CN115128453A - Universal diagnostic instrument for AC/DC motor and use method - Google Patents
Universal diagnostic instrument for AC/DC motor and use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115128453A CN115128453A CN202110332353.1A CN202110332353A CN115128453A CN 115128453 A CN115128453 A CN 115128453A CN 202110332353 A CN202110332353 A CN 202110332353A CN 115128453 A CN115128453 A CN 115128453A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
- G01R31/343—Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a universal diagnostic instrument for an alternating current-direct current motor, wherein a current and range selection switch of the diagnostic instrument comprises three groups of switches, first to third resistors are respectively connected with the three groups of switches of the current selection switch in series and then connected with the negative end of a voltage stabilizing source, the positive end of the voltage stabilizing source is connected with one end of a trigger button, the other end of the trigger button and the common end of the three groups of switches of the current selection switch form an output port, a first diode and a capacitor are connected with the output port, and the cathode end of the first diode is connected with the other end of the trigger button; the measuring gauge head comprises three groups of measuring range terminals, one end of a three group of switches of the measuring range selection switch is connected with the three groups of measuring range terminals respectively, the other ends of the three group of switches of the measuring range selection switch and a common end of the measuring gauge head measuring range terminals form an input port, and the second diode and the third diode are connected with the input port in a reverse direction. The diagnostic instrument realizes the center adjustment of the brush holder of the direct current motor, the polarity test of the commutating pole and the judgment of the homonymous end of the alternating current asynchronous motor, and ensures the accuracy of the wiring of the motor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection, in particular to an alternating current and direct current motor universal diagnostic instrument and a using method thereof.
Background
The three-phase asynchronous motor used for a long time often causes the disorder of the head and the tail of the outgoing wire because the labels on the three-phase winding lead wires of the stator are blurred or lost; when six outgoing lines of a stator winding of the three-phase asynchronous motor are overhauled or rewound, the head and the tail must be clearly separated, otherwise, correct wiring cannot be carried out. If the stator winding is connected reversely, the motor cannot operate normally, and the winding can be burnt seriously. Therefore, the homonymous end of the winding needs to be determined to ensure that the wiring is correct.
The brush on the commutator of the DC motor needs to be short-circuited by at least more than 2 commutator segments, so that the armature windings connected with the commutator segments are short-circuited. If the brush is not at the neutral position of the magnetic pole, the resultant magnetic field is deviated, and the short-circuited winding cuts the magnetic line of force, so that electromotive force is induced, short-circuit current is formed, and the brush generates sparks, so that the brush holder needs to be adjusted to the neutral position.
The commutating pole of the DC motor should be connected in series with the armature winding, and correct wiring can lead the induced potential in the commutating component to be commutated in advance, thus counteracting the delay effect of the induced potential in the original commutating component and improving commutation.
The traditional measurement and diagnosis method generally uses a dry battery and a direct-current millivoltmeter for field wiring cooperation, the battery capacity cannot be adjusted, the electric quantity cannot be displayed, the millivoltmeter range cannot be selected, an actual connecting line is prone to error, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a universal diagnostic instrument for an alternating current and direct current motor and a using method thereof, the diagnostic instrument has small volume and convenient carrying, and the method can effectively solve the problems of adjustment of the center of a brush holder of the direct current motor, polarity test of a commutating pole and judgment of a homonymous terminal of an alternating current asynchronous motor, ensure the accuracy of motor wiring and avoid safety accidents of equipment.
In order to solve the technical problem, the universal diagnostic instrument for the alternating current and direct current motor comprises a voltage stabilizing source, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a capacitor, a trigger button, a measuring gauge outfit, a current selection switch and a range selection switch, wherein the current selection switch and the range selection switch respectively comprise three groups of switches; the measuring gauge head comprises three groups of measuring range terminals, one end of a three-group switch of the measuring range selection switch is connected with the three groups of measuring range terminals respectively, the other end of the three-group switch of the measuring range selection switch and a common end of the measuring gauge head measuring range terminals form an input port, and the second diode and the third diode are connected with the input port in a reverse direction.
Furthermore, the diagnostic apparatus also comprises a shell and a panel, wherein the voltage stabilizing source, the first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor, the first diode, the second diode, the third diode and the capacitor are arranged in the shell, and the trigger button, the measuring gauge outfit, the current selection switch and the range selection switch are respectively arranged on the panel.
Further, the output rated voltage/current of the voltage stabilizing source is 1V/10A, the resistance values of the first resistor, the second resistor and the third resistor are 0.1 ohm, 1 ohm and 10 ohm respectively, through switching of the three groups of switches of the current selection switch, the output current of the output port is 0.1A, 1A and 10A respectively.
Further, the three-range terminals of the measuring gauge head are respectively 10mV, 25mV and 50 mV.
The using method of the universal diagnostic apparatus comprises the following steps:
step one, measuring the position of a neutral line of an electric brush, keeping a motor still, and connecting the input end of the diagnostic instrument to two adjacent electric brushes of an armature; two ends of the excitation winding are connected with the output end of the diagnostic instrument; the measuring range is set to 50mv and 100mA grades, if the pointer swing is not obvious, the measuring range is gradually reduced, and the measuring range selection and the current selection are divided into three grades of 50mv, 25mv and 10mv and 100mA, 1A and 10A respectively; closing the trigger switch, stopping slightly, and then disconnecting, and observing the swing numerical value of the pointer of the measuring gauge head; adjusting the position of the electric brush to ensure that the pointer of the measuring gauge head swings minimum, namely the position of the neutral line of the electric brush;
determining the connection between the commutating pole and the armature by an induction method, wherein when a commutating pole coil is connected to one side or two sides of the armature in series, the motor is not moved, and two ends of the commutating pole coil are connected with the input end of the diagnostic instrument; the two ends of the armature are connected with the output end of the diagnostic instrument; closing the trigger switch, stopping slightly, and then disconnecting, and observing the swing direction of the pointer of the measuring gauge head; at the moment of switching on, measuring the forward swing of a gauge outfit pointer, and showing that the connection between a commutating pole and an armature is correct;
step three, checking the head and the tail of the outgoing line of the three-phase asynchronous motor, and connecting the output end of the diagnostic instrument to any phase winding during testing; the other phase winding is connected with the input end of the diagnostic instrument; closing a trigger switch, and observing and measuring the swing direction of a gauge outfit pointer; measuring the negative swing of the pointer of the meter head at the closing instant, which indicates that the positive poles of the input port and the output port of the diagnostic instrument are the same as the head and the tail, and if measuring the positive swing of the pointer of the meter head, which indicates that the positive poles of the input port and the output port of the diagnostic instrument are the same as the head and the tail, the positive poles of the input port and the output port of the diagnostic instrument are the same as the head and the tail; the other phase can be checked in the same way.
Furthermore, in the first step, after the position of the central line of the electric brush is adjusted to be completely fixed, the position is measured once to be verified.
Further, in the third step, if a three-phase asynchronous motor winding is connected to form a Y-shaped connection outside the casing, any one pole of the input port and any one pole of the output port of the diagnostic instrument are connected together and then connected to the middle point of the Y-shaped connection, the other two poles are connected to any two phases, the trigger switch is closed, the pointer of the measuring meter head swings towards the same direction, the head and the tail are correct, the pointer swings towards two directions, and the head and the tail are mistakenly connected.
The invention is characterized in that the universal diagnostic apparatus for the alternating current and direct current motors and the using method adopt the technical scheme, namely, a current selection switch and a range selection switch of the diagnostic apparatus respectively comprise three groups of switches, a first resistor, a second resistor and a third resistor are respectively connected with the three groups of switches of the current selection switch in series and then connected with the negative end of a voltage stabilizing source, the positive end of the voltage stabilizing source is connected with one end of a trigger button, the other end of the trigger button and the common end of the three groups of switches of the current selection switch form an output port, a first diode and a capacitor are connected with the output port, and the cathode end of the first diode is connected with the other end of the trigger button; the measuring gauge head comprises three groups of measuring range terminals, one end of a three group of switches of the measuring range selection switch is connected with the three groups of measuring range terminals respectively, the other ends of the three group of switches of the measuring range selection switch and a common end of the measuring gauge head measuring range terminals form an input port, and the second diode and the third diode are connected with the input port in a reverse direction. The diagnostic instrument is small in size and convenient to carry, can effectively solve the problems of adjustment of the center of a brush holder of a direct current motor, polarity test of a commutating pole and judgment of a homonymous end of an alternating current asynchronous motor, ensures the accuracy of motor wiring and avoids safety accidents of equipment.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and embodiments:
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of the universal diagnostic instrument for AC/DC motors of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a panel of the universal diagnosis instrument for the alternating current/direct current motor.
Detailed Description
The universal diagnostic instrument for the alternating current and direct current motor comprises a voltage stabilizing source U, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a capacitor C, a trigger button K, a measuring gauge outfit V, a current selection switch K1 and a measuring range selection switch K2, the current selection switch K1 and the range selection switch K2 respectively comprise three groups of switches, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 are respectively connected with the three groups of switches of the current selection switch K1 in series and then are connected with the negative end of the voltage stabilizing source U, the positive end of the voltage stabilizing source U is connected with one end of the trigger button K, the other end of the trigger button K and the common end of the three groups of switches of the current selection switch K1 form an output port, the first diode D1 and a capacitor C are connected with the output port, and the cathode end of the first diode D1 is connected with the other end of the trigger button K; the measuring gauge outfit V comprises three groups of measuring range terminals, one end of a three-group switch of the measuring range selection switch K2 is respectively connected with the three groups of measuring range terminals, the other end of the three-group switch of the measuring range selection switch K2 and a common end V1 of the measuring gauge outfit V measuring range terminal form an input port, and the second diode D2 and the third diode D3 are reversely connected with the input port.
Preferably, the diagnostic apparatus further comprises a housing 1 and a panel 2, the voltage regulator U, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, the first diode D1, the second diode D2, the third diode D3 and the capacitor C are arranged in the housing 1, and the trigger button K, the measurement gauge outfit V, the current selection switch K1 and the range selection switch K2 are respectively arranged on the panel 2.
Preferably, the output rated voltage/current of the voltage regulator source U is 1V/10A, the resistances of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 are 0.1 ohm, 1 ohm and 10 ohm respectively, and the output currents of the output port are 0.1A, 1A and 10A respectively by switching of three groups of switches of the current selection switch K1.
Preferably, the three-span terminals of the measuring gauge head V are respectively 10mV, 25mV and 50 mV.
The diagnostic instrument can perform three diagnostic works of measuring the position of the neutral line of the electric brush, measuring the connection between the commutating pole and the armature by an induction method and checking the head and the tail of the outgoing line of the three-phase asynchronous motor. The use method of the diagnostic apparatus is as follows:
the method for diagnosing the position of the neutral line of the brush is an induced voltage method:
1. the motor is fixed, and the input end of the diagnostic instrument is connected to two adjacent electric brushes of the armature;
2. two ends of the excitation winding are connected with the output end of the diagnostic instrument;
3. when the diagnosis instrument is used, a power switch of the diagnosis instrument is closed, the electric quantity indication of the voltage stabilizing source is observed, and if the electric quantity is low, a special charger is needed for charging;
4. when in use, the measuring range is preferably set to be 50mv and 100mA, if the pointer does not swing obviously, the measuring range can be gradually reduced, and the measuring range selection and the current selection are respectively divided into three ranges of 50mv, 25mv and 10mv and 100mA, 1A and 10A;
5. during the test, the trigger switch is turned on, slightly stopped and then turned off, and the swing numerical value of the pointer at the measuring gauge head is observed;
6. adjusting the position of the electric brush to ensure that the pointer of the measuring gauge head swings minimum, namely the position of the neutral line of the electric brush;
7. after the brush adjustment is completely fixed, a test is also carried out to carry out a verification.
Secondly, determining the connection between the commutating pole and the armature by an induction method:
(1) in the case of commutating pole coil connected in series on one side of armature
1. The motor is fixed, and the two ends of the commutating pole coil are connected with the input end of the diagnostic instrument;
2. the motor is fixed, and the two ends of the armature are connected with the output end of the diagnostic instrument;
3. during the test, the trigger switch is turned on, slightly stopped and then turned off, and the swing direction of the pointer of the measuring gauge head is observed;
4. at the moment of switching on, the gauge outfit pointer is measured to swing to the positive direction, which shows that the commutating pole is correctly connected with the armature.
(2) The condition that the reversing pole coil is connected in series at two sides of the armature is the same as the condition that the reversing pole coil is connected in series at one side of the armature in a diagnosis mode.
Checking the head and the tail of the outgoing line of the three-phase asynchronous motor:
1. during test, the output end of the diagnostic instrument is connected to any phase winding;
2. the other phase winding is connected with the input end of the diagnostic instrument;
3. closing a trigger switch, and observing and measuring the swing direction of a gauge outfit pointer;
4. measuring the negative swing of the pointer of the meter head at the closing instant, which indicates that the positive poles of the input port and the output port of the diagnostic instrument are the same as the head and the tail, and if measuring the positive swing of the pointer of the meter head, which indicates that the positive poles of the input port and the output port of the diagnostic instrument are the same as the head and the tail, the positive poles of the input port and the output port of the diagnostic instrument are the same as the head and the tail;
5. the other phase can be checked in the same way;
6. if the winding is connected to a Y-shaped connection outside the casing, any one pole of the input port and any one pole of the output port are connected together and then connected to the middle point of the Y-shaped connection, the other two poles are connected to any two phases, the trigger switch is turned on, the pointer of the measuring gauge head swings towards the same direction, the head and the tail are correct, the pointer swings towards two directions, and the head and the tail are wrong.
The diagnosis instrument can be used for conveniently and rapidly diagnosing the brush frame center of the direct current motor, the polarity of the reversing pole and the homonymous end of the alternating current asynchronous motor, effectively improving the diagnosis efficiency, ensuring the wiring accuracy of the motor and avoiding the safety accidents of equipment.
Claims (7)
1. A universal diagnostic instrument for AC/DC motors is characterized in that: the diagnostic instrument comprises a voltage stabilizing source, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a capacitor, a trigger button, a measuring gauge outfit, a current selection switch and a range selection switch, wherein the current selection switch and the range selection switch respectively comprise three groups of switches; the measuring gauge head comprises three groups of measuring range terminals, one end of a three-group switch of the measuring range selection switch is connected with the three groups of measuring range terminals respectively, the other end of the three-group switch of the measuring range selection switch and a common end of the measuring gauge head measuring range terminals form an input port, and the second diode and the third diode are connected with the input port in a reverse direction.
2. The universal diagnostic instrument for AC/DC motors of claim 1, characterized in that: the diagnostic instrument also comprises a shell and a panel, wherein the voltage stabilizing source, the first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor, the first diode, the second diode, the third diode and the capacitor are arranged in the shell, and the trigger button, the measuring gauge outfit, the current selection switch and the range selection switch are respectively arranged on the panel.
3. The universal diagnostic instrument for AC/DC motors of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the output rated voltage/current of the voltage stabilizing source is 1V/10A, the resistance values of the first resistor, the second resistor and the third resistor are 0.1 ohm, 1 ohm and 10 ohm respectively, and the output currents of the output port are 0.1A, 1A and 10A respectively through switching of three groups of switches of the current selection switch.
4. The universal diagnostic instrument for AC/DC motors of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the three-range terminals of the measuring gauge head are respectively 10mV, 25mV and 50 mV.
5. A method of using the universal diagnostic apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprising the steps of:
step one, measuring the position of a neutral line of an electric brush, wherein a motor is not moved, and the input end of the diagnostic instrument is connected to two adjacent electric brushes of an armature; two ends of the excitation winding are connected with the output end of the diagnostic instrument; the measuring range is set to 50mv and 100mA grade, if the pointer swing is not obvious, the measuring range is gradually reduced, and the measuring range selection and the current selection are respectively divided into three grades of 50mv, 25mv, 10mv and 100mA, 1A and 10A; closing the trigger switch, stopping slightly, and then disconnecting, and observing the swing numerical value of the pointer of the measuring gauge head; adjusting the position of the electric brush to ensure that the pointer of the measuring gauge head swings minimum, namely the position of the neutral line of the electric brush;
determining the connection between the commutating pole and the armature by an induction method, wherein when a commutating pole coil is connected to one side or two sides of the armature in series, the motor is not moved, and two ends of the commutating pole coil are connected with the input end of the diagnostic instrument; the two ends of the armature are connected with the output end of the diagnostic instrument; switching on the trigger switch, stopping slightly, and then switching off, and observing the swing direction of the pointer of the measuring gauge head; at the moment of switching on, measuring forward swing of a gauge outfit pointer, and showing that a commutating pole is correctly connected with an armature;
step three, checking the head and the tail of the outgoing line of the three-phase asynchronous motor, and connecting the output end of the diagnostic instrument to any phase winding during testing; the other phase winding is connected with the input end of the diagnostic instrument; closing a trigger switch, and observing and measuring the swing direction of a gauge outfit pointer; measuring the negative swing of the pointer of the meter head at the closing instant, which indicates that the positive poles of the input port and the output port of the diagnostic instrument are the same as the head and the tail, and if measuring the positive swing of the pointer of the meter head, which indicates that the positive poles of the input port and the output port of the diagnostic instrument are the same as the head and the tail, the positive poles of the input port and the output port of the diagnostic instrument are the same as the head and the tail; the other phase can be checked in the same way.
6. The method for using the universal diagnostic device as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in the first step, after the position of the central line of the electric brush is adjusted and completely fixed, the position is measured once and verified.
7. The method of using the universal diagnostic tool of claim 5, wherein: in the third step, if the three-phase asynchronous motor winding is connected into a Y-shaped connection outside the casing, any one pole of the input port and any one pole of the output port of the diagnostic instrument are connected together and then connected to the middle point of the Y-shaped connection, the other two poles are connected to any two phases, the trigger switch is closed, the pointer of the measuring meter swings towards the same direction, the head and the tail are correct, and the pointer swings towards two directions, so that the head and the tail are wrongly connected.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110332353.1A CN115128453A (en) | 2021-03-29 | 2021-03-29 | Universal diagnostic instrument for AC/DC motor and use method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110332353.1A CN115128453A (en) | 2021-03-29 | 2021-03-29 | Universal diagnostic instrument for AC/DC motor and use method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115128453A true CN115128453A (en) | 2022-09-30 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110332353.1A Pending CN115128453A (en) | 2021-03-29 | 2021-03-29 | Universal diagnostic instrument for AC/DC motor and use method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115128453A (en) |
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2021
- 2021-03-29 CN CN202110332353.1A patent/CN115128453A/en active Pending
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