CN115118317B - Iterative precoding multi-stream method, medium and device suitable for millimeter waves - Google Patents
Iterative precoding multi-stream method, medium and device suitable for millimeter waves Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/024—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms
- H04L25/0242—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms using matrix methods
- H04L25/0244—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms using matrix methods with inversion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention provides an iterative precoding multi-stream method, medium and device suitable for millimeter waves, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the transmitting end transmits pilot frequency data; the receiving end carries out channel estimation on the pilot frequency data to obtain a channel matrix H; according to H, a channel inverse matrix H is obtained by utilizing a QR decomposition mode ‑1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to H ‑1 Performing a left multiplication operation with the previous precoding matrix to obtain a current precoding matrix P; transmitting P to a transmitting end by using an uplink channel; then, carrying out precoding processing on the multi-stream data and P to obtain the multi-stream data after the precoding processing; the receiving end utilizes H to carry out SVD decomposition to obtain n eigenvalues of a channel matrix H and calculates a maximum eigenvalue and a minimum eigenvalue; calculating the ratio R of the maximum characteristic value to the minimum characteristic value; and according to the proportion R, when the proportion R is smaller than the threshold value, stopping iteration, otherwise, continuing iteration. The invention can solve the problem that the multi-stream can not be demodulated because of the singular value problem of the channel matrix.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of millimeter wave wireless communication, in particular to an iterative precoding multi-stream method, medium and device suitable for millimeter waves.
Background
In a millimeter wave wireless communication environment, the millimeter wave carrier has the advantages of being located in a high frequency band, so that the millimeter wave carrier is rich in frequency spectrum resources and has the anti-interference characteristic; however, the millimeter wave frequency band is higher, and has the defects of large propagation attenuation, weak barrier crossing capability and the like, so that the millimeter wave communication device is often applied to line-of-sight transmission (LOS MIMO) in the millimeter wave communication environment;
in the LOS MIMO channel, antennas with the same polarization direction have similar phases and amplitudes when receiving data, so that singular values exist in a channel matrix, and finally multi-stream data cannot be demodulated;
in the prior art, the distances among the antennas are lengthened to enable the phases of the data received by the multiple antennas to be dissimilar, so that singular values do not exist in a channel matrix, and therefore, the multi-stream data can be demodulated; however, when the method is used for long-distance transmission, the data phase dissimilarity is ensured by continuously pulling long distances, so that the distance between the antennas cannot be infinitely extended due to the limitation of the size of a receiving end, and the method cannot effectively solve the problem of singular values of a channel matrix;
the method also comprises the steps of ensuring that the data amplitude of the receiving antenna has better isolation degree by adjusting the polarization direction of the antenna, thereby ensuring that a channel matrix achieves the inversion condition and solving the problem of multi-stream solution; under the condition of low flow number, the multi-flow solving problem can be guaranteed through polarization, but under the condition of high flow number, the polarization mode is difficult to guarantee good isolation, and the multi-flow solving problem also exists that demodulation cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an iterative precoding multi-stream method, medium and device suitable for millimeter waves, which are used for solving the problem that multi-streams cannot be demodulated due to the singular value problem of a channel matrix.
The invention provides an iterative precoding multi-stream method suitable for millimeter waves, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: pilot data of a transmitting end are transmitted in different ports;
step 2: the receiving end carries out channel estimation on the received pilot frequency data to obtain a channel matrix H of n;
step 3: according to the channel matrix H of n, a corresponding channel inverse matrix H is obtained by utilizing a QR decomposition mode -1 ；
Step 4: according to the channel inverse matrix H -1 Performing a left multiplication operation with the previous precoding matrix to obtain a current precoding matrix P;
step 5: the current precoding matrix P is stored, and the current precoding matrix P is transmitted to a transmitting end by utilizing an uplink channel;
step 6: after the current precoding matrix P is transmitted to a transmitting end, the transmitting end performs precoding processing on the multi-stream data and the current precoding matrix P to obtain the multi-stream data after the precoding processing;
step 7: the receiving end performs SVD decomposition by using a channel matrix H of n x n to obtain n eigenvalues of the channel matrix H;
step 8: calculating a maximum eigenvalue and a minimum eigenvalue according to n eigenvalues of a channel matrix H;
step 9: calculating the ratio R of the maximum characteristic value to the minimum characteristic value according to the maximum characteristic value and the minimum characteristic value;
step 10: and according to the proportion R, after the proportion R is smaller than the threshold value, carrying out iteration to stop subsequent service data transmission, otherwise, continuing iteration.
In some embodiments, step 2 comprises the sub-steps of:
step 201: conjugate multiplying pilot frequency data received by each receiving port and local pilot frequency data corresponding to each receiving port to obtain H j Representing channel data corresponding to a j-th receiving port;
step 202: according to the channel data, using the demodulation mode of code division and frequency division to calculate the H corresponding to each transmitting port and receiving port i,j Representing channel data corresponding to an ith transmitting port and a jth receiving port; thereby obtaining n-n channelsA matrix H; i=1, 2,3, …, n, j=1, 2,3, …, n.
In some embodiments, step 3 comprises the sub-steps of:
step 301: according to the channel matrix H of n×n, QR decomposition is performed according to formula (1):
H＝Q*R (1)
wherein Q is an orthogonal matrix, and R is an upper triangular matrix;
step 302: according to QR decomposition, inverting the n-n channel matrix H according to the formula (2) to obtain a channel inverse matrix H -1 ：
H -1 ＝(Q*R) -1 ＝R -1 *Q -1 ＝R -1 *Q H (2)
Wherein Q is a quadrature matrix, so Q -1 ＝Q H R is an upper triangular matrix.
In some embodiments, step 4 comprises the sub-steps of:
step 401: identity matrix P defining initial value of precoding matrix as n x n 0 ；
Step 402: according to the channel inverse matrix H -1 And a precoding matrix, a current precoding matrix is calculated according to equation (3),
P m ＝H -1 *P m-1 (3)
wherein the current precoding matrix P is the m-th iterative precoding matrix P m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the M is the number of iterations, m=1, 2,3,; m is the set total iteration number.
In some embodiments, the method for the transmitting end to perform precoding processing on the multi-stream data and the current precoding matrix P in step 6 includes:
Y＝X*P (4)
wherein Y is the multi-stream data after precoding processing; x is the multi-stream data before pre-encoding processing.
In some embodiments, the pilot data of the transmitting end in step 1 is sent in a time division, code division and/or frequency division manner in different ports.
In some embodiments, the pilot data in step 1 is generated using a GLOD sequence.
The invention also provides a computer terminal storage medium, which stores computer terminal executable instructions for executing the iterative precoding multi-stream method applicable to millimeter waves.
The present invention also provides a computing device comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the iterative precoding multi-stream method described above for millimeter waves.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
in the iterative precoding multi-stream method for millimeter waves, the return channel precoding data is adopted, so that the requirement on the installation distance between antennas can be effectively reduced; the precoding iteration technology is utilized, and the requirement of the polarization isolation of the antenna is also reduced; by adopting the iterative precoding technology, the problem that multiple streams cannot be demodulated due to the singular value problem of a channel matrix can be solved only by a short installation distance and a small isolation requirement between antennas under the condition of more streams.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will briefly describe the drawings in the embodiments, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an iterative precoding multi-stream method suitable for millimeter waves in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of frequency and code division of port numbers and pilot data in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment proposes an iterative precoding multi-stream method applicable to millimeter waves, including the following steps:
step 1: pilot data of a transmitting end are transmitted in different ports; in this embodiment:
(1) The pilot frequency data of the transmitting end is transmitted in different ports in a time division, code division and/or frequency division mode;
(2) Pilot data is generated using the GLOD sequence.
Step 2: the receiving end carries out channel estimation on the received pilot frequency data to obtain a channel matrix H of n:
step 201: conjugate multiplying pilot frequency data received by each receiving port and local pilot frequency data corresponding to each receiving port to obtain H j Representing channel data corresponding to a j-th receiving port;
step 202: according to the channel data, each transmitting port and each receiving port are calculated by using a code division and frequency division demodulation modeCorresponding H i,j Representing channel data corresponding to an ith transmitting port and a jth receiving port; thereby obtaining a channel matrix H of n x n; i=1, 2,3, …, n, j=1, 2,3, …, n.
Step 3: according to the channel matrix H of n, a corresponding channel inverse matrix H is obtained by utilizing a QR decomposition mode -1 ：
Step 301: according to the channel matrix H of n×n, QR decomposition is performed according to formula (1):
H＝Q*R (1)
wherein Q is an orthogonal matrix, and R is an upper triangular matrix;
step 302: according to QR decomposition, inverting the n-n channel matrix H according to the formula (2) to obtain a channel inverse matrix H -1 ：
H -1 ＝(Q*R) -1 ＝R -1 *Q -1 ＝R -1 *Q H (2)
Wherein Q is a quadrature matrix, so Q -1 ＝Q H R is an upper triangular matrix.
Step 4: according to the channel inverse matrix H -1 Performing a left multiplication operation with the previous precoding matrix to obtain a current precoding matrix P:
step 401: identity matrix P defining initial value of precoding matrix as n x n 0 ；
Step 402: according to the channel inverse matrix H est -1 And a precoding matrix, calculating a current precoding matrix according to equation (3):
P m ＝H -1 *P m-1 (3)
wherein the current precoding matrix P is the m-th iterative precoding matrix P m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the M is the number of iterations, m=1, 2,3,; m is the set total iteration number.
Step 5: the current precoding matrix P is stored, and the current precoding matrix P is transmitted to a transmitting end by utilizing an uplink channel;
step 6: after the current precoding matrix P is transmitted to the transmitting end, the transmitting end performs precoding processing on the multi-stream data and the current precoding matrix P to obtain the multi-stream data after the precoding processing:
Y＝X*P (4)
wherein Y is the multi-stream data after precoding processing; x is the multi-stream data before pre-encoding processing.
Step 7: the receiving end utilizes n x n channel matrixes to carry out SVD decomposition to obtain n eigenvalues of the channel matrixes:
step 8: calculating a maximum eigenvalue and a minimum eigenvalue according to n eigenvalues of the channel matrix;
step 9: calculating the ratio R of the maximum characteristic value to the minimum characteristic value according to the maximum characteristic value and the minimum characteristic value;
step 10: and according to the proportion R, after the proportion R is smaller than the threshold value, carrying out iteration to stop subsequent service data transmission, otherwise, continuing iteration.
Examples:
and (5) transmitting pilot data by using 4*4 antennas with subcarrier frequency of 30KHz and subcarrier number of 3276, and sequentially performing iterative precoding multiflow until the characteristic value of the channel matrix meets the condition, and considering that the link establishment is successful. The iterative precoding multi-stream method suitable for millimeter waves comprises the following steps:
step 1: pilot data of a transmitting end is transmitted in different ports in a frequency division and code division mode; as shown in fig. 2, the antenna port 0 transmits pilot data 1 at an odd frequency point and transmits 0 at an even frequency point; the antenna port 1 transmits pilot data 2 at an odd frequency, and transmits 0 at an even frequency; the antenna port 3 transmits pilot data 1 at even frequency points and transmits 0 at odd frequency points; the antenna port 3 transmits pilot data 2 at even frequency points and transmits 0 at odd frequency points; wherein the odd position of pilot data 2 is the same as the odd position data of pilot data 1, and the even position of pilot data 2 is opposite in sign to the even data of pilot data 1, wherein the pilot data is 1638 complex data.
Step 2: the receiving end carries out channel estimation on the received pilot data to obtain a channel matrix H of 4*4: the receiving end receives the leads corresponding to the antenna ports 1,2,3 and 4The frequency data and the local pilot frequency data 1 are subjected to conjugate multiplication, and H is calculated by using a mode of combining odd frequency points and code division demodulation 1,1 ，H 1,2 ，H 1,3 ，H 1,4 ，H 2,1 ，H 2,2 ，H 2,3 ，H 2,4 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the H is calculated by using even frequency point and code division demodulation mode 3,1 ，H 3,2 ，H 3,3 ，H 3,4 ，H 4,1 ，H 4,2 ，H 4,3 ，H 4,4 And finally obtaining the channel matrix H of 4*4.
Step 3: according to the channel matrix H of 4*4, a corresponding channel inverse matrix H is obtained by utilizing a QR decomposition mode -1 ：
H＝Q*R
H -1 ＝R -1 *Q -1
Wherein Q is an orthogonal matrix, and R is an upper triangular matrix.
Step 4: according to the channel inverse matrix H -1 Performing a left multiplication operation with the previous precoding matrix to obtain a current precoding matrix P:
step 401: identity matrix P defining initial value of precoding matrix as 4*4 0 ：
Step 402: according to the channel inverse matrix H -1 And a precoding matrix, calculating a current precoding matrix according to equation (3):
P m ＝H -1 *P m-1 (3)
wherein the current precoding matrix P is the m-th iterative precoding matrix P m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the M is the number of iterations, m=1, 2,3,; total iterations m=100.
Step 5: the current precoding matrix P is stored, and the current precoding matrix P is transmitted to a transmitting end by utilizing an uplink channel;
step 6: after the current precoding matrix P is transmitted to the transmitting end, the transmitting end performs precoding processing on the multi-stream data and the current precoding matrix P to obtain the multi-stream data after the precoding processing:
Y＝X*P (4)
wherein Y is the multi-stream data after pre-coding treatment, and is the vector band transmitting data of 1*4; x is the multi-stream data before precoding processing, in this example, a data vector of 1*4;
step 7: the receiving end utilizes a 4*4 channel matrix H to carry out SVD decomposition to obtain 4 characteristic values of the channel matrix H;
step 8: calculating a maximum eigenvalue max_val and a minimum eigenvalue min_val according to 4 eigenvalues of the channel matrix;
step 9: according to the maximum characteristic value and the minimum characteristic value, calculating the ratio R of the maximum characteristic value to the minimum characteristic value:
R＝max_val/min_val
step 10: according to the proportion R, after the proportion R is smaller than 16 (the threshold value is set to be 16 in the example), iteration stops to carry out subsequent service data transmission, and if the proportion R is larger than or equal to 16, iteration is continued.
Furthermore, in some embodiments, a computer terminal storage medium is provided, in which computer terminal executable instructions are stored, wherein the computer terminal executable instructions are configured to perform an iterative precoding multi-stream method applicable to millimeter waves as described in the previous embodiments. Examples of the computer storage medium include magnetic storage media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, etc.), optical recording media (e.g., CD-ROMs, DVDs, etc.), or memories such as memory cards, ROMs, or RAMs, etc. The computer storage media may also be distributed over network-connected computer systems, such as stores for application programs.
Furthermore, in some embodiments, a computing device is presented comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the iterative precoding multi-stream method applicable to millimeter waves as described in the previous embodiments. Examples of computing devices include PCs, tablets, smartphones, PDAs, etc.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An iterative precoding multi-stream method suitable for millimeter waves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: pilot data of a transmitting end are transmitted in different ports;
step 2: the receiving end carries out channel estimation on the received pilot frequency data to obtain a channel matrix H of n;
step 3: according to the channel matrix H of n, a corresponding channel inverse matrix H is obtained by utilizing a QR decomposition mode -1 ；
Step 4: according to the channel inverse matrix H -1 Performing a left multiplication operation with the previous precoding matrix to obtain a current precoding matrix P;
step 5: the current precoding matrix P is stored, and the current precoding matrix P is transmitted to a transmitting end by utilizing an uplink channel;
step 6: after the current precoding matrix P is transmitted to a transmitting end, the transmitting end performs precoding processing on the multi-stream data and the current precoding matrix P to obtain the multi-stream data after the precoding processing;
step 7: the receiving end performs SVD decomposition by using a channel matrix H of n x n to obtain n eigenvalues of the channel matrix H;
step 8: calculating a maximum eigenvalue and a minimum eigenvalue according to n eigenvalues of a channel matrix H;
step 9: calculating the ratio R of the maximum characteristic value to the minimum characteristic value according to the maximum characteristic value and the minimum characteristic value;
step 10: and according to the proportion R, after the proportion R is smaller than the threshold value, carrying out iteration to stop subsequent service data transmission, otherwise, continuing iteration.
2. The iterative precoding multi-stream method for millimeter waves according to claim 1, wherein step 2 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 201: conjugate multiplying pilot frequency data received by each receiving port and local pilot frequency data corresponding to each receiving port to obtain H j Representing channel data corresponding to a j-th receiving port;
step 202: according to the channel data, using the demodulation mode of code division and frequency division to calculate the H corresponding to each transmitting port and receiving port i,j Representing channel data corresponding to an ith transmitting port and a jth receiving port; thereby obtaining a channel matrix H of n x n; i=1, 2,3, …, n, j=1, 2,3, …, n.
3. The iterative precoding multi-stream method for millimeter waves according to claim 1, wherein step 3 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 301: according to the channel matrix H of n×n, QR decomposition is performed according to formula (1):
H＝Q*R (1)
wherein Q is an orthogonal matrix, and R is an upper triangular matrix;
step 302: according to QR decomposition, inverting the n-n channel matrix H according to the formula (2) to obtain a channel inverse matrix H -1 ：
H -1 ＝(Q*R) -1 ＝R -1 *Q -1 ＝R -1 *Q H (2)
Wherein Q is a quadrature matrix, so Q -1 ＝Q H R is an upper triangular matrix.
4. The iterative precoding multi-stream method for millimeter waves according to claim 1, wherein step 4 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 401: identity matrix P defining initial value of precoding matrix as n x n 0 ；
Step 402: according to the channel inverse matrixH -1 And a precoding matrix, calculating a current precoding matrix according to equation (3):
P m ＝H -1 *P m-1 (3)
wherein the current precoding matrix P is the m-th iterative precoding matrix P m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the M is the number of iterations, m=1, 2,3,; m is the set total iteration number.
5. The iterative precoding multi-stream method for millimeter waves according to claim 1, wherein the method for precoding the multi-stream data and the current precoding matrix P by the transmitting end in step 6 is as follows:
Y＝X*P (4)
wherein Y is the multi-stream data after precoding processing; x is the multi-stream data before pre-encoding processing.
6. The iterative precoding multi-stream method for millimeter waves according to claim 1, wherein the pilot data of the transmitting end in step 1 is transmitted in different ports by time division, code division and/or frequency division.
7. The iterative precoding multi-stream method for millimeter waves of claim 1, wherein the pilot data in step 1 is generated using a GLOD sequence.
8. A computer terminal storage medium storing computer terminal executable instructions for performing the iterative precoding multi-stream method for millimeter waves according to any one of claims 1-7.
9. A computing device, comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the iterative precoding multi-stream method for millimeter waves of any one of claims 1-7.
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| Stiefel流形上的单边干扰对齐预编码;凌必祥;解培中;李汀;;信号处理(01);全文 * |
| 一种多用户MIMO***干扰对齐优化算法;陈艳;宋云超;;电讯技术(07);全文 * |
| 基于预编码矩阵的迭代均衡算法;李一兵;刘海涛;叶方;林云;;***工程与电子技术(10);全文 * |
| 改进相位迭代的低精度混合预编码方法;李民政;刘宁;;电子科技大学学报(04);全文 * |
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