CN115119712A

CN115119712A - Butterfly orchid culture medium and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN115119712A
Application number: CN202210971349.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙映波; 朱根发; 于波; 黄丽丽; 刘小飞; 杨钰钗; 叶玉成; 陈建伟; 林惜才
Original assignee: Guangdong Flower World Expo Park Agricultural Technology Co ltd; Environmental Horticulture Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Guangdong Flower World Expo Park Agricultural Technology Co ltd; Environmental Horticulture Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2022-08-12
Filing date: 2022-08-12
Publication date: 2022-09-30
Anticipated expiration: 2042-08-12
Also published as: CN115119712B

Abstract

The invention discloses a phalaenopsis culture medium and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of plant soilless culture. The matrix raw material consists of plant fiber and rosin type adhesive; the plant fiber is one of sisal fiber, jute fiber and coconut coir; the rosin type adhesive is one of wood rosin biological adhesives or adhesives taking rosin ester and hydrogenated rosin ester as basic raw materials. The invention prepares a novel culture medium (sisal, jute and coconut husk type culture medium) suitable for phalaenopsis by mixing one of sisal fiber, jute fiber or coconut husk with a rosin type adhesive and performing puffing treatment, and has the advantages of low cost, good water absorption, water retention and fertilizer retention effects, moderate medium softness, suitability for the development of the meat root system of phalaenopsis, difficult acidification and decay after being applied for a period of time and the like. The raw materials used in the invention are all plant environment-friendly raw materials, and the prepared culture medium has no pollution and adverse effect on the environment.

Description

Butterfly orchid culture medium and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soilless culture of plants, in particular to a phalaenopsis culture medium and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Phalaenopsis aphrodite H.G.Reichenbach is a plant of the genus Phalaenopsis of the family Orchidaceae. The butterfly orchid has beautiful and beautiful flowers, long flower watching period and many flowers, can absorb indoor harmful gas, can purify air and can be used as a pot culture for appreciation. It can also be used as high-grade material for cut flower, honoured guest corsage, bride flower, flower basket flower arrangement, and can be used as gift in festival. Butterfly orchid is a flower (ornamental plant) which is widely and popular to plant.

At present, the Phalaenopsis amabilis cultivation generally adopts water moss as a cultivation medium, but the application of the water moss has 3 problems: firstly, the sphagna is easy to acidify and decay after being applied for a period of time, and is not beneficial to the development of fleshy root systems; secondly, the water moss excavation has great damage to the environment, and the excessive exploitation has the danger of resource exhaustion; thirdly, the water moss is in short supply and has higher price. For the reasons, countries in Europe and America and the like gradually start to adopt barks as substitute matrixes, and China tries to adopt single or composite matrixes such as peat, coconut chaff, coconut pieces, bagasse, peanut shells, larch needles and the like to carry out soilless culture production of phalaenopsis. However, the above alternatives still have certain differences between the cultivation effect of the phalaenopsis and the water moss cultivation medium.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a phalaenopsis culture medium and a preparation method and application thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, achieving a culture effect similar to or better than that of a sphagna culture medium and avoiding the technical problem that the sphagna culture medium is easy to acidify and rot after being applied for a period of time.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

according to one technical scheme, the phalaenopsis culture medium is prepared from raw materials consisting of plant fibers and a rosin type adhesive;

the plant fiber is one of sisal fiber, jute fiber and coconut coir;

the rosin type adhesive is one of wood rosin biological adhesives or adhesives taking rosin ester and hydrogenated rosin ester as basic raw materials.

Sisal fibers are often used for preparing cables and inner layers of tires; jute fiber is often used for preparing work clothes, automotive cloth and the like; coconut coir is the shredded coconut husk (scrap, chaff) and is a by-product or waste of coconut after processing. Sisal fiber, jute fiber or coir all have the advantage of low price. Common plant fibers also include bagasse, but the bagasse contains high sugar content, and the prepared culture medium is easy to mildew in the application process, so the culture medium is not suitable for preparing the phalaenopsis culture medium.

Further, the mass ratio of the plant fiber to the rosin-type adhesive is 95-97: 5-3.

The excessive addition of the rosin-type adhesive can affect the swelling effect of the plant fiber, improve the hardness of the culture medium, reduce the water absorption, water retention and fertilizer retention effects of the culture medium and affect the development of the fleshy root of the phalaenopsis amabilis; too little rosin type adhesive is added, so that the plant fiber is excessively expanded in the expanding process, the culture substrate is too loose, the water and fertilizer retention effect of the culture substrate is influenced on one hand, the transportation of the production and sale link of the commodity phalaenopsis amabilis is not facilitated on the other hand (the crushed substrate is easy to fall out to pollute leaves, flowers and the like when the culture substrate is transversely stacked and boxed), and the yield and the economic benefit of the phalaenopsis amabilis are reduced.

Further, the water content of the plant fiber is 20-30%.

Too low or too high a water content may affect the effect of the subsequent puffing treatment, and therefore, the preferred water content of the plant fiber is 20-30%.

According to the second technical scheme, the preparation method of the phalaenopsis culture medium comprises the following steps:

and mixing the plant fiber with the rosin type adhesive and then carrying out puffing treatment to obtain the phalaenopsis culture medium.

Further, the plant fiber is pulverized to 3-4cm, the rosin type binder is ground to 40 mesh or more, and then the two are mixed.

Further, the temperature of the expansion treatment is 100-120 ℃.

The puffing temperature is too low, which can affect the puffing effect and reduce the water and fertilizer retention effect, while the puffing temperature is too high, which can cause the carbonization of the plant fiber material and affect the cultivation effect of the plant fiber material as a cultivation substrate of the phalaenopsis, therefore, the preferred temperature of the puffing treatment is 100-.

Further, the pressure of the puffing treatment is 1-2 MPa.

Too small swelling pressure can affect the swelling effect and reduce the water and fertilizer retention effect, while too large swelling pressure can cause the carbonization of the plant fiber material and affect the cultivation effect of the plant fiber material as a butterfly orchid cultivation matrix, therefore, the preferable pressure of the swelling treatment is 1-2 Mpa.

Furthermore, the stay time of the materials (the plant fiber and the rosin-type adhesive) in the extrusion type screw rod during the bulking treatment is 3-6s (adjusted by the length-diameter ratio and the rotating speed of the screw rod and the like).

The swelling time is too short, which can affect the swelling effect and reduce the water and fertilizer retention effect, while the swelling time is too long, which can cause the carbonization of the plant fiber material and affect the cultivation effect of the plant fiber material as a cultivation medium of the phalaenopsis, therefore, the preferred time of the material staying on the extrusion type screw rod during the swelling treatment is 3-6 s.

Furthermore, the particle size (volume) of the plant fiber after the expansion treatment is 1.5 to 2.2 times of the particle size (volume) of the plant fiber before the expansion treatment (namely the expansion degree is 1.5 to 2.2).

The swelling of the plant fiber is too little, which affects the water absorption, water retention and fertilizer retention effects; too much plant fiber is expanded, and the rotten root of the phalaenopsis is easily caused by too strong water absorption and water retention effects. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable that the particle size (volume) of the plant fiber after the expansion treatment is 1.5 to 2.2 times the particle size (volume) of the plant fiber before the expansion treatment (i.e., the expansion degree is 1.5 to 2.2).

According to the third technical scheme, the phalaenopsis culture medium is applied to soilless culture of phalaenopsis.

The technical idea of the invention is as follows:

the medium is suitable for the culture medium of the phalaenopsis, and the relationship among air, moisture and nutrients needs to be well coordinated, namely sufficient moisture and nutrient supply is ensured, and sufficient air gaps are also ensured, so that the medium is beneficial to the development of the meat root system of the phalaenopsis. The plant fiber which is not subjected to the expansion treatment is too hard, and has poor water absorption, water retention and fertilizer retention, so that the plant fiber cannot be directly used as a culture medium of phalaenopsis. The plant fiber is puffed under the control of certain temperature, pressure, acting time and other conditions to expand the volume of the plant fiber properly and raise the water absorbing, water maintaining and fertilizer maintaining effect. Yet another disadvantage associated with bulking is that the vegetable fibers can become loose and brittle. As the butterfly orchid needs to be transversely stacked and boxed in the transportation process in the production and sale link to save the packaging space, the too loose culture substrate can easily fall off to pollute leaves, flowers and the like in the transportation process, and the yield and the economic benefit of the butterfly orchid are influenced. According to the invention, before the plant fiber is subjected to the expansion treatment, the plant fiber and the rosin-type adhesive powder are mixed, and the rosin-type adhesive is a hot-melt adhesive which is heated, softened and melted in the heating and expansion treatment process (the softening point is 70-110 ℃ at normal pressure, the melting point is 110-135 ℃ at normal pressure, and the melting point can be controlled at 100-120 ℃ at 1-2Mpa pressure), so that on one hand, the excessive expansion of the plant fiber can be inhibited, on the other hand, a certain bonding effect can be performed on the expanded plant fiber, the expanded plant fiber is prevented from being too loose, and the processed matrix is more suitable for being used as a substitute matrix for butterfly orchid cultivation.

The invention discloses the following technical effects:

according to the invention, the culture medium (the finished product is flocculent or coarse scrap) suitable for the phalaenopsis is prepared by mixing sisal fiber, jute fiber or coir (the leftovers in the manufacturing process of the sisal fiber, the jute fiber or coir can also be adopted, so that the cost can be saved, the waste recycling is realized), and the rosin-type adhesive, and then the swelling treatment is carried out, so that the culture medium has the advantages of low cost and moderate water absorption, water retention and fertilizer retention effects, and is relatively suitable for soilless culture of phalaenopsis (the phalaenopsis culture medium has poor water absorption, water retention and fertilizer retention performances, so that frequent watering and fertilizer pouring are required, the manpower is wasted, the development of the root system of the phalaenopsis is not facilitated, the water absorption and water retention effects of the phalaenopsis culture medium are too strong, the root rot phenomenon of the phalaenopsis is easily caused), and the medium has moderate softness, is relatively suitable for the development of the meat root system of the phalaenopsis, and is not easy to acidify and rot.

The raw materials used in the invention are all plant environment-friendly raw materials, and the prepared culture medium can be finally degraded and converted into organic matters required by plant growth to be absorbed and utilized by plants, thus having no pollution and adverse effect on the environment.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a photograph of a phalaenopsis amabilis culture substrate 1 prepared in example 1;

FIG. 2 is a photograph of a culture medium 1 for Phalaenopsis prepared in example 1 and a culture medium for Phalaenopsis in which Phalaenopsis is cultured for four months;

fig. 3 is a photograph of the phalaenopsis amabilis culture medium 2 prepared in example 2 and a photograph of phalaenopsis amabilis cultured in a water-moss medium for four months.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including but not limited to.

The "parts" in the present invention are in parts by mass unless otherwise specified.

The raw materials used in the examples of the present invention were obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

Pulverizing sisal fiber to 3-4cm, grinding wood rosin biological adhesive to 40 mesh, mixing the two, and putting into a bulking machine for bulking under the conditions: the temperature is 110 ℃, the pressure is 1.5Mpa, and the stay time of the fed spiral rod is 5s, so as to obtain the butterfly orchid culture medium 1.

As a result: the photo of the phalaenopsis amabilis culture medium 1 prepared in this example is shown in fig. 1. The particle size (volume) of the sisal fibers after the swelling treatment in the culture medium 1 is 1.5-2 times of the particle size (volume) of the sisal fibers before the swelling treatment (namely, the swelling degree is 1.5-2).

Example 2

Grinding a bonding agent using rosin ester and hydrogenated rosin ester as basic raw materials to a particle size of 40 meshes, mixing the ground bonding agent with the leftovers of jute fibers (longer jute fibers are ground to a length of 3-4cm), and putting the mixture into a bulking machine for bulking under the conditions as follows: the temperature is 120 ℃, the pressure is 1Mpa, and the stay time of the feeding spiral rod is 4s, so as to obtain the phalaenopsis culture medium 2.

As a result: the grain diameter (volume) of the jute fiber after the bulking treatment in the culture medium 2 is 1.5 to 1.8 times of the grain diameter (volume) of the jute fiber before the bulking treatment (namely the bulking degree is 1.5 to 1.8).

Example 3

Crushing lumpy coconut coir to 3-4cm, grinding adhesive with rosin ester and hydrogenated rosin ester as basic material to 40 mesh, mixing the two and puffing in a puffing machine under the conditions: the temperature is 100 ℃, the pressure is 2Mpa, and the stay time of the fed spiral rod is 6s, so as to obtain the butterfly orchid culture medium 3.

As a result: the grain diameter (volume) of the coconut coir after the bulking treatment in the culture medium 3 is 1.8-2.1 times of the grain diameter (volume) of the coconut coir before the bulking treatment (namely, the bulking degree is 1.8-2.1).

Comparative example 1

The only difference from example 1 is that the addition of wood rosin biological adhesive was omitted and a culture substrate 1-1 was obtained.

As a result: the particle size (volume) of the sisal fibers in the culture medium 1-1 after the swelling treatment is 2.5-3 times of the particle size (volume) of the sisal fibers before the swelling treatment.

The culture medium prepared by the comparative example is too loose, the effect of the culture medium used as a butterfly orchid culture medium is not ideal, and the yield and the economic benefit are reduced particularly when the culture medium is used as a culture medium in the transfer process of the production and sale links of the butterfly orchid.

The cultivation effect of the phalaenopsis culture medium (1, 2, 3) prepared in examples 1-3 was verified, and a commercially available sphagna medium was used as a control. The specific test process is as follows:

butterfly orchid is selected to grow with a height of 2.0cm, two cotyledons, a leaf space of about 4.0cm, a maximum leaf width of about 1.5cm and a seedling age of 1.5 inches of cup seedlings after one month of hardening of bottle seedlings, butterfly orchid culture media (1 sisal type, 2 jute type and 3 coco coir type) prepared in examples 1-3 are respectively used as media, sphagna media sold in the market are used as a reference, and grouping management is carried out, wherein the group identification marks are as follows: example 1, example 2, example 3 and sphagna. Unified management is adopted to the management mode after butterfly orchid transplants in 4 groups, and the management mode is: the transplanted butterfly orchid seedling only needs to supplement the leaf surface humidity without irrigation (about 7-10 days); after normal management, the water management is performed by watering the water fertilizer together with water unless the EC value is too high; spraying water and fertilizer about once a week (the concentration of the water and fertilizer is slowly transited from 3000 times of the plantlet to 1500 times of the plantlet); n for the first fertilization: p: k is 9: 45: 15 proportion of fertilizer, and then adding N: p: k is 20: 20: 20 (20: 10: 20 ratio is also possible); transplanting the 1.5 inch cup seedlings to 2.5 inch soft pots after about 3.5-4 months (about 20-30 days in winter); normal watering and fertilizing are carried out according to the humidity in the pot after the pot is changed (unless the EC value is too high, water and fertilizer are both watered together); and (3) adding N: p: k is 20: 20: 20, and can be changed into 20: 10: 20; the EC value is controlled to be between 1.0 and 1.2 (the concentration of the fertilizer is about 1500 times of dilution), and the EC values of different water qualities are different; the interval time of applying water and fertilizer is about 7-10 days according to the growth of plants. The growth vigor of the phalaenopsis is compared after the phalaenopsis grows for six months, the acidification rot condition of the culture medium is counted when the service life of the culture medium reaches 1 year, and the results are shown in table 1 and fig. 2 and 3.

TABLE 1

Fig. 2 is a photograph of phalaenopsis amabilis culture medium 1 prepared in example 1 and a photograph of phalaenopsis amabilis culture medium with sphagna medium for four months.

As can be seen from table 1 and fig. 2 and 3, the plant fiber-based phalaenopsis amabilis culture medium (1 sisal type, 2 jute type, 3 coco coir type) prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention can achieve technical effects similar to those of sphagna and overcome the defect that the sphagna culture medium is easily acidified and decayed after being used for one year. The novel phalaenopsis culture medium prepared by the invention has simple process and relatively low raw material cost, and is expected to replace expensive and increasingly scarce sphagna culture medium on a large scale.

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A phalaenopsis culture medium is characterized in that the raw material of the medium consists of plant fiber and rosin type adhesive;

the plant fiber is one of sisal fiber, jute fiber and coconut coir;

2. The butterfly orchid cultivation medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the plant fiber to the rosin-type binder is 95-97: 5-3.

3. The butterfly orchid cultivation medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant fiber has a water content of 20-30%.

4. A method for preparing a phalaenopsis culture medium according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:

and mixing plant fiber and a rosin type adhesive, and then carrying out swelling treatment to obtain the phalaenopsis culture medium.

5. The process according to claim 4, wherein the vegetable fiber is pulverized to 3 to 4cm, the rosin-type binder is pulverized to 40 mesh or more, and then the two are mixed.

6. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the temperature of the expansion treatment is 100-120 ℃.

7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the pressure of the puffing treatment is 1 to 2 MPa.

8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the time for which the charge stays in the extrusion screw in the puffing process is 3 to 6 seconds.

9. The use of the phalaenopsis culture medium of claim 1 in the soilless culture of phalaenopsis.