellent adsorption performance; and when other conditions are unchanged, the adsorption performance is slightly improved along with the decrease of the pH value in a certain acid-base value interval; similarly, in other conditions, in a certain pyrolysis temperature range, the adsorption performance of the composite material is also improved to a certain extent along with the improvement of the pyrolysis temperature.
The invention is intended to cover any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention. In the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention, and the invention will be fully understood to those skilled in the art without such details.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The preparation method of the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material for treating the acidic phosphorus-containing sewage is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
sequentially carrying out cleaning treatment, drying treatment and sieving treatment on the red mud and the peanut shells; the particle size during sieving treatment is set to 80 meshes; during drying treatment, the red mud and peanut shells after the cleaning treatment are placed in a constant-temperature drying oven to be dried for 6-8 hours at the temperature of 60-80 ℃;
pouring the red mud and peanut shells subjected to sieving treatment into a dilute hydrochloric acid solution for acid treatment, and heating in a water bath until the water in the solution is completely evaporated;
wherein the mass ratio of the red mud to the peanut shell is 7:3, the mass-volume ratio of the sum of the masses of the red mud and the peanut shell to the volume of the dilute hydrochloric acid solution is 0.25 g/mL-0.3 g/mL, and the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 0.05 mol/L-0.15 mol/L;
and (3) carrying out drying treatment and grinding treatment on the red mud and peanut shell mixture subjected to acid treatment, and carrying out pyrolysis treatment at the temperature of 750-900 ℃, wherein high-purity nitrogen is adopted as a protective gas in the pyrolysis treatment process, the heating rate in the pyrolysis treatment is 10 ℃/min, the pyrolysis treatment time is 2-4 h, and the red mud-peanut shell-based composite material is obtained after the pyrolysis treatment is completed.
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