CN115121235A - Method for recycling edible fungus vegetable biochar capable of adsorbing heavy metals - Google Patents
Method for recycling edible fungus vegetable biochar capable of adsorbing heavy metals Download PDFInfo
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 235000000023 Auricularia auricula Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 241001149430 Auricularia auricula-judae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 241000222519 Agaricus bisporus Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
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- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
- B01J20/3416—Regenerating or reactivating of sorbents or filter aids comprising free carbon, e.g. activated carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
- B01J20/345—Regenerating or reactivating using a particular desorbing compound or mixture
- B01J20/3475—Regenerating or reactivating using a particular desorbing compound or mixture in the liquid phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recycling edible fungus vegetable biochar adsorbing heavy metals, which comprises the following steps of: and mixing the auricularia auricula-judae biochar adsorbing heavy metals with a hydrochloric acid solution, stirring, washing, filtering and drying to obtain the regenerated auricularia auricula-judae biochar. According to the invention, hydrochloric acid solution is used for carrying out regeneration treatment on the agaric vegetable biochar, so that the adsorption capacity of the agaric vegetable biochar is recovered and improved, and the method has the advantages of simple process, convenience in operation, short consumed time, few types of chemical reagents, no need of complex special equipment and the like, heavy metals adsorbed in the agaric vegetable biochar can be effectively removed, the recovery and the reutilization of the heavy metals are facilitated, the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar can be continuously used for treating heavy metal wastewater, the reduction of the treatment cost of the heavy metal wastewater is facilitated, the use value is high, and the application prospect is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heavy metal wastewater treatment, relates to a method for recycling biochar, and particularly relates to a method for recycling agaric vegetable biochar capable of adsorbing heavy metals.
Background
The biochar is used as a cheap and environment-friendly heavy metal restoration agent, is widely applied to treatment of heavy metal pollution in water bodies such as industrial wastewater, surface water, underground water and the like, and has the advantages of low cost, good removal effect and the like. Meanwhile, in order to further reduce the treatment cost and avoid secondary pollution to the environment caused by leaching of heavy metals, researchers propose a strategy for recycling the biochar adsorbing the heavy metals, and remove the heavy metals adsorbed in the biochar by corresponding means, so that the biochar is regenerated and recycled, and the secondary pollution to the environment in the treatment process can be avoided to the greatest extent on the premise of further reducing the treatment cost.
Currently, the biochar regeneration process technology includes thermal regeneration, biological regeneration, wet oxidation regeneration, ultrasonic regeneration, microwave regeneration, chemical regeneration, and the like. However, the existing methods for regenerating the biochar mainly adopt a plurality of methods for combined regeneration, and require special devices and continuous oxygen or nitrogen introduction when necessary, which greatly increases the production cost, and meanwhile, the biochar may cause secondary pollution in the regeneration process. In addition, the existing chemical regeneration method needs a plurality of reagents and takes a long time of several hours or more than ten hours, so that the regeneration process of the biochar is complex, the regeneration time is long, the regeneration cost is high, and the improvement of the regeneration efficiency of the biochar is not facilitated. In addition, during the practical research process of the inventor of the present application, it is also found that: for the agaric vegetable biochar for adsorbing heavy metals, not all conventional chemical reagents can effectively recover the adsorption capacity of the agaric vegetable biochar, and the reutilization performance of the agaric vegetable biochar is not favorably improved, so that the extensive application of the agaric vegetable biochar in the treatment of heavy metal wastewater is greatly limited. Therefore, the method for regenerating the auricularia auricula-judae biochar, which has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, short time consumption, few chemical reagent types and no need of complex special equipment, is very important for effectively recovering the adsorption capacity of the auricularia auricula-judae biochar, improving the repeatability of the auricularia auricula-judae biochar and finally realizing the wide application of the auricularia auricula-judae biochar in the treatment of heavy metal wastewater.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the method for recycling the auricularia auricula-judae biochar capable of adsorbing heavy metals, which has the advantages of simple process, convenience in operation, short consumed time, few chemical reagent types and no need of complex special equipment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The regeneration and utilization method of the agaric vegetable biochar for adsorbing the heavy metals comprises the following steps of carrying out regeneration treatment on the agaric vegetable biochar for adsorbing the heavy metals:
s1, mixing the agaric vegetable biochar adsorbing the heavy metals with a hydrochloric acid solution, stirring, washing, filtering and drying to obtain the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar.
In the above recycling method, a further improvement is that in step S1, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.1mol/L to 2.0 mol/L; the stirring speed is 150 r/min-200 r/min; the stirring time is 15 min-30 min; and the washing step is to wash the stirred solid material until the pH value of the washing liquid is 4-5.
In the above recycling method, further improvement is that, in step S1, the agaric vegetable biochar adsorbing heavy metals is obtained by the following method:
(1) taking edible fungus as a raw material, heating to above 800 ℃, carbonizing, grinding, and sieving to obtain carbonized edible fungus;
(2) mixing the carbonized black fungus vegetable obtained in the step (1) with a hydrochloric acid solution, stirring, washing and drying to obtain black fungus vegetable biochar;
(3) and (3) mixing the agaric vegetable biochar obtained in the step (2) with heavy metal wastewater, carrying out oscillation adsorption, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain the agaric vegetable biochar capable of adsorbing heavy metals.
In the above recycling method, it is further improved that, in step (1), before the carbonizing, the method further comprises the following steps: drying Auricularia auricula-judae (L.) Underw, grinding, and pulverizing to obtain Auricularia auricula-judae (L.) Underw powder; the sieving is to sieve the ground product by 20-200 meshes; the carbonization is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere; the temperature rise rate in the carbonization process is 2-20 ℃/min; the carbonization time is 1-6 h.
In the above recycling method, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution in the step (2) is further improved to be 0.1 mol/L-2.0 mol/L; the stirring speed is 150 r/min-200 r/min; the stirring time is 15 min-30 min; and the washing step is to wash the stirred solid material until the pH value of the washing liquid is 4-4.5.
In the above recycling method, the method further comprises step S2: and (4) mixing the regenerated black fungus vegetable biochar obtained in the step (S1) with heavy metal wastewater for oscillation adsorption, and completing the recycling treatment of the heavy metal wastewater.
In the above recycling method, a further improvement is that in step S2, the ratio of the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar to heavy metal wastewater is 0.05 g-0.2 g: 30 mL; the initial concentration of the heavy metal in the heavy metal wastewater is 10 mg/L-50 mg/L; and the heavy metal in the heavy metal wastewater is chromium and/or arsenic.
In the above recycling method, a further improvement is that in step S2, the oscillating adsorption process further includes adjusting the pH of the heavy metal wastewater to 2-6; the oscillation adsorption is carried out at the rotating speed of 150 r/min-200 r/min; the temperature of the oscillation adsorption is 25 ℃; the oscillating adsorption time is 0.5-24 h.
The recycling method further includes step S3: and repeating the step S1 and the step S2, and repeatedly treating the heavy metal wastewater.
In the above recycling method, further modified, in step S3, the number of times of the repeated processing is 1 to 5.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention provides a method for recycling agaric vegetable biochar adsorbing heavy metals, which comprises the steps of carrying out regeneration treatment on the agaric vegetable biochar adsorbing the heavy metals, taking a hydrochloric acid solution as a regenerant, recovering and improving the adsorption capacity of the agaric vegetable biochar through the regeneration action of the hydrochloric acid solution, realizing the regeneration of the agaric vegetable biochar, further being beneficial to improving the reutilization property of the agaric vegetable biochar to the heavy metals, further being beneficial to treating heavy metal wastewater to the maximum extent on the premise of further reducing the treatment cost, and avoiding secondary pollution to the environment in the treatment process. Compared with other regenerants (such as nitric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution and sodium hydroxide solution), the regeneration and utilization method of the agaric vegetable biochar utilizes the hydrochloric acid solution to carry out regeneration treatment on the agaric vegetable biochar, so that the adsorption capacity of the agaric vegetable biochar is recovered and improved, special activation equipment is not needed for the regeneration treatment, the actual operability is high, meanwhile, the time required by the regeneration treatment is short, and good economic and social benefits are achieved. The regeneration and utilization method has the advantages of simple process, convenience in operation, short time consumption, few chemical reagent types, no need of complex special equipment and the like, can effectively remove heavy metals adsorbed in the auricularia auricula-judae biochar, is favorable for recycling the heavy metals, can continuously use the regenerated auricularia auricula-judae biochar for treating heavy metal wastewater, is favorable for reducing the treatment cost of the heavy metal wastewater, and has high use value and good application prospect.
(2) In the regeneration and utilization method, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution adopted in the regeneration treatment process is optimized, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is optimized to be 0.1-2.0 mol/L, and the agaric vegetable biochar can be effectively regenerated under safer conditions, because the structure of the biochar is damaged due to overhigh concentration, uncertain influence is brought to subsequent recovery experiments, while the desorption effect of the biochar with overlow concentration is not utilized, so that the subsequent recovery efficiency is overlow, particularly, when the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1.2mol/L, the adsorption performance of the obtained regenerated agaric vegetable biochar is basically recovered, the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar can be used for treating heavy metal wastewater for multiple times, and the repeated treatment effect is the best.
(3) The regeneration and utilization method further comprises the step of carrying out reutilization treatment on the heavy metal wastewater by adopting the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar, wherein the reutilization of the agaric vegetable biochar on the heavy metal wastewater can be realized by utilizing the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar to carry out oscillation adsorption with the heavy metal wastewater, so that the treatment cost of the heavy metal wastewater can be further reduced by utilizing the agaric vegetable biochar to repeatedly treat the heavy metal wastewater. The recycling method has the advantages of strong reusability, low treatment cost, high treatment efficiency, good removal effect and the like, can be widely used for treating heavy metal wastewater, and has very important significance for realizing effective treatment of the heavy metal wastewater.
Drawings
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is SEM images of the agaricus bisporus biochar, the agaricus bisporus biochar adsorbing chromium, and the agaricus bisporus biochar adsorbing chromium and arsenic according to example 1 of the present invention, wherein (a) is the agaricus bisporus biochar, (b) is the agaricus bisporus biochar adsorbing chromium, and (c) is the agaricus bisporus biochar adsorbing chromium and arsenic.
Fig. 2 is an infrared spectrum of the auricularia auricula-judae biochar (a), the auricularia auricula-judae biochar (B) adsorbing chromium and the auricularia auricula-judae biochar (C) adsorbing chromium and arsenic prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the effect of biochar from Auricularia auricula (L.) Underw on the repeated treatment of chromium and arsenic in wastewater in example 2 of the present invention, wherein (a) is a control group and (b) is an experimental group.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific preferred embodiments of the description, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and equipment used were commercially available, the process used was a conventional one, the equipment used was conventional, and the data obtained were average values of three or more repeated experiments.
Examples
The regeneration and utilization method of the auricularia auricula-judae biochar capable of adsorbing heavy metals comprises the following steps of:
s1, mixing the agaric vegetable biochar adsorbing heavy metals with a hydrochloric acid solution, stirring, washing, filtering and drying to obtain regenerated agaric vegetable biochar;
s2, mixing the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar obtained in the step S1 with heavy metal wastewater for oscillation adsorption, and completing the recycling treatment of the heavy metal wastewater;
and repeating the step S1 and the step S2, and repeatedly treating the heavy metal wastewater.
In order to further promote the regeneration of auricularia auriculajudae dish charcoal and utilize the effect, the improvement technical scheme who adopts in this application has: in step S1, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.1 mol/L-2.0 mol/L; the stirring speed is 150 r/min-200 r/min; the stirring time is 15 min-30 min; and the washing step is to wash the stirred solid material until the pH value of the washing liquid is 4-5.
In order to further promote the regeneration of auricularia auriculajudae dish charcoal and utilize the effect, the improvement technical scheme who adopts in this application has: in step S1, the agaric vegetable biochar adsorbing heavy metals is obtained by the following method:
(1) taking edible fungus as a raw material, heating to above 800 ℃, carbonizing, grinding, and sieving to obtain carbonized edible fungus;
(2) mixing the carbonized black fungus vegetable obtained in the step (1) with a hydrochloric acid solution, stirring, washing and drying to obtain black fungus vegetable biochar;
(3) and (3) mixing the agaric vegetable biochar obtained in the step (2) with heavy metal wastewater, carrying out oscillation adsorption, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain the agaric vegetable biochar capable of adsorbing heavy metals.
In order to further promote the regeneration of auricularia auriculajudae dish charcoal and utilize the effect, the improvement technical scheme who adopts in this application has: in the step (1), before carbonization, the method further comprises the following steps of: drying Auricularia auricula-judae (L.) Underw, grinding, and pulverizing to obtain Auricularia auricula-judae (L.) Underw powder; the sieving is to sieve the ground product by 20-200 meshes; the carbonization is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere; the temperature rise rate in the carbonization process is 2-20 ℃/min; the carbonization time is 1-6 h.
In order to further promote the regeneration of auricularia auriculajudae dish charcoal and utilize the effect, the improvement technical scheme who adopts in this application has: in the step (2), the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.1-2.0 mol/L; the stirring speed is 150 r/min-200 r/min; the stirring time is 15 min-30 min; and the washing step is to wash the stirred solid material until the pH value of the washing liquid is 4-4.5.
In order to further promote the regeneration of auricularia auriculajudae dish charcoal and utilize the effect, the improvement technical scheme who adopts in this application has: in step S2, the ratio of the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar to the heavy metal wastewater is 0.05 g-0.2 g: 30 mL; the initial concentration of the heavy metal in the heavy metal wastewater is 10 mg/L-50 mg/L; and the heavy metal in the heavy metal wastewater is chromium and/or arsenic.
In order to further promote the regeneration of auricularia auriculajudae dish charcoal and utilize the effect, the improvement technical scheme who adopts in this application has: in the step S2, the oscillation adsorption process further comprises the steps of adjusting the pH value of the heavy metal wastewater to 2-6; the oscillation adsorption is carried out at the rotating speed of 150 r/min-200 r/min; the temperature of the oscillation adsorption is 25 ℃; the oscillating adsorption time is 0.5-24 h.
In order to further promote the regeneration of auricularia auriculajudae dish charcoal and utilize the effect, the improvement technical scheme who adopts in this application has: in step S3, the number of times of the above-described repetition process is 1 to 5 times.
Example 1
A method for recycling edible fungus vegetable biochar for adsorbing heavy metals, wherein the edible fungus vegetable biochar for adsorbing heavy metals comprises edible fungus vegetable biochar for adsorbing chromium and arsenic (biochar for achieving adsorption saturation), and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing 2g of agaric vegetable biochar adsorbing chromium and arsenic with 1.2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution respectively, placing the obtained mixed solution in a magnetic stirrer at 180r/min, stirring for 15min, washing with deionized water until the pH value of a washing solution is 5, filtering, and drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain regenerated agaric vegetable biochar, wherein the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar after processing Cr (VI) pollutants is marked as A1; the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar after treating the mixed pollutants of As (V) and Cr (VI) is marked As B1. If the regeneration treatment is carried out for the 2 nd time, respectively marking the regenerated agaricus bisporus biochar after treating the Cr (VI) pollutant and the regenerated agaricus bisporus biochar after treating the mixed pollutant of As (V) and Cr (VI) As A2 and B2; and (3) performing regeneration treatment for the 3 rd time, respectively marking the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar after treating the Cr (VI) pollutant and the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar after treating the As (V) and Cr (VI) mixed pollutant As A3 and B4, and numbering the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar obtained after other regeneration treatments according to the above rule by analogy.
Control group: replacing a hydrochloric acid solution with a sodium hydroxide solution, a nitric acid solution and a sulfuric acid solution with the same concentration to carry out regeneration treatment under the same other conditions, wherein the regenerated agaricus bisporus biochar after treatment of the Cr (VI) pollutants is respectively numbered as C1, D1 and E1 in sequence; the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar after treating the As (V) and Cr (VI) mixed pollutants is sequentially numbered As C2, D2 and E2.
S2, treating heavy metal wastewater by using the regenerated agaricus bisporus biochar prepared in the step S1, which specifically comprises the following steps:
treating the chromium wastewater by using regenerated agaric vegetable biochar (A1, C1, D1 and E1): taking 4 groups of chromium (Cr (VI)) wastewater (three parallel samples are arranged in each group, averaging the results), adjusting the pH value of the wastewater to 3.5 by using 0.1mol/L HCl solution or 0.1mol/L NaOH solution, fixing the volume to 30mL, respectively adding 0.1g of regenerated agaric vegetable biochar (A1, C1, D1 and E1) prepared in the step S1 into the chromium (Cr (VI)) wastewater with the initial concentration of 30mg/L, and oscillating and adsorbing the mixture for 8 hours in a shaking table with the rotating speed of 180r/min and the constant temperature (25 ℃) to finish the removal of chromium in the wastewater.
Treating mixed wastewater of chromium and arsenic by using regenerated agaricus bisporus biochar (B1, C2, D2 and E2): taking 4 groups of mixed wastewater of chromium (Cr (VI)) and arsenic As (V) (three parallel samples are arranged in each group, averaging the results), adjusting the pH value of the wastewater to 3.5 by using 0.1mol/L HCl solution or 0.1mol/L NaOH solution, fixing the volume to 30mL, respectively adding 0.1g of regenerated agaric vegetable biochar (B1, C2, D2 and E2) prepared in the step S1 into the mixed wastewater, and carrying out oscillation adsorption for 8 hours in a constant-temperature (25 ℃) shaking table at the rotation speed of 180r/min to complete the removal of chromium and arsenic in the wastewater.
In this embodiment, the chromium-adsorbing agaric vegetable biochar and the chromium-and arsenic-adsorbing agaric vegetable biochar are prepared by the following methods:
the preparation method of the chromium-adsorbing agaric vegetable biochar comprises the following steps: taking chromium (Cr (VI)) wastewater (three parallel samples are arranged in each group, averaging the results), adjusting the pH value of the wastewater to 3.5 by using 0.1mol/L HCl solution or 0.1mol/L NaOH solution, fixing the volume to 30mL, adding 0.1g of agaric vegetable biochar when the initial concentration of Cr (VI) in the chromium (Cr (VI)) wastewater is 30mg/L, carrying out oscillation adsorption on a shaking table at a constant temperature (25 ℃) at a rotating speed of 180r/min, and reacting for 8 hours to obtain the agaric vegetable biochar adsorbing chromium.
The preparation method of the agaric vegetable biochar capable of adsorbing chromium and arsenic comprises the following steps: taking mixed wastewater of chromium (Cr (VI)) and arsenic As (V) (three parallel samples are arranged in each group, averaging the results), adjusting the pH value of the wastewater to 3.5 by using 0.1mol/L HCl solution or 0.1mol/L NaOH solution, fixing the volume to 30mL, adding 0.1g of agaric vegetable biochar into the mixed wastewater, oscillating and adsorbing the mixed wastewater in a shaking table at a constant temperature (25 ℃) and a rotating speed of 180r/min, and reacting for 8 hours to obtain the agaric vegetable biochar capable of adsorbing chromium and arsenic.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the agaric vegetable biochar comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning the collected raw material (Auricularia auricula-judae) with ultrapure water, drying in an oven at 60 deg.C to constant weight, and grinding into powder with a grinder to obtain Auricularia auricula-judae powder.
(2) Putting the agaric powder obtained in the step (1) into a quartz boat with proper size, sending the quartz boat into a tube type heating furnace, sealing a cabin door of the tube type heating furnace, detecting the air tightness, and introducing N 2 After about 5min, exhausting oxygen in the furnace chamber, starting a heating program, gradually heating the furnace chamber to a target temperature of 850 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 10 ℃/min by using a tubular furnace, continuously carbonizing the furnace chamber at 850 ℃ for 2h, cooling the furnace chamber to room temperature at the speed of 10 ℃/min, grinding the furnace chamber, and sieving the furnace chamber by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the carbonized black fungus dish.
(3) And (3) soaking the carbonized agaric vegetable obtained in the step (2) in HCl solution with the concentration of 1.2mol/L, stirring for 15min under the stirring condition of 180r/min, washing off redundant impurities on the surface of the biochar, washing off redundant acid on the surface of the biochar powder by using ultrapure water until the pH value of a washing liquid is 4-4.5, and drying the cleaned biochar at 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the agaric vegetable biochar.
Fig. 1 is SEM images of the agaricus bisporus biochar, the agaricus bisporus biochar adsorbing chromium, and the agaricus bisporus biochar adsorbing chromium and arsenic according to example 1 of the present invention, wherein (a) is the agaricus bisporus biochar, (b) is the agaricus bisporus biochar adsorbing chromium, and (c) is the agaricus bisporus biochar adsorbing chromium and arsenic. As can be seen from fig. 1, the agaricus bisporus biochar prepared at 850 ℃ has a significant pore structure, the pore structure of the biochar after hexavalent chromium is adsorbed is reduced, the pore structure of the biochar after hexavalent chromium and pentavalent arsenic are adsorbed is significantly disappeared, and the surface of the biochar is smooth.
Fig. 2 is an infrared spectrum of the auricularia auricula-judae biochar (a), the auricularia auricula-judae biochar (B) adsorbing chromium and the auricularia auricula-judae biochar (C) adsorbing chromium and arsenic prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Table 1 structural performance data of agaric vegetable charcoal in example 1 of the present invention
As can be seen from Table 1, the agaricus bisporus biochar prepared at 850 ℃ has high specific surface area and abundant adsorption sites, is very suitable for heavy metal adsorption, and the-OH and-COOH functional groups in the agaricus bisporus biochar are favorable for heavy metal adsorption, and meanwhile, the specific surface area and the functional group structure of the regenerated agaricus bisporus biochar are basically recovered, so that the regenerated agaricus bisporus biochar can be repeatedly used for treating heavy metal wastewater.
In this example, after the completion of the oscillation adsorption in step S2, solid-liquid separation was performed, the concentrations of chromium and arsenic in the solution were measured, and the removal rates of chromium and arsenic in wastewater by the respective regenerated agaricus bisporus biochar (a1, B1, C1, D1, E1, C2, D2, and E2) were calculated, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 removal rate of chromium and arsenic in wastewater by using the regenerated agaricus bisporus biochar prepared under different regenerant conditions in example 1 of the present invention
As can be seen from table 2, compared with the alkaline desorbent, the acidic desorbent is more beneficial to recycling of the agaric vegetable biochar, and in the process of recycling the agaric vegetable biochar, the other three acidic desorbents have the activation effects of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid on the agaric vegetable biochar in sequence, which may change the structure and functional groups of the biochar under different acidic conditions, and even have influence on desorption of the adsorbate.
Example 2
The utility model provides a regeneration of edible tree fungus dish charcoal of absorption heavy metal utilizes edible tree fungus dish charcoal of absorption heavy metal to repeat the heavy metal waste water, and wherein the edible tree fungus dish charcoal of absorption heavy metal includes edible tree fungus dish charcoal of absorption chromium and the edible tree fungus dish charcoal of absorption chromium and arsenic (reaches the biochar that adsorbs saturation), includes the following step:
s1, taking 2g of the chromium-adsorbing black fungus vegetable biochar prepared in the embodiment 1 and 2g of the chromium-and arsenic-adsorbing black fungus vegetable biochar prepared in the embodiment 1, respectively mixing the two with 1.2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, placing the obtained mixed solution in a 180r/min magnetic stirrer, stirring for 15min, washing with deionized water until the pH value of the washing solution is 5, filtering, drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain regenerated black fungus vegetable biochar, wherein the regenerated black fungus vegetable biochar after Cr (VI) pollutant treatment is marked as A1; the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar after treating the mixed pollutants of As (V) and Cr (VI) is marked As B1. If the regeneration treatment is carried out for the 2 nd time, respectively marking the regenerated agaricus bisporus biochar after treating the Cr (VI) pollutant and the regenerated agaricus bisporus biochar after treating the mixed pollutant of As (V) and Cr (VI) As A2 and B2; and (3) performing regeneration treatment for the 3 rd time, respectively marking the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar after treating the Cr (VI) pollutant and the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar after treating the As (V) and Cr (VI) mixed pollutant As A3 and B4, and numbering the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar obtained after other regeneration treatments according to the above rule by analogy.
S2, treating heavy metal wastewater by using the regenerated agaricus bisporus biochar prepared in the step S1, which specifically comprises the following steps:
treating the chromium wastewater by using regenerated agaric vegetable biochar (A1): taking chromium (Cr (VI)) wastewater (three parallel samples are arranged in each group, averaging the results), adjusting the pH value of the wastewater to 3.5 by using 0.1mol/L HCl solution or 0.1mol/L NaOH solution, fixing the volume to 30mL, respectively adding 0.1g of regenerated agaric vegetable biochar (A1) prepared in the step S1 into the chromium (Cr (VI)) wastewater with the initial concentration of Cr (VI) of 30mg/L, and oscillating and adsorbing for 8 hours in a constant-temperature (25 ℃) shaking table at the rotating speed of 180r/min to finish the removal of chromium in the wastewater.
Treating the mixed wastewater of chromium and arsenic by using regenerated agaricus bisporus biochar (B1): taking 4 groups of mixed wastewater of chromium (Cr (VI)) and arsenic As (V) (three parallel samples are arranged in each group, averaging the results), adjusting the pH value of the wastewater to 3.5 by using 0.1mol/L HCl solution or 0.1mol/L NaOH solution, fixing the volume to 30mL, respectively adding 0.1g of regenerated agaric vegetable biochar (B1) prepared in the step S1 into the mixed wastewater, oscillating and adsorbing for 8 hours in a shaking table at a constant temperature (25 ℃) and a rotating speed of 180r/min, and finishing the removal of chromium and arsenic in the wastewater.
S3, repeating the steps S1 and S2, and repeatedly treating the heavy metal wastewater by using the regenerated black fungus vegetable biochar for 5 times.
Control group: and (4) replacing the hydrochloric acid solution in the step S1 with water to regenerate the chromium-adsorbed gynura segetum biochar and the chromium-and arsenic-adsorbed gynura segetum biochar under the same conditions.
After each oscillation adsorption, performing solid-liquid separation, measuring the concentrations of chromium and arsenic in the solution, and calculating the removal rate of the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar on chromium and arsenic in the wastewater, wherein the result is shown in fig. 3.
FIG. 3 shows the effect of biochar from Auricularia auricula (L.) Underw on the repeated treatment of chromium and arsenic in wastewater in example 2 of the present invention, wherein (a) is a control group and (b) is an experimental group. As can be seen from fig. 3, the agaric vegetable biochar regenerated by hydrochloric acid solution in the present invention still has a good heavy metal removal effect and a small decrease of the removal rate after five regeneration cycles, while the agaric vegetable biochar not regenerated by hydrochloric acid solution has a poor heavy metal removal effect and a large decrease of the removal rate, specifically, the agaric vegetable biochar does not undergo heavy metal desorption by hydrochloric acid, so the biochar has a low recycling efficiency, while the agaric vegetable biochar after acid washing does not even undergo a decrease in the previous three recycling cycles, which may be because the hydrochloric acid concentration is relatively high, and can empty impurities adsorbed in a deeper pore structure, even the biochar is cleaned up in pores adsorbed by impurities before use, and heavy metal adsorbents are desorbed by acid, and active sites of biochar are exposed again to facilitate biochar regeneration, however, after the biochar is repeatedly used for many times, the active sites, the structure and the functional groups of the biochar can be damaged through the repeated washing of acid and the adsorption of heavy metals, and the recycling efficiency of the biochar can be reduced. In general, hydrochloric acid is used as a regenerant, so that the regeneration and recycling of the biochar can be obviously improved, the possibility of recycling the biochar is realized, and the hydrochloric acid is safer than nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
The above examples are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. All technical schemes belonging to the idea of the invention belong to the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and such modifications and embellishments should also be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for recycling the auricularia auricula-judae biochar capable of adsorbing heavy metals is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, mixing the agaric vegetable biochar adsorbing the heavy metals with a hydrochloric acid solution, stirring, washing, filtering and drying to obtain the regenerated agaric vegetable biochar.
2. The recycling method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.1mol/L to 2.0 mol/L; the stirring speed is 150 r/min-200 r/min; the stirring time is 15 min-30 min; and the washing step is to wash the stirred solid material until the pH value of the washing liquid is 4-5.
3. The recycling method according to claim 2, wherein in step S1, the agaricus bisporus biochar adsorbing heavy metals is obtained by:
(1) taking edible fungus as a raw material, heating to above 800 ℃, carbonizing, grinding, and sieving to obtain carbonized edible fungus;
(2) mixing the carbonized black fungus vegetable obtained in the step (1) with a hydrochloric acid solution, stirring, washing and drying to obtain black fungus vegetable biochar;
(3) and (3) mixing the agaric vegetable biochar obtained in the step (2) with heavy metal wastewater, carrying out oscillation adsorption, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain the agaric vegetable biochar capable of adsorbing heavy metals.
4. The recycling method according to claim 3, wherein the step (1) further comprises the following steps of, before the carbonization step: drying Auricularia auricula-judae (L.) Underw, grinding, and pulverizing to obtain Auricularia auricula-judae (L.) Underw powder; the sieving is to sieve the ground product by 20-200 meshes; the carbonization is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere; the heating rate in the carbonization process is 2-20 ℃/min; the carbonization time is 1-6 h;
in the step (2), the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.1-2.0 mol/L; the stirring speed is 150 r/min-200 r/min; the stirring time is 15 min-30 min; and the washing step is to wash the stirred solid material until the pH value of the washing liquid is 4-4.5.
5. The recycling method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising step S2: and (4) mixing the regenerated black fungus vegetable biochar obtained in the step (S1) with heavy metal wastewater for oscillation adsorption, and completing the recycling treatment of the heavy metal wastewater.
6. The recycling method according to claim 5, wherein in step S2, the ratio of the regenerated black fungus vegetable biochar to heavy metal wastewater is 0.05 g-0.2 g: 30 mL; the initial concentration of the heavy metal in the heavy metal wastewater is 10 mg/L-50 mg/L; and the heavy metal in the heavy metal wastewater is chromium and/or arsenic.
7. The recycling method according to claim 6, wherein in step S2, the oscillating adsorption process further comprises adjusting the pH value of the heavy metal wastewater to 2-6; the oscillation adsorption is carried out at the rotating speed of 150 r/min-200 r/min; the temperature of the oscillation adsorption is 25 ℃; the oscillating adsorption time is 0.5-24 h.
8. The recycling method according to claim 5, further comprising step S3: and repeating the step S1 and the step S2, and repeatedly treating the heavy metal wastewater.
9. The recycling method according to claim 8, wherein the number of times of the repeated processing in step S3 is 1 to 5.
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