CN115117391A - Fuel cell thermal management control method based on combination of fuzzy logic and model - Google Patents
Fuel cell thermal management control method based on combination of fuzzy logic and model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell heat management control method based on the combination of fuzzy logic and a model, which comprises the following steps: establishing a fuel cell stack calorific value calculation model, a cooling fan heat exchange total amount calculation model, a filter model and a deionizer model; building a cooling path system model of the fuel cell, controlling the heat to change along with the current and transferring the heat to the cooling path; determining the optimal working temperature of the fuel cell under the current output power according to the cooling circuit system model and the specific state of the fuel cell system, measuring the temperature difference value of the load current of the galvanic pile and the inlet temperature of the galvanic pile, designing a fuzzy rule, and determining the output value of the duty ratio of the fan according to the fuzzy rule; simulating various extreme conditions by using a cooling circuit system model, detecting the change of the temperature change rate, and fitting the change into a function of the fan compensation duty ratio so as to finely adjust the fan duty ratio; and fitting the output rotating speed of the water pump into a function of the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the galvanic pile and the load current of the galvanic pile, and controlling the real-time output rotating speed of the water pump.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell thermal management control method based on the combination of fuzzy logic and a model.
Background
At present, new energy automobiles develop rapidly, and hydrogen fuel cell automobiles are widely concerned with the advantages of high efficiency, cleanness and the like. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) have the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, low-temperature operation, high reliability, zero emission, and the like, and have a wide application prospect in the field of automobiles at present. The operating temperature of the stack is one of the key factors that affect the output performance and life of the stack. If the temperature is too high, the evaporation of liquid water is increased, so that the proton exchange membrane is dehydrated, and the performance of the fuel cell is influenced; on the other hand, too low a temperature may prevent evaporation of liquid water, reduce the chemical reaction rate, and degrade the performance of the fuel cell. The normal working range of the stack is usually between 60 and 80 ℃, and the PEMFC generates a large amount of heat during operation, so that effective thermal management of the PEMFC is required.
In the control method of the prior art for the fuel cell thermal management system, the control of the fan is generally determined by the difference between the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid and the set temperature to determine whether the opening degree of the fan needs to be increased or decreased, and the larger the temperature difference is, the larger the adjustment range of the fan is, but the following defects exist: if the algorithm is not properly designed, irreversible loss can be caused to the electric pile. Secondly, if an accurate mathematical model is not used as a basis, the control method of the system is reduced in control precision according to variables such as environment temperature and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the problems in the prior art, the invention discloses a fuel cell thermal management control method based on the combination of fuzzy logic and a model, which specifically comprises the following steps: a
Establishing a fuel cell stack heat productivity calculation model according to irreversible heat and Joule heat released in the electrochemical reaction process of the fuel cell stack;
the fuel cell cooling path system comprises a water pump, a cooling fan, a filter, a deionizer, an expansion water tank, an intercooler, a plate heat exchanger, a temperature/pressure sensor and a pipeline structure, partial parameters of the water pump are calculated based on a similarity law, and information of lift, flow, rotating speed and efficiency is input into a water pump model so as to establish a complete water pump model;
analyzing effective areas, experimental heat exchange quantity and heat dissipation efficiency of a ventilation surface and a non-ventilation surface of the cooling fan, and establishing a cooling fan heat exchange total quantity calculation model;
calibrating a functional relation between pressure drop and flow according to experimental data, and determining flow resistance characteristics of the filter and the deionizer so as to establish a filter model and a deionizer model;
connecting parts in a fuel cell cooling circuit system, building a cooling circuit system model of the fuel cell, and performing virtual calibration and operation condition verification on the basis of a simulation model;
interpolating heat released by reaction under different currents into a function related to the current, controlling the heat to change along with the current and transferring the heat to a cooling circuit;
determining the optimal working temperature of the fuel cell under the current output power according to the cooling circuit system model and the specific state of the fuel cell system, measuring the temperature difference value of the load current of the galvanic pile and the inlet temperature of the galvanic pile, designing a fuzzy rule, and determining the output value of the duty ratio of the fan according to the fuzzy rule;
simulating various extreme conditions by using a cooling circuit system model, detecting the change of the temperature change rate, and fitting the change into a function of the fan compensation duty ratio so as to finely adjust the fan duty ratio;
based on a relation formula between the heat generation quantity of the galvanic pile and the water flow of the water pump, the output rotating speed of the water pump is fitted into a function of the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the galvanic pile and the load current of the galvanic pile, and the real-time output rotating speed of the water pump is controlled.
The fuel cell stack heat productivity calculation model combines the actual fuel cell stack section number and multiplies the gain of the section number, calculates the heat released by reaction under different currents according to the electrochemical reaction process of the stack, interpolates the heat into a function related to the current, and controls the heat to change along with the current and transfer the heat to a cooling circuit.
And the cooling circuit system model calculates the heat generation of the galvanic pile and the heat dissipation condition of each part and verifies the operation condition.
The design area is compensated two-dimentional fuzzy controller, regards galvanic pile load current and temperature error as fuzzy controller's input, regards the output duty cycle of fan as the output value, adjusts fan output rotational speed, regards the rate of change of temperature error as the offset simultaneously, compensates radiator fan's output duty cycle:
E＝T st.tar -T st.in
wherein E is the temperature error, T st.tar Target temperature, T, required for the stack st.in Is the cell stack inlet temperature, T st.in-1 For the last cycle of the stack inlet temperature, T s Is a sampling period;
Fan Duty ＝f(EC)
wherein Fan Duty To compensate for the duty cycle of the fan, EC is the temperature error rate of change.
Further, when the water pump is controlled, the relation between theoretical heat production and the rotating speed of the water pump is calculated, the output rotating speed of the water pump is fitted to be a function of the load current of the electric pile and the temperature difference to adjust the output rotating speed of the water pump, the water flow required by heat dissipation is calculated through the following equation, and the corresponding water flow is adjusted by the rotating speed of the water pump:
Q＝W cl C cl (T st.out -T st.in )
in the formula: w cl For cooling water flow, different water pump rotation speeds correspond to different water flows，C cl For specific heat capacity of cooling water, T st.out Is the outlet temperature of the cooling water of the electric pile, T st.in The temperature is the inlet temperature of the cooling water of the galvanic pile, and Q is the temperature which needs to be taken away by the cooling water;
the cooling water flow is calculated in real time through the formula and is converted into the actual water pump rotating speed, so that the actual water pump rotating speed is output to the water pump, the data are also fitted in practical application, and the data are expressed as the following formula
Pump rpm ＝f(T Er ,I)
Pump in the formula rpm For delivery of rotational speed, T, to the pump Er The temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the galvanic pile is shown as I, the load current of the galvanic pile is shown as I, and the size of the I directly determines the size of generated heat.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fuel cell thermal management control method based on the combination of the fuzzy logic and the model provided by the invention corrects the control functions of the water pump and the fan by establishing a pile model, a water pump model, a cooling fan model, an expansion water tank model and other key component models, and bases on algorithm verification and correction. The strong coupling effect of the cooling fan and the water pump in the water path control is fully considered, and in the control of the cooling fan, a two-dimensional fuzzy controller with compensation is designed to keep the inlet temperature of the electric pile at a target value. In the control of the water pump, the output rotating speed of the water pump is fitted into a function influenced by the load current of the electric pile and the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the electric pile, so that the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the electric pile is ensured to be stabilized in a reasonable interval. According to the thermal management method established by the invention, firstly, full theoretical calculation and correction are carried out through a waterway simulation model established by Amesim software, then, the thermal management method is verified on an actual fuel cell system, and partial parameters in the thermal management method are corrected again. The control method has the advantages of high control precision, high response speed, strong practicability and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the overall process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of the fan compensation duty cycle in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of simulation and experimental temperature control in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a simulation model of a fuel cell stack cooling circuit system according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a simulation model of the control algorithm applied to a cooling circuit system in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a thermal management control method according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the system comprises a water pump 2, an expansion water tank 3, a cooling fan 4, a filter 5, a deionizer 6, a cooling circuit inlet temperature sensor 7, a fuel cell stack 8, a cooling circuit outlet temperature sensor 9, a plate heat exchanger 10, an intercooler 11, a water pump rotating speed control function 12, a fuzzy controller 13 and a fan compensation duty ratio function.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention:
as shown in fig. 1, a fuel cell thermal management control method based on combination of fuzzy logic and a model specifically includes the following steps:
and establishing a fuel cell stack heat productivity calculation model, wherein the heat in the fuel cell stack comprises irreversible heat of electrochemical reaction, Joule heat and the like. The heat generated in the working process needs to be cooled by a cooling system, and is taken out through cooling water circulation. For a fuel cell formed by connecting a plurality of single cells in series, the calorific value is calculated by the following formula:
Q＝(V 0 -V cell )*I cell *N (1)
I cell ＝i*A (2)
in the formula, Q is the instant heating power of the electric pile; v 0 Is a monolithic cell reference voltage; v cell The instantaneous voltage of the single battery; i is cell Is the system instantaneous current; n is the total number of the electric pile; i is the current per unit activation area; and A is the activated area of the electric pile.
The cooling water pump is a key component for providing cooling liquid with certain flow and pressure in a cooling loop system, and the rotating speed of the water pump determines the flow speed of the cooling liquid so as to change the temperature difference of an inlet and an outlet of a cooling circuit of the electric pile. The water pump output pressure calculation formula is as follows:
P out ＝P in +Δp (3)
in the formula, P in Is the water pump inlet pressure (barA), Δ P is the pressure difference, P out Is the water pump outlet pressure (barA).
Part of parameters in the water pump are calculated according to a similarity law, and part of coefficients are derived by the following formula:
wherein N is the rotation speed (rad/s) of the reference specific pump, D is the diameter (m) of the reference specific pump, and ρ is the density (kg/m) of the reference coolant 3 )。
On the basis of the formula, a MAP graph among the lift, the flow and the rotating speed and a MAP among the lift, the flow and the efficiency are also required to be input into a water pump model, and a complete water pump model is established.
The main function of the radiator fan is to take away the heat of the coolant in the circulating pipeline through the operation of the radiator fan, and the radiator fan is the most important component in the cooling system. The projection area of the fan on the radiator is a ventilation surface of the radiator, and the speed of air passing through the ventilation surface is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the air velocity at the inlet of the radiator (m/s), V fan Is the additional speed (m/s) at which the fan is running.
The effective area expression for ventilation is:
in the formula, D ext Is the outer diameter (m), D of the radiator fan int The inner diameter (m) of the radiator fan.
The experimental heat exchange performed on the ventilation area was therefore:
in the formula, R h Height (m), R of the heat sink l Is the length (m) of the heat sink.
The non-ventilated surface area of the heat sink is:
A NVS ＝R h *R l -A VS (10)
the experimental heat exchange capacity over the non-energized area is therefore:
the total experimental heat exchange is then:
therefore, the actual amount of heat exchange will be calculated as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the actual temperature (DEG C) of the cooling liquid at the inlet of the radiator,
is the actual temperature (DEG C) of the air at the inlet of the radiator, S eff Is the surface heat dissipation efficiency of the heat sink.
The plate heat exchanger and the intercooler both adopt heat exchanger models, the mixed gas side and the cooling liquid side are subjected to modular treatment, and heat exchange in various forms can be realized. Because the invention mainly considers the fuel cell cooling circuit system, the cooling temperature of the plate heat exchanger and the intercooler is set as constant temperature according to the working condition.
Both the filter and the deionizer employ a symmetric orifice model, which has laminar or turbulent flow characteristics, and the opening and closing process is done based on the critical flow provided. And calibrating the function relation of the pressure drop and the flow according to experimental data so as to determine the flow resistance characteristics of the filter and the deionizer.
The expansion tank is a heat accumulating type energy accumulator, and the hydraulic balance is maintained by considering the heat exchange between gas and liquid. Heat exchange between liquid and gas:
hgf＝tcgf*(T g -T l ) (14)
wherein hgf is the heat flow rate between the gas and the fluid, tcgf is the thermal conductivity between the gas and the liquid, and T g And T l Are respectively in the gas phaseAnd the temperature (. degree. C.) of the liquid phase.
And connecting the parts in the cooling circuit system according to a system flow chart, constructing a cooling circuit system model of the fuel cell, and performing virtual calibration and operation condition verification on the basis of the simulation model.
In order to realize the closed-loop automatic control of the fuel cell cooling circuit, a control algorithm needs to be led into a simulation model platform, and the simulation model is used as a controlled object of the control algorithm to realize the virtual operation of the system. Based on the working mode of the actual controller, the simulation model and the control algorithm are set to be a fixed-step-size calculation mode, and joint debugging between the control algorithm and the simulation model can be successfully realized. Through the virtual operation of the system, the parameter correction of the control algorithm can be completed at the simulation end.
This patent carries out real-time simulation and calculation according to the model of above establishing, constantly optimizes mathematical model and fuzzy controller's accurate nature, if only rely on mathematical model in control method's design, can make the calculated amount increase, and the temperature has very big hysteresis quality again, need consider thing many in the practical application, and it is comparatively difficult to realize. If only a control algorithm is relied on, adjustment on control precision needs a large amount of data to calibrate and verify, and the precision cannot achieve an ideal effect. Therefore, the patent provides a control mode combining a mathematical model and fuzzy logic, so that a control algorithm is optimal.
The specific technical scheme of the cooling fan is as follows:
in the control of the radiator fan, a two-dimensional fuzzy controller of the Mandarin type is established. The load current (I) and the temperature difference (E) of the electric pile are used as the input of a two-dimensional controller, and the duty ratio of the fan is used as the output of the controller. The output duty ratio of the cooling fan is compensated by taking the temperature error change rate (EC) as a compensation quantity in consideration of heat exchange of the cooling fan.
E＝T st.tar -T st.in (15)
Wherein T is st.tar Target temperature, T, required for the stack st.in Is the cell stack inlet temperature, T st.in-1 For the last cycle of the stack inlet temperature, T s Is the sampling period.
In the application, the membership function which is not optimized by the model selects the uniformly distributed membership function and uses the triangular membership function. The input amount of current in the fuzzy controller is divided into 11 fuzzy subsets, namely (I) 1 ,I 2 ,I 3 ......I 11 )，I 1 <I 11 And I is 1 -I 11 Corresponding to the minimum and maximum currents for operation of the stack. The temperature difference is divided into 7 fuzzy subsets, namely NB (big negative), NM (middle negative), NS (small negative), ZO (zero), PS (small positive), PM (middle positive) and PB (big positive). The duty cycle of the corresponding fan is 9 fuzzy subsets, namely (D) 1 ,D 2 ,D 3 ......D 9 ). Choosing the ambiguity field of the current as [0,6 ]]Choosing the fuzzy domain of temp. difference as [ -5,5 [)]Choosing the fuzzy domain of the PWM duty ratio signal of the fan as [0,9 ]]. A triangular shaped membership function is used. The fuzzy inference system is designed by adopting if-then fuzzy control rules, 77 fuzzy rules are respectively formulated aiming at controlled variables, and after fuzzy inference, a weighted average method is adopted for defuzzification as shown in the following table.
Table-fuzzy control rule table
For the PEMFC system, the conditions of sudden loading and sudden load drop can also occur, the temperature changes rapidly at the moment, and in order to avoid the problems that the input quantity of the fuzzy controller is too much and the fuzzy controller is difficult to correct, the duty ratio of the fan is compensated by the temperature change rate. The duty ratio compensation of the fan can be carried out in a mode of combining theory and practice, when the temperature rate changes excessively or excessively in the fuzzy control regulation process, the temperature is proved to be rapidly increased or rapidly decreased, and at the moment, in order to avoid temperature overshoot, the theoretical heat dissipation calculated through a fuel cell stack heat productivity calculation model subtracts the heat dissipation of the current fuzzy controller to obtain the heat to be supplemented. And then the compensation duty ratio signal of the fan is converted. In practical application, the value needs to be calibrated, the data is fitted, and finally the compensation duty ratio is expressed as a function of the loading slope, the formula is as follows, and the flow chart is shown in fig. 2.
Fan Duty ＝f(EC)
For the control of the cooling water pump, in order to avoid coupling during the regulation, the required rotational speed of the water pump is calculated using a mathematical equation, as shown in the following formula, and calibrated in practical applications.
Q＝W cl C cl (T st.out -T st.in )
In the formula W cl For cooling water flow, C cl For specific heat capacity of cooling water, T st.out Is the outlet temperature of the cooling water of the electric pile, T st.in The temperature of the cooling water inlet of the electric pile is used, and Q is the cooling water which needs to take away heat.
Through the mathematical equation, the flow rate of the cooling water can be calculated in real time and converted into the actual rotating speed of the water pump, so that the water pump is output. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the accuracy, the data is also fitted in practical application, and the data is expressed as formula 19.
Pump rpm ＝f(T Er ,I) (19)
Pump in the formula rpm For delivery of rotational speed, T, to the pump Er The temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the galvanic pile is shown as I, the load current of the galvanic pile is shown as I, and the size of the I directly determines the size of generated heat.
In order to verify the effect of the control method, a company 120KW system, a system rated current 570A and a voltage working range of 450-720VDC are selected.
Fig. 3 is a comparison of experimental data of actual measurement and simulation, and it can be known from fig. 3 that the error between the target temperature and the actual temperature of the stack can be guaranteed to be ± 1 ℃ in a manner of combining fuzzy logic and a model, no matter in a variable load condition or a steady state condition. The results show that the model can simulate the overall performance of the fuel cell, and the error between the temperature of the electric pile output by the model and the actual temperature of the electric pile is within 1 ℃. The control algorithm after model correction has a good control effect, the outlet and inlet temperatures of the galvanic pile show stronger response capability, the dynamic temperature error is effectively corrected, and the control precision of the thermal management method is improved.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the heat in the fuel cell stack includes irreversible heat of electrochemical reaction, joule heat, and the like. For a fuel cell stack composed of a plurality of single bodies connected in series, the number of the actual fuel cell stack sections is multiplied by the gain of the number of the sections, and then the heat released by the reaction under different currents is calculated according to the electrochemical reaction process of the fuel cell stack, so that the modeling of the fuel cell stack 7 is completed.
And calculating partial coefficients of the water pump according to a similarity law, and inputting MAP data among the lift, the flow and the rotating speed and MAP data among the lift, the flow and the efficiency into a water pump model to complete modeling of the water pump 1.
The cooling fan model considers the effective areas of the ventilation surface and the non-ventilation surface, calculates the experimental heat exchange amount on the ventilation surface and the non-ventilation surface, and then multiplies the sum of the experimental heat exchange amount and the experimental heat exchange amount by the cooling efficiency to obtain the actual total heat exchange amount, thereby completing the modeling of the cooling fan 3.
And calibrating the functional relation between the pressure drop and the flow according to experimental data by adopting a symmetrical throttling hole model so as to determine the flow resistance characteristics of the filter and the deionizer and complete the modeling of the filter 4 and the deionizer 5.
The plate heat exchanger and the intercooler both adopt heat exchanger models, the mixed gas side and the cooling liquid side are subjected to modular treatment, and heat exchange in various forms can be realized. Because the fuel cell cooling circuit system is mainly considered in the invention, the cooling temperatures of the plate heat exchanger and the intercooler are set to be constant temperatures according to working conditions, and the modeling of the plate heat exchanger 9 and the intercooler 10 is completed.
The expansion water tank is a heat accumulating type energy accumulator, and the modeling of the expansion water tank 2 is completed by considering the heat exchange between gas and liquid.
A cooling circuit inlet sensor 6 is added to the left side of the fuel cell stack 7 to monitor the temperature at the fuel cell stack cooling circuit inlet, and a cooling circuit outlet sensor 8 is added to the right side of the fuel cell stack 7 to monitor the temperature at the fuel cell stack cooling circuit outlet. And connecting and combining the devices together to form a complete fuel cell stack cooling circuit system simulation model diagram based on Amesim.
And determining the functional relation of the water pump rotating speed based on the temperature difference and the current between the inlet and the outlet of the cooling path, and adding a water pump rotating speed control function 11 in a system simulation model diagram to complete the rotating speed control of the water pump.
And determining the control logic, control rule and control parameter of the fuzzy controller, and adding the fuzzy controller 12 in the system simulation model diagram to complete the rotation speed control of the fan.
With reference to fig. 6, the specific implementation is as follows:
the temperature control of the fuel cell is very important in engineering, the temperature directly determines the overall performance of the fuel cell, the difference value between the target working temperature of the galvanic pile and a cooling circuit inlet temperature sensor 6 is used in the control of the heat radiation fan 3, the load working current of the galvanic pile is used as the input of a fuzzy controller 12 to directly control the output of the fan duty ratio for adjusting the inlet working temperature of the galvanic pile, meanwhile, the influence of variables such as environmental factors is considered, the change rate of the galvanic pile temperature error is fitted into a fan compensation duty ratio function 13, the duty ratio of the fan is directly compensated under the condition that the temperature change rate has obvious change, and the control precision is improved.
In the control of the water pump 1, the difference value between a cooling path outlet temperature sensor 8 and a cooling path inlet temperature sensor 6 and the electric pile load current are used as the input of a water pump rotating speed control function 11, and the output of a cooling water pump is controlled to adjust the difference value between the inlet and the outlet of the electric pile.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A fuel cell thermal management control method based on combination of fuzzy logic and a model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a fuel cell stack heat productivity calculation model according to irreversible heat and Joule heat released in the electrochemical reaction process of the fuel cell stack;
the fuel cell cooling circuit system comprises a water pump, a cooling fan, a filter, a deionizer, an expansion water tank, an intercooler, a plate heat exchanger, a temperature/pressure sensor and a pipeline structure, partial parameters of the water pump are calculated based on a similarity law, and information of lift, flow, rotating speed and efficiency is input into a water pump model so as to establish a complete water pump model;
analyzing effective areas, experimental heat exchange quantity and heat dissipation efficiency of a ventilation surface and a non-ventilation surface of the cooling fan, and establishing a cooling fan heat exchange total quantity calculation model;
calibrating a functional relation between pressure drop and flow according to experimental data, and determining flow resistance characteristics of the filter and the deionizer so as to establish a filter model and a deionizer model;
connecting parts in a fuel cell cooling circuit system, constructing a cooling circuit system model of the fuel cell, and carrying out virtual calibration and operation condition verification on the basis of a simulation model;
interpolating heat released by reaction under different currents into a function related to the current, controlling the heat to change along with the current and transferring the heat to a cooling circuit;
determining the optimal working temperature of the fuel cell under the current output power according to the cooling circuit system model and the specific state of the fuel cell system, measuring the temperature difference value of the load current of the galvanic pile and the inlet temperature of the galvanic pile, designing a fuzzy rule, and determining the output value of the duty ratio of the fan according to the fuzzy rule;
simulating various extreme conditions by using a cooling circuit system model, detecting the change of the temperature change rate, and fitting the change into a function of the fan compensation duty ratio so as to finely adjust the fan duty ratio;
based on a relation formula between the heat generation quantity of the galvanic pile and the water flow of the water pump, the output rotating speed of the water pump is fitted into a function of the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the galvanic pile and the load current of the galvanic pile, and the real-time output rotating speed of the water pump is controlled.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the fuel cell stack heat productivity calculation model combines the actual fuel cell stack section number and multiplies the gain of the section number, calculates the heat released by reaction under different currents according to the electrochemical reaction process of the stack, interpolates the heat into a function related to the current, and controls the heat to change along with the current and transfer the heat to a cooling circuit.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: and the cooling circuit system model calculates the heat generation of the galvanic pile and the heat dissipation condition of each part and verifies the operation condition.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the design area is compensated two-dimentional fuzzy controller, regards galvanic pile load current and temperature error as fuzzy controller's input, regards the output duty cycle of fan as the output value, adjusts fan output rotational speed, regards the rate of change of temperature error as the offset simultaneously, compensates radiator fan's output duty cycle:
E＝T st.tar -T st.in
wherein E is the temperature error, T st.tar Target temperature, T, required for the stack st.in Is the cell stack inlet temperature, T st.in-1 For the last cycle of the stack inlet temperature, T s Is a sampling period;
FanD uty ＝f(EC)
wherein Fan Duty Is windThe fan compensates the duty cycle, EC is the temperature error rate of change.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: when the water pump is controlled, the relation between theoretical heat production and the rotating speed of the water pump is calculated, the output rotating speed of the water pump is fitted to be a function of the load current of the electric pile and the temperature difference to adjust the output rotating speed of the water pump, the water flow required by heat dissipation is calculated through the following equation, and the corresponding water flow is adjusted by utilizing the rotating speed of the water pump:
Q＝W cl C cl (T st.out -T st.in )
in the formula: w cl For cooling water flow, different water pump speeds correspond to different water flows, C cl For specific heat capacity of cooling water, T st.out Is the outlet temperature of the cooling water of the electric pile, T st.in The temperature is the inlet temperature of the cooling water of the galvanic pile, and Q is the quantity of heat to be taken away by the cooling water;
the cooling water flow is calculated in real time through the formula and is converted into the actual water pump rotating speed, so that the actual water pump rotating speed is output to the water pump, the data are also fitted in practical application, and the data are expressed as the following formula
Pump rpm ＝f(T Er ，I)
Pump in the formula rpm For delivery of rotational speed, T, to the pump Er The temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the galvanic pile is shown as I, the load current of the galvanic pile is shown as I, and the size of the I directly determines the size of generated heat.
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